资源简介

(共59张PPT)
Words And Expressions Unit 4
人教版必修一词汇讲解
disaster /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难；灾害
disastrous adj. 灾难性的；毁灭性的
natural disaster 自然灾害
survive a disaster 从灾难中幸存
suffer a disaster 遭遇灾难
prevent a disaster 预防灾难
A natural disaster can destroy thousands of homes in a moment.
一场自然灾害能在顷刻间摧毁成千上万的房屋。
Without proper preparation, the sports meeting will be a disaster.
没有充分的准备，这场运动会将会是一场惨败。
The fire was a total disaster, but luckily no one was injured.
这场火灾是一场彻头彻尾的灾难，但幸运的是无人受伤。
tornado /t ne d / n. 龙卷风；旋风
复数形式：tornadoes / tornados
destructive tornado 破坏性强的龙卷风
powerful tornado 威力大的龙卷风
hit by a tornado 遭受龙卷风袭击
A violent tornado hit the town last night.
一场强烈的龙卷风昨晚袭击了这座小镇。
The tornado destroyed all the houses in its path.
龙卷风摧毁了其行进路径上的所有房屋。
Tornadoes are one of the most dangerous natural disasters.
龙卷风是最危险的自然灾害之一。
drought /dra t/ n. 旱灾；久旱
suffer from a drought 遭受旱灾
relieve a drought 缓解旱情
severe drought 严重干旱
A severe drought hit the area last summer
翻译：去年夏天，一场严重的旱灾袭击了该地区。
Drought is one of the most common natural disasters in this country.
翻译：旱灾是这个国家最常见的自然灾害之一。
The government has taken measures to help farmers deal with the drought disaster.
翻译：政府已经采取措施帮助农民应对旱灾。
Scientists predict that climate change will lead to more frequent droughts in some regions.
翻译：科学家预测，气候变化将导致部分地区旱灾更加频繁。
landslide / l ndsla d/ n. 崩塌；滑坡
massive landslide 大规模滑坡
A heavy rain caused a landslide on the mountain road.
翻译：一场大雨导致了山路上的滑坡。
Landslides often happen after heavy storms in mountain areas.
翻译：山区的暴雨过后经常会发生滑坡。
slide vi.&vt. （使）滑行；滑动
slide /sla d/-slid /sl d/-slid /sl d/-sliding / sla d /
slip on the wet floor（意外）在湿地板上滑倒
Slider n.滑动器；滑行的人 / 物
The snake slid into the grass quietly.
翻译：那条蛇悄悄地溜进了草丛里。
tsunami /tsu nɑ mi/ n. 海啸
A strong earthquake caused a tsunami in the Indian Ocean.
翻译：一场强烈的地震在印度洋引发了海啸。
Tsunamis can travel thousands of kilometers across the ocean.
翻译：海啸可以在海洋中传播数千公里。
flood n. 洪水；大量
vi. 淹没；大量涌入
vt. 使灌满水；淹没
a flood of 大量的……
flood into 涌入
flood the market 充斥市场
A flood of tourists came to the town in summer.（n. 大量）
翻译：夏天，大量游客涌入了这座小镇。
Cheap products flooded the market, leading to a drop in prices.
翻译：廉价商品充斥市场，导致了物价下跌。
When she heard the good news, a flood of tears rolled down her cheeks.
翻译：听到这个好消息时，她热泪盈眶。
Memories of her childhood came back to her, bringing a flood of mixed feelings.
翻译：童年的回忆涌上心头，让她百感交集。
volcanic eruption 火山喷发
volcano /v l ke n /火山 volcanoes / volcanos
volcanic adj
Erupt / r pt/ （火山）喷发；（岩浆、气体等）喷出
eruption / r p n/n. 喷发；爆发
A volcanic eruption forced all the villagers to evacuate quickly.
翻译：一次火山喷发迫使所有村民迅速撤离。
Scientists have been monitoring the volcano closely to warn people of any possible volcanic eruption.
