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Unit 1 单元测试卷 A
（考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：150 分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2 ．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3 ．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1 ．What does the woman imply at last
A ．There aren’t similar apps at present.
B ．The app won’t be popular among people.
C ．She can’t decide on the charge for the app now.
2 ．What is the man's attitude towards the robot economy
A ．Disapproving. B ．Objective. C ．Supportive.
3 ．How does the woman feel about cloning
A ．It has no side effect at all.
B ．It should be strictly forbidden.
C ．It may cause trouble for humans.
4 ．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A ．A new technology. B ．A car company. C ．Driverless cars.
5 ．What can the robotic fish be used to do
A ．Check water quality. B ．Record underwater life. C ．Play with children.
试卷第 1 页，共 14 页
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6 ．What is the man’s attitude towards Al
A ．Supportive. B ．Disapproving. C ．Objective.
7 ．What will the speakers do next
A ．Go to the bank. B ．Order some food. C ．Return home.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8 ．What does the woman expect to do
A ．Get a self-driving car. B ．Learn to drive with the man. C ．Take a self-driving tour.
9 ．When might robots take over 30%of our jobs
A ．Within a decade. B ．Within 15 years. C ．Within 20 years.
10 ．What can robots do in Japan
A ．Teaching. B ．Rescuing. C ．Acting.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11 ．What does the man think about buying foreign brands
A ．Nothing can beat an iPhone.
B ．It’s better to support local companies.
C ．Foreign companies make better products.
12 ．Which brand does the woman like best
A ．Lenovo. B ．Samsung. C ．Apple.
13 ．What kind of job does the man want to do
A ．Phone salesman. B ．Software engineer. C ．University professor.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14 ．What is this competition about
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A ．Saving energy at home. B ．Reducing noise pollution. C ．Using technology creatively.
15 ．What is the stone used for
A ．Starting the machine. B ．Increasing air pressure. C ．Producing carbon dioxide.
16 ．Why does the woman come to the man
A ．To discuss the way of writing a paper.
B ．To find the right material for a model.
C ．To study the approach to detailed drawings.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17 ．When did Stephen Hawking first get sick
A ．At the age of 21. B ．At the age of 23. C ．At the age of 25.
18 ．What did Stephen Hawking lose first
A ．The use of his legs. B ．The power of speech. C ．The use of his arms.
19 ．What did Stephen Hawking realize in the 1990s
A ．He was going to live at least two more years.
B ．He was one of Britain’s most important figures.
C ．He should represent the disabled community more.
20 ．Who signed the Charter for the Third Millennium on Disability
A ．Doctors.
B ．Governments.
C ．Hawking and 11 other stars.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Some of the greatest scientists of all time are women who have made important discoveries in a
variety of fields in science. Several of their contributions throughout history are even more than
men’s contributions. Our list of the most famous female scientists below are organized in order of popularity so you can read about the advancements that they made.Marie Curie (1867-1934)
试卷第 3 页，共 14 页
Famous For: Work on radioactivity
Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the only woman to win this award in two fields: Physics and Chemistry. She discovered polonium and radium and her work helped
with the creation ofX-rays.Jane Goodall (1934)
Famous For: Primate (灵长类) studies
Jane Goodall is known world-wide for her groundbreaking studies on primates. She is considered as the top expert on chimps in the world and is perhaps best known for her 45-year study on the social lives of these animals in Tanzania.Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012)
Famous For: Nerve growth studies
Rita Levi-Montalcini was a neurologist (神经病学家) who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her findings in Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). She was the first Nobel Prize winner to live past her 100th birthday.Lise Meitner (1878-1968)
Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics
Lise Meitner was a key member of a group that discovered nuclear fission (裂变). One of her colleagues, Otto Hahn, was given the Noble Prize for this work. That Meitner didn’t get the award is considered to be a huge error by the Nobel committee.
21 ．Who is still contributing to the world
A ．Marie Curie. B ．Jane Goodall.
C ．Rita Levi-Montalcini. D ．Lise Meitner.
22 ．What did Rita Levi-Montalcini research on
A ．Nerve growth. B ．The wildlife.
C ．Nuclear explosion. D ．Radioactivity.
23 ．What do we know about Lise Meitner
A ．She was awarded the Nobel Prize.
B ．She made a big mistake in her work.
C ．She did lots of studies about nerve growth.
D ．She made great contributions to nuclear physics.
B
Edwin Hubble made his most important discoveries in the 1920s. Today, other astronomers
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continue the work he began. Many of them are using the Hubble Space Telescope that is named after him.
Edwin Powell Hubble was born in 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri. He spent his early years in the state of Kentucky. Then he moved with his family to Chicago, in Louisville. He attended the
University of Chicago. He studied mathematics and astronomy. Hubble was a good student. He was a good athlete, too. He was a member of the University of Chicago championship basketball team in 1909. He also was an excellent boxer. Several people urged him to train for the world
heavyweight boxing championship after college. Instead, he decided to continue his studies. He went to Queen’s College at Oxford, England.
At Oxford, Hubble studied law. He was interested in British Common Law, because his
family had come to America from England many years before. He spent three years at Oxford. In 1913, Hubble returned to the United States. He opened a law office in Louisville, Kentucky. After a short time, however, he decided he did not want to be a lawyer. He returned to the University of Chicago. There, once again, he studied astronomy. Edwin Hubble was the first person to use the Hale Telescope.He died in 1953 while preparing to spend four nights looking through the
telescope at the sky.
