资源简介

Unit 2 No Rules, No Order
知识梳理
I. 重点单词
rule n. 规则；规章 follow v. 遵循；跟随
order n. 秩序；命令 v. 点菜；命令 arrive v. 到达
hallway n. 走廊 uniform n. 校服；制服
litter v. 乱认 n. 垃圾 polite adj. 有礼貌的
treat v. 对待；招待；治疗 n. 款待 respect n. & v. 尊敬
if conj. 如果 jacket n. 夹克衫；短上衣
everything pron. 每件事；一切 lend v. 借给；借出
sweet n. 糖果 adj. 甜的 snack n. 点心；小吃
mobile adj. 可移动的 queue n. 队
feed v. 喂养；留下 absent adj. 缺席的；不在的
shh (=sh) interj. 嘘（用以让别人安静下来） noise n. 声音；噪声
quietly adv. 轻声地；安静地 belt n. 安全带；腰带；皮带
unhappy adj. 不快乐的 Dr. (=doctor) 博士；医生
either adv. 也（用于否定词组后） practise v.训练；练习
weekday n. 工作日（星期一至星期五的任何一天） hang v. 悬挂
awful adj. 糟糕的；讨厌的 become v. 变成；成为
better adj. 较好的 adv. 较好地 person n. 人
focus v. 集中（注意力、精力等）；聚焦 build v. 创建；建造
spirit n. 精神；情绪 relax v. 放松；休息
advice n. 建议；意见 understand v. 理解；领会
untidy adj. 不整洁的
II. 重点短语
late for 迟到 on time 准时
have to 不得不 of course 当然
mobile phone 手机 turn off 关掉（水、电或煤气）
jump the queue 插队 absent from 缺席；不在
make sb.’s/the bed 整理床铺；铺床 hang out 闲逛；常去某处
focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于 think about 思考；考虑
III. 重点句子
1. What rules do we follow (p10)
follow rules 遵守规则 = keep rules
e.g.: Across the country, in many schools, students like us follow rules!（教材原句P11）
Keep the rules and let’s have fun!（教材原句P11）
2. Don’t be late for school. (p10)
late (for) 迟到 --
e.g.: Eric always follows the school rules; he never arrives late.
He gets up late this morning, so he is late for class.
【拓展】arrive/be late for school/class = go to school/class late
【习题】请为教材原句改一个同义句：
3. Arrive on time. (p10)
a. arrive的用法：
e.g.: We hope to arrive around two.
【辨析】arrive与get的区别：
①arrive + adv.; arrive in +大地点; arrive at +小地点
e.g.: arrive late/early
arrive here/home
I always arrive home before 9 p.m..
Please arrive at the train station early.
②get + adv.; get to +地点
e.g.: get there/home
When I get to school, it’ already 8:30.
【习题】在划线处填入适当词语（一空一词）
(1)--How can I ______ ______ the new museum
--Go straight and you can see it on your right.
(2)My cousin ______ ______ the small town in the morning.
(3)We ______ to school at 7:20 from Monday to Friday.
(4)我妈妈通常晚上七点钟到家。
My mother usually ______ home at 7:00 p.m.
(5)他们到英国后想去参观大本钟。
They want to visit Big Ben after they ______ in the UK.
b. on time的用法：
e.g.: Can you arrive on time for the school meeting tomorrow
【辨析】on time与in time的区别：前者意为“准时”，强调严格按照预定时间点，不早不晚；后者意为“及时”，强调在截止时间前或恰好在需要的时候完成，避免延误
e.g.: The train arrived on time .
The doctor came in time to save his life.
【习题】根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)他总是按时去上班。
He always goes to work ________ ________.
(2)感谢你及时来帮助我。
Thank you for helping me ________ ________.
(3)我们必须按时交报告。
We must hand in our report ________ ________.
(4)消防员及时赶到了，扑灭了大火。
The firemen arrived ________ ________ and put out the big fire.
4. Be polite and treat everyone with respect. (p10)
a. treat的用法：
e.g.: My host family treated me well.
Mom always treats me as a small child.
She treated me to lunch.
Let’s go for dinner -- my treat.
b. respect的用法：
e.g.: You should show respect to others.
Everybody needs to respect the old.
5. Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question. (p10)
a. put up的用法：
e.g.: Please put up your hand before you stand up and leave the room.
They put up their tents and stayed for the night.
They’re putting a picture on the wall.
b. ask的用法：
e.g.: Children like asking questions.
My mother asks me to finish my homework on time.
Visitors ask the native about delicious food in Chongqing.
The little girl asks the police for help.
6. Keeping the rules is good for us! (p11)
动名词作主语
e.g.: Drinking water can keep us healthy.
7. Raise your hand. (P11)
raise的用法：v. 筹集；使升高；饲养
e.g.: We need to raise money for the party.
Our teacher asks us to raise our voice.
My grandparents raised me up.
8. Here, I can lend you my pen. (p11)
lend的用法：
e.g.: My classmates often lend me their books.
=My classmates often lend their books to me.
【习题】请为教材原句改一个同义句：
【辨析】borrow, lend, keep的区别：
e.g.: Can I borrow a pencil from you Mine is at home.