翻译：科学家们一直在密切监测这座火山，以便提醒人们防范任何可能发生的火山喷发。
magnitude / m ɡn tju d/ n. 震级；重大
magnitude：侧重 “规模、量级”，尤指自然现象强度或事物重要程度
importance：泛指 “重要性”，使用范围更广（可用于人、事、物）
The earthquake of magnitude 6.8 caused great damage.
6.8 级地震造成了巨大破坏。
The task is of great magnitude and requires careful planning.
这项任务极为重要，需要周密计划。
rescue / reskju / n.&vt. 营救；救援
rescue sb. from sth./sb.（从…… 中营救某人）
in rescue of（为营救……）
carry out a rescue（实施营救）
消防员从着火的大楼里救出了三个孩子。
The firefighters rescued three children from the burning building.
A rescue team arrived at the scene within 10 minutes.
救援队 10 分钟内赶到了现场。
damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
damages（复数形式）：法律上的 “赔偿金”
damage sth.（损害某物）
damage sb.’s reputation/health（损害某人的名誉 / 健康）
seriously/severely damage（严重损害）
do damage to sth.（对某物造成损害）
physical/economic/environmental damage（物质 / 经济 / 环境损失）
暴风雨损坏了村里数百所房屋。
The storm damaged hundreds of houses in the village.
The company suffered heavy economic damage from the crisis.
这家公司因危机遭受了严重的经济损失。
destroy /d str / vt. 摧毁；毁灭
destroy a city/village（摧毁城市 / 村庄）
destroy hopes/dreams/confidence（摧毁希望 / 梦想 / 信心）
destroy relationships/trust（破坏关系 / 信任）
His careless mistake destroyed all his hopes of success.
他的粗心错误摧毁了他所有的成功希望。
The big fire destroyed the ancient temple.
大火烧毁了那座古老的寺庙。
evacuate / v kjue t/ vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
evacuate sb. from sp.（从某地疏散 / 撤出某人）
evacuate safely（安全撤离）
evacuate from sp.（从某地撤离）
All students were evacuated to a safe place after the fire alarm went off.
火警响起后，所有学生都被疏散到了安全地点。
They had to evacuate from their homes because of the wildfire.
由于野火，他们不得不从家中撤离。
helicopter / hel k pt (r)/ n. 直升机
take a helicopter（乘坐直升机）
helicopter crash（直升机坠毁）
The rescue team arrived at the scene by helicopter.
（救援队乘直升机抵达现场。）
They used a helicopter to evacuate the injured hikers.
（他们用直升机撤离了受伤的徒步旅行者。）
death /deθ/ n. 死；死亡
die 的名词形式（die → death）
cause sb.'s death（导致某人死亡）
result in death（导致死亡）
the death of sb./sth.（某人 / 某物的死亡 / 消亡）
accidental death（意外死亡）
Smoking can lead to serious illness and even death.
（吸烟会导致重病甚至死亡。）
He saved the child at the risk of his own death.
（他冒着生命危险救了那个孩子。）
The death of traditional crafts is a great loss.
（传统工艺的消亡是一大损失。）
affect / fekt/ vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
affect sth. negatively/positively（对某物产生负面 / 正面影响）
be affected by（受…… 影响）
affect one’s mood/health/decision（影响某人的情绪 / 健康 / 决定）
be affected with a disease（感染某种疾病）
说出句子中affect 的含义：
The economic crisis has affected the employment rate of young people in many countries.
影响
The serious flu affected hundreds of students in the school, leading to the closure of some classes.
（疾病）侵袭
She was deeply affected by the selfless spirit of the volunteers when she watched the documentary.
深深打动
Long-term stress can affect a person’s sleep quality and mental health.