Hubble’s work led to new researches on the birth of the universe. One astronomer said scientists have been filling in the details ever since. And, he said, there is a long way to go.
24 ．According to this passage, what was Edwin Hubble most interested in
A ．Sports. B ．Law.
C ．Astronomy. D ．Mathematics.
25 ．Why did Edwin Hubble return to the University of Chicago
A ．Because he was interested in British Common Law.
B ．Because he was eager to be a famous judge in future.
C ．Because his parents had been to Britain a few years before.
D ．Because he wanted to go on with the study of astronomy.
26 ．Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to this passage
a. He joined the University of Chicago championship basketball team.
b. He studied astronomy at the University of Chicago once again.
c. He moved to Louisville with his family.
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d. He used the Hale Telescope to look at the sky.
e, He became a lawyer in Louisville for a short period of time.
A ．c, a, b, d, e B ．a, c, b, e, d C ．c, a, e, b, d D ．a, b, d, e, c
27 ．What can we know from this passage
A ．The Hubble Space Telescope was made by Hubble himself.
B ．Edwin Powell Hubble went to Oxford, England in 1910.
C ．Edwin Powell Hubble grew up in Marshfield, Missouri.
D ．Hubble died while he was looking at the sky.
C
Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William G. Kaelin, Jr. of the Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe of Oxford University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza of Johns Hopkins University were jointly awarded the prize.
“The meaningful discoveries by this year’s Nobel winners showed life’s most adaptive
processes,” Randall Johnson, a member of the Nobel Assembly at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute said. “The three physicians found the molecular switch(分子开关)that regulates how our cells
adapt when oxygen levels drop.”
“Cells and tissues are constantly experiencing changes in oxygen availability,” Johnson
said. “As an embryo(胚胎) grows and develops, and as muscles work, the oxygen available
changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way to adjust to the amount of oxygen they have, while still doing their important jobs.”
The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases.
Kaelin was born in New York and received an M. D. from Duke University. He did his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, and at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston.
Ratcliffe was born in Lancashire, the United Kingdom, and studied medicine at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge University and did his specialist training in nephrology at
Oxford. He is the director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in London and a
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member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
Semenza was born in New York. He obtained a B. A. in biology from Harvard and his M.
D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He did his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke
University. He is the director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.
28 ．What can we know about the three scientists
A ．They studied different fields.
B ．They shared one prize.
C ．They researched heart disease.
D ．They found the function of embryos.
29 ．What did Johnson think of the discoveries
A ．Important. B ．Meaningless.
C ．Interesting. D ．Disappointing.
30 ．What does the underlined word “exploit” in paragraph 4 mean
A ．Develop. B ．Handle. C ．Stress. D ．Follow.
31 ．What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about
A ．The three scientists’ achievements.
B ．The influence of the discoveries.
C ．The example set by the three scientists.
D ．The introduction of the three scientists.
D
To solve the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways, chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a
sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them
through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down.
Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University led the project. A decade ago, he chose to focus on the problem posed by microplastics. They’re everywhere—from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice atop mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water. Some studies
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estimate that billions of pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. The plastic has many sources, from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes.
In lab experiments, the star-shaped swimmers stuck onto each of four different types of
plastic. And after a week exposed to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics. It
wasn’t much—only by percent. But that was an indication that they were breaking the plastic
down. They also caused the surface of the plastic to change from smooth to rough. That’s another sign that the robots were degrading (分解) it. The new study is a proof of concept type. That
means it shows something can be done successfully.
In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all. The researchers also have
not yet shown how safe this system is for the environment, although Pumera says that’s their next goal. The first real-world test will be in a wastewater-treatment plant. “Indeed,” says one
researcher. “We’ll need a lot of testing to show that they’re safe in open waterways, such as at sea.”
32 ．What does the underlined word “brainchild” in paragraph 1 refer to .
A ．idea B ．hope C ．project D ．routine
33 ．What does the author focus on in Paragraph 2
A ．The purpose of Pumera’s project.
B ．The preciousness of drinking water.
C ．The seriousness of plastic pollution.
D ．The working principle of the microrobots.
34 ．What shows the effectiveness of the microrobots in lab experiments
A ．The weight loss of the plastics.
B ．The disappearance of the plastics.
C ．The shape change of the microrobots.
D ．The improvement in the quality of water.
35 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．Ways to Obtain Cleaner Drinking Water
B ．Microrobots Invented to Treat Wastewater
C ．New Hope for the Solution to Plastic Pollution
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D ．Technology Widely Applied in Environment Protection
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cloning is defined as using the cells of one living subject, plant or animal, to create another duplicate subject. A cloned subject will be the same as its parent. This technology could be useful for laboratory studies and for creating satisfying animals. 36 .
One of the biggest disadvantages of cloning is that the technology is still so uncertain.
Dolly the sheep, the first mammalian clone, was born in 1996. 37 , she died young of a disease not normally seen in sheep of her age. It is still unsure whether genetic mutations might occur when an animal is cloned.
38 . Gene diversity is what keeps an entire species from being wiped out by a
singular virus. It helps to explain why some people naturally are taller, shorter, or more athletic
than others. If gene diversity is lost due to excessive cloning, there are no mutations to allow some of the cloned group to survive a newly introduced disease.
Another of the disadvantages of cloning is that there are a lot of moral considerations that would cause most people to protest. One of these ethical concerns is that cloning is unnatural.