Wendy never lends her bike to others.
You can keep the book for a week.
【习题】在划线处填入适当词语（用borrow, lend, keep填空）
(1)Can I __________ your pen Mine doesn’t work.
(2)Could you __________ me your book
(3)You can __________ my bike but you can’t __________ it to other.
(4)How long can I __________ the book
9. Would you like a sweet (p11)
a. would like的用法：
e.g.: I’d like a cup of coffee.
Would you like to have some tea
b. sweet的用法：表“糖果”（英式英语常见，美式常用candy） 时为可数名词，常用复数形式；表“甜食；甜点（泛指饭后甜点概念） ”时，常作不可数名词使用，但在英式英语中，也可以单数指具体的某道甜点
e.g.: She offered me some sweets .
Would you like some sweet
I don’t make a sweet today.
10. Oh, but we mustn’t bring our mobile phones to class. (p11)
bring的用法：
e.g.: Don’t forget to bring your books with you.
She brought her sister to the party.
Bring a present for Helen.
=Bring Helen a present.
【习题】在划线处填入适当词语
(1)You can’t bring your mobile phone ________ school.
(2)________ it away. I don’t need it.
(3)Could you ________ me a cup of tea
(4)I bring flowers ________ my mother every year.
11. We have to turn them off and keep them in our lockers. (p11)
a. turn off的用法：
e.g.: Please turn off the lights before you leave the room.
【拓展】与turn相关的常用短语：
e.g.: Can you turn up the TV
Could you please turn down the CD player a little
Turn on the computer, please.
【习题】在划线处填入适当词语
(1)You should turn ___________ your phone in class.
(2)Could you turn ___________ the radio I can’t hear clearly.
(3)Turn ___________ the music a little. The baby is sleeping.
(4)Let’s turn ___________ TV and watch the news.
b. keep的用法：
e.g.: Too much work keeps me busy and tired.
We must keep the class clean.
Keep quiet, please!
He kept me waiting for an hour.
12. You must/have to wait your turn. (p13)
a. wait的用法：
e.g.: We had to wait a week before we got the results.
She is waiting for her best friend at the school gate.
I can’t wait to go to the zoo.
b. turn的用法：
①v.“转动；转身；转弯”
e.g.: He turned the key in the lock.
She turned to look at me.
Now turn right to West Street.
②n.“转弯，转向；（多人依次）轮到的机会”
e.g.: Make a left/right turn into West Street.
Tonight it’s my turn to cook.
13. I feed my dog many kinds of food, but I can’t/mustn’t give him chocolate. (p13)
feed的用法：~ on sth. 以……为食
~ sb./sth. (on) sth. = ~ sth. to sb./sth. 给某人/某物喂某物
e.g.: I have to feed the chickens.
Birds feed on nuts and berries in the winter.
Farmers feed the sheep (on) grass.
=
14. Can you put on your seat belt (p13)
put on的用法：
e.g.: She put on her coat and went out.
Lily puts on a pair of glasses.
【辨析】put on, wear, dress, be in的区别：
e.g.: He turned off the television, put on his coat, and walked out.
She is wearing a black dress.
She dressed the children in their best clothes.
The girl in red is my classmate.
15. When I’m at school, I mustn’t use my phone in class either. (p14)
either的用法：
e.g.: Pete can’t go and I can’t either.
Either he could not come or he did not want to.
【辨析】either, too, also的区别：
e.g.: He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday either.
He attended the meeting yesterday too.
=
Tim is also a scientist.
We can also speak English.
15. After school, there are even more rules! (p14)
even的用法：
①置于系动词或助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前
②表示“甚至”时，通常应放在被修饰词语之前，否则会引起含义的变化
e.g.: Even now he doesn’t believe me. (强调副词)
Now even he doesn’t believe me. (强调代词)
Now he doesn’t even believe me. (强调动词)
Now he doesn’t believe even me. (强调代词)
③修饰形容词或副词的比较级，用以加强比较，意为“甚至更，愈加，还”
e.g.: This film is even more interesting than that one.
I often drive fast, but he drives even faster.
15. I can’t hang out with my friends on weekdays. (p14)
on weekdays 在工作日
at (BrE)/on (NAmE) weekends 在周末
e.g.: And you can hang out with friends at weekends!（教材原句P14）
16. You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning. (p14)
focus的用法：
①n.“焦点”
e.g.: Now the focus is on draining the water.
②v.“集中（注意力、精力等于）”
e.g.: Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.
The students focused their attention on the video the teacher played.
17. You have to wear a uniform because it builds school spirit. (p14)
a. build的用法：
e.g.: We want to build a better life.
People are going to build a bridge over the river.
【辨析】build与make的区别：前者强调“建造、构建”，指通过规划、搭建形成结构复杂的物体或抽象事物，需要较多步骤或工程性，多用于大型实体（如build a house）或抽象体系（如build a relationship）；make强调“制作、制造”，指将材料加工或组合成具体物品，步骤相对简单，适用范围广，可用于日常物品（如make a cake）或抽象事物（如make a decision）
b. spirit的用法：
e.g.: We should have a spirit of cooperation.
