外研版2019选择性必修四Unit 4 Everyday economics单元测试A卷(含解析,含听力原文无音频)

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外研版2019选择性必修四Unit 4 Everyday economics单元测试A卷(含解析,含听力原文无音频)

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Unit 4 单元测试卷 A
(考试时间:120 分钟 试卷满分:150 分)
注意事项:
1 .答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2 .回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3 .考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1 .How will the woman probably book the ticket
A .By phone. B .By Internet. C .By travel agent.
2 .How much will the man pay
A .$20. B .$80. C .$100.
3 .How will the woman pay
A .In cash. B .By credit card. C .By cheque.
4 .What does the woman remind the man to do
A.Pay by cash. B.Pay the previous late fee. C.Pay the credit card bill on time.
5 .What will the woman do
A .Pay her own bill. B .Check all the bills. C .Settle all the bills.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
6 .What are the speakers talking about
A .The latest fashion. B .Shopping preferences. C .A healthy lifestyle.
试卷第 1 页,共 14 页
7 .What does the woman like to shop for
A .Clothes. B .Shoes. C .Books.
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
8 .Where does the conversation take place
A .At a hotel. B .At a restaurant. C .At a shop.
9 .How will the man pay the bill
A .In cash. B .By check. C .By credit card.
10 .What is the man going to do
A .Catch a flight. B .See a customer off. C .Make a phone call.
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
11 .For what does the man have to wear glasses
A .Driving. B .Reading. C .Working.
12 .What does the woman think of the glasses
A .Cheap. B .Strong. C .Heavy.
13 .How will the man pay
A .By credit card. B .By WeChat Pay. C .In cash.
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
14 .What’s the man’s phone number
A .616-3564. B .661-3564. C .661-3546.
15 .Where did the man see the pictures of the furniture
A .On the Internet. B .In the shop. C .In a brochure.
16 .What’s the man’s choice of sofa
A .Three pieces, yellow. B .Four pieces, yellow. C .Three pieces, white.
17 .How will the man pay for the furniture
A .By credit card. B .By check. C .In cash.
听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。
试卷第 2 页,共 14 页
18 .When was Benjamin Franklin appointed as head of the postal service in America
A .In 1715. B .In 1575. C .In 1775.
19 .What does the passage mainly talk about
A .The problems the USPS meets.
B .How to make a lot of money.
C .The method to arrange the retired people.
20 .What can we learn from the passage
A .USPS is newly formed in America.
B .Only by making major change can the problem be solved.
C .USPS can pay any payment of health care for future retirees.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A Credit: Amazon This reading light clips (夹子) onto the top corner of a book, lighting up the page without the need to turn on a room’s main lights. Your partner, then, can carry on sleeping while you read. This clip on light gives off a warm, soft light, allowing a reader to gently go back to sleep without being awakened further by bright light. B (
Credit: Amazon
) The bookmarks in this pack of 12 are all magnetic ( 有 磁 性 的 ) allowing you to clip them onto a page without worrying they will get lost or crease the page. They also come in a range of colours which means they be paired with any book.
试卷第 3 页,共 14 页
C Credit: Amazon If you have a child who loves reading, then encouraging their imagination is so important. This book lamp, aimed for children, allows them to read in bed. The lamp is shaped like a book and has glowing (发光的) pages, like a magical book from a fantasy novel. It’s a great tool for both making reading easier and for showing the magic of reading. D
Credit: Amazon
When we go for a day out, often we take a book with us for the train or the bus journey. A tote bag can hold your books, while keeping you stylish and up-to-date with modern trends. Tote bags re the bag of the 2020s so far, being used by everyone from students to office workers across the country.
21 .What is an advantage of Item A
A .It can give character to a room. B .It can protect books from harm.
C .It can help readers go back to sleep gently. D .It is both a stylish and practical choice.
22 .Which is specially designed for children
A .The reading light. B .The bookmarks. C .The book lamp. D .The tote bag.
23 .What do the four items have in common
A .They are all provided by Amazon. B .They are books related to imagination.
C .They are of good quality and expensive. D .They are great gifts for those who love to travel.
B
A Scottish dairy, or milk cow farm, is offering what it calls Britain’s costliest coffee: one cup for $344. It is a huge price for a little cup of coffee, but the man selling it offers a deal
sweetener: a share of a dairy farm.
The costly cup of coffee is actually a reward for purchasing shares in Mossgiel Organic Dairy’s crowdfunding campaign to enlarge its sustainable operation and produce more milk.
试卷第 4 页,共 14 页
Investors who buy 34 shares in the farm get a certificate for a special coffee drink called a flat white. Holders can present their certificate and get their flat white at one of 13 coffee shops in Scotland that use the dairy’s milk.
Shareholders receive other rewards, too, such as farm tours, milk delivery discounts and invitations to special events. But investors are also given a standard warning that they could lose some or all ofthe money they invest-except for the coffee.
Before launching the coffee promotion, Bryce Cunningham, the owner of the dairy farm, had already raised more than a third of the 300,000 pounds he is seeking from small investors as he tries to get a 900,000-pound loan that will help him double operations and expand from
Scotland and as far as coffee shops in London.
The farm in Mauchline, about 25 miles south of Glasgow, was worked in the 18th century by poet Robert Burns, who penned Auld Lang Syne and many other well-known works. Burns,
who is considered the national poet of Scotland, wrote while working in the fields there for two years and the image of his face is printed on each bottle of Mossgiel milk.
Todd Whiteford, one of the owners of The Good Coffee Cartel in Glasgow that is serving the costly cups, says they’ve been using Mossgiel’s milk for several years and other milk
producers cannot match the quality of Mossgiel’s milk. “It makes rounder, smoother and sweeter drinks. Theirs is the best. I’ll argue with anyone about that,” Whiteford says.
24 .Why is the coffee priced at $344
A .The cost of making it is extremely high. B .There is an extreme shortage of coffee beans.