影响
shelter / elt (r)/ n. 避难处；居所；庇护
vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避
辨析句子中单词含义
1.After the flood, the local government set up temporary shelters for the homeless families.
n.避难处
2. The thick trees sheltered the villagers from the heavy rain and strong wind.
vt.保护；掩蔽
3. They had to shelter in a cave when the storm suddenly hit the mountain area.
vi.躲避
4. The old man found shelter in a small wooden house during the snowstorm.
n.居所；庇护处
crack /kr k/ n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi.&vt. （使）破裂
a crack in sth.（某物上的裂纹 / 裂缝）
crack a vase/window（打碎花瓶 / 窗户）
厨房窗户上有一条小裂缝
There’s a small crack in the kitchen window.
as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
引导方式状语从句或表语从句
例句 场景 从句动词形式
She acts as if she knew everything.
（她表现得好像什么都知道似的。→ 实际不知道） 与现在事实不符 过去式（be 动词用 were）
He talked as if he had been to Mars.
（他说得好像去过火星一样。→ 实际没去过） 与过去事实不符 had + 过去分词
It looks as if it might rain this evening.
（看起来今晚好像要下雨。→ 不确定） 与将来事实不符 would/could/might + 动词原形
It seems as if he is ill.
（他看起来好像病了。→ 可能真的生病） 陈述真实情况（表推测） 一般现在时 / 现在进行时
ruin / ru n/ n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
ruin：泛指 “破坏” 具体或抽象事物，强调毁坏后的状态。
destroy：强调彻底、毁灭性的破坏，难以修复，多用于具体事物。
damage：多指局部的、可修复的损坏。
The village lay in ruins after the earthquake.
形容具体事物
His plan was in ruins because of the sudden accident.
比喻抽象事物
percent /p sent/ n. 百分之…… adj.&adv. 每一百的
percent：强调具体比例，与数字连用
percentage：名词，意为 “百分比、百分率”，
one hundred percent 百分之百；完全
increase by ... percent 增长百分之……
decrease by ... percent 减少百分之……
brick /br k/ n. 砖；砖块
a brick wall 砖墙
toy bricks 积木
The little boy spent hours playing with his toy bricks.
She dropped a brick when she mentioned his ex-girlfriend in the conversation.
drop a brick （口语）失言；说错话
metal / metl/ n. 金属
heavy metal 重金属
metal products 金属制品
metal industry 金属工业
The machine is made of metal.
表泛指 “金属”（不可数）
Gold and silver are precious metals.
表具体 “某种金属”（可数）
shock / k/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. （使）震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
shocked adj. 感到震惊的（主语为人）
shocking adj. 令人震惊的（主语为事物）
shock sb.
be shocked at
be shocked by sth.
某人很震惊
After hearing the result, she just stood there in shock.
表 “情绪上的震惊”
The victim was found lying on the ground in shock.
表 “医学上的休克”
electricity / lek tr s ti/ n. 电；电能
electric adj. 电动的
electrical adj. 与电有关的
electrician n. 电工；电气技师
produce/generate electricity 发电
supply electricity 供电
cut off electricity 切断电源
save electricity 节约用电
electricity supply 电力供应
electricity bill 电费账单
Electricity plays an important role in our daily life.
The small village has no access to electricity.
trap /tr p/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
过去式 / 过去分词：trapped；现在分词：trapping
The police realized it was a trap set by the criminals as soon as they entered the building. ( )
③
The explorer fell into a hidden trap and couldn’t climb out easily. ( )
②
Many young people get into a financial trap because of overspending with credit cards. ( )
①
She warned her friend not to fall into the trap of believing everything on the Internet. ( )
③
选择 trap 的正确词义（① 险境；困境 ② 陷阱；捕捉器 ③ （诱骗他人的）圈套），将序号填在括号内。
bury / beri/ vt. 埋葬；安葬
引申义：① 隐藏；埋藏 ② 埋头于；专心于
过去式 / 过去分词 buried；现在分词 burying
bury the dead 埋葬死者
bury one's head in the sand 逃避现实；掩耳盗铃
be buried alive 被活埋；忙得不可开交
bury oneself in sth. / bury oneself in doing sth.=devote oneself to sth. /focus on doing sth.
She buried her secret in her heart for many years.
她把这个秘密藏在心里很多年了。
The scientist buried himself in the research and ignored the outside world.