Another concern is the treatment of clones. 39 . Humane treatment guidelines would still apply.
There is always a risk of cloning technology being abused. For example, imagine what a corrupt officer could do with cloning. There will always be someone looking to use cloning for their own personal use, and many feel that the best way to prevent this is not to pursue cloning at all.
The disadvantages of cloning are seen by many to far outweigh any benefits that might be
seen. 40 , it is a technology that many experts say may be better left alone, at least until it is better understood.
A ．While she was initially successful
B ．Because of the risk involved in cloning
C ．This is due to the lack of gene diversity
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D ．Losing gene diversity is another disadvantage of cloning
E ．Clones would have the same needs as non-clones oftheir species
F ．There are many advantages of cloning, for example, curing certain diseases
G ．However, there are several disadvantages of cloning that should be considered
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分 30 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I teach digital technology. Although this class is high-tech; we try to make it high-touch. In other words, we keep screen-time to a
One day, I helped my Grade 8 students build robotic arms. They’re their robots to perform tasks from the —dipping a tea bag into a mug—to the complex, like cleaning up radioactive (放射性的) waste. Like most days, things often don’t as expected. Sometimes it’s the wiring that’s not working. Sometimes, it’s a problem, like the glue holding the
parts together because of continuous movement. I do my best to encourage students to
continue through , though, truly, their peers are the best cheerleaders. When things aren’t working, they make : “That happened to me, and here’s how I fixed it.” They each other up: “Try again! You can do it!” They also do a lot of playful . But when things
finally work, they celebrate together. , this is a classroom of teammates, not .
Educators and parents have done a lot of thinking lately about the future of . We
don’t learn best on the . More and more, I’ve come to believe that the future of school lies in classrooms like the one we’ve built, where students technology with human creativity and connection.
41 ．A ．balance B ．target C ．height D ．minimum
42 ．A ．displaying B ．allowing C ．improving D ．inspiring
43 ．A ．ordinary B ．urgent C ．significant D ．tough
44 ．A ．work out B ．turn around C ．show off D ．catch up
45 ．A ．mental B ．legal C ．mechanical D ．financial
46 ．A ．disappearing B ．failing C ．freezing D ．boiling
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47 ．A ．applications B ．opportunities C ．possibilities D ．challenges
48 ．A ．suggestions B ．mistakes C ．excuses D ．apologies
49 ．A ．bring B ．call C ．lift D ．wake
50 ．A ．thinking B ．training C ．learning D ．teasing
51 ．A ．Crucially B ．Suddenly C ．Seriously D ．Occasionally
52 ．A ．candidates B ．competitors C ．colleagues D ．audience
53 ．A ．entertainment B ．education C ．society D ．technology
54 ．A ．scene B ．stage C ．ground D ．screen
55 ．A ．provide B ．replace C ．combine D ．assist
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s first artificial intelligence (AI ) textbook for high school students___56___(bring) out last week, following a plan by central government 57 (include) AI courses in primary and secondary schools. The nine-chapter textbook, 58 (name) “Fundamentals of Artificial
Intelligence”, was written by outstanding 59 (scholar) from well-known schools nationwide, under the joint efforts by the research center for MOOC at East China Normal University and AI startup SenseTime. It includes the history of AI and how the technology can be applied in areas
such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security.
“The textbook focuses not only on basics of AI but on 60 (practice) use of AI in daily life”, said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University, 61 is also a
contributor to the book.
Up till now, about 40 high schools across the country___62___(undertake) the task of being the first group of the AI high education pilot program 63 introducing the textbook in the
curriculum. “The AI sector is facing a talent shortage 64 (global). The publication of the book is 65 breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of thevory towerand makes it part of high school learning”, said Lin Dahua,a profesor at the Chinese University of Hon Kong.
第四部分 写作(满分 40 分)
试卷第 11 页，共 14 页
第一节、书信写作
66 ．假如你是李华，“学校科技节” 即将到来，你校英文报正在开展主题为“Scientists who
changed the world”的征文活动，请用英文写一篇文章，介绍你最崇拜的科学家。文章内容包括以下三个方面：
1.科学家的成就；
2.他（她）对世界的影响；
3.你崇拜他（她）的理由。
注意：
1.词数 80 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节 读后续写
67 ．阅读下面短文，根据所给内容进行续写，使之构成一个完整的短文。
Here’s the truth: robots are already starting to take jobs from hourly human workers, and
it’s going to continue. Research from McKinsey found that 45% of current jobs can be automated. We need to stop avoiding the situation and create real solutions to help displaced workers. And
there are a number of ways displaced workers could survive. To name but a few:
u Not everyone will work
A potential idea is that not everyone will work. Perhaps it will be more of a sci-fi situation where only people who want to work will work. All other tasks will be done by robots, and those who choose not to work can enjoy other activities. That extreme possibility is definitely a long
way off, though it can still be considered.