C .Scottish people are fond of expensive coffee. D .It’s a marketing strategy to attract investors.
25 .What can we infer from paragraph 3
A .The share price of the farm will drop soon. B .The coffee shops may go out of business.
C .The farm’s operation may have risks. D .The milk production will face big problems.
26 .Why does the author mention Robert Burns
A .To stress the farm was a popular writing place. B .To show the farm’s farming techniques are outdated.
C.To indicate the poet promoted the dairy’s products. D.To add cultural and historical charm to the dairy.
27 .What do Todd Whiteford’s words suggest about Mossgiel’s milk
试卷第 5 页,共 14 页
A .It gives the coffee a competitive edge. B .It has a unique production method.
C .It will soon dominate the market. D .It is difficult to produce in large quantities.
C
A groundbreaking study from the University of New South Wales predicts that global GDP could drop by 40% by 2100 if temperatures rise by 4℃ — far higher than earlier estimates of
11%. The research, led by the Institute for Climate Risk & Response, highlights the problems in existing climate-economic models and urges immediate policy changes.
Earlier models underestimated climate risks. Dr. Timothy Neal, lead researcher, explains, “Past studies assumed countries could manage climate impacts alone. But today’s economy relies on global networks. A disaster in one region — like floods shutting factories — can cause
shortages and job losses worldwide.” For instance, extreme heat damaging crops in one country could raise food prices globally, while storms affecting shipping routes could stop production in distant industries.
The findings support limiting warming to 1.7℃, which is in line with the Paris Agreement and far lower than 2.7℃ backed by previous models. “Old assumptions made severe climate
change seem manageable, which shaped weak policies,” Dr. Neal says.
The study also challenges the idea that colder nations like Russia or Canada might benefit from milder winters. “Even if farming improves in some areas, supply chain failures and global market crashes will erase those gains,” Dr. Neal notes. No country, he adds, can fully escape
climate-related economic harm.
However, the research does not address adaptation strategies, such as relocating
communities or developing climate-resistant infrastructure(基础设施). Dr. Neal admits these
factors are hard to predict due to political and practical challenges. “We’re already seeing climate
impacts — higher food costs, unaffordable insurance and damaged infrastructure. These real-world effects must guide our decisions,” he says.
The study calls for urgent global cooperation to accelerate emission reductions and protect supply chains.Governments and businesses now face pressure to invest in renewable energy,
strengthen international trade agreements and prepare for climate-driven breakdowns. “Every year of delayed action raises costs and risks,”Dr. Neal warns. “Rapid decarbonization isn’t just about
试卷第 6 页,共 14 页
saving the planet — it’s about saving our economy.”
28 .What can we say about earlier climate-economic models
A.They overestimated climate risks. B.They didn’t consider global interconnectedness.
C .They highlighted some climate benefits. D .They provided solutions for each country.
29 .What consequence did previous climate-economic models bring according to the text
A .They led to weak policies. B .They increased farming profits.
C .They delayed relocating communities. D .They strengthened international cooperation.
30 .What is Dr. Neal emphasizing in the last paragraph
A .The advantages of milder winters. B .The significance of renewable energy.
C .The problems with adaptation strategies. D .The urgency of addressing climate change.
31 .What is the best title for the text
A .Climate Change Damages Agricultural Output
B .Global Economy Will Face 40% Loss Under 4℃ Warming
C .Colder Nations: The Big Winners in Climate Change
D .Previous Climate-Economic Models: A Reliable Guide
D
Every Wednesday, retiree Zhang Zhili travels an hour by bus to an education center, drawn by the pulsing rhythms ofthe African drum she plays there in a classroom filled with fellow
retirees whose hands move together, every beat lifting her spirits.
Many older Chinese are looking beyond traditional nursing homes, afraid of abandonment by their families and quality issues. That’s driving a boom in universities, home care services, and communities catering to older adults. Though some providers struggle to turn a profit, they persist because they see promise in the growing market.
China has a rapidly aging population. Last year, about 297 million people were aged 60 or above, over one-fifth of the population. By 2035, this number is forecast to go beyond 400
million, or over 30% of all Chinese.
That’s fueling growth in services and products aimed at older adults in what Beijing calls the silver economy, which is expected to grow from about 7 trillion yuan (about $982 billion)
currently to approximately 30 trillion yuan (about $4.2 trillion) in 2035, raising its share in the
试卷第 7 页,共 14 页
economy from about 6% to roughly 10%, Hu Zuquan, a researcher at the State Information
Center, a public institution linked to with China’s main planning agency, told state media. The government is expanding basic care services to all elderly people in need, moving beyond its traditional focus on those without family support.
Various companies are looking to grab a slice of this government-backed market. Property developers like Vanke Co. and Sino-Ocean Group and insurance companies such as Taikang
Insurance Group have built high-end communities for older adults with amenities such as movie-screening and mahjong rooms and dining services.
Still, questions remain about the spending power of many older Chinese. China’s silver economy is still in its early stage, said Gary Ng, a senior economist at Natixis Corporate and Investment Banking. “There are prospects here, but it seems there’s still much that needs to be done,” he said.
32 .What can be inferred about Zhang Zhili from the first paragraph
A .She seeks joy and socializes with others.
B .She learns a new skill and prepares for future employment.
C .She struggles with loneliness and relies on her family for support.
D .She prioritizes exercise and improves her physical health.
33 .What is the main reason for the rise of the silver economy
A .China’s rapidly aging population creating market demand.
B .Technological advancements in elderly care products.
C .Government restrictions on traditional nursing homes.
D .A cultural shift toward valuing individualism over family care.
34 .What did Gary Ng think about China’s silver economy
A .It has already reached maturity and requires no further investment.
B .It faces challenges with rural gaps and unstable profits.
C .It targets urban wealthy and ignores ordinary seniors.
D .It shows potential but significant efforts remain necessary.