You must try and keep your spirits up.
At supper, everyone was in high/low spirits.
【拓展】与spirit相关的常用短语：
in good spirits 心情愉快 team spirit 团队精神
e.g.: She is always in good spirits, which makes everyone around her happy.
Playing team sports can help us develop good team spirit.
18. You can also think about the things you can do! (p14)
think about的用法：
e.g.: Please think about this problem carefully before you answer it.
My parents are thinking about taking a trip to Beijing during the summer holiday.
I am thinking about what to eat for lunch.
19. Remember: No rules, no order! (p14)
a. remember的用法：
e.g.: I still remember you!
Do you remember to bring your books
Lily doesn’t remember borrowing a pen from me.
b. order的用法：
①n.“治安，秩序，规矩；点菜，所点的饮食菜肴”
e.g.: We should keep order in the classroom.
There is good order in our school.
I would like to place an order for ten copies of this book.
②v.“点菜；订购；命令”
order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物
e.g.: He ordered himself a sandwich.
=
Don’t order him to cut his hair.
【拓展】与order相关的常用短语：
give orders 发出命令 follow one’s order服从命令 take one’s order点菜
e.g.: When the headmaster gives orders, everybody has to follow.
You don’t have to follow his order because you know it’s wrong.
May I take your order
20. I have to/must clean my room every day, and I can’t/mustn’t let my desk get untidy. (p15)
a. clean的用法：
①adj.“清洁的；干净的”
e.g.: He is always wearing clean clothes.
②v.“打扫；把......弄干净”
e.g.: We should clean the classroom before we leave our school.
【辨析】clean与clean up的区别：
b. get的用法：
e.g.: We get tired after a long walk.
It gets hot these days.
21. I can’t even relax at weekends, because I have to/must practise the violin every day! (p15)
a. relax的用法：
e.g.: Mum can relax after a day’s work.
I like to listen to light music to relax myself after a busy day.
Listening to light music is a relaxing activity.
After finishing homework, he feels relaxed.
b. practise的用法：
e.g.: He practises speaking English with his classmates every afternoon.
We need to practise more for the singing competition next month.
【拓展】其名词形式为practice
e.g.: Daily practice is important to improve your English.
22. What is your advice for each rule (p15)
advice的用法：
e.g.: My mother often gives me some good advice on study.
Can you give me 3 pieces of advice on how to learn English well
【拓展】其动词形式为advise
e.g.: The teacher advises us to read English every morning.
23. Don’t fight with your classmates. (p16)
fight的用法：
①v.“打架；打仗；斗争”
e.g.: My little brothers are always fighting.
He fights in the war.
Doctors fight for more than six hours to save his life.
②n.“打架；争吵；奋斗”
e.g.: He got into a fight with a man in the bar.
We had a fight over money.
Everybody fights for a better life.
24. Say “please” when you ask for help. (p16)
ask的用法：
e.g.: My brother likes asking questions.
He asked about her family.
Cindy asks her sister for a birthday present.
Mum asks me to finish my homework before going out.
四. 重点语法
1. 祈使句
a. 定义：祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等，通常省略主语you；其肯定形式常以动词原形开头，否定形式在动词原形前加don’t；为表示礼貌，可在句首或句末加please，当其放于句末时，前面通常加逗号
e.g.: Please walk in the hallway.
=Walk in the hallway, please.
Don’t litter.（教材原句P13）
b. 类型：
①Do型祈使句
肯定句：动词原形+宾语+其他
否定句：Don’t +动词原形+宾语+其他
e.g.: Wear the school uniform on school days, please.
Don’t watch TV before dinner.
②Be型祈使句
肯定句：Be +表语+其他
否定句：Don’t + be +表语+其他
e.g.: Be careful next time.
Don’t be late for school!
③Let型祈使句
肯定句：Let +宾语+动词原形+其他
否定句：Don’t + let +宾语+动词原形+其他
Let +宾语+ not +动词原形+其他
e.g.: Let’s have a rest.
Don’t let him go swimming in the river.
=Let him not go swimming in the river.
④其他类型的否定祈使句
No +v.-ing! / No + n.!
e.g.: No eating or drinking. 教材原句P13）
=Do not eat or drink.（教材原句P13）
【注意】可用never代替 don’t来加强语气
e.g.: Never give up!
c. 应答：肯定回答一般用will，否定回答一般用won’t
e.g.: --Please remember to bring your homework tomorrow. --Yes, I will.
--Don’t be late for school again. --Sorry, I won’t.
2. 情态动词
a. 情态动词can的用法：
①表示能力，意为“能；会”
e.g.: The twins can draw, but they can’t swim.
②表示请求或许可，意为“可以”
e.g.: --Can I borrow your eraser --Of course you can.
You can’t swim in the river.
③表示推测，常用否定形式can’t表示“不可能”
e.g.: The book can’t be Jim’s. Lucy’s name is on the cover.
b. 情态动词must的用法：
①表示主观义务，意为“应该，必须”，无人称和数的变化；其否定式mustn’t意为“决不能，不准”
e.g.: We must do something to protect the earth.
