资源简介

Unit 2　Healthy Lifestyle
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P11]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Shoreline communities have always r on tourism as an economic engine.
2. Next time you have a problem, think about how you can improve the situation instead of focusing on all the n aspects.
3. Friendly contacts between different peoples will f the cultural and economic interchange.
4. The a of your powers does harm to all other officers who do their job properly.
5. Do either of you smoke cigarettes or drink a 　
6. A ￡100 r has been offered for the return of the necklace.
7. Remember you may feel sleepy after taking these p , so you’d better take them before going to bed.
8. The workman (discipline) by his company yesterday but not dismissed.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
原句:These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. If (heat) to a higher temperature, water will be turned into steam.
2. There are a few simple safety measures to follow while (train).
3. They sent us much more materials than (require).
4. He nodded at me as if (ask) me to answer the question.
用one/ones/that/those填空。
5. The weather of Beijing is as good as of Tianjin.
6. Teachers like the students working hard, especially the who are active in thinking.
7. The houses of the rich are generally larger than of the poor.
8. A cake made of wheat tastes better than made of rice.
9. I prefer the classroom with enough light rather than the with little light.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Regular physical activity had nearly doubled cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with individuals without these diagnoses, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology’s 71st Annual Scientific Session.
The research findings add to mounting evidence that exercise improves cardiovascular health by helping to activate parts of the brain that counteract stress. Overall, the study found that people who achieved the recommended amount of physical activity per week were 17% less likely to suffer a major harmful cardiovascular event than those who exercised less. These benefits were significantly greater in those with anxiety or depression, who had a 22% risk reduction compared with a 10% risk reduction in those without either condition.
“The effect of physical activity on the brain’s stress response may be particularly relevant to those with stress-related mental conditions,” said Hadil Zureigat, MD, a postdoctoral clinical research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital and the study’s lead author. “This is not to suggest that exercise is only effective in those with depression or anxiety, but we found that these patients seem to get a greater cardiovascular benefit from physical activity.”
Rates of both depression and anxiety have risen during the outbreak of flu, and heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the US. The study findings underline the important role of exercise in maintaining heart health and reducing stress, according to the researchers.
“Any amount of exercise is helpful, particularly for those with depression or anxiety,” Zureigat said. “Not only will physical activity help them feel better, but they will also significantly reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease. It can be hard to make the transition, but once achieved, physical activity allows those with these common chronic (慢性的) stress-related mental conditions to hit two birds with one stone.”
( )1. Who can get the most cardiovascular benefit from regular exercise
A. Someone with little brain capacity.
B. Someone with abnormal heart rates.
C. Someone diagnosed with depression.
D. Someone with fear-related mental conditions.
( )2. What does the underlined word “counteract” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Double.　　　　 B. Resist.
C. Awaken. D. Transport.
( )3. Which of the following may the findings support
A. Physical exercise is vital to mental health.
B. Physical exercise can cure those people of the flu.
C. Exercise merely works for those with depression.
D. Exercise accelerates the recovery of all mental patients.
( )4. What is the best title for the text
A. Physical Activity Can Prevent Chronic Disease
B. Heart Disease Remains the Leading Cause of Death
C. Rates of Depression Have Risen During the Outbreak of Flu
D. Workout Is Very Good for Stress-related Patients’ Cardiovascular Health
Ⅳ. 语法填空
A study, 　1　 (lead) by the University of St Andrews, found a balanced and healthy lifestyle, including becoming fitter, having less stress and sleeping 　2　 (long) all gave skin a more healthy-looking colour.
Previous 　3　 (study) have linked improvements in skin colour to a good diet but the latest study also examined 　4　 relationship between general health and skin colour.
They measured skin colour with a device that recorded how a rainbow of colours was reflected from the skin and found that both high 　5　 (fit) and low body fat were associated with a higher skin yellowness.
The research team also assessed whether a change in health changed skin appearance. They 　6　 (follow) 59 students from sports clubs to measure the training effect 　7　 their skin.
They found those 　8　 became healthier or lost body fat showed an increase in skin yellowness. Scientists concluded that exercise and healthy eating were low-cost ways of improving your skin. Any effort 　9　 (improve) lifestyle would benefit the skin within a 　10　 (relative) short time.