35 .Which of the following is the best title for the article
A .The Challenges of Silver Economy in China
B .The Reason for Silver Economy in Chinese Society
试卷第 8 页,共 14 页
C .The Impact of the Silver Economy in China
D .The Rise of the Silver Economy in China
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In recent times, a unique force known as “Elderly Power” has been emerging and growing in significance. The elderly are our grandparents and those who have lived through many years. 36 . They have seen society change and know how to handle different problems. For example, some retired engineers in a community help make better facilities. They use their knowledge to
make the community nicer and more convenient.
Also, the elderly are usually very patient. 37 . They can tell interesting historical tales and pass on traditional cultures. Some retired teachers volunteer to help students with
learning difficulties. Their teaching is kind and useful, helping students do better and become more confident.
38 . As the number of old people increases, the “Silver Economy” has come up.
They need special things in health care, travel, and daily life. 39 . Special travel agencies for the elderly create nice travel routes. Their spending makes related industries grow and brings new business chances, which helps the economy and makes the market more diverse.
We should respect and value “Elderly Power”. We should talk more with the elderly, listen to them, and learn from their wisdom. 40 .
A .They like to teach the young
B .Let’s work together with them to build a more wonderful society
C .They possess a great deal of experience
D .For instance, there are more health products and services for them
E .Some old people like to travel around the world
F .The elderly have a big influence on the economy, too
G .However, the elderly spend too much on travel
试卷第 9 页,共 14 页
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分 30 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I wasn’t prepared for the way I felt when my 18-year-old son, Dylan, left for Asia during his winter break.
I was the moment he first told my husband Michael and me that he wanted to use some of his to travel around China. We were excited for him to explore the world. We told him that traveling was one of the best ways to spend his money and the would last a lifetime.
On the morning of Dylan’s departure, he put a few more things into his bag. Before he and Michael to the airport, I yelled, “Be safe, and when you arrive in Shanghai.”
That night while he was flying somewhere over the Pacific Ocean, it hit me that Dylan was really on his . I woke hourly, each time the clock and counting the hours
before he would land the following morning. my decision to let him go alone, I prayed and thought about all the things that could go . Then I heard for him. The first text said he’d arrived. The second text said his luggage didn’t make it.
Feeling anxious, I madly attempted to his luggage. To search for lost baggage, I
persuaded him to go back to the airport and suggested he go to the airline’s office. My efforts . All the while Dylan was texting me he was all right.
After that, there was no more about lost luggage. I knew that he’d figure it out, and that the life lesson would be .
After several days into the trip, Dylan sent a photo from Hong Kong. “I thought I could
never study abroad anywhere but Europe, I could definitely do it here,” his note read.
And I was .
41 .A .thrilled B .worried C .eager D .upset
42 .A .skills B .savings C .relations D .friends
43 .A .costs B .virtues C .items D .memories
44 .A .gave off B .saw off C .pulled away D .ran away
45 .A .write B .call C .text D .email
试卷第 10 页,共 14 页
46 .A .behalf B .feet C .mind D .own
47 .A .mending B .checking C .setting D .winding
48 .A .Convincing B .Doubting C .Admitting D .Denying
49 .A .wrong B .wild C .smooth D .bad
50 .A .bring down B .turn down C .settle down D .track down
51 .A .failed B .worked C .paid D .lost
52 .A .presentation B .talk C .appearance D .rumor
53 .A .awful B .unbearable C .deep D .worthless
54 .A .or B .so C .and D .but
55 .A .in despair B .at a loss C .at peace D .in reality
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
Surrounded by roses as she was growing up, Zhang Yue paid them little attention. It was
only after 56 (graduate) from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential and decided to return to her hometown and grow roses, 57 surprised
many people. “I wanted to experience the freedom of being 58 (I) own boss,” she said. “But I also wanted to give something back to my home town.” The road to success is a long and difficult one, with many 59 (challenge) along the way. The 60 (big) challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for her company, which was totally outside her experience. She 61 (overcome) a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today. Now her product is one of the best in Asia. This year, she can pay all her fellow workers 62 decent
bonus. Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic
and 63 (seek) guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. “ 64 (succeed) in business, you need more than a good idea, hard work and determination. What 65 (real) matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills.
You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with,” says Zhang.
试卷第 11 页,共 14 页
第四部分 写作(满分 40 分)
第一节、书信写作
66 .组句成篇
1. 众所周知,移动支付在中国已经成为一种趋势。
2. 一方面,移动支付方便又有效率。
3. 我们可以只带一部手机而不是很多现金。
4. 这节省了我们很多时间并避免了很多麻烦。
5. 另一方面,移动支付在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。
6. 我们用移动支付来支付账单、订票等等。
7. 总之,移动支付几乎适用于所有事情,并真的改变了我们的生活。提示:
1.用 make it possible 来合并句 2 和句 3,句 4 变定语从句。
2.用 like(比如)来合并句 5 和句 6,适当增加过渡词等。
第二节 读后续写
67 .阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In the cold and plain living room, Matt is sitting in his chair. His eyes don’t shine anyone.
He looks extremely old and weak. Today is his birthday, and he is by himself. The only thing that he has been doing all day is thinking about how sad and lonely his life is. As he was looking at
some old pictures, he found one special with him and his friends from college. This picture
brought back the days when he had friends and his life was full of happiness. Also, it brought him a sad memory. This memory happened forty years ago, during his last year of college.
Throughout college, Matt had a friend named Mark. Mark was tall and skinny. He wore
thick glasses. He was shy, smart and responsible. Also, Mark didn’t have as many friends as Matt
试卷第 12 页,共 14 页
had. He considered Matt as his best friend. As good friends, they knew everything about each other, and they hung out. Also, they overcame many problems together. They were really good friends.