She must read a book before watching TV.
You mustn’t break the rules.
You mustn’t be late for school.
②表示肯定推测，意为“一定，必定”
e.g.: He must be our headmaster.
This book must be Lily’s because her name is on it.
③对must所提问题的否定回答，要用needn’t或don’t have to，意为“不必”，不能用mustn’t
e.g.: --Must I clean all the rooms --No, you needn’t / don’t have to.
【拓展】have to的用法：
①常强调客观要求，意为“不得不”，后接动词原形；有时态、人称和数的变化
e.g.: You have to go and get some food, Tom.
He has to drop out of school because his family is poor.
②需借助助动词do/does变否定句和疑问句
e.g.: You don’t have to get up early today.
--Do you have to look after your sister at home --Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.Unit 2 No Rules, No Order
知识梳理
I. 重点单词
rule n. 规则；规章 follow v. 遵循；跟随
order n. 秩序；命令 v. 点菜；命令 arrive v. 到达
hallway n. 走廊 uniform n. 校服；制服
litter v. 乱认 n. 垃圾 polite adj. 有礼貌的
treat v. 对待；招待；治疗 n. 款待 respect n. & v. 尊敬
if conj. 如果 jacket n. 夹克衫；短上衣
everything pron. 每件事；一切 lend v. 借给；借出
sweet n. 糖果 adj. 甜的 snack n. 点心；小吃
mobile adj. 可移动的 queue n. 队
feed v. 喂养；留下 absent adj. 缺席的；不在的
shh (=sh) interj. 嘘（用以让别人安静下来） noise n. 声音；噪声
quietly adv. 轻声地；安静地 belt n. 安全带；腰带；皮带
unhappy adj. 不快乐的 Dr. (=doctor) 博士；医生
either adv. 也（用于否定词组后） practise v.训练；练习
-se只作v.；-ce可作n.亦可作v.[NAmE]
weekday n. 工作日（星期一至星期五的任何一天） hang v. 悬挂
awful adj. 糟糕的；讨厌的 become v. 变成；成为
better adj. 较好的 adv. 较好地 person n. 人
focus v. 集中（注意力、精力等）；聚焦 build v. 创建；建造
spirit n. 精神；情绪 relax v. 放松；休息
advice n. 建议；意见 understand v. 理解；领会
untidy adj. 不整洁的
II. 重点短语
late for 迟到 on time 准时
have to 不得不 of course 当然
mobile phone 手机 turn off 关掉（水、电或煤气）
jump the queue 插队 absent from 缺席；不在
make sb.’s/the bed 整理床铺；铺床 hang out 闲逛；常去某处
focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于 think about 思考；考虑
III. 重点句子
1. What rules do we follow (p10) 我们要遵守哪些规则？
follow rules 遵守规则 = keep rules
e.g.: Across the country, in many schools, students like us follow rules!
（教材原句P11）在全国的许多学校，学生们都和我们一样遵守规则！
Keep the rules and let’s have fun!（教材原句P11）
在全国的许多学校，学生们都和我们一样遵守规则！
2. Don’t be late for school. (p10) 上学别迟到。
late (for) 迟到 -- on time
e.g.: Eric always follows the school rules; he never arrives late.
埃里克总是遵守校规，从不迟到。
He gets up late this morning, so he is late for class.
他今早起晚了，所以上课迟到了。
【拓展】arrive/be late for school/class = go to school/class late
【习题】请为教材原句改一个同义句：
key: Don’t go to school late.
3. Arrive on time. (p10) 准时到。
a. arrive的用法：
e.g.: We hope to arrive around two. 我们希望能在两点钟左右到达。
【辨析】arrive与get的区别：
①arrive + adv.; arrive in +大地点; arrive at +小地点
e.g.: arrive late/early 到得晚/早
arrive here/home 到这儿/到家
I always arrive home before 9 p.m.. 我总是在9点前到家。
Please arrive at the train station early. 请早一点到火车站。
②get + adv.; get to +地点
e.g.: get there/home 到那儿/到家
When I get to school, it’ already 8:30. 当我到学校的时候，已经八点半了。
【习题】在划线处填入适当词语（一空一词）
(1)--How can I ______ ______ the new museum
--Go straight and you can see it on your right.
(2)My cousin ______ ______ the small town in the morning.
(3)We ______ to school at 7:20 from Monday to Friday.
(4)我妈妈通常晚上七点钟到家。
My mother usually ______ home at 7:00 p.m.
(5)他们到英国后想去参观大本钟。
They want to visit Big Ben after they ______ in the UK.
key: (1)get to / arrive at (2)arrive in / get to (3)get (4)gets/arrives (5)arrive
b. on time的用法：
e.g.: Can you arrive on time for the school meeting tomorrow
你明天能按时参加学校会议吗？
【辨析】on time与in time的区别：前者意为“准时”，强调严格按照预定时间点，不早不晚；后者意为“及时”，强调在截止时间前或恰好在需要的时候完成，避免延误
e.g.: The train arrived on time . 火车准时到达。
The doctor came in time to save his life. 医生及时赶来救了他的命。
【习题】根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)他总是按时去上班。
He always goes to work ________ ________.