1. 　2. 　3.
4. 　5. 　6.
7. 　8. 　9.
10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P13]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Only after (liberate) is he able to go to school.
2. The local doctor couldn’t tell what was wrong, so he sent her to see a (special).
3. Of all the (consult), only Mr Wang gave us some proposals in point.
4. His chin was completely covered by his b .
5. You may s and read only those passages which concern you.
6. The s has performed the operation and the surgery is very successful.
7. They took the phone off the hook so no calls would d them.
8. D abuse is prohibited in sports events.
9. Some people entering religious groups have to s their hair off as proof of their sincerity.
10. He ignored all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a c .
Ⅱ. 短语填空
in response to　　　 decide on
rely on make up one’s mind
be composed of shave off
1. Water hydrogen and oxygen.
2. Since their father was old and his sight was falling, they to stay at home.
3. We have to a compass and a lot of luck to get there.
4. It was some time before the door opened his ring.
5. After leaving university, Therese a career in publishing.
6. It is known that professional male swimmers their body hair.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Savanna Karmue, born in 2006, is a student, author, activist, and possibly one of our next great cardiologists (心脏病学家). Her inspiring story started with her favourite Sunday school teacher who was about to have a(n) 　1　 because of a serious heart attack. After she 　2　 the teacher in the hospital, Savanna’s curiosity led her towards a deep 　3　 of the heart and its importance to the human body. 　4　 by her supporting parents to research related matters of the heart, Savanna learned that one in three of teenagers were 　5　 from childhood obesity (肥胖), which can lead to heart disease.
She 　6　 making videos, named “Happy Heart Advice”, sharing with the world 　7　 to have better health and create a healthy heart. Until 2016, Happy Heart Advice had provided over 300,000 children with 　8　 for healthy living. Some years ago, she was invited as a 　9　 at an international conference, where she shared 　10　 information on how to 　11　 healthy eating to everyday adolescent lifestyles. She was 　12　 by the American Heart Association for her 　13　 in the health community at such an early age. She’s currently 　14　 an app that will make it easier for mums and families to make conscious efforts to 　15　 “Happy Heart-approved food” instead of grabbing whatever catches their eye in a grocery store.
( )1. A. training　 B. appointment
C. lecture D. operation
( )2. A. persuaded B. visited
C. consulted D. cured
( )3. A. insight B. understanding
C. affection D. meaning
( )4. A. Moved B. Forced
C. Begged　 D. Encouraged
( )5. A. dying B. learning
C. suffering D. benefiting
( )6. A. began B. avoided
C. admitted D. denied
( )7. A. ways B. dreams
C. love D. money
( )8. A. food B. reports
C. education D. statistics
( )9. A. speaker B. doctor
C. performer D. hostess
( )10. A. abstract B. extra
C. brief D. practical
( )11. A. limit B. reduce
C. apply D. compare
( )12. A. impressed B. confused
C. honoured D. protected
( )13. A. influence B. generosity
C. knowledge D. fame
( )14. A. commenting on B. working on
C. showing off D. putting off
( )15. A. preserve B. process
C. deliver D. purchase
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Both low-fat and low-carbon diets work equally well to help people lose weight over two years, a new research has shown. In addition, the low-carbon diets may also improve levels of HDL cholesterol (胆固醇), although it’s not clear how much difference this would make to your overall health.
The search for a diet that helps people lose weight goes back decades. In recent years, there’s been much discussion about the strong points of low-fat diets, compared with low-carbon diets. And some claim that the low-carbon diets work well for short-term weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to show how well the two types of diets work and what the effects are on people’s health in the long term.
In addition, it’s been recognised that weight-loss programmes are better if they include some support to help people make changes to their eating and exercise habits. This is often called “behavioural therapy”, because it works through changing people’s behaviour.
The new study has researched people who followed a weight-loss programme over two years, all of whom had behavioural therapy. According to the actual situation of different people, half the people followed a low-carbon diet, and half followed a low-fat diet. And the result shows: People on both diets did equally well in losing weight. After two years, they had lost on average 7 kilogrammes. This amount of weight loss is enough to have positive effects on the health of fat people. What’s more, the group who had the low-carbon diets had much better levels of HDL cholesterol than people on the low-fat diets.