On his twenty-fourth birthday their life changed. On the night before his birthday, Mark
called Matt, “Hi! Matt,” his voice sounded strange. He continued, “I have an important project to work on. I’m having some problems with this. Maybe, you could come over and help me with it giving me some new ideas. Could you ” Matt asked, “What time ” Mark kept in silence for a
minute, then he said, “At 8 p. m. Is it good for you ” Then Matt answered, “OK! See you later.” At that night, it was Matt’s birthday. So, he didn’t want to spend his birthday helping Mark with his project, Matt went to a club with some other guys.
The next morning, Matt noticed that Mark was acting differently. When he went to talk to Mark, Mark ignored him completely. He left the classroom without saying one word. As Mark was walking away, Matt said in an angry voice, “You are selfish. You are just thinking about
yourself. I was having fun on my birthday. Why can’t you understand it ”
注意:1.续写的词数应为 150 左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Para. 1:
While he was saying it, Mallory, one of his classmates and friends, stood up and started to say,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Para. 2:
Tears fell from his eyes.
_______________________________________________________________________________
试卷第 13 页,共 14 页
_______________________________________________________________________________
试卷第 14 页,共 14 页
1 .B
【原文】W: Will I have to go to a travel agent to get the plane ticket
M: You could or you could do it by phone. The best and the cheapest way is on the net.
2 .B
【原文】M: How much is that in total
W: $ 100. But if you have a membership card, a 20% discount is offered.
M: Great, here is my membership card.
3 .B
【原文】M: That table is 200. How will you pay
W: Do you accept cheques
M: No, but you can pay by credit card or in cash.
W: OK. I’ve got my credit card with me today.
4 .C
【原文】M: Honey, I’ll pay by the credit card.
W: Okay, sure, but don’t forget to pay the credit card bill on time to keep your credit good. You got a late fee last time, remember
5 .A
【原文】W: Waiter, could we have the bill please
M: Can I put it all on one bill
W: No, we’d prefer separate checks
6 .B 7 .B
【原文】M: Hello there. I’m doing a survey on shopping for Modern Life magazine. Could I ask you if you have a credit card
W: Yes. Actually, I have two.
M: Do you use them when you go shopping
W: I usually have enough cash at the beginning of the month, but towards the end of the month, I mostly use my credit cards.
M: Oh, now I see your point. And what types of things do you enjoy shopping for Clothes, books, food
W: Oh, shoes, definitely. I have a wall for my shoes.
答案第 1 页,共 13 页
8 .A 9 .C 10 .B
【原文】W: Can I help you, sir
M: I’d like to pay my bill now.
W: Your name and room number, please
M: Jack Johnson, Room 1802.
W: Yes, Mr. Johnson. Have you used any of the hotel services
M: No, I haven’t used any of the hotel services. Oh, I remember. I asked for a wake-up call today. But I thought it was included.
W: OK. This is your bill. Three nights at 150 dollars each, including meals. That makes a total of 450 dollars. How would you like to pay We accept cash, credit card and check.
M: By credit card.
W: OK. May I have your credit card, please
M: Here you are.
W: Please sign your name here. By the way, I’d like to tell you the checkout is 12:00 noon.
M: Oh, but I have to go to the airport to see my customer off. He will catch the 11 o’clock flight. Thank you, anyway.
W: You’re welcome.
11 .A 12 .B 13 .B
【原文】W: I think you’re going to need to wear glasses er not all the time and not so much for reading or close work but for driving!
M: Yes, I thought that was probably the case.
W: So now you need to choose a pair of glasses.
M: Let me see. This pair looks nice on me.
W: They are a little more expensive but far less likely t to break than those over there. Well, I will have them ready for you next Monday. And you can pay for them when you pick them up.
M: How can I pay
W: Cash, credit cards, WeChat Pay , all the same to us, but there will be a slight charge if you pay by credit card.
M: Oh, it bothers me to draw some money, so I choose the last one if you don’t mind.
W: No problem.
答案第 2 页,共 13 页
14 .B 15 .A 16 .C 17 .C
【原文】W: Good morning, Redwood Furniture Shop. Can I help you
M: Yes. I’d like to order a set of furniture for my new house, please. Can you deliver it to my home
W: Sure! Just let me get the order form here and I’ll take down your information. Can I have your name please
M: Bill Dutton. My phone number is 661-3564.
W: OK, got it. And have you looked through the pictures of our furniture on the Internet
M: Of course. Now, may I tell you the number of each piece of furniture
W: Yes. I will write them down. Please go ahead.
M: A white yellow double bed, picture No. 5; a sofa, three pieces, white, No. 4; a light red bookcase, No. 8; a round yellow dinner table with 4 chairs, No. 10. Oh, that’s all.
W: OK. I have written them down. Now, where would you like them delivered
M: My address is No. 366, Zhongshan Road. Is tomorrow OK
W: Let me check. Yes, tomorrow we are available. But how will you pay, cash or credit card
M: Cash. Please bring a receipt when you deliver them.
W: OK. Then see you tomorrow.
M: See you.
18 .C 19 .A 20 .B
【原文】
The United States Postal Service, or USPS, has a long history in America. Benjamin
Franklin was appointed as the first head of the postal service, in 1775. However, the Postal
Service says its income has not kept up with growing costs nowadays. The service says most of its recent losses result from making payments to its health care program for retired people. About a
billion dollars of the loss is payments for injured workers. The news from April to June was not all bad. Improvements in the economy added a 9% increase in income from shipping and delivery.
Because it is less costly to send letters and packages in the mail than to use private companies. To improve its financial health, the agency has proposed cutting service on Saturdays. It also wants Congress to cancel a requirement that the postal service makes advance payments to the health
care program for retired workers. On August 1st, USPS failed to make a required payment of 5.5
答案第 3 页,共 13 页
billion dollars for health care benefits for future retirees. It is the first time the postal service has ever failed to make such a payment. And, without major changes, it will continue to lose billions of dollars a year.