(2)感谢你及时来帮助我。
Thank you for helping me ________ ________.
(3)我们必须按时交报告。
We must hand in our report ________ ________.
(4)消防员及时赶到了，扑灭了大火。
The firemen arrived ________ ________ and put out the big fire.
key: (1)on time (2)in time (3)on time (4)in time
4. Be polite and treat everyone with respect. (p10)
要有礼貌并且以尊重对待每个人。
a. treat的用法：
e.g.: My host family treated me well. 我的寄宿家庭对我很好。
Mom always treats me as a small child. 妈妈总是把我当成小孩。
She treated me to lunch. 她请我吃午饭。
Let’s go for dinner -- my treat. 我们去吃饭吧—我请客。
b. respect的用法：
e.g.: You should show respect to others. 你应该对他人表示尊重。
Everybody needs to respect the old. 人人都需要尊重老人。
5. Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question. (p10)
如果你想要向老师提问，得举手。
a. put up的用法：
e.g.: Please put up/raise your hand before you stand up and leave the room.
在你起身离开房间前请举手。
They put up their tents and stayed for the night. 他们搭起帐篷，安歇下来。
They’re putting a picture on the wall. 他们正在墙上张贴一幅画。
b. ask的用法：
e.g.: Children like asking questions. 孩子们喜欢提问题。
My mother asks me to finish my homework on time. 我妈要求我准时完成作业。
Visitors ask the native about delicious food in Chongqing.
游客向当地人询问重庆的美食。
The little girl asks the police for help. 小女孩儿向警察求助。
6. Keeping the rules is good for us! (p11) 遵守规则有益于我们！
动名词作主语
e.g.: Drinking water can keep us healthy. 喝水能让我们保持健康。
7. Raise your hand. (P11) 举手。
raise的用法：v. 筹集；使升高；饲养
e.g.: We need to raise money for the party. 我们需要为排队筹钱。
Our teacher asks us to raise our voice. 我们的老师要求我们提高声音。
My grandparents raised me up. 我的祖父母把我养大。
8. Here, I can lend you my pen. (p11) 来，我可以把我的钢笔借给你。
lend的用法：
e.g.: My classmates often lend me their books. 同学们经常借书给我。
=My classmates often lend their books to me.
【习题】请为教材原句改一个同义句：
key: Here, I can lend my pen to you.
【辨析】borrow, lend, keep的区别：borrow意为“借入”，搭配borrow sth. from sb.；lend意为“借出”，搭配lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.；keep为延续性动词，本意为“保留；保存”，可与时间段连用
e.g.: Can I borrow a pencil from you Mine is at home.
我可以向你借一只铅笔吗？我的在家里。
Wendy never lends her bike to others. 温迪从来不把她的自行车借给别人。
You can keep the book for a week. 你可以借这本书一个星期。
【习题】在划线处填入适当词语（用borrow, lend, keep填空）
(1)Can I __________ your pen Mine doesn’t work.
(2)Could you __________ me your book
(3)You can __________ my bike but you can’t __________ it to other.
(4)How long can I __________ the book
key: (1)borrow (2)lend (3)borrow; lend (4)keep
9. Would you like a sweet (p11) 你想要甜点吗？
a. would like的用法：同want，注意句型转换差异；表建议无需转some为any
e.g.: I’d like a cup of coffee. 我想要一杯咖啡。
Would you like to have some tea 你想要喝一杯茶吗？
b. sweet的用法：表“糖果”（英式英语常见，美式常用candy） 时为可数名词，常用复数形式；表“甜食；甜点（泛指饭后甜点概念） ”时，常作不可数名词使用，但在英式英语中，也可以单数指具体的某道甜点
e.g.: She offered me some sweets . 她给了我一些糖果。
Would you like some sweet 你想吃点甜食吗？
I don’t make a sweet today. 我今天没做甜点。
10. Oh, but we mustn’t bring our mobile phones to class. (p11)
哎呀，但是我们不能把手机带到课堂上。
bring的用法：-- take
e.g.: Don’t forget to bring your books with you. 别忘了把书带来。
She brought her sister to the party. 她把姐姐带去参加聚会。
Bring a present for Helen. 给海伦带件礼物来。
=Bring Helen a present.
【习题】在划线处填入适当词语
(1)You can’t bring your mobile phone ________ school.
(2)________ it away. I don’t need it.
(3)Could you ________ me a cup of tea
(4)I bring flowers ________ my mother every year.
key: (1)to (2)Take (3)bring (4)for
11. We have to turn them off and keep them in our lockers. (p11)
我们必须关闭手机并将其存在储物柜里。
a. turn off的用法：-- turn on
e.g.: Please turn off the lights before you leave the room. 离开房间前请关灯。
【拓展】与turn相关的常用短语：
e.g.: Can you turn up the TV 你能把电视机的声音调大点吗？
Could you please turn down the CD player a little
你能把唱片播放机的声音关小一点吗？
Turn on the computer, please. 请打开电脑。
【习题】在划线处填入适当词语
(1)You should turn ___________ your phone in class.