AI and robots are the inevitable future. They will play a role in everyone’s future jobs, whether that means they make it easier or replace it. We need to have conversations now about
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what to do with displaced workers so we can be prepared when the time comes.
u Move them to other jobs
Instead of learning new skills, this solution encourages workers to use their existing skills in a new industry. While it’s true there are often plenty of jobs available in these areas,
unfortunately these important jobs often don’t pay well. In large cities, working in these jobs
simply wouldn’t give people enough money to live without a universal basic income. However, these positions are fairly safe from being displaced by robots and can provide job security.
u The technologies create new jobs for both the short and long-term
New inventions could be introduced that turn everything on its head and require new skills. Some experts have predicted that soft human skills like communication, creativity and empathy
will always be needed because robots can’t replicate those skills. However, new inventions could open the door to other hard skills that could be required and in high demand in the future.
u Re-train displaced workers
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1
Many experts think that robots can’t be in place of all human jobs, so robots need to work alongside with humans.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
Even employees who aren’t at risk for being displaced should expand their skills.
_______________________________________________________________________________
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试卷第 14 页，共 14 页
1 ．C
【原文】W: Let’s call the app “Game Finder”. It tells people where the nearest game shop is and how to get there.
M: OK. People will love it. How much can we charge Similar apps are about five pounds.
W: I’m not convinced that’s true. We might need to do a bit more research.
2 ．B
【原文】W: What do you think of the robot economy Some people think robots will replace human beings one day.
M: Though robots benefit us a lot, it is humans who create and control them.
3 ．C
【原文】M:What do you think of cloning
W:No doubt it’s a great invention. But ifit’s not properly handled, it may have some side effects.
M:What do scientists say about it
W:They also have different opinions.
4 ．B
【原文】M: Take a look at this! “Waymo, the self-driving technology company, is coming to Shanghai.”
W: Wow, I have heard about the company, which is experienced in developing driverless cars.
M: I’m thinking what change it will bring to China.
5 ．A
【原文】M: Do you know what this robotic fish can do
W: Is it a toy
M: No. It is created to check the pollution levels in sea water.
6 ．C 7 ．B
【原文】W: Now artificial intelligence (AI) is used in all aspects. The National Center for Missing & Exploited Children has used AI to help many missing children return home.
M: That’s a good thing. However, you can’t ignore that AI can also be harmful to humans. For
instance, AI is bound to have access to many users’ private data, and it sometimes cannot protect privacy well.
W: But it’s really convenient. And a lot of processes can be automated when you’re at the bank.
答案第 1 页，共 13 页
M: Yeah. Let’s order first and talk over dinner, okay
W: OK.
8 ．A 9 ．A 10 ．B
【原文】M: I’m learning to drive this summer. Would you like to join me
W: No, I hate driving. I wish I could have a self-driving car.
M: I guess we might not need human drivers much longer. Experts are predicting that robots will take over 30% of our jobs within 10 years. Actually, robots can do a lot nowadays. They can do
many difficult jobs like analyzing data and translating documents. They make fewer mistakes than humans and they don’t get tired.
W: What dangerous jobs can robots do
M: Robots can work in the areas that cannot be reached by humans. For example, in Japan, robots have already been used in rescue work. Robots can even go in space to do scientific work.
W: What if we are completely replaced by robots
M: I don’t think that’s very likely. Some jobs will never be completely taken over by robots, such as teaching and acting. I think we should take the opportunity to learn new skills and view robots as partners.
W: I agree.
11 ．B 12 ．C 13 ．B
【原文】M: Microsoft, Apple, Samsung why do you always buy the foreign brands You
should try the products of our own companies here in China. There are some very good phones. For example, I just bought a Huawei phone and I love it more than my old iPhone. Lenovo is also a good company, especially for computers.
W: I know. My father just got a Lenovo phone. He tells me the same thing you do, and that I
should support our country’s businesses. But I am addicted to Apple products. They’re so easy to use, and I love the designs. All my friends have iPhones, too.
M: Well, I guess it’s different for me. I’ve been taking a basic computer science course at the
university this summer. I’m learning about how much more competitive China has become in technology recently. It’s really exciting, and I want to help us get even more ahead. That’s why I’m going to study to be a software engineer.
W: What will you do
答案第 2 页，共 13 页
M: Oh, make computer programs and apps. Maybe I’ll make the next generation of Facebook!
14 ．C 15 ．A 16 ．B
【原文】W: Hello, Professor. Could you help me with my entry for the Design Competition
M: OK. Are there any requirements For example, saving energy or producing no noise
W: Actually that was the focus in former competitions. We have to adopt a creative approach to existing technology this year.
M: I see. What is your design
W: A dishwasher. Here is my drawing.
M: There’s a stone at the bottom. Is that for decoration
W: No. Instead of pushing a button to start, you turn the stone.
M: Good, but what makes your design creative
W: My idea is to give pressure to the carbon dioxide so that it becomes a liquid. The liquid is used to clean the dishes.
M: A brilliant idea!
W: Thank you. I have to give a presentation about the design. I’ve got detailed drawings and a 500-word paper on it, but I am not sure what material is suitable for a model of the machine.
M: I see.
17 ．A 18 ．B 19 ．C 20 ．C
【原文】
Stephen Hawking was a world famous scientist, speaker, teacher, and author. His
wheelchair and the special machine he used to talk made him easy to recognize. Hawking had a
rare disease that started young and developed slowly. In 1963, Hawking was told he had health
problems. Hawking was 21, and the doctors thought he might live for two more years. But
Hawking never gave up. Even after he lost the power of speech, and later, the use of his arms and legs, Hawking was determined not to let that illness destroy his mind as well. Hawking was a
member of the Royal Society of Arts and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He also received
the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest award given in the United States. Starting in the
1990s, Hawking accepted that he was a role model for disabled people, giving lectures and raising money. At the turn of the century, he and 11 other stars signed the Charter for the Third
Millennium on Disability, which called on governments to protect the rights of the disabled. No
答案第 3 页，共 13 页
wonder Hawking was voted as the 25th most important British person in history.