21 .C 22 .C 23 .A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四件与读书有关的商品。
21.细节理解题。根据 A 部分“This clip on light gives off a warm, soft light, allowing a reader to gently go back to sleep without being awakened further by bright light.(这个灯夹发出温暖柔和的光,让读者轻轻回到睡眠中,而不会被强光进一步唤醒)”可知,A 项的优势是可以帮助读者轻轻入睡。故选 C。
22 .细节理解题。根据 Item C 中“If you have a child who loves reading, then encouraging their imagination is so important.(如果你有一个喜欢阅读的孩子,那么鼓励他们的想象力是非常重要的)”可知,书灯是专门为儿童设计的。故选 C。
23 .细节理解题。根据这四件商品的 Credit: Amazon 可知, 这四个东西的共同之处是都是亚马逊提供的。故选 A。
24 .D 25 .C 26 .D 27 .A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了苏格兰一家奶牛场推出售价 344 美元一杯的咖啡,这是吸引投资者的营销策略,同时还介绍了农场的相关情况。
24 .细节理解题。根据第一段“A Scottish dairy, or milk cow farm, is offering what it calls
Britain’s costliest coffee: one cup for $344. It is a huge price for a little cup of coffee, but the man selling it offers a deal sweetener: a share of a dairy farm.(一家苏格兰奶牛场正在出售据称是英国最昂贵的咖啡,一杯售价高达 344 美元。虽然一小杯咖啡标出如此天价,但卖家提供了一个诱人的附加条件——赠送奶牛场的股份)”和第二段中“The costly cup of coffee is actually a reward for purchasing shares in Mossgiel Organic Dairy’s crowdfunding campaign to enlarge its
sustainable operation and produce more milk. (这杯昂贵的咖啡实际上是购买莫斯吉尔有机奶牛场众筹活动股份的奖励,目的是扩大其可持续运营并生产更多牛奶)”可知,这杯咖啡定价344 美元是为了吸引投资者购买农场股份,是一种营销策略。故选 D 项。
25 .推理判断题。根据第三段中“But investors are also given a standard warning that they could lose some or all ofthe money they invest except for the coffee. (但投资者也会收到一个标准警告,即他们可能会损失部分或全部投资资金——除了那杯咖啡)”可知,投资者有可能会损失资金,说明农场的运营可能存在风险。故选 C 项。
答案第 4 页,共 13 页
26 .推理判断题。根据第五段“The farm in Mauchline, about 25 miles south of Glasgow, was
worked in the 18th century by poet Robert Burns, who penned Auld Lang Syne and many other
well known works. Burns, who is considered the national poet of Scotland, wrote while working
in the fields there for two years and the image of his face is printed on each bottle of Mossgiel
milk. (位于格拉斯哥以南约 25 英里处的莫赫林农场,在 18 世纪曾由诗人罗伯特·彭斯耕种,他创作了《友谊地久天长》和许多其他著名作品。彭斯被认为是苏格兰的民族诗人,他在那里的田间劳作了两年并进行创作,每瓶莫斯吉尔牛奶上都印着他的面容)”和常识可推知,作者提到著名诗人罗伯特·彭斯与奶牛场的关系是为了给这家奶牛场增添文化和历史魅力。故 选 D 项。
27 .推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Todd Whiteford, one of the owners of The Good Coffee
Cartel in Glasgow that is serving the costly cups, says they’ve been using Mossgiel’s milk for
several years and other milk producers cannot match the quality of Mossgiel’s milk. ‘It makes
rounder, smoother and sweeter drinks. Theirs is the best. I’ll argue with anyone about that. ’ (格拉斯哥供应这种昂贵咖啡的‘好咖啡联盟’的老板之一托德·怀特福德说,他们使用莫斯吉尔的牛奶已经有好几年了,其他牛奶生产商无法与莫斯吉尔牛奶的质量相媲美。‘它能制作出更圆润、更顺滑、更甜美的饮品。他们的牛奶是最好的。我会为此和任何人争论。’)”可知,托德·怀特福德大力称赞了莫斯吉尔牛奶,表明莫斯吉尔的牛奶能让咖啡更具竞争力。故选 A项。
28 .B 29 .A 30 .D 31 .B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新南威尔士大学的关于气候变化对全球经济影响的一项最新研究。该研究预测全球变暖 4℃将导致 2100 年全球 GDP 下降 40%,并呼吁立即改变政策以减少经济损失。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Timothy Neal, lead researcher, explains, ‘Past studies assumed countries could manage climate impacts alone. But today’s economy relies on global networks. A disaster in one region — like floods shutting factories — can cause shortages and job losses
worldwide.’(首席研究员 Timothy Neal 博士解释说:‘过去的研究假设各国可以单独应对气候影响。但今天的经济依赖于全球网络。一个地区的灾难——比如洪水导致工厂关闭——可能导致全球范围内的物资短缺和失业。’)”可知,早期的气候经济模型没有考虑到全球的相互关联性。故选 B。
29 .细节理解题。根据第三段“‘Old assumptions made severe climate change seem manageable,
答案第 5 页,共 13 页
which shaped weak policies,’ Dr. Neal says. (Neal 博士说:‘旧的假设使严重的气候变化看起来是可控制的,这导致了政策不力,’)”可知,以前的气候经济模型带来的后果是导致了政策不力。故选 A。
30 .推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Every year of delayed action raises costs and risks, ’ Dr. Neal warns. ‘Rapid decarbonization isn’t just about saving the planet — it’s about saving our
economy.’(‘每一年拖延行动都会增加成本和风险。’Neal 博士警告说。‘快速脱碳不仅仅是为了拯救地球,也是为了拯救我们的经济。’)”可推知,Neal 博士在最后一段强调了应对气候变化的紧迫性。故选 D。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“A groundbreaking study from the University of New South Wales predicts that global GDP could drop by 40% by 2100 if temperatures rise by 4℃ — far higher
than earlier estimates of 11%.(新南威尔士大学的一项开创性研究预测,如果气温上升 4℃ ,
到 2100 年全球 GDP 可能下降 40%——远高于之前估计的 11%)” 以及全文内容可知,文章主要围绕如果气温上升 4℃对全球经济的影响展开。B 选项“在气温上升 4℃的情况下,全球经济将面临 40%的损失”为最佳标题。故选 B。
