资源简介

(共75张PPT)
高中英语 选择性必修 第三册
Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
语言知识梳理
1. qualified adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)(qualify v.使具备资格 qualification n.资格;学历)
·be qualified for/to do sth
有……的资格/有资格做某事
·qualify sb for sth/to do sth
使某人有资格做某事
·have the qualification for/to do sth
有……的资格/有资格做某事
2. enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的(enthusiastically adv.满腔热情地;热心地 enthusiasm n.热情;热忱)
·be enthusiastic about (doing) sth
对(做)某事有热情
·lack/be full of enthusiasm
缺乏/充满热情
with enthusiasm=enthusiastically
热情地
3. aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)[board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n.木板;董事会;伙食 broad adj.宽阔的;广阔的 abroad adv.在/到国外;在/到海外]
·go aboard上船(飞机、公共汽车等)
·on board 在船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)上
·go abroad出国
4. envy n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌(envious adj.忌妒的;羡慕的)
·with envy羡慕地;忌妒地
green with envy
忌妒得眼红;十分羡慕/忌妒
·envy sb (doing) sth
羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事
·be envious of羡慕;妒忌
5. abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 n.放任;放纵(abandoned adj.被遗弃的;放纵的)
·abandon oneself to (doing) sth
沉湎于(做)某事;纵情于(做)某事
·with abandon 放纵地;放任地
·be abandoned to (doing) sth
沉湎于(做)某事
6. resolve vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念(resolution n.决议;解决;坚定 resolute adj.坚决的;有决心的)
·resolve to do sth 决定做某事
·make a resolution (to do sth)
下定决心(做某事)
as…as…
How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!我怎么能变得像Thomas Orde-Lees 一样自私、脾气暴躁呢!
as…as…意为“和……一样……”,表示同级比较。其中第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词或介词。其基本用法为:as+adj./adv.+as…,还有如下用法:
·否定式:not as/so+adj./adv.+as…
·倍数+as+adj./adv.+as…
·as much/many+名词+as…
单元语法深析
观察下面的句子,并感知现在完成进行时的用法。
1. An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
2. We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
3. We have been discussing the matter several times this year.
4. His eyes ache.He has been sitting in front of the computer all afternoon.
5. He has not been working since he was fired three months ago.
1. 现在完成进行时的构成和用法
(1)构成
现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+现在分词”构成的。
People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
人们纷纷带着孩子前来观看这些母鸡,居民们也来坐在外面看母鸡。
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.(2021·全国乙卷)
自古希腊时代以来,人们就不断涌入体育场。
(2)用法
①表示动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在且有可能还在继续。现在完成进行时常和all this time、 this week、 this month、 all night、 all morning、 recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
很难说到底有多少人同意他的观点,但研究表明,这一数字已经上升了一段时间。
She has been reciting the words all morning.她整个上午都在背单词。
②表示动作刚刚结束。
My paper is finished finally.I have been working on it all morning.
我的论文终于写完了。我整个上午都在写论文。
③表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作。
He has been making such mistakes for almost 3 years. 他犯这样的错误已经快3年了。
We have been cutting down too many trees since 5 years ago.
自5年前以来,我们砍伐了太多的树木。
④表达较重的感彩。
Why have you been making the same mistake recently 最近你为什么一直犯同样的错误
Time has been flying so quickly!
时间过得可真快啊!
2. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成进行时 现在完成时
强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 √
强调动作的延续性 √
强调动作重复 √
表达生动,含有感彩 √
说明一个事实、一种影响或结果 √
(1)The libraries have been transforming themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge,meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.(尚未完成)
这些图书馆正在将自己转变为一个可以培养你对知识的热爱,结识有趣的人,或者了解如何创业的地方。
They(The libraries)have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge,meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.(已经完成,2020·天津7月卷)
它们(这些图书馆)已经将自己转变为一个可以培养你对知识的热爱,结识有趣的人,或者了解如何创业的地方。
(2)The style of farming has been changing since the rise of science.(强调动作)
自从科学兴起以来,耕作方式一直在改变。
The style of farming has changed with the rise of science.(强调结果)
随着科学的兴起,耕作方式发生了变化。
(3)She has always been working like that.(具有感彩——表示赞许)
她一贯是那样工作的。
All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting involved.(陈述事实,2020·天津7月卷)
所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。
1. 单句语法填空
(1)—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I 　 　 (practise) a lot these days.
(2)He 　 　 (write) articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher.
(3)He is ill.He 　 　 (lie) in bed for three weeks.
have been practising
has been writing
has been lying
(4)In the last five years, Cao 　 　 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro.(2022·全国甲卷)
(5)They 　 　 (widen) the road these days, which will be finished soon.