这位科学家全身心投入研究，忽略了外界的一切。
专心于，致力于
concentrate on doing
focus on doing
bury oneself in=be buried in doing
be absorbed in doing
be lost in doing
devote oneself to=be devoted to doing
breathe /bri / vi.&vt. 呼吸
breath 名词
breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
breathe freely/easily 呼吸顺畅
breathe life into sth. 给…… 注入活力
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
The new manager breathed life into the struggling company.
新经理给这家岌岌可危的公司注入了活力。
We breathed a sigh of relief when we heard the good news.
听到好消息时，我们松了一口气。
revive /r va v/ vt.&vi. 复活；（使）苏醒
revival /r va vl/ n. 振兴；复苏
revive the economy 振兴经济
economic revival 经济复苏
cultural revival 文化复兴
The government is trying to revive the declining industry.
政府正试图振兴这个日渐衰落的行业。
We are witnessing a revival of traditional crafts.
我们正见证传统手工艺的复兴。
动词变名词
survive ----survival n. 幸存；生还
revive ----revival n. 振兴；复苏
arrive ----arrival n. 到达
propose---- proposal n. 提议，建议
approve----- approval n. 批准，认可
effort / ef t/ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
put effort into sth. 在某事上付出努力
with effort 费力地；艰难地
without effort 毫不费力地
The government took measures in an effort to reduce pollution.
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
You should make an effort to improve your pronunciation.
try one's best to do sth.
unify / ju n fa / vi.&vt. 统一；（使）成一体
unification / ju n f ke n/n. 统一；联合
unified / ju n fa d/adj. 统一的；一致的
unify a country/nation 统一国家
unify standards/rules 统一标准 / 规则
unify opinions/views 统一意见 / 观点
unify ... into ... 把…… 统一成……
The leader’s goal was to unify the country after the war.
这位领导人的目标是在战后实现国家统一。
We need to unify our opinions before the meeting starts.
我们需要在会议开始前统一意见。
wisdom / w zd m/ n. 智慧；才智
wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的
wisely adv. 明智地；聪明地
the wisdom of ... …… 的智慧 / 明智之处
common wisdom 普遍共识；常识性看法
The old man shared his wisdom with the young generation.
这位老人把自己的智慧分享给了年轻一代。
Common wisdom says that hard work leads to success.
人们普遍认为，努力就会成功。
context / k ntekst/ n. 上下文；语境；背景
in the context of 在…… 的语境中
from the context 从上下文来看
in the historical context 在历史背景下
in the social context 在社会环境中
You can guess the meaning of the new word from the context
你可以通过上下文猜测这个生词的含义。
The book provides a clear context for understanding cultural differences
这本书为理解文化差异提供了清晰的背景。
suffer / s f (r)/vi./vt. 受苦；遭受；经历
名词：suffering（痛苦；苦难）
suffer from a cold（患感冒）
suffer from heart disease（患有心脏病）
suffer from loneliness（饱受孤独之苦）
suffer from stress（承受压力）
suffer pain（承受痛苦）
suffer an accident（遭遇事故）
He suffered a serious injury in the car crash.
他在车祸中受了重伤。
The people suffered a lot during the war.
人们在战争中损失惨重
supply /s pla /n./vt. 供应量；补给；[pl.] 补给品；供应；供给
Provide/offer/supply sb. with sth.
Provide/offer/ supply sth. to sb.
provide是普通性提供 offer侧重主动自愿 supply是长期稳定提供
The government promised to supply the homeless people ______ food and tents.
with
Fresh water and medical ______ (supply) were sent to the flood-stricken area immediately.
supplies
Due to the bad weather, the supply ______ gasoline in this region has been cut off temporarily.
of
typhoon /ta fu n/n. 台风
hit/strike a typhoon 遭遇台风
a severe/strong typhoon 强台风
hurricane 飓风 / h r k n/ n.
storm 暴风雨
台风通常会带来暴雨和强风。
Typhoons often bring heavy rain and strong winds.