32 .A 33 .A 34 .D 35 .D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了中国“银发经济”(老龄经济)的兴起、现状及发展前景。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段“Every Wednesday, retiree Zhang Zhili travels an hour by bus to an education center, drawn by the pulsing rhythms ofthe African drum she plays there in a classroom filled with fellow retirees whose hands move together, every beat lifting her spirits.(每周三,退休人员 Zhang Zhili 都会乘坐一个小时的公交车前往一个教育中心,她在那里的教室里,被非洲鼓的脉动节奏所吸引,教室里坐满了退休人员,他们的手一起舞动,每一个节拍都让她精神振奋)”可知,她寻求快乐,与他人交往。故选 A。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段“China has a rapidly aging population. Last year, about 297 million people were aged 60 or above, over one-fifth of the population. By 2035, this number is forecast
to go beyond 400 million, or over 30% of all Chinese.(中国的人口正在迅速老龄化。去年,约有2.97 亿人年龄在 60 岁或以上,占人口的五分之一以上。到 2035 年,这一数字预计将超过 4亿,占中国总人口的 30%以上)”和第四段“That’s fueling growth in services and products aimed at older adults in what Beijing calls the silver economy(这推动了面向老年人的服务和产品的增长,也就是中国政府所说的“银发经济”)”可知,银发经济崛起的主要原因是中国迅速老龄化
答案第 6 页,共 13 页
的人口创造了市场需求。故选 A。
34.推理判断题。根据最后一段“China’s silver economy is still in its early stage, said Gary Ng, a senior economist at Natixis Corporate and Investment Banking. “There are prospects here, but it
seems there’s still much that needs to be done,” he said.(法国东方汇理银行高级经济师 Gary Ng表示:“ 中国的‘银发经济’仍处于起步阶段。他指出:‘(这一领域)前景广阔,但目前看来,仍有许多工作亟待推进。’”)”可知,Gary Ng 认为中国的银发经济显示出潜力,但仍需作出 重大努力。故选 D。
35.主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第四段“That’s fueling growth in services and products aimed at older adults in what Beijing calls the silver economy, which is expected to grow from about 7
trillion yuan (about $982 billion) currently to approximately 30 trillion yuan (about $4.2 trillion)
in 2035, raising its share in the economy from about 6% to roughly 10%, Hu Zuquan, a researcher at the State Information Center, a public institution linked to with China’s main planning agency, told state media. The government is expanding basic care services to all elderly people in need,
moving beyond its traditional focus on those without family support.(与中国主要规划机构有关联的公共机构国家信息中心(State Information Center)研究员胡祖全对官方媒体说,这推动了面向老年人的服务和产品的增长,也就是中国政府所说的“银发经济”。预计到 2035 年,银发经济将从目前的人民币约 7 万亿元(约合 9,820 亿美元)增长到人民币约30 万亿元(约合 4.2 万亿美元),在中国经济中的比重将从 6%左右提高到 10%左右。政府正在将基本护理服务扩大到所有有需要的老年人,而不是传统上关注那些没有家庭支持的老年人)”可知,本文主要讲述了中国“银发经济”(老龄经济)的兴起、现状及发展前景, 因此最好的题目是 D选项“The Rise of the Silver Economy in China(中国银发经济的崛起)”。故选 D。
36 .C 37 .A 38 .F 39 .D 40 .B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了“银发力量” 的重要性,指出老年人凭借丰富经验、耐心和教导能力为社会做出贡献,同时推动“银发经济”发展,呼吁社会尊重老年人并与其合作共建美好未来。
36.前文“The elderly are our grandparents and those who have lived through many years. (老年人是我们的祖辈,是历经岁月沧桑的一代人)”提到老年人经历过多年生活,后文“They have seen society change and know how to handle different problems. (他们见证了社会的变迁,深谙处理各种问题的智慧)”提到他们知道如何处理各种问题,此处应该概括老年人的特点,与“经验”相关,因此 C 项“They possess a great deal of experience (他们拥有丰富的经验)”符合语境,承
答案第 7 页,共 13 页
前启后,选项中的 They 指代前文的 The elderly 。故选 C。
37 .前文“Also, the elderly are usually very patient. (此外,老年人通常都很有耐心)”提到老年人有耐心的特点,后文“They can tell interesting historical tales and pass on traditional cultures. (他们既能讲述引人入胜的历史故事,又能传承优秀的传统文化)”指出他们在历史与文化传承中的作用,此处应该与老年人能“传授知识”相关,因此 A 项“They like to teach the young (他们喜欢教导年轻人)”符合语境,承前启后,选项中的 They 指代前文的the elderly 。故选 A。
38 .后文“As the number of old people increases, the “Silver Economy” has come up. (随着老年人口的增长,“银发经济”应运而生)”和“Their spending makes related industries grow and brings new business chances, which helps the economy and makes the market more diverse. (他们的消费带动相关产业发展,创造新的商业机遇,既促进了经济增长,又使市场更加多元化)”提到银发经济和老年人对经济的影响,此处应该引入“老年人对经济的影响” ,因此 F 项“The
elderly have a big influence on the economy, too (老年人对经济也有很大影响)”符合语境,统领后文,选项中的 economy 在后文有同词复现。故选 F。
39 .前文“They need special things in health care, travel, and daily life. (他们在医疗保健、旅游和日常生活方面都有着特殊需求)”提到老年人需要特殊产品,后文“Special travel agencies for the elderly create nice travel routes. (专为老年人服务的旅行社精心打造优质旅游线路)”举例
针对老年人的旅行社,此处应该是一个具体例子,说明老年人需求如何推动相关产业发展,因此 D 项“For instance, there are more health products and services for them (例如,有更多提供给他们的健康产品和服务)”符合语境,承前启后,选项中的 health products 呼应前文的 health care 。故选 D。
40 .前文“We should respect and value “Elderly Power” . We should talk more with the elderly,
listen to them, and learn from their wisdom. (我们应当尊重并珍视“银发力量”。要多与老年人交流,倾听他们的心声,汲取他们的人生智慧)”呼吁尊重和重视银发力量,并与老年人多交流,此处应该是总结或号召性的句子,因此 B 项“Let’s work together with them to build a more
wonderful society (让我们与他们一起建设更美好的社会)”符合语境,承接前文,选项中的them 指代前文的 the elderly 。故选 B。