21 ．B 22 ．A 23 ．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要列举了 4 位著名的女科学家在各自领域所取得的成就和影响。
21 ．细节理解题。观察每个人物的后面跟的时间可知，Jane Goodall 出生于 1934 ，而后面没有给去世时间，说明还在世，还在为世界做贡献。故选 B。
22 ．细节理解题。根据 Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012)部分中 Famous For: Nerve growth
studies 可知因为神经发育研究而出名。由此可知，Rita Levi-Montalcini 研究的是神经发育。故选 A。
23．细节理解题。根据 Lise Meitner (1878-1968)部分中 Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics 可知因为研究放射性和核物理而出名。由此可知，Lise Meitner 对核物理学做出了巨大的贡献。故选 D。
24 ．C 25 ．D 26 ．C 27 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了科学家哈勃的成长和学习经历，直到最后从事天文学研究的过程。
24 ．推理判断题。第二段和第三段描述了哈勃的学习历程，根据第二段中“He studied
mathematics and astronomy. (他学习数学和天文学)”和第三段中“There, once again, he studied astronomy.(在那里，他又一次学习了天文学)”可知，他对天文学最感兴趣。故选 C。
25 ． 细节理解题。由第三段中“He returned to the University of Chicago. There, once again, he studied astronomy.(他回到了芝加哥大学。在那里，他又一次学习了天文学)”可知，他回到芝加哥大学的目的是为了继续学习天文学。故选 D。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then he moved with his family to Chicago, in Louisville.(然后他和家人搬到了路易斯维尔的芝加哥)” ，第二段中“He was a member of the University of
Chicago championship basketball team in 1909. (1909 年，他是芝加哥大学篮球冠军队的一员)”，第三段中“He opened a law office in Louisville, Kentucky. (他在肯塔基州的路易斯维尔开了一家律师事务所)” ，第三段中“He returned to the University of Chicago. There, once again, he
studied astronomy.(他回到了芝加哥大学，在那里，他又一次学习了天文学)”和第三段中
“Edwin Hubble was the first person to use the Hale Telescope.(埃德温·哈勃是第一个使用黑尔望远镜的人)”可知，哈勃先是随家人搬到路易斯维尔的芝加哥，然后在芝加哥大学加入了篮球队，之后他从英国回来做了一段时间的律师，然后又学习天文学，最后第一个使用了 Hale
答案第 4 页，共 13 页
望远镜。故选 C。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He spent three years at Oxford. In 1913, Hubble returned to the United States. (他在牛津呆了三年。1913 年，哈勃回到了美国)”可推知，他是于 1910 年去的英国，三年后又回到美国。故选 B。
28 ．B 29 ．A 30 ．A 31 ．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的三位科学家。
28 ．细节理解题。根据首段首句“Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to
oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.”（三位研究细胞如何感知和适应氧气变化机制的科学家被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）可知，三位科学家共享了诺贝尔奖，故选 B 项。
29 ．推理判断题。根据第二段首句““The meaningful discoveries by this year’s Nobel winners showed life’s most adaptive processes,” Randall Johnson”（Randall Johnson 说：“今年诺贝尔奖获得者的重大发现显示了生命最具适应性的过程”）可知，他认为这项发现是重要的，故选 A项。
30 ．词义猜测题。根据第四段“The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases.”（委员会说这项发现对生理学至关重要，能够 exploit 新的策略来对抗贫血、癌症和其他疾病）可知，此处表示“产生新的方法”之意，develop“开发”符合，故选 A 项。
31．主旨大意题。纵观最后三段可知，主要介绍了三位科学家的出生地、求学和工作等相关信息，故选 D 项。
32 ．A 33 ．C 34 ．A 35 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。
32．词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“To solve the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways, chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. ”（为了解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，捷克共和国的化学家们正在从小处着眼。）根据划线词所在句“Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil.”（他们的 brainchild 是一种新型的微型机器人，只有削尖的铅笔尖大小。） 由第一句可知，捷克共和国的化学家们正在想办法解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，划线词承接前文，所以划线词所在句指化学家们的解决问题的想法是用一种微型机器人，因此划线词的含义为“解决方法；想法” ，故选 A。
答案第 5 页，共 13 页
(
n
)33 ．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段最后两句“They’re everywhere—from the bottom of the ocea to air blowing onto ice atop mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water. Some studies
estimate that billions of pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. The plastic has many
sources, from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes.（它们无处不在——从海底到吹到山顶冰上的空气。它们已经出现在饮用水里了。一些研究估计，数十亿塑料最终进入世界水域。塑料有许多来源，从购物袋到洗涤和清洁湿巾）”可知，本段讲述微塑料分布广泛，甚至出现在饮用水当中。C 项“塑料污染的严重性”符合题意。故选 C 项。