If you need to lose weight, this study shows that behavioural therapy is able to work effectively. You may find it easier to lose weight as part of a supervised weight-loss programme that can help you break bad habits and make healthy changes to your diets and lifestyle.
( )1. What advantage do low-carbon diets have
A. They can help people remember better.
B. They can improve levels of HDL cholesterol.
C. They can improve people’s overall health greatly.
D. They can help people take exercise better.
( )2. What can we know from the passage
A. Participants on both diets didn’t lose the same weight in the new study.
B. The low-fat and low-carbon diets make much difference to your overall health.
C. People who want to lose weight should change their eating and exercise behaviour.
D. The behavioural therapy is beneficial to your health in the long term.
( )3. What is the author’s attitude towards behavioural therapy
A. Critical. B. Supportive.
C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
( )4. Where is the passage taken from
A. A science-fiction book.
B. A guidebook.
C. A scientific newspaper.
D. A fashion magazine.
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P15]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. A c is a play, film, or television programme that is intended to make people laugh.
2. They danced round in circles until they were d .　
3. The customer has to deposit a minimum of ￡100 (month).
4. They saw the man with a little girl (skip) along behind him.
5. He made many efforts to e his reputation.
6. The award has s her into working harder than ever before.
7. When you catch the f , you sometimes have a fever.
8. He has drunk one cup of coffee to r himself.
9. A s is a narrow board with wheels at each end, which people stand on and ride for pleasure.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
原句:I feel like I’m in control of my own life.
I decided to take control of my life and find other ways to relax.
【一句多译】
经过三个小时的努力,他们已经控制住了混乱的局面。
1. They have brought the chaos after three hours’ efforts.
2. They the chaos after three hours’ efforts.
3. They have been the chaos after three hours’ efforts.
4. The chaos has been them after three hours’ efforts.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
We all know that regular exercise is good for us. In recent years we’ve been told to aim to walk 10,000 steps a day to remain healthy, although other advice to do three 10-minute walks a day is thought to be even more effective. But the latest piece of research might put a spring in your step if you’re someone who walks at a fast pace. That’s because, according to scientists, the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains, as well as their bodies, are ageing.
The BBC’s Philippa Roxby writes that tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of “accelerated ageing”. Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked faster. And to add insult to injury, the study found not only did slower walkers’ bodies age more quickly, but their faces looked older and they had smaller brains. Professor Terrie, lead author of the study, told the BBC: “It found that a slow walk is a problem sign decades before old age.”
This might be seen as a wake-up call for people with a slower pace who might feel it’s time to work out and get fitter. But it might be too late; researchers say they were able to predict the walking speed of 45-year-olds using the results of intelligence, language and motor skills tests from when they were aged three. They also suggest that even in early life, there are signs showing that people will go on to have a healthier life.
So, what’s the point of knowing that a slower walking pace might mean a smaller brain Well, researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age, and understanding what this might mean, could be a way of testing treatments to slow human ageing. This might help us make lifestyle changes while we’re still young and healthy. Any steps we can take to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no-brainer!
( )1. What is the text mainly about
A. Walking and health.
B. Slow walking and ageing.
C. The way of slowing ageing.
D. The standard walking pace.
( )2. What does the latest research show
A. Walking 10,000 steps a day helps keep you fit.
B. A slower walker is healthier than a faster walker.
C. Slower walkers are easy to have slower brains.
D. Ageing signs of slow walkers arise earlier than fast walkers.
( )3. What do the underlined words “wake-up call” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Challenge. 　　　 B. Potential.
C. Reminder. D. Solution.
( )4. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Testing walking speed before old age makes sense.
B. It’s important to keep fit both physically and mentally.
C. Walking pace is connected with health and ageing.
D. Walking speed at a young age determines one’s longevity.
Ⅳ. 阅读七选五
Many people believe that heart disease only affects older men. 　1　. The reality is that people of all ages die of heart attacks each year. And while death rates have declined in the US and many western European countries, they are on the rise in the developing world. Yet most heart disease is preventable.