(2)Could you turn ___________ the radio I can’t hear clearly.
(3)Turn ___________ the music a little. The baby is sleeping.
(4)Let’s turn ___________ TV and watch the news.
key: (1)off (2)up (3)down (4)on
b. keep的用法：
e.g.: Too much work keeps me busy and tired. 工作太多让我劳累。
We must keep the class clean. 我们必须保持班级干净。
Keep quiet, please! 请保持安静！
He kept me waiting for an hour. 他让我等了一小时。
12. You must/have to wait your turn. (p13) 你必须等着轮到你。
a. wait的用法：
e.g.: We had to wait a week before we got the results.
我们不得不等候一个星期才拿到了结果。
She is waiting for her best friend at the school gate.
她正在校门口等她最好的朋友。
I can’t wait to go to the zoo. 我等不及要去动物园了。
b. turn的用法：
①v.“转动；转身；转弯”
e.g.: He turned the key in the lock. 他转动钥匙开锁。
She turned to look at me. 她转身看着我。
Now turn right to West Street. 现在右转进西大街。
②n.“转弯，转向；（多人依次）轮到的机会”
e.g.: Make a left/right turn into West Street. 向左/右拐入西大街。
Tonight it’s my turn to cook. 今晚轮到我做饭。
13. I feed my dog many kinds of food, but I can’t/mustn’t give him chocolate. (p13) 我给我的狗喂许多种类的食物，但我决不能给他巧克力。
feed的用法：~ on sth. 以……为食
~ sb./sth. (on) sth. = ~ sth. to sb./sth. 给某人/某物喂某物
e.g.: I have to feed the chickens. 我必须喂鸡。
Birds feed on nuts and berries in the winter. 鸟类靠坚果和浆果过冬。
Farmers feed the sheep (on) grass. 农民给羊喂草。
=Farmers feed grass to the sheep.
14. Can you put on your seat belt (p13) 你能系上安全带吗？
put on的用法：
e.g.: She put on her coat and went out. 她穿上外套，出去了。
Lily puts on a pair of glasses. 莉莉戴上了一副眼镜。
【辨析】put on (动作), wear (状态), dress (动作), be in (状态)的区别：
dress v.“给......穿衣服”+人；n. 连衣裙 (be) in“穿/戴”的状态，+衣服/颜色
① 给某人/自己穿衣服dress sb./oneself (be) in blue / in a T-shirt
② 乔装打扮；穿上盛装dress up
③ 装扮成/装扮得像…... dress up as/like
④ 穿上衣服get dressed
⑤ 穿着…... (表状态) be dressed in+颜色/衣服
e.g.: He turned off the television, put on his coat, and walked out.
他关掉电视，穿上外套，走了出去。
She is wearing a black dress. 她穿着一套黑色连衣裙。
She dressed the children in their best clothes. 她给孩子们穿上了最漂亮的衣服。
The girl in red is my classmate. 穿红色衣服的女孩是我同学。
15. When I’m at school, I mustn’t use my phone in class either. (p14)
当我在校时，我也绝不能在课堂上用手机。
either的用法：
e.g.: Pete can’t go and I can’t either. 皮特不能去，我也不能。
Either he could not come or he did not want to.
他要么是不能来要么就是不想来。
【辨析】either, too, also的区别：either仅用于否定句句末；too可用于肯定句或疑问句句末，偏口语；also常用于肯定句，放在实义动词前，be动词、情态动词后，较正式
e.g.: He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday either. 他昨天也没有参加会议。
He attended the meeting yesterday too. 他昨天也参加了会议。
=He also attended the meeting yesterday.
Tim is also a scientist. 蒂姆也是科学家。
We can also speak English. 我们也会说英语。
15. After school, there are even more rules! (p14) 放学后，甚至有更多规则！
even的用法：
①置于系动词或助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前
②表示“甚至”时，通常应放在被修饰词语之前，否则会引起含义的变化
e.g.: Even now he doesn’t believe me. (强调副词)
甚至到现在他还不相信我。(其他时候就不用说了)
Now even he doesn’t believe me. (强调代词)
现在连他都不相信我了。(其他人就更不会相信我了)
Now he doesn’t even believe me. (强调动词)
现在他甚至不相信我了。(其他方面的事就更不可能了)
Now he doesn’t believe even me. (强调代词)
现在他甚至连我都不相信了。(其他人就更不会相信了)
③修饰形容词或副词的比较级，用以加强比较，意为“甚至更，愈加，还”
e.g.: This film is even more interesting than that one. 这部电影甚至比那部还有趣。
I often drive fast, but he drives even faster.
我开车经常开得很快，但他开得更快。
15. I can’t hang out with my friends on weekdays. (p14)
我工作日不能和朋友闲逛。
on weekdays 在工作日
at (BrE)/on (NAmE) weekends 在周末
e.g.: And you can hang out with friends at weekends!（教材原句P14）
16. You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning. (p14)
你不能在课上使用手机，因为你需要专注于学习。
focus的用法：
①n.“焦点”
e.g.: Now the focus is on draining the water. 现在的焦点是排水。
②v.“集中（注意力、精力等于）” ~ (sth.) (on/upon sb./sth.)
e.g.: Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.