(6)All these years they 　 　 (contribute) articles to our magazine.
has walked
have been widening
have been contributing
2. 补全句子
(1)My clothes are all wet.I 　 　.
我的衣服全湿了。我一直在雨中干活。
(2)She is very tired.She 　 　.
她很累了。她一整天都在录入信件。
have been working in the rain
has been typing letters all day
(3)It is the most interesting novel that I 　 　.
这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。
(4)In the past few years, 　 .
　 .
在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
have ever read
great changes have taken place in my
hometown
单元主题表达
本单元的写作任务是写一篇书评。我们读完一本书,想要就这本书发表一些看法,并把这些看法写成文章,这就是书评。书评属于夹叙夹议类文体,要简单介绍图书的基本内容,并对其特点、风格、思想内涵、艺术价值等给予简明扼要的评论。语言要言简意赅;点评要画龙点睛。具体写作格式如图所示:
1. 开头句
(1)His Dark Materials by the English writer, Philip Pullman, is one of the greatest fantasy novels.
英国作家Philip Pullman的《黑暗物质三部曲》是最伟大的幻想小说之一。
(2)Published in 1995, it has sold 18 million copies and has been translated into more than 40 languages.
该书于1995年出版,已售出1,800万册,并被翻译成40多种语言。
2. 中间句
It was a very tough trip, and no one could imagine the danger ahead of them.
这是一次非常艰苦的旅行,没有人能想象他们将要面对的危险。
3. 结尾句
Maybe the book report should be objective but I have to say this book touches my heart deeply.
也许读书报告应该是客观的,但我不得不说,这本书深深地触动了我的心。
单元要点回顾
1. 工资n.　 　
2. 严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的adj.　 　
3. 热情的;热心的adj.　 　
4. 相当不错的;正派的;得体的adj.　 　
5. 符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) adj.　 　
wage
bitter
enthusiastic
decent
qualified
6. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) adv.& prep.　 　
7. 分派;布置;分配vt. .　　　　　
8. 羡慕;妒忌n.& vt.　 　
9. 沉没;下沉;下降vi. 使下沉;使沉没vt.　 　
10. 舍弃;抛弃;放弃vt. 　
11. 财物;动产n. [pl.] 　 　
12. 痛苦的;令人难受的adj.　 　
13. 航海;航行n.& vi. 　
aboard
assign
envy
sink
abandon
belongings
miserable
voyage
14. 海军;海军部队n.　 　
15. 脾气好的/坏的adj.　 　
16. 真正的;真诚的;可信赖的adj.　 　
17. 坚持;孜孜以求vi. 　
18. 决议;解决;坚定n.　 　
19. 决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) vi.& vt. 决心;
坚定的信念n.　 　
navy
good/bad-tempered
genuine
persevere
resolution
resolve
20. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员;
专业团队;一群人n.　 　
21. 残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的adj.　 　
22. 深入的;彻底的;细致的adj.　 　
23. 家具n. 　
24. 幸运地adv.　 　
25. (狗)吠叫;吠叫声vi.& n.　 　
26. 潮湿的;湿气重的adj.　 　
crew
cruel
thorough
furniture
fortunately
bark
damp
27. 娱乐;消遣;游戏n. 　
28. 指导;引导;导航n.　 　
29. 公布;宣传;做广告vt.& vi.　 　
30. 汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的adj.　 　
31. 忠诚的;忠实的adj. 　
32. 候选人;应试者n.　 　
33. 承诺;保证;奉献n. 　
34. 动机;原因;目的n.　 　