The challenge of heart disease is that it may be silent for years before causing any noticeable problems. No one would have guessed that Barbara Teng would have a heart attack. She was not overweight. “The week after I turned 49 when I was on a business trip in Chicago, I had a major heart attack,” she said. 　2　. She now exercises daily and monitors her heart health.
Dr Patrice Nickens who is with the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute thinks that heart disease is 82 percent preventable. “　3　,” she said. “Men are also facing the same problem and the key to staying healthy is knowing your numbers. Your weight, your blood cholesterol, blood sugar and your blood pressure are important numbers that can help you take action and reduce your risk,” she added. 　4　. “And the steps to take are simple: don’t smoke, maintain a healthy weight, exercise, know your numbers and talk to your physician and control these risks,” she said.
African-Americans are at higher-than-average risk for heart disease and stroke; people don’t even know they have it, which increases the risk. MedStar Washington Hospital Center is trying to reach this population. 　5　. For example, they help the people monitor their blood pressure. If people realise they are at risk for heart disease, they’ll make lifestyle changes: lose weight, exercise, eat the right foods and keep in touch with a doctor.
A. With the right training, they can play an important role in community health
B. A healthy lifestyle can prevent heart disease
C. Lack of exercise causes heart attacks
D. It is the leading cause of death for women
E. This is a set idea that is not true
F. And that changed her life
G. So we must cure heart disease
1. 　2. 　3.
4. 　5.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P17]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile!
Dr Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart. “When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive.” He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support his opinion.
When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones including adrenaline (肾上腺素) and cortisol (皮质醇). Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the body’s main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response.
However, when we are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are ever-present in our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems.
Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may have an unhealthy lifestyle, which can lead to health problems.
Dr Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish…smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects.
“Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, and improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health.” And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone’s heart health.
( )1. Which of the following agrees with Dr Chockalingam’s opinion
A. Smile has the same effects as laughter.
B. Smile can be used to take the place of medicine.
C. Smile is better than any healthy lifestyle to health.
D. Smile can make our body produce beneficial chemicals.
( )2. What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones
A. They can lower our blood pressure.
B. They will surely lead to heart disease.
C. They can benefit us when we are in danger.
D. They will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle.
( )3. Why does Dr Chockalingam think smiling is helpful to our health
A. It can make us relax.
B. It increases sugar levels.
C. It has little bad side effects.
D. It can happen for no reason.
( )4. What can be the best title for the text
A. A Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart Diseases
B. One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart
C. One Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress Hormones
D. The Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases　
Ⅱ. 书面表达
建议信写作
文体感知
概念:建议信是写信人向收信人就某事提出建议或忠告的一种文体。建议信要写得简明扼要,观点合情合理;语言要具有说服力;语气要委婉客气。
内容安排:第一段:写信的目的(提建议);
第二段:具体的建议,改进措施;
第三段:希望采纳建议,期待回复信件。
【素材】
假定你是李华,你的英国笔友John写信告诉你,近日他由于沉迷网络游戏,健康受到了很大的影响。请你用英语给他写一封回信,给他提一些建议。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 充满活力的;精力充沛的　　
2. 使恢复精力　
3. 摆脱……
4. 自制力
5. 增进;加强
6. 下定决心
7. 控制
8. 养成……的习惯 　
9. 好转
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)听说你沉迷网络游戏,并且这已经严重影响到了你的身体健康,我感到非常遗憾。
I’m sorry to hear that you online games and it has greatly affected your physical health.
(2)为了帮助你摆脱它,我愿意给你一些建议。
, I’m willing to give you some advice.
(3)首先,你应该限制花在网络游戏上的时间。
First, you should the time that you spend on online games.
(4)同时,把更多的注意力放在其他事情上,比如参加更多的活动。
Meanwhile, pay more attention to other things, such as .
(5)形成有规律的作息习惯也能帮助你改进。
can also help you to change .
(6)只要你下定决心,并且自律一点,任何坏习惯都可以戒掉。
, any bad habit can be kicked.
(7)通过这种方式,你将在很大程度上提高你的健康水平和生活质量。
In this way, you will largely .
2. 句式升级
(1)用so…that…结构改写第1小题中的句(1)。
.
(2)用过去分词短语作定语改写第1小题中的句(3)。
.