34 ．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话“And after a week exposed to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics（并且在暴露于光线一周后，机器人减轻了塑料的重量。） ”和第四句话“But that was an indication that they were breaking the plastic down.（但这表明它们正在分解塑料）”可知，塑料在暴露于光线后，其重量会减轻，说明光线正在分解塑料，使其重量损失。A 项“塑料的重量损失”符合题意。故选 A 项。
35 ．主旨大意题。根据第一段“To tackle the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways,
chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is
no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical
reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic,
they stick to it and start to break it down.”（为了解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，捷克共和国的化学家们从小事做起。 他们的创意是一个新的微型机器人，它还没有削尖的铅笔尖那么大。当阳光照射到它们时，它们会产生化学反应，推动它们在水中朝特定的方向移动。 当它们发现一块塑料时，就会粘在上面，并开始分解它。）可知文章主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。C 项“解决塑料污染的新希望”符合题意。故选 C 项。
36 ．G 37 ．A 38 ．D 39 ．E 40 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章论述了克隆技术的一些缺点和不足。
36．根据上文“Cloning is defined as using the cells of one living subject, plant or animal, to create another duplicate subject. A cloned subject will be the same as its parent. This technology could
be useful for laboratory studies and for creating satisfying animals. (克隆被定义为使用一个活的主体，植物或动物的细胞，创造另一个复制的主体。克隆的主体将与它的父主体相同。这项技术可以用于实验室研究和创造令人满意的动物)”可知，此处说明了克隆技术的意义。下文介绍克隆技术的缺点，前后语义存在转折关系。由此可知， G 选项 However, there are several
答案第 6 页，共 13 页
disadvantages of cloning that should be considered(然而，克隆有几个缺点应该被考虑)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选 G 项。
37．根据上文“Dolly the sheep, the first mammalian clone, was born in 1996. (多利羊，第一个哺乳动物克隆，诞生于 1996 年)”可知，这里主要介绍克隆羊多利。由此可知，A 项 While she was initially successful(虽然她最初很成功)能够承接上文，符合语境，其中 she 指代上文 Dolly ， she was initially successful 也与后文 he died young of a disease 形成转折。故选 A 项。
38 ．根据下文“Gene diversity is what keeps an entire species from being wiped out by a singular virus. It helps to explain why some people naturally are taller, shorter, or more athletic than others. If gene diversity is lost due to excessive cloning, there are no mutations to allow some of the
cloned group to survive a newly introduced disease.(基因多样性是防止整个物种被单一病毒消灭的原因。这有助于解释为什么有些人天生比其他人更高、更短或更运动。如果基因多样性由于过度克隆而丧失，那么就没有突变使一些克隆群体能够在新引入的疾病中存活下来)”可知，这里主要讲基因多样性的作用以及缺乏基因多样性的影响。由此可知，D 项 Losing gene diversity is another disadvantage of cloning(失去基因多样性是克隆的另一个缺点)能够衔接下文，符合语境，其中 Losing gene diversity 与下文 gene diversity is lost 对应。故选 D 项。
39 ．根据上文“Another of the disadvantages of cloning is that there are a lot of moral
considerations that would cause most people to protest. One of these ethical concerns is that
cloning is unnatural. Another concern is the treatment of clones. (克隆的另一个缺点是，有很多道德考虑会引起大多数人的抗议。其中一个伦理问题是克隆是不自然的。另一个问题是克隆的处理)”可知，这里主要讲克隆技术存在的道德问题。由此可知，E 项 Clones would have the same needs as non-clones oftheir species(克隆人与非克隆人有着相同的需求)能够衔接上文，
并引出下文Humane treatment guidelines would still apply(人道待遇准则仍然适用)，符合语境。故选 E 项。
40 ．根据下文“it is a technology that many experts say may be better left alone, at least until it is better understood.(许多专家表示，至少在人们更好地理解这项技术之前，最好不要理会它)”可知，这里主要讲专家对克隆技术的态度。而 B 项 Because of the risk involved in cloning(因为克隆的风险)能够衔接下文，正是由于克隆由风险，所以专家建议谨慎对待。故选 B 项。
41 ．D 42 ．C 43 ．A 44 ．A 45 ．C 46 ．B 47 ．D 48 ．A
49 ．C 50 ．D 51 ．A 52 ．B 53 ．B 54 ．D 55 ．C
答案第 7 页，共 13 页
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者教数字技术的宗旨、具体做法和感悟。
41 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，我们将屏幕时间控制在最低限度。A. balance 平衡；B. target 目标；C. height 高度；D. minimum 最低限度。根据前文的“I teach digital technology. Although this class is high-tech; we try to make it high-touch.”和后文“More and more, I’ve come to believe that the future of school lies in classrooms like the one we’ve built, ”可知，作者教数字技术，但认为学校的未来在于所修建的教室，所以这里将屏幕时间控制在最低限度。故选 D项。
42 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们正在改进他们的机器人，使其能够完成从普通的任务——把茶包浸到杯子里——到复杂的任务，比如清理放射性废物。A. displaying 显示；B.