41 .A 42 .B 43 .D 44 .C 45 .C 46 .D 47 .B 48 .B
49 .A 50 .D 51 .A 52 .B 53 .C 54 .D 55 .C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者 18 岁的儿子 Dylan独自去亚洲旅行,作
答案第 8 页,共 13 页
者从担心到逐渐放心的过程。
41.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当他第一次告诉我丈夫迈克尔和我他想用他的一些积蓄环游中国时,我很激动。A. thrilled 激动的;B. worried 担心的;C. eager 渴望的;D. upset 沮丧的。根据下文“We were excited for him to explore the world.”可知,作者对于儿子环游中国感到激动。故选 A。
42.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. skills 技巧;B. savings 积蓄;C. relations 关系;D. friends朋友。根据下文“traveling was one of the best ways to spend his money”可知,儿子要用自己的积蓄去旅行。故选 B。
43.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们告诉他,旅行是花钱的最好方式之一,而且这些记忆会持续一生。A. costs 成本;B. virtues 美德;C. items 物品;D. memories 记忆。根据上文
“traveling”和下文“would last a lifetime”可知,旅行会给人留下美好的记忆,这些记忆会持续一生。故选 D。
44 .考查动词短语辨析。句意:在他和迈克尔开车去机场之前,我喊道:“注意安全,到上海后给我发短信。”A. gave off 发出;B. saw off 送行;C. pulled away 离开;D. ran away 逃跑。根据下文“to the airport”可知,儿子和丈夫离开去机场。pulled away 可表示车辆启动离开。故选 C。
45.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. write 写;B. call 打电话;C. text 发短信;D. email 发邮件。根据下文“The first text said he’d arrived.”可知,作者让儿子到上海后发短信。故选 C。
46.考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意:那天晚上,当他飞越太平洋上空时,我突然想到迪伦真的要靠自己了。A. behalf 代表;B. feet 脚;C. mind 思维;D. own 自己做的。根据上文“it hit me that Dylan was really on his”和下文“my decision to let him go alone”可知,儿子独自去旅行,一切都要靠自己。on one’s own“独自地” 。故选 D。
47.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我每小时醒来一次,每次都要看钟,计算他第二天早上着陆前的时间。A. mending 修理;B. checking 检查;C. setting 设置;D. winding 缠绕。根据上文“I woke hourly”和下文“the clock”可知,作者频繁“查看时钟”计算儿子落地时间,checking 符合“确认时间” 的动作。故选 B。
48.考查动词词义辨析。句意:尽管我怀疑自己让他独自去的决定,但我还是祈祷着,想着所有可能出错的事情。A. Convincing 使信服;B. Doubting 怀疑;C. Admitting 承认;D. Denying否认。根据下文“I prayed and thought about all the things that could go”可知,作者很担忧,怀疑自己让儿子独自旅行的决定。故选 B。
答案第 9 页,共 13 页
(
;
)49.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. wrong 错误的;B. wild 野生的;C. smooth 光滑的D. bad 坏的。根据上文“I prayed and thought about all the things that could go”可知,作者为儿子祈祷,担心出问题。go wrong“ 出问题” 。故选 A。
50.考查动词短语辨析。句意:我焦急地试图追踪他的行李。A. bring down 降低;B. turn down拒绝;C. settle down 定居;D. track down 追踪。根据上文“The second text said his luggage
didn’t make it.”可知,行李未到,作者试图追踪儿子的行李。故选 D。
51 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的努力失败了。A. failed 失败;B. worked 工作;C. paid支付;D. lost 丢失。根据下文“All the while Dylan was texting me he was all right.”可知,作者的努力失败了,儿子发短信说自己没事。故选 A。
52 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:在那之后,就不再谈论丢失的行李了。A. presentation 展示; B. talk 谈话;C. appearance 外表;D. rumor 谣言。根据下文“I knew that he’d figure it out”可 知,作者知道儿子能解决问题,因此不再谈论丢失的行李。故选 B。
53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我知道他会解决的,而且人生的教训将是深刻的。A. awful可怕的;B. unbearable 难以忍受的;C. deep 深刻的;D. worthless 无价值的。根据上文“I knew that he’d figure it out, and that the life lesson would be”可知,作者知道儿子能解决问题,独立解决问题的经历是“深刻的”教训。故选 C。
54 .考查连词词义辨析。句意:“我原以为我除了欧洲以外哪里都不能出国留学,但我肯定可以在这里学习,”他的便条上写着。A. or 或者;B. so 因此;C. and 和;D. but 但是。根据上文“I thought I could never study abroad anywhere but Eu-rope”和下文“I could definitely do it here”可知,上下文为转折关系,应用连词 but 。故选 D。
55.考查介词短语辨析。句意:我安心了。A. in despair 绝望地;B. at a loss 不知所措;C. at peace 平静的,安心的;D. in reality 实际上。根据上文“I knew that he’d figure it out, and that the life lesson would be”和““I thought I could never study abroad anywhere but Eu-rope, 14 I could definitely do it here,” his note read.”可知,儿子独立解决问题并转变观念,母亲最终“安心” 了,即放心了。故选 C。
56 .graduating 57 .which 58 .my 59 .challenges 60 .biggest 61 .has
overcome 62 .a 63 .should seek##seek 64 .To succeed 65 .really
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了张悦回国创业种植玫瑰, 克服困难取得成功并分享经验的故事。
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56 .考查非谓语动词。句意:直到从海外大学毕业并回国看望父母后,张悦才意识到玫瑰的潜力,并决定回到家乡种植玫瑰,这让很多人感到惊讶。after 是介词,其后跟动名词作宾
语,故填 graduating。
57.考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,关系词在从句中作主语,故填 which。
58 .考查代词。句意:“我想体验自己当老板的自由,” 她说。“但我也想为家乡做点什
么。”“one’s own + 名词”是固定搭配,意为“某人自己的 ”,主语是 I,所以用 my。故填
my。
59 .考查名词复数。句意:成功的道路是漫长而艰难的,一路上有许多挑战。challenge 是可数名词,由 many 可知,此处应用其复数形式作宾语,故填 challenges。
60.考查形容词最高级。句意:初期最大的挑战是说服人们为她的公司工作,这完全超出了她的经验范围。根据句意可知,此处指“最大的挑战” ,应用形容词最高级,故填 biggest。
61.考查时态。句意:她克服了许多障碍,使她的企业取得了今天的成功。根据句意及空后to the success it is today 可知,此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时,主语是第三人称单数,助动词用 has ,故填 has overcome。