(3)用get done结构改写第1小题中的句(7)。
.
【妙笔成篇】
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P19]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. n.+-ic→adj.
alcohol→ adj.酒精的;含酒精的　
dynamo→ adj.精力充沛的;动态的;动力的
pessimism→ adj.悲观的;悲观主义的
【n.+-ic→adj.拓展】
enthusiasm→ adj.热情的;热心的
economy→ adj.经济上的;经济学的
history→ adj.历史上著名(或重要)的
strategy→ adj.战略性的;战略上的
iron→ adj.反语的;讽刺的
cube→ adj.立方的;立方形的
2. v.+-or →n.(物)
escalate→ n.自动扶梯;滚梯
calculate→ n.计算器
【v.+-or →n.(物)拓展】
generate→ n.发电机
sense→ n.传感器
detect→ n.探测器
conduct→ n.导体
3. v.+-ance→n.
disturb→ n.(使)打扰;干扰;妨碍
accept→ n.接受;认可
【v.+-ance→n.拓展】
guide→ n.指导
annoy→ n.烦恼
appear→ n.出现
perform→ n.演出
4. v.+-ing→n.(运动)
bowl→ n.保龄球运动
jog→ n.慢跑锻炼
【v.+-ing→n.(运动)拓展】
run→ n.跑步运动
swim→ n.游泳运动
skate→ n.滑冰　
ski→ n.滑雪运动
5. re-+adj./v.→v.
fresh→ v.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新
new→ v.更新;重新开始
【re-+adj./v.→v.拓展】
play→ v.重放;重播
tell→ v.复述;重新讲述
consider→ v.重新考虑
start→ v.重新开始
union→ v.重聚
6. v.+on→及物动词短语
on　依靠;依赖　
on　依靠;信赖
on　依靠;依赖
on　依靠;依赖
7. v.+one’s mind→动宾短语
make up one’s mind
come across one’s mind
change one’s mind
open one’s mind
cross one’s mind
8. v.+out →动词短语
stress out
wear out
put out
sell out
work out
blow out
run out
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. With more children relying on technology for learning, the risk of online a is rising.
2. The new airport will f the development of tourism.
3. The d will be useful to hundreds of thousands of infected people.
4. The s operated on her to remove the tumor (肿瘤) and the s took almost 12 hours.
5. Around 15% of our diet is (compose) of protein.
6. Award is something such as a prize or money given to someone to r people for something they have done.
7. Millions of people gave freely in (respond) to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.
8. Before (liberate) there were few doctors and little medicine in the countryside.
9. When my dad shaved his b off, he looked ten years younger.
10. A style (consult) will demonstrate how to dress to impress.
11. The physician e the patient then diagnoses the disease and prescribes medication.
12. People should not do things that will d neighbours.
13. Summers are hot, with (month) averages above 22 ℃.
14. He nodded absently, his attention (absorb) by the screen.
15. Family influence (dominate) the shaping of one’s characteristics, therefore parents should build a healthy environment for kids.
Ⅲ. 单元语法精练
1. (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
2. (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
3. (answer) correctly is more important than to finish quickly.
4. He told us whether (have) a picnic was still under discussion.
5. (travel) is not a wise choice on National Day this year.
6. It’s a fantastic idea (have) 5 days off every week.
7. (share) stories with others is meaningful and interesting.
8. It’s standard practice for a company like this one (employ) a security officer.
9. It’s not practical enough (complete) such a hard task in a short time.
10. John returns home each year (celebrate) Christmas and New Year with his family.
11. It’s not easy for a school (invent) a wonderful game.
12. It’s no good (waste) your time on something useless.
13. (understand) your own needs and communication styles is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
14. (protect) the environment this year is the most popular in the world.
15. (miss) this opportunity this time will make you regret forever.
16. Doing nothing but wait here with these girls (be) what kept the little boy annoyed.
17. It’s unwise of you (get) married under 18.
18. (say ) you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse.
19. This association was formed (represent) the interests of women artists.
20. Mary decided to attend the party, (hope) to see her friends whom she hadn’t seen for years. Unit 2　Healthy Lifestyle
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P11]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Shoreline communities have always r　elied　 on tourism as an economic engine.
