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人教版八年级英语下册 Unit 3 Growing Up单元知识
【Useful expressions】
1. grow up
2. deal with 处理；对付
3. fail a test 考试不及格
4. live alone 独自生活
5.fight with a friend 和朋友吵架/打架
6. talk to 和......交谈
7. control one's anger 控制自己的愤怒
8. worry about 担心
9. say sorry to each other 互相道歉
10.care about 关心;在乎
11.accept one's suggestion 接受某人的建议
12. birthday present 生日礼物
13. mean alot 意义重大
14. argue with a friend 和朋友争论
15. lose a match 输掉比赛
16. in the end最后:最终
17. in future 今后;从今以后
18. clear the air 尽释前嫌
pare...with...把......和......作比较
20. get better grades 取得更好的成绩
21. get across 使理解;讲清楚
22. write down 写下;记下
23. on purpose 故意地
24. put oneself in sb's shoes 换位思考;设身处地为他人着想
25. take a break 休息一下
26. not only... but also ... 不但.....而且
27. go for a walk 去散步
28. shut sb away 把某人关起来;隔离某人
29. plenty of 大量;许多
30. feel blue 感到沮丧
31. feel on top of the world 感到无比幸福;欣喜
32. let sb down 让某人失望
33. because of 因为;由于
34.be hard on 对......苛刻;对......严厉
35. take back 收回;拿回
36. kick oneself 自责; 懊悔
37. look on the bright side 往好的方面看
38. be proud of 为......感到骄傲
39. as well 也;还
40. a bit 一点儿;稍微
41. learn from向......学习;从......中吸取教训
42. pull together 齐心协力;团结起来
43.even though 即使;虽然
44. make a mistake 犯错
45. shout at 对......大喊大叫
46. get mad生气;发怒
47. from time to time 偶尔;不时
48. adfter all 毕竟;终究
49. stay calm=calm down 保持冷静
50.take a deep breath 深呼吸
51. take a walk 散步
52. up to 多达;直到; 取决于
53. pass away去世;逝世
54. focus on 专注于;集中注意力于
【Target sentences】
1. How do we deal with our emotions
2. Ella advised Peter to call Harry.
3. Harry borrowed a guitar from Peter.
4. Harry stopped speaking to Peter.
5.Peter accepted Ella's suggestion and called Harry so that he could say sorry.
6. How did that make you feel
I was very upset, and I was afraid to tell my dad about it too.
7.They often compare me with my cousin, Kate.
8. I'm sure your parents just want you to do well,although they may not show it.
9.Why don't you talk to them
10.Until you talk to them, they might not know how you feel.
11.How about writing them a letter so that you can get your message across clearly
12.If you did or said something wrong,you should say sorry.
13.Share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away.
14.Although people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn't always mean that they did it on purpose.
15.Matt entered the classroom with a heavy heart.
16.Matt was as shocked as anyone when the accident happened.
17.It's more important to learn from your mistakes so that you don't repeat them in future.
18.The musician apologized for disappointing everyone when he fell sick and couldn’t attend the show.
19.Although it is normal to get mad at others from time to time, we should always try our best to control our anger instead of expressing it in bad ways.
20.Luckily, there are a few simple things you can do to stay calm.
21.Getting angry is normal, but what you choose to do with your anger is up to you!
22.You took the time to help me,although you were so busy.
23.Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.
【Language points】
1. How do we deal with our emotions
① deal with 处理；解决（问题、事务）；对付；应对（人、困难）
过去式/过去分词：dealt
常见搭配：deal with a problem/question（处理一个问题）；
deal with difficulties/trouble（应对困难/麻烦）
【拓展延伸】辨析 deal with 与 do with：
词组 意义及用法
deal with “处理；应对”，常与how连用
do with “处理；处置”，常与what连用
② emotion n. 情感；情绪
表泛指“情绪/情感”这一抽象概念时为不可数名词；表具体情感类型时为可数名词（例：different emotions 不同的情绪）
emotional adj.情绪的；情感的
emotionally adv.情绪上；情感上
It is important for teenagers to control their emotions.青少年学会控制情绪很重要。
2. Ella advised Peter to call Harry.
advise v. 建议；劝告
核心用法：advise sb. to do sth.（建议某人做某事）
其他用法：advise doing sth.（建议做某事）；advise that sb. (should) do sth.（虚拟语气）
名词形式：advice n.（不可数）→ a piece of advice（一条建议）
词性及意义 常见搭配
advise为动词，意为“劝告；建议” ①advise doing sth. 建议做某事 ②advise sb. （not） to do sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事 ③advise that sb. （should） do sth. 建议某人（应该）做某事
advice为不可数名词，意为“劝告；建议” ①a piece of advice一条建议 ②ask sb. for advice向某人征求建议 ③give sb. advice （on/about sth.） （就某事）给某人建议 ④take/follow one’s advice采纳某人的建议
3. Harry borrowed a guitar from Peter.
borrow...from... 从…借入…
核心辨析：borrow（借入） vs lend（借出） vs keep（借一段时间，延续性动词）
词组 意义及用法
borrow from 借入（短暂性）
lend to 借出（短暂性）
keep 借用（延续性，可与时间段连用）
4. Harry stopped speaking to Peter.
stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停止正在做的事）
核心辨析：stop doing sth. vs stop to do sth.