recreation
guidance
advertise
rough
loyal
candidate
commitment
motive
35. Confucianism 　 　
36. cosy 　 　
37. selfish 　
38. adversity 　 　
39. endurance 　
40. vigour 　 　
41. cupboard 　 　
42. steward 　 　
孔子学说;儒家(学说)
温馨的;舒适的
自私的
困境;逆境
忍耐力;耐久力
精力;力量;活力
橱柜;壁橱;衣柜
(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员;服务员
43. crush 　 　
44. expedition 　 　
45. corporate 　 　
46. navigator 　 　
47. motor 　
48. Episode 　 　
毁坏;压坏;压碎;拥挤的人群
探险;远征;探险队
公司的;法人的;社团的
领航员;(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者
发动机;马达;有引擎的;机动车的
(人生的)一段经历;(小说的)片段;插曲
1. 申请做某事 　 　
2. 拒绝(某人) 　 　
3. 热衷于…… 　 　
4. 动身;出发 　 　
5. 任命某人做…… 　 　
6. 陷入困境 　 　
apply to do sth
turn sb down
be enthusiastic about
set off
assign sb to do
become stuck in
7. 完全地;彻底地 　
8. 被压坏;被挤碎 　 　
9. 使……情绪高涨 　 　
10. 每况愈下;越来越糟 　 　
11. (经历艰难困苦后)成功 　 　
12. 握住;抓牢;坚持不懈;稍等 　 　
13. 在……前面;早于;领先 　 　
14. (使)高兴起来;(使)振作起来 　 　
well and truly
get crushed
keep one’s spirits up
from bad to worse
make it
hold on
ahead of
cheer up
15. 生火 　 　
16. 放出(热、光、气味或气体) 　 　
17. 由……组成;包括 　 　
18. 坚持做某事 　 　
19. 偿还;报答;报复 　 　
20. 使某人免受…… 　 　
21. 登记;报名参加 　 　
22. 梦想;向往 　 　
make fire
give off
consist of
persevere in doing sth
pay back
save sb from…
sign up for
dream of
23. 被……打断 　 　
24. 毕竟 　 　
25. 过着……的生活 　 　
26. 安排;为……作准备 　 　
27. 由于 　 　
28. 以便于……;以致 　 　
29. 尝试做某事 　 　
be interrupted by
after all
live a/an…life
arrange for
due to
so as to/so that
attempt to do sth
1. ……好吧,碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸,看到了一则关于南极考察的广告。
…Well, 　 　 one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
it so happened that
2. ……这是我一直梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。而且我已经准备好了。
…this is the adventure 　 　. And 　 　.
3. 但我对于他们同赴(南极)的想法充满了极大的热情,于是便偷偷登上了他的“坚忍号”航船,藏在了一个小柜子里。
But I 　 .
　 I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
that I have been dreaming of
I was ready for it
was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with
them that
4. 当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时,每个人都会羡慕我!
　 .
　!
5. ……这一航行对于我们所有人来说都太危险、太艰难了,我们所有人都无法乘坐小船到达(目的地)。
…the voyage was 　 　 .
in our small boats.
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them
about the amazing places I have been to
too dangerous and difficult for all of us to
make it
6. 我们已经挣扎了好几天,但大象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。
　 　, but things on Elephant Island 　 　.
7. 没有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们现在都已经死了。
　 　 Frank and Ernest, 　 　.
8. 毕竟,我们也许还是有机会回家的。
Perhaps 　 　.
We have been struggling for days
are going from bad to worse
Without
we’d all be dead by now
there is a chance we will return home, after all
9. 如果他们被耽搁了呢
　 　
10. 没有什么比得上一顿好饭和一点儿音乐能让我们振作起来了。
　 　
　 .
11. 如果没有海洋生物,我们都会挨饿。
　 　, 　 　.
What if they were delayed
There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up
If it weren’t for sea animals
we would all starve
12. 作为一名厨师,做饭是我的职责,所以我想方设法变换三餐的花样。
As a chef, 　 　, so I tried to vary the meals in 　 　.
13. 因为穿太多衣服而感到太热和穿得太少而感到太冷几乎一样危险。
It was almost 　 .
　 .
it was my duty to cook
whatever way I could
as dangerous to become too hot from wearing
too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few
14. 当我们最终获救时,我们如释重负,喜不自禁,许多人都难掩泪水。
When we were finally rescued, we felt 　 .
　.
15. 我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们顽强地活了下来。他用他的承诺来回报我们,把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。
Our optimism and faith in Shackleton 　 .
　. And he 　 .
　 a slow but painful death.