每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
The students focused their attention on the video the teacher played.
学生们把注意力集中在老师播放的视频上。
17. You have to wear a uniform because it builds school spirit. (p14)
你必须穿校服，因为它能塑造学校精神。
a. build的用法：
e.g.: We want to build a better life. 我们想创造更美好的生活。
People are going to build a bridge over the river.
人们打算在那条河上建一座桥。
【辨析】build与make的区别：前者强调“建造、构建”，指通过规划、搭建形成结构复杂的物体或抽象事物，需要较多步骤或工程性，多用于大型实体（如build a house）或抽象体系（如build a relationship）；make强调“制作、制造”，指将材料加工或组合成具体物品，步骤相对简单，适用范围广，可用于日常物品（如make a cake）或抽象事物（如make a decision）
b. spirit的用法：“精神，心灵；情绪（复数）”
e.g.: We should have a spirit of cooperation. 我们应该有合作精神。
You must try and keep your spirits up (= stay cheerful).
你必须设法保持高昂的情绪。
At supper, everyone was in high/low spirits. 晚饭时每个人都情绪高昂/低落。
【拓展】与spirit相关的常用短语：
in good spirits 心情愉快 team spirit 团队精神
e.g.: She is always in good spirits, which makes everyone around her happy.
她总是情绪很好，让身边的人都很开心。
Playing team sports can help us develop good team spirit.
参加团队运动能帮助我们培养良好的团队精神。
18. You can also think about the things you can do! (p14)
你也可以想想你能做的事情！
think about的用法：about后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语
e.g.: Please think about this problem carefully before you answer it.
回答这个问题前，请仔细思考。
My parents are thinking about taking a trip to Beijing during the summer holiday.
我父母在考虑暑假去北京旅行。
I am thinking about what to eat for lunch. 我在考虑午饭吃什么。
19. Remember: No rules, no order! (p14) 记住：没有规矩，不成方圆！
a. remember的用法：
e.g.: I still remember you! 我还记得你！
Do you remember to bring your books 你记得带上书了吗？
Lily doesn’t remember borrowing a pen from me. 莉莉不记得借过我的笔了。
b. order的用法：
①n.“（不可数）治安，秩序，规矩；（可数）点菜，所点的饮食菜肴”
e.g.: We should keep order in the classroom. 我们应该在教室里保持秩序。
There is good order in our school. 我们学校有良好的秩序。
I would like to place an order for ten copies of this book. 这本书我想订购十册。②v.“点菜；订购；命令”
order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物
e.g.: He ordered himself a sandwich. = He ordered a sandwich for himself.
他为自己点了一个三明治。
Don’t order him to cut his hair. 不要命令他去剪头发。
【拓展】与order相关的常用短语：
give orders 发出命令 follow one’s order服从命令 take one’s order点菜
e.g.: When the headmaster gives orders, everybody has to follow.
当校长下达命令时，每个人都要遵守。
You don’t have to follow his order because you know it’s wrong.
明知命令有误，就不用听从命令。
May I take your order 您现在点菜吗？
20. I have to/must clean my room every day, and I can’t/mustn’t let my desk get untidy. (p15) 我每天必须打扫我的房间，而且我不能让我的书桌变得不整洁。
a. clean的用法：
①adj.“清洁的；干净的”近义词tidy，反义词dirty
e.g.: He is always wearing clean clothes. 他总是穿着干净的衣服。
②v.“打扫；把......弄干净”
e.g.: We should clean the classroom before we leave our school.
【辨析】clean与clean up的区别：
b. get的用法：get + adj.表“变得......”
e.g.: We get tired after a long walk. 走了很长一段路后，我们变得很疲惫。
It gets hot these days. 这些天天气变热了。
21. I can’t even relax at weekends, because I have to/must practise the violin every day! (p15) 因为我必须每天练习小提琴，所以我甚至在周末都不能放松。
a. relax的用法：vi. & vt.（使动）
e.g.: Mum can relax after a day’s work. 在一天的工作后，妈妈可以休息了。
I like to listen to light music to relax myself after a busy day.
忙碌一天后，我喜欢听轻音乐来放松自己。
Listening to light music is a relaxing activity. 听轻音乐是一项令人放松的活动。
After finishing homework, he feels relaxed. 做完作业后，他感到很放松。
b. practise的用法：v. [BrE]; [NAmE] practice
e.g.: He practises speaking English with his classmates every afternoon.
他每天下午和同学练习说英语。
We need to practise more for the singing competition next month.
为了下个月的歌唱比赛，我们需要多训练。
【拓展】其名词形式为practice（亦可在美式英语中作动词）
e.g.: Daily practice is important to improve your English.
日常练习对提高英语很重要。
22. What is your advice for each rule (p15) 你对每条规则有什么建议？
advice的用法：
e.g.: My mother often gives me some good advice on study.