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情
stop to do sth. 停下来（当前事）去做另一件事
② speak to sb. 对某人说话；和某人交谈
拓展：speak + 语言（例：speak English 说英语）
5. Peter accepted Ella's suggestion and called Harry so that he could say sorry.
① accept v. 接受（主观上愿意接受）
核心辨析：accept（主观接受） vs receive（客观收到，不一定接受）
例：I received a gift but didn’t accept it.
② suggestion n. 建议（可数名词）
对比：advice n.（不可数）→ a suggestion = a piece of advice
③ so that 以便；为了（引导目的状语从句，从句常含 can/could 等情态动词）
同义表达：in order that
④ say sorry (to sb.)（向某人）道歉
同义表达：apologize (to sb.)
6. How did that make you feel I was very upset, and I was afraid to tell my dad about it too.
① make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事（主动语态省 to；被动语态需还原 to：be made to do sth.）
例：He was made to work 12 hours a day.
② be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事（不敢去做）
核心辨析：be afraid to do sth. vs be afraid of doing sth.
be afraid to do : 害怕（不敢）去做某事
be afraid of doing: 担心某事会发生
③ tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
拓展：tell sb. (not) to do sth.（告诉某人（不要）做某事）
7. They often compare me with my cousin, Kate.
① compare...with... 把…和…比较（侧重对比差异）
词组 意义及用法
compare... with... 意为“把……和……作比较”，常表示同类相比、比较。
compare... to... 意为“把……比作……”，常表示异类相比、比喻。另外，还可表示“把……与……比较”，此时可与compare...with...互换。
名词形式：comparison n. 比较
8. I'm sure your parents just want you to do well, although they may not show it.
① be sure (that)... 确信…；肯定…
拓展：be sure to do sth.（务必做某事）；be sure of sth.（对某事有把握）
② want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
同义表达：would like sb. to do sth.
③ do well 做得好；表现好
拓展：do well in... = be good at...（擅长…）
④ although conj. 虽然；尽管（引导让步状语从句，不能与 but 连用）
例：Although he is tired, he still works hard.
⑤ show v. 展示；表明
搭配：show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.（向某人展示某物）
9. Why don't you talk to them
① Why don't you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？（提建议句型）
同义表达：Why not do sth.
其他提建议：How about doing... / You should do...
② talk to sb. 对某人说话（侧重一方说）
拓展：talk with sb.（和某人交谈，侧重双方互动）
10. Until you talk to them, they might not know how you feel.
① until conj. 直到…为止（引导时间状语从句）
核心结构：not...until...（直到…才…）
例：I didn’t go to bed until my mom came back.
时态：主句用将来时/情态动词，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）
② how you feel 你感觉如何（how 引导宾语从句，需用陈述语序）
11. How about writing them a letter so that you can get your message across clearly
① How about doing sth. 做某事怎么样？（提建议句型，后接动名词）
同义表达：What about doing sth.
② write sb. a letter 给某人写一封信
同义表达：write a letter to sb.
③ so that 以便；为了（引导目的状语从句，同句5）
④ get across 使理解；讲清楚；把…传达给别人
例：I can’t get my idea across to him.
12. If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry.
① if conj. 如果（引导条件状语从句，表过去假设/真实条件）
时态：真实条件遵循“主将从现”；虚拟条件用过去式
② something wrong 错误的事（形容词修饰不定代词时，需后置）
例：nothing important（没什么重要的）
③ should modal v. 应该（后接动词原形，表建议/责任）
否定形式：shouldn’t（不应该）
13. Share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away.
① share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某事/某物
例：share happiness and sadness with friends
② instead of doing sth. 而不是做某事；代替做某事（后接动名词）
对比：instead adv.（单独使用，放句末）
例：I didn’t go to the park. I stayed at home instead.