such relief and joy that
many of us could not hide our tears
had helped us persevere
in staying alive
paid us back by his commitment
to save us from
基础词汇 拓展词汇
1 　analytically adj. 不利的;有害的 　analytically adv. 不利地;有害地 adversity n. 困境;逆境 　analytically
adj. 反意的;表示相反的
adverse
adversely
adversative
基础词汇 拓展词汇
2 bitter adj. 严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的 　analytically adv. 痛苦地;伤心地 　analytically n. 痛苦;苦难 　analytically
adj. 稍苦的;带苦味的
bitterly
bitterness
bitterish
基础词汇 拓展词汇
3 　analytically v. 迅速完成;促进;加快 expedition n. 探险;远征;探险队 　analytically adj. 远征的;探险的 　analytically
n. 权宜之计;应急办法
expedite
expeditionary
expedient
基础词汇 拓展词汇
4 　analytically v. 忍耐;忍受 endurance n. 忍耐力;耐久力 　analytically adj. 持久的;耐久的 　analytically
adj. 可忍耐的;可忍受的
endure
enduring
endurable
基础词汇 拓展词汇
5 vigour n. 精力;力量;活力 　analytically adj. 充满活力的;果断的 　analytically adv. 充满活力地;有力地 /
vigorous
vigorously
基础词汇 拓展词汇
6 　analytically v. 使合格;使有资格;有资格;准予;有权 qualified adj. 符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) 　analytically n. 资格;学历 　analytically
n. 限定词;预选赛
qualify
qualification
qualifier
基础词汇 拓展词汇
7 enthusiastic adj. 热情的;热心的 Analytic ally n. 热情;热忱 　analytical ly adv. 热情地;热心地 　analytically
n. 热心者;爱好者
enthusiasm
enthusiastically
enthusiast
基础词汇 拓展词汇
8 steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员;服务员 　analytically n. 女乘务员;女服务员 　analytical ly n. 管理方法;组织方式 /
stewardess
stewardship
基础词汇 拓展词汇
9 envy n.&vt. 羡慕;妒忌 　analytically adj. 嫉妒的;羡慕的 　analytically adv. 嫉妒地;羡慕地 　analytically
adj. 值得羡慕的
envious
enviously
enviable
基础词汇 拓展词汇
10 abandon vt. 舍弃;抛弃;放弃 　analytical ly n. 放弃;遗弃 　analytical ly adj. 被抛弃的;被遗弃的 /
abandonment
abandoned
基础词汇 拓展词汇
11 　 　n. 痛苦;悲惨 miserable adj. 痛苦的;令人难受的 　analytical ly adv. 痛苦地;可悲地 /
misery
miserably
基础词汇 拓展词汇
12 decent adj. 相当不错的;正派的;得体的 　analytically n. 得体;正派 　analytically adv. 得体地;亲切地 /
decency
decently
基础词汇 拓展词汇
13 selfish adj. 自私的;利己的 　analytically n. 自私;任性 　analytically adv. 自私地 　analytically
adj. 无私的;忘我的
selfishness
selfishly
selfless
基础词汇 拓展词汇
14 persevere vi. 坚持;孜孜以求;不屈不挠 　analytical ly n. 毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 　analytica lly adj. 坚持的;不屈不挠的 /
perseverance
persevering
基础词汇 拓展词汇
15 resolve vi.&vt. 决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念 　analytical ly n. 决议;解决;坚定 　analytically adj. 下定决心的;坚决的 　analytical ly
adj. 可解决的
resolution
resolved
resolvable
基础词汇 拓展词汇
16 cruel adj. 残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的 　 　n. 残酷;残忍 　analytically adv. 残酷地;非常 　analytically
n. 残忍;残酷
cruelty
cruelly
cruelness
基础词汇 拓展词汇
17 　analytically v. 提供家具;提供 furniture n. 家具;设备 　analytically adj. 配备家具的 /
furnish
furnished
基础词汇 拓展词汇
18 　analytically n. 幸运;机会 　analytically adj. 幸运的;吉利的 fortunately adv. 幸运地;吉利地 　analytically
adj. 不幸的;倒霉的
fortune
fortunate
unfortunate
基础词汇 拓展词汇
19 　analytically v. 使再现;再创造 recreation n. 娱乐;消遣;游戏 　analytically adj. 娱乐的;消遣的 /
recreate
recreational
基础词汇 拓展词汇
20 advertise vt.&vi. 公布;宣传;做广告 　anal ytically n. 广告;启事 　analytically n. 广告商;广告人员 　analytically
n. 广告业;广告活动
advertisement
advertiser
advertising
基础词汇 拓展词汇
21 corporate adj. 公司的;法人的;社团的 　analytically n. 公司;法人 　analytically adv. 由大公司地;团结地;共同地 　analytically
v. 使……企业化
corporation
corporately
corporatise
基础词汇 拓展词汇
22 　analytically v. 导航;航行 navigator n. 领航员;(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者 　analytically n. 导航;航行 　analytically
adj. 导航的;航运的
navigate
navigation
navigational
基础词汇 拓展词汇
23 loyal adj. 忠诚的;忠实的 　 　n. 忠诚;忠实 　analytically adv. 忠诚地;诚实地 　analytically
n. 忠诚的人;忠诚支持者
loyalty
loyally
loyalist
基础词汇 拓展词汇
24 　analytically v. 承诺;犯罪 commitment n. 承诺;保证;奉献 　analytically adj. 承诺的;坚信的 　analytically
n. 委员会;监护人
commit
committed
committee
基础词汇 拓展词汇
25 motive n. 动机;原因;目的 　analytically v. 激励;成为 ……的动机 　analytically n. 积极性;干劲;动机;动因 　analytically
adj. 无动机的;无目的的
motivate
motivation
motiveless

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