妈妈经常给我一些关于学习的好建议。
Can you give me 3 pieces of advice on how to learn English well
你能给我三条如何学好英语的建议吗？
【拓展】其动词形式为advise
e.g.: The teacher advises us to read English every morning.
老师建议我们每天早上读英语。
23. Don’t fight with your classmates. (p16) 别和你的同学打架。
fight的用法：
①v.“打架；打仗；斗争”
e.g.: My little brothers are always fighting. 我的弟弟们总在打架。
He fights in the war. 他参加了战争。
Doctors fight for more than six hours to save his life.
医生抢救了六个多小时，以求保住他的生命。
②n.“打架；争吵；奋斗”
e.g.: He got into a fight with a man in the bar. 他在酒吧里和一个男人斗殴。
We had a fight over money. 我们为钱吵了一架。
Everybody fights for a better life. 人人都为更好的生活而奋斗。
24. Say “please” when you ask for help. (p16) 当你索要帮助时要说“请”。
ask的用法：
e.g.: My brother likes asking questions. 我的弟弟喜欢问问题。
He asked about her family. 他询问了她的家庭情况。
Cindy asks her sister for a birthday present. 辛迪向她的姐姐索要生日礼物。
Mum asks me to finish my homework before going out.
妈妈要求我出去之前把作业做完。
四. 重点语法
1. 祈使句
a. 定义：祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等，通常省略主语you；其肯定形式常以动词原形开头，否定形式在动词原形前加don’t；为表示礼貌，可在句首或句末加please，当其放于句末时，前面通常加逗号
e.g.: Please walk in the hallway. 请在走廊里走路。
=Walk in the hallway, please.
Don’t litter.（教材原句P13）别乱扔垃圾。
b. 类型：
①Do型祈使句
肯定句：动词原形+宾语+其他
否定句：Don’t +动词原形+宾语+其他
e.g.: Wear the school uniform on school days, please. 上学日请穿校服。
Don’t watch TV before dinner. 晚饭前不要看电视。
②Be型祈使句
肯定句：Be +表语+其他
否定句：Don’t + be +表语+其他
e.g.: Be careful next time. 下次要小心。
Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
③Let型祈使句
肯定句：Let +宾语+动词原形+其他
否定句：Don’t + let +宾语+动词原形+其他
Let +宾语+ not +动词原形+其他
e.g.: Let’s have a rest. 咱们休息一下吧。
Don’t let him go swimming in the river. 别让他去河里游泳。
=Let him not go swimming in the river. 让他别再河里游泳。
④其他类型的否定祈使句
No +v.-ing! / No + n.!
e.g.: No eating or drinking. 教材原句P13）禁止吃喝。
=Do not eat or drink.（教材原句P13）
【注意】可用never代替 don’t来加强语气
e.g.: Never give up! 决不放弃!
c. 应答：肯定回答一般用will，否定回答一般用won’t
e.g.: --Please remember to bring your homework tomorrow. --Yes, I will.
—请记得明天把你的家庭作业带过来。—好的,我会的。
--Don’t be late for school again. --Sorry, I won’t.
—上学不要再迟到了。—对不起,我不会了。
2. 情态动词：不能独立作谓语，其后必须接动词原形
a. 情态动词can的用法：
①表示能力，意为“能；会”
e.g.: The twins can draw, but they can’t swim.
那对双胞胎会画画，但是他们不会游泳。
②表示请求或许可，意为“可以”
e.g.: --Can I borrow your eraser --Of course you can.
—我可以借用一下你的橡皮吗 —当然可以。
You can’t swim in the river. 你不可以在河里游泳。
③表示推测，常用否定形式can’t表示“不可能”
e.g.: The book can’t be Jim’s. Lucy’s name is on the cover.
这本书不可能是吉姆的。露西的名字在封面上。
b. 情态动词must的用法：
①表示主观义务，意为“应该，必须”，无人称和数的变化；其否定式mustn’t意为“决不能，不准”
e.g.: We must do something to protect the earth. 我们必须做点什么来保护地球。
(主观看法)
She must read a book before watching TV. 她在看电视前必须读书。
You mustn’t break the rules. 你不准破坏规定。
You mustn’t be late for school. 你上学决不能迟到。
②表示肯定推测，意为“一定，必定”
e.g.: He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长。
This book must be Lily’s because her name is on it.
这本书一定是莉莉的，因为上面有她的名字。
③对must所提问题的否定回答，要用needn’t或don’t have to，意为“不必”，不能用mustn’t
e.g.: --Must I clean all the rooms --No, you needn’t / don’t have to.
—我必须打扫所有的房间吗？—不，你不必。
【拓展】have to的用法：
①常强调客观要求，意为“不得不”，后接动词原形；有时态、人称和数的变化
e.g.: You have to go and get some food, Tom. 汤姆，你得去买一些食物来。
He has to drop out of school because his family is poor.
因为家里穷，他不得不退学。（客观要求）
②需借助助动词do/does变否定句和疑问句
e.g.: You don’t have to get up early today. 你今天不必早起。
--Do you have to look after your sister at home --Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
—你得在家照看你的妹妹吗 —是的，我得照看。/ 不，我不必照看。

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