当地政府已为即将到来的台风做好了准备。
The local government has made preparations for the coming typhoon.
survive /s va v/vi./vt. 幸存；活下来；挺过
survive +accident, disaster, fire, illness 幸存于survivor /s va v (r)/n. 幸存者；生还者
survival /s va vl/n. 生存；幸存；残存物
survive sb. (by + 时间段)比某人活得久
他比妻子多活了十年
He survived his wife by ten years.
她去年在一场严重的车祸中幸存下来。
She survived a serious car crash last year
power / pa (r)/n./vt. 电力；权力；力量；供电；驱动
power cut 停电 power supply 供电
come to power 掌权
power the development 推动发展
将句子中 power 的词义与选项对应）A. 电力 B. 权力 C. 力量 D. 强国 E. 驱动
The power of love can heal a broken heart.
This new battery can power your phone for 3 days.
The government in power has made a series of new policies.
Japan is an economic power in Asia.
We need to save power by turning off lights when leaving.
E
B
D
A
C
tap /t p/n./vi./vt. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
turn on/off the tap（打开 / 关上水龙头）
tap at/on sth.（轻叩某物）
give sb./sth. a tap（轻拍某人 / 某物）
I gave him a tap on the shoulder to get his attention.
（我轻轻拍了拍他的肩膀提醒他。）
The teacher tapped the desk to quiet the students.
（老师轻敲桌子让学生们安静下来。）
pipe /pa p/n. 管子；管道
water pipe 水管
gas pipe 燃气管
oil pipe 输油管
Workers are laying new pipes to improve the city's water supply system.
（工人们正在铺设新管道，完善城市供水系统。）
She plays the pipe very well and often performs in the school band.
管乐器”（如长笛、单簧管等）
whistle / w sl/n./vi./vt. 哨子；呼啸声；吹口哨；呼啸
blow a whistle（吹哨）
the whistle of the wind（风的呼啸声）
The whistle of the train could be heard in the distance
（远处传来了火车的鸣笛声。）
The kettle whistled when the water boiled
（水烧开时，水壶发出了鸣笛声。）
emergency /i m d nsi/n./adj. 突发事件；紧急情况；紧急的
emergency supplies 应急物资
emergency exit 紧急出口
emergency services应急救援
He was sent to the emergency room after the car accident.
We should keep some emergency supplies at home, such as flashlights and water.
The company held an emergency meeting to discuss the crisis.
Please remember the location of the emergency exit before taking the plane.
calm /kɑ m/adj./vt./vi. 镇静的；沉着的；使平静；使镇静
calm sea（平静的海面）
calm weather（晴朗无风的天气）
calm down（平静下来）
calm 知识点专项练习题
When facing danger, it is important ______ (keep) calm and think of a way out.
The mother tried her best ______ (calm) her crying baby down by singing a lullaby.
After the storm, the sea became as ______ (calm) as a mirror.
to keep
to calm
calm
aid /e d/n./vi./vt. 援助；帮助；救援物资；帮助；援助
in aid of 为了帮助……（表目的）
with the aid of 在…… 的帮助下
come to one’s aid 前来援助某人
medical aids 医疗援助物资
专项练习题
The local government provided food and clothing as ______ (aid) for the flood victims.
With the aid ______ modern technology, we can communicate with people anywhere.
A group of doctors and nurses went to the poor area to aid ______ medical work.
It is important for students to learn basic ______ (first aid) skills to save lives.
aid
of
in
first aid
kit /k t/n. 成套工具；成套设备
first aid kit 短语 急救箱
We need a first-aid kit in case of emergencies
（我们需要一个急救箱以备不时之需。）
My father bought a new car repair kit to fix small problems with our car
Hikers should carry a survival kit including a compass, a flashlight and some food
This drawing kit contains pencils, erasers, and watercolor paints.
on hand 短语 现有；在手边
at hand时间临近
in hand正在处理中
on the spot在现场
Keep a dictionary at hand while you’re reading.
Several doctors were in attendance at the conference.
crash /kr /vt./vi./n. 碰撞；撞击；撞车；碰撞事故
crash into sth. 撞上某物
crash against sth. 撞击某物
A truck crashed into a tree by the road yesterday.