allowing 允许；C. improving 改进，改善；D. inspiring 鼓舞。根据后文的“their robots to perform tasks from the —dipping a tea bag into a mug—to the complex, like cleaning up radioactive (放射性的) waste.”可知，使机器人能够完成从普通的任务——把茶包浸到杯子里——到复杂的任务，比如清理放射性废物，这是对机器人的改进。故选 C 项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们正在改进他们的机器人，使其能够完成从普通的任务——把茶包浸到杯子里——到复杂的任务，比如清理放射性废物。A. ordinary 普通的；B. urgent 紧急的；C. significant 显著的；D. tough 艰苦的。根据后文的“dipping a tea bag into a mug—to the complex, like cleaning up radioactive (放射性的) waste”可知，把茶包浸到杯子里相对于清理放射性废物来说是普通的任务。故选 A 项。
44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：像大多数日子一样；事情往往不像预期的那样发生。A. work out（如期）发生；B. turn around 转身；C. show off 炫耀；D. catch up 赶上。根据后文的“as expected”可知，事情往往不像预期的那样发生。故选 A 项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，这是一个机械问题，比如把零件粘合在一起的胶水因为持续的运动而失效。A. mental 心理的；B. legal 法律的；C. mechanical 机械的；D. financial财政的。根据前文的“like the glue holding the parts together because of continuous
movement”可知，把零件粘合在一起的胶水因为持续的运动而失效，这是一个机械问题。故选 C 项。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，这是一个机械问题，比如把零件粘合在一起的胶水因为持续的运动而失效。A. disappearing 消失；B. failing 出故障，未能（做到）；C. freezing 冷冻；D. boiling 沸腾。根据前文的“Sometimes, it’s a problem, like the glue holding the parts together”和后文“because of continuous movement”可知，出现机械问题的例证就是因为持续的
答案第 8 页，共 13 页
运动，把零件粘合在一起的胶水出故障，即胶水失效。故选 B 项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我尽我所能鼓励学生们继续挑战，尽管，说真的，他们的同龄人是最好的啦啦队长。A. applications 申请；B. opportunities 机会；C. possibilities 可能性； D. challenges 挑战。根据前文的“Sometimes, it’s a problem”可知，出问题的时候，老师 鼓励学生们继续挑战。故选 D 项。
48 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当事情不顺利时，他们会提出建议：“这种事发生在我身上，我是这样解决的。”A. suggestions 建议；B. mistakes 错误；C. excuses 借口；D. apologies 道 歉。根据后文的“That happened to me, and here’s how I fixed it.”可知，后文是其他学生给出的建议。故选 A 项。
49 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们互相鼓励：“再试一次！你能做到的！”A. bring 带来；
B. call 呼叫；C. lift 提升；D. wake 醒来。根据后文的“Try again! You can do it!”可知，后文是对其他人的鼓励。lift sb. up“鼓励某人” 。故选 C 项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也会开很多嬉戏的玩笑。A. thinking 思考；B. training训练；C. learning 学习；D. teasing 戏弄，玩笑。根据前文的“They also do a lot of playful”可知，他们也会开很多嬉戏的玩笑。故选 D 项。
51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：至关重要的是，这是一个由队友组成的教室，而不是竞争对手。A. Crucially 至关重要的是；B. Suddenly 突然；C. Seriously 认真地；D. Occasionally 偶尔。根据后文的“this is a classroom of teammates, not ”可知，这是一个由队友组成的教室，这是至关重要的。故选 A 项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至关重要的是，这是一个由队友组成的教室，而不是竞争对手。A. candidates 候选人；B. competitors 竞争对手；C. colleagues 同事；D. audience 观众。根据前文的“this is a classroom of teammates, not”可知，这是一个由队友组成的教室，那么就不是竞争对手。故选 B 项。
53 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：教育者和家长们最近对教育的未来做了很多思考。A.
entertainment 娱乐；B. education 教育；C. society 社会；D. technology 技术。根据前文的
“Educators and parents have done a lot of thinking lately about”和后文“We don’t learn best on
the . More and more, I’ve come to believe that the future of school lies in classrooms like the one we’ve built, where students technology with human creativity and connection.”可推知教育者和家长们对教育的未来做了很多思考。故选 B 项。
54 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在屏幕上学得不是最好的。A. scene 场景；B. stage 阶
答案第 9 页，共 13 页
段；C. ground 地面；D. screen 屏幕。根据前文的“In other words, we keep screen-time to a ”可知，我们在屏幕上学得不是最好的。故选 D 项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 我越来越相信，学校的未来在于我们所建造的教室，在这里，学生将科技与人类的创造力和联系结合起来。A. provide 提供；B. replace 代替；C. combine结合；D. assist 帮助。根据后文的“technology with human creativity and connection.”可知，学生将科技与人类的创造力和联系结合起来。故选 C 项。
56 ．was brought 57 ．including 58 ．named 59 ．scholars 60 ．practical
61 ．who 62 ．have undertaken 63 ．by 64 ．globally 65 ．a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能教科书即将进入中国高中课堂。
56．考查动词语态。句意： 继中央政府计划把人工智能课程纳入中小学课程之后，中国第一本供高中生使用的人工智能教材上周出版了。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，根据 last week判断应用一般过去时，主语 textbook 和 bring out之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 was brought。
57．考查介词。句意： 继中央政府计划把人工智能课程纳入中小学课程之后，中国第一本供高中生使用的人工智能教材上周出版了。根据句子结构及句意分析可知，此处用介词
including“包括”，作后置定语。故填 including。
58 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：这本名为《人工智能基础》的九章教科书是由华东师范大学
MOOC 研究中心和AI 创业公司 SenseTime 共同努力， 由全国知名学校的杰出学者编写的。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词，与逻辑主语 textbook 构成被动关系，用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填 named。
59．考查名词复数。句意：这本名为《人工智能基础》的九章教科书是由华东师范大学 MOOC研究中心和 AI 创业公司 SenseTime 共同努力，由全国知名学校的杰出学者编写的。scholar是可数名词，联系语境可知，此处应是很多学者编写了这本书，用复数形式。故填 scholars。
60 ．考查形容词。句意：华东师范大学教授陈玉坤，他也是这本书的撰稿人之一，说：“这本教科书不仅关注人工智能的基础知识，而且关注人工智能在日常生活中的实际应用”。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词 use，应用形容词 practical，作定语。故填 practical。