62 .考查冠词。句意:今年,她可以给所有同事发放一笔丰厚的奖金。bonus 是可数名词,此处泛指“一笔丰厚的奖金”,应用不定冠词,且 decent 是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用
a ,故填 a。
63 .考查情态动词/虚拟语气。句意:虽然她欢迎新的创业精神,但她建议人们在匆忙行事之前要现实一些,并向专家顾问寻求指导。根据空前 advises 可知,that 引导的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,用 should+动词原形,should 可以省略;此处 and 连接并列的谓语,与 be 并列,可以使用 should seek ,should 也可以省略,故填 should seek/seek。
64.考查非谓语动词。句意:要在商业上取得成功,你需要的不仅仅是一个好主意、努力工作和决心。空处需用动词不定式作目的状语,位于句首,首字母需大写,故填 To succeed。
65.考查副词。句意:真正重要的是一个合理的商业计划、获得资金的机会以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。空处修饰动词 matters ,应用副词 really 作状语,故填 really。
66 .As is known to all, Mobile Payment has been a tendency in China. On the one hand, its
convenience as well as efficiency makes it possible for us to take with us only a mobile phone
rather than much cash, which saves us much time and trouble. On the other hand, Mobile Payment is widely used in our daily life, like paying bills, booking tickets and so on. In a word, Mobile
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Payment is used in nearly every-thing and has really changed our life.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以移动支付为主题, 按照提示将给定的 7 个句子进行合并与改写,展现移动支付在中国的趋势、优势及影响。
【详解】1. 词汇积累趋势:tendency→trend
方便:convenience→handiness
有效率:efficiency→effectiveness
总之:In a word → In conclusion
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:On the other hand, Mobile Payment is widely used in our daily life, like paying bills, booking tickets and so on.
拓展句:On the other hand, Mobile Payment is widely used in our daily life, which is like paying bills and booking tickets and so on.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】As is known to all, Mobile Payment has been a tendency in China.(运用了 as 引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型 2】On the one hand, its convenience as well as efficiency makes it possible for us to take with us only a mobile phone rather than much cash, which saves us much time and trouble. (运用了 it 作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正宾语以及 which 引导非限制性定语从句)
67 .参考范文
While he was saying it, Mallory, one of his classmates and friends, stood up and started to say, “How can you say such thing to Mark You don’t know what happened! Last night, he called you many times, but he didn’t get any answer from you. He was worried about what was going
wrong with you. He took his car and drove all night looking for you. He looked at the hospital, the jail, and bars...” Matt started to apologize to Mallory and to himself, saying, “Why did he do it
He could work on the project by himself, and...” At that time Mallory spoke angrily, “Shut up! He had prepared a surprising birthday party for you, and we waited for you or for a call all night
long.”
Tears fell from his eyes. He felt ashamed for thinking Mark was selfish, when in fact, it was he who had been the selfish one. He wondered how he could ever make it up to Mark, who had
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always been there for him, just like a true friend should be, which was what he had always longed for. Before he said anything, Mallory had left the classroom. He sat down and stayed there for a
long time. He looked around the classroom. It was cold and plain without his friends. It was empty, just like his living room now.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。生日当天,独坐家中的 Matt 看着旧照,回忆起与大学好友 Mark 的过往。Mark 曾邀他帮忙,他却选择去俱乐部,次日 Mark 态度冷淡,Matt 愤怒指责其自私。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段句首内容“ 当他说这话的时候,他的一个同学和朋友 Mallory 站了起来,开始说”可知,第一段可以描写 Mallory 说的内容,Matt 得知真相后的愧疚心情,意识到自己误解了Mark,同时回忆起 Mark 一直以来的好,内心充满自责。
②由第二段句首内容“ 眼泪从他的眼睛里流下来。”可知,第二段可描写 Matt 意识到误解后的羞愧心理,回忆 Mark 的付出,对比自己的自私,最后以教室与客厅的空寂感,烘托他对友情的悔恨与渴望。
2.续写线索:Mallory 揭露真相 ——Matt 震惊道歉——Matt 落泪羞愧 —— 反思自身自私—— 领悟友情可贵与孤独感
3.词汇激活行为类
①道歉:apologize/say sorry/express regret
②等待:wait for/await
③离开:leave the classroom/go away from the classroom情绪类
①担心:be worried about/be concerned about/fret over
②生气地:angrily/in anger
【点睛】【高分句型 1】He was worried about what was going wrong with you. (运用了 what 引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型 2】Before he said anything, Mallory had left the classroom. (运用了 Before 引导的时间状语从句)
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