（昨天一辆卡车撞上了路边的树。）
The plane crashed in the mountains, and no one survived.
（飞机在山区坠毁，无人生还。）
sweep away 短语 冲走；扫除
感知短语的用法
The flood swept away several houses in the village.
Many trees were swept away by the strong typhoon.
Be careful— the fast-moving river could sweep you away.
She swept away the fallen leaves in the yard.
The good news swept away all our worries.
wave /we v/n./vi./vt. 波浪；挥手；挥动；波动
感知用法
The children are playing in the waves on the beach.
A huge wave crashed against the shore and soaked our clothes.
She gave me a wave as she got on the bus.
I responded with a wave when I saw my friend across the street.
A wave of excitement swept through the crowd when the star appeared.
The new policy caused a wave of protests across the country.
The stock prices have been waving up and down this week
（明星出现时，一阵兴奋的浪潮席卷了人群。）
（这项新政策在全国引发了一阵抗议浪潮。）
（本周股票价格一直起伏波动。）
strike /stra k/vt./vi./n. 袭击；击打；罢工；袭击；罢工
过去式：struck
过去分词：struck / stricken（后者多用于抽象或被动语境）
现在分词：striking
A severe typhoon struck last night, causing great damage.
The enemy struck the village at dawn.
The area was struck by an earthquake last month.
He struck the table angrily with his fist.
The ship struck against a rock and sank slowly.
The workers struck for better working conditions.
The workers are planning a strike next week.
It struck me that I had left my keys at school.
It strikes sb. that...（某人突然想到……
They struck up a conversation on the train.
他们在火车上聊了起来。
deliver /d l v (r)/vt./vi. 递送；传达；发表；分娩
deliver a package/letter/parcel 投递包裹 / 信件
deliver a message/information 传达信息
deliver one’s thanks/apology 转达谢意 / 歉意
deliver a speech/lecture/address 发表演讲 / 发表演说
The president delivered an important speech on national TV yesterday.
The professor will deliver a lecture on environmental protection next week.
The doctor delivered three babies in one night.
判断每个句子中 deliver 的具体词义A. 递送 B. 传达 C. 发表 D. 接生 / 分娩
The postman delivers newspapers to our building every morning. ( )
The manager asked me to deliver his apology to the customers. ( )
The scientist delivered a report on AI technology at the conference yesterday. ( )
It took the doctor two hours to deliver the woman of a healthy baby girl. ( )
This online store delivers fresh vegetables to customers' doors for free. ( )
The teacher delivered a warning to the students who broke the school rules. ( )
A
B
C
D
A
B
summary / s m ri/n./adj. 总结；概要；总结性的；概括的
The teacher asked us to write a summary of the passage after reading.
In summary, we need to improve our teamwork to finish the project on time.
She gave a brief summary of the meeting for those who were absent.
The manager presented a summary report of the company’s annual performance.
Please summarize the main points of the speech in three sentences.
effect / fekt/n./vt. 影响；结果；效果；使发生；实现
The new traffic rules will take effect next month.
The two methods are in effect the same.
The heavy rain didn’t ______ the sports meeting held indoors.
What ______ did the new regulation have on small businesses
Pollution can ______ people’s respiratory health seriously.
The medicine will take ______ in about 20 minutes.
The government is trying to ______ a major change in the tax system.
用 affect 或 effect 的适当形式填空
affect
effect
affect
effect
effect
length /le θ/n. 长度；篇幅
He gave a lengthy speech at the ceremony.
We need to lengthen the meeting by 10 minutes.
The river is 300 kilometers in length.
She needs a length of rope to tie the box.
This desk is twice the length of that one.
The teacher asked us to cut down the length of the essay to 800 words.
（老师要求我们把作文篇幅缩减到 800 字。）
The professor explained the theory at length in the lecture.
（教授在讲座中详细讲解了这个理论。）
ThANK
YOU!
人教版必修一词汇讲解

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