61．考查定语从句。句意： 华东师范大学教授陈玉坤，他也是这本书的撰稿人之一，说：“这本教科书不仅关注人工智能的基础知识，而且关注人工智能在日常生活中的实际应用”。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Chen Yukun，关系词在从句作主语，用
答案第 10 页，共 13 页
关系代词 who 引导。故填 who。
(
。
)62 ．考查动词时态。句意：截至目前，全国约有 40 所高中通过在课程中引入教科书，承担了成为 AI 高等教育试点项目第一批的任务。根据句子结构分析，此处作谓语动词。结合时间状语 Up till now 可知，动词用现在完成时，主语 40 high schools 为复数，助动词用 have故填 have undertaken。
63 ．考查介词。句意：截至目前，全国约有 40 所高中通过在课程中引入教科书，承担了成为 AI 高等教育试点项目第一批的任务。根据句意可知，此处表达“通过” ，作方式状语，用介词 by ，后接动名词作宾语。故填 by。
64．考查副词。句意：人工智能领域正面临全球人才短缺。分析句子结构，此处修饰整个句子，用副词 globally ，作状语。故填 globally。
65．考查冠词。句意：这本书的出版是一个突破，因为它把人工智能技术从理论塔中带了出来，使它成为高中学习的一部分。根据句意可知，此处表达“一个突破” ，用不定冠词，
breakthrough 是以辅音音素开头的词，应用 a 。故填 a。
66 ．范文
My favourite scientist is Marie Curie, who was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize.
Together with Pierre, she made several important scientific discoveries: she discovered
radium and polonium, and she developed the theory of radioactivity. They were awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. After her husband’s death in 1906, she continued their work and discovered that radium could be used to treat illnesses. I think that is her greatest contribution to science. In 1911, Marie received her second Nobel Prize-this time in Chemistry. To this day, no one else has received two Nobel Prizes in different sciences. Marie Curie also did a lot for other people. She helped injured soldiers during the First World War. She also founded the Curie
Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which are still major centres of medical research today.
The reason I admire Marie Curie is that she showed the world that women can make
important contributions to science. I hope that one day I can become a scientist like her.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生假如是李华，“学校科技节” 即将到来，你校英文报正在开展主题为“Scientists who changed the world” 的征文活动，请用英文写一篇文章，
介绍你最崇拜的科学家。 【详解】1.词汇积累
疾病：illnesses→sickness
答案第 11 页，共 13 页
成立：found→establish
重要的：important→vital
继续：continue→run on
2.句式拓展同义句转换
原句：The reason I admire Marie Curie is that she showed the world that women can make important contributions to science.
拓展句：I admire Marie Curie because she showed the world that women can make important contributions to science.
【点睛】[高分句型 1] The reason I admire Marie Curie is that she showed the world that women can make important contributions to science. (运用了 that 引导表语从句)
[高分句型 2] She also founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which are still major centres of medical research today. (运用了 which 引导非限制性定语从句)
67 ．Paragraph 1,
Many experts think that robots can’t be in place of all human jobs, so robots need to work
alongside with humans. The majority of jobs that have been displaced or that are at risk for being displaced are process-driven jobs. These are positions that can easily be automated, such as
manufacturing, customer service and transportation. Robots can’t take the place of the jobs that require a personal or creative touch. Displaced workers could potentially get retrained to apply
their skills elsewhere. A displaced customer service employee knows how to solve problems and be efficient. They could potentially reskill to build on their existing skills and work in a different area.Paragraph 2,
Even employees who aren’t at risk for being displaced should expand their skills. People
move between jobs more often these days, and that provides opportunities to expand their skills. The most prepared employees take advantage of online courses, community college classes and
industry seminars to expand their skills and even get certifications in new areas. Many companies already provide training and reskilling for their employees. Perhaps more organizations and
governments need to follow in their footsteps.
【导语】本文以机器人为线索而展开， 讲述了机器人已经开始取代小时工的工作，而且这种情况还会继续下去。我们需要停止回避这种情况，并创造真正的解决方案来帮助失业工人。
答案第 12 页，共 13 页
文章介绍了一些失业工人生存的方法。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“许多专家认为，机器人不能取代所有人类的工作，所以机器人需要与人类一起工作。”可知，第一段可描写机器人不能取代需要个人或创造性的工作。失业工人可能会接受再培训，将他们的技能应用到其他地方。
②由第二段首句内容“ 即使是没有被取代风险的员工也应该扩展他们的技能。”可知，第二 段可描写准备最充分的员工会利用在线课程、社区大学课程和行业研讨会来扩展他们的技能，甚至获得新领域的证书。
2.续写线索：不能取代所有人类工作——接受再培训——重新获得技术——扩展技能——利用课程——获得证书
3.词汇激活行为类
取代：take the place of /replace
要求：require/need
提供：provide /supply/offer情绪类
有效率：efficient /effective
【点睛】[高分句型 1] The majority of jobs that have been displaced or that are at risk for being displaced are process-driven jobs. (运用了 that 引导限制性定语从句)
[高分句型 2] A displaced customer service employee knows how to solve problems and be efficient. (运用了“疑问词+不定式”作宾语)
答案第 13 页，共 13 页

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