词汇 意义及用法
instead 副词，意为“代替；反而”，用于句首或句尾，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。
instead of 介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词或动名词等。
③ shut away 把…关起来；隔离；使不与人接触
例：Don’t shut yourself away（别把自己封闭起来）
④ someone you trust 你信任的人（定语从句，省略关系代词 that/who）
14. Although people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn't always mean that they did it on purpose.
① although conj. 虽然；尽管（引导让步状语从句，同句8）
② hurt v. 伤害；使受伤（可指身体/情感伤害）
例：hurt one’s feelings（伤害某人的感情）
③ mean that... 意味着…（that 引导宾语从句）
拓展：mean to do sth.（打算做某事）；mean doing sth.（意味着做某事）
④ on purpose 故意地；有意地
同义表达：by design；反义：by accident（偶然地）
15. Matt entered the classroom with a heavy heart.
① enter v. 进入（及物动词，直接加地点，不加 into）同义表达：go into / come into
② with a heavy heart 心情沉重地（介词短语作状语，表伴随）
反义：with a light heart（心情轻松地）
16. Matt was as shocked as anyone when the accident happened.
① as...as... 和…一样…（原级比较，中间加形容词/副词原级）
否定形式：not as/so...as...（不如…）
② shocked adj. 感到震惊的（修饰人）
对比：shocking adj. 令人震惊的（修饰事物）
例：a shocked boy；a shocking news
③ when conj. 当…时候（引导时间状语从句）
④ happen v. 发生（偶然发生，无被动语态）
辨析：happen（偶然） vs take place（有计划发生）
17. It's more important to learn from your mistakes so that you don't repeat them in future.
① It's + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…的（it 为形式主语，真正主语是不定式）
例：It’s important to learn English well.
② more important 更重要的（important 的比较级，多音节词加 more）
最高级：the most important
③ learn from... 从…中学习；从…中吸取教训
例：learn from one’s mistakes
④ so that 以便；为了（引导目的状语从句，同句5/11）
⑤ in future 今后；从今以后
对比：in the future（将来；未来，指较远的将来）
18. The musician apologized for disappointing everyone when he fell sick and couldn’t attend the show.
① apologize for doing sth. 因做某事而道歉
同义表达：say sorry for doing sth.
名词形式：apology n. → make an apology (to sb.)
② disappointing adj. 令人失望的（修饰事物）
对比：disappointed adj. 感到失望的（修饰人）
③ fall sick 生病（fall 为系动词，后接形容词作表语）
同义表达：get sick / become ill
④ attend the show 参加演出；出席演出
拓展：attend school（上学）；attend a meeting（参加会议）
19. Although it is normal to get mad at others from time to time, we should always try our best to control our anger instead of expressing it in bad ways.
① It's + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…的（形式主语结构，同句17）
② get mad at sb. 生某人的气；对某人发火
同义表达：be angry with sb.
③ from time to time 有时；偶尔；不时
同义表达：at times / sometimes
④ try one's best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
同义表达：do one's best to do sth.
⑤ control one's anger 控制某人的愤怒
拓展：lose control（失控）
⑥ instead of doing sth. 而不是做某事（同句13）
⑦ express...in...ways 用…方式表达…
例：express your feelings in words
20. Luckily, there are a few simple things you can do to stay calm.
① Luckily adv. 幸运地（放句首作状语，修饰整个句子）
形容词：lucky；名词：luck
② a few 一些；几个（修饰可数名词复数，表肯定）
对比：few（几乎没有，表否定）；a little（修饰不可数名词，表肯定）；little（修饰不可数名词，表否定）
③ things you can do 你能做的事（定语从句，省略关系代词 that/which）
④ stay calm 保持冷静（stay 为系动词，后接形容词作表语）同义表达：keep calm / remain calm
21. Getting angry is normal, but what you choose to do with your anger is up to you!
① Getting angry 生气（动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数）
例：Reading is good for you.
② but conj. 但是（连接并列句，表转折）
③ what you choose to do with your anger（what 引导主语从句，陈述语序）
④ be up to sb. 由某人决定；取决于某人
例：It’s up to you to decide where to go.
⑤ do with 处理；处置（常与 what 连用，同句1拓展）
22. You took the time to help me, although you were so busy.
① take the time to do sth. 花时间做某事；抽出时间做某事
拓展：take time to do sth. = spend time (in) doing sth.
② although conj. 虽然；尽管（引导让步状语从句，同句8/14）
③ be busy (doing sth./with sth.) 忙于（做）某事
例：He is busy doing his homework. = He is busy with his homework.
Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.
not only... but also... 不但……而且……，not only ... but also... 应连接两个对称的并列成分，连接两个主语时谓语动词要采用就近原则。
Not only Mr. Lin but also his son loves the movie. 不但林先生而且他的儿子也喜欢这部电影。
【拓展】常见的就近原则的结构有：
① neither...nor... 既不……也不…… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
②either...or...不是……就是…… (两者中的一个)
Either you or Lily is a student. 不是你就是莉莉是学生。
③there be结构
There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
【Grammar Focus】if, until，so that，although引导的状语从句
语法概述：在复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
功能：九大状语从句分别表示（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、比较） 等意义。
位置：位置灵活，可用于主句之前或之后。
语法思维导图：

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