2. Next time you have a problem, think about how you can improve the situation instead of focusing on all the n　egative　 aspects.
3. Friendly contacts between different peoples will f　acilitate　 the cultural and economic interchange.
4. The a　buse　 of your powers does harm to all other officers who do their job properly.
5. Do either of you smoke cigarettes or drink a　lcohol　 　
6. A ￡100 r　eward　 has been offered for the return of the necklace.
7. Remember you may feel sleepy after taking these p　ills　, so you’d better take them before going to bed.
8. The workman 　was disciplined　 (discipline) by his company yesterday but not dismissed.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
原句:These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. If 　heated　 (heat) to a higher temperature, water will be turned into steam.
2. There are a few simple safety measures to follow while 　training　 (train).
3. They sent us much more materials than 　required　 (require).
4. He nodded at me as if 　to ask　 (ask) me to answer the question.
用one/ones/that/those填空。
5. The weather of Beijing is as good as 　that　 of Tianjin.
6. Teachers like the students working hard, especially the 　ones　 who are active in thinking.
7. The houses of the rich are generally larger than 　those　 of the poor.
8. A cake made of wheat tastes better than 　one　 made of rice.
9. I prefer the classroom with enough light rather than the 　one　 with little light.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Regular physical activity had nearly doubled cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with individuals without these diagnoses, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology’s 71st Annual Scientific Session.
The research findings add to mounting evidence that exercise improves cardiovascular health by helping to activate parts of the brain that counteract stress. Overall, the study found that people who achieved the recommended amount of physical activity per week were 17% less likely to suffer a major harmful cardiovascular event than those who exercised less. These benefits were significantly greater in those with anxiety or depression, who had a 22% risk reduction compared with a 10% risk reduction in those without either condition.
“The effect of physical activity on the brain’s stress response may be particularly relevant to those with stress-related mental conditions,” said Hadil Zureigat, MD, a postdoctoral clinical research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital and the study’s lead author. “This is not to suggest that exercise is only effective in those with depression or anxiety, but we found that these patients seem to get a greater cardiovascular benefit from physical activity.”
Rates of both depression and anxiety have risen during the outbreak of flu, and heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the US. The study findings underline the important role of exercise in maintaining heart health and reducing stress, according to the researchers.
“Any amount of exercise is helpful, particularly for those with depression or anxiety,” Zureigat said. “Not only will physical activity help them feel better, but they will also significantly reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease. It can be hard to make the transition, but once achieved, physical activity allows those with these common chronic (慢性的) stress-related mental conditions to hit two birds with one stone.”
(　C　)1. Who can get the most cardiovascular benefit from regular exercise
A. Someone with little brain capacity.
B. Someone with abnormal heart rates.
C. Someone diagnosed with depression.
D. Someone with fear-related mental conditions.
(　B　)2. What does the underlined word “counteract” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Double.　　　　 B. Resist.
C. Awaken. D. Transport.
(　A　)3. Which of the following may the findings support
A. Physical exercise is vital to mental health.
B. Physical exercise can cure those people of the flu.
C. Exercise merely works for those with depression.
D. Exercise accelerates the recovery of all mental patients.
(　D　)4. What is the best title for the text
A. Physical Activity Can Prevent Chronic Disease
B. Heart Disease Remains the Leading Cause of Death
C. Rates of Depression Have Risen During the Outbreak of Flu
D. Workout Is Very Good for Stress-related Patients’ Cardiovascular Health
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究,该研究证明锻炼能给抑郁症或焦虑症患者的心血管带来益处。
1. C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Regular physical activity had nearly doubled cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with…”可知,被诊断患有抑郁症的人能通过定期锻炼使心血管获益翻倍。
2. B　【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The research findings add to mounting evidence that exercise improves cardiovascular health by helping to activate parts of the brain”可知,运动通过帮助激活大脑中抵消压力的部分来改善心血管健康,这一研究结果进一步证明了这一点。由此可知,画线词counteract的意思是“抵消;抵抗”。
3. A　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The study findings underline the important role of exercise in maintaining heart health and reducing stress, according to the researchers.”可知,运动在维持心脏健康和减轻压力方面有重要作用。
4. D　【解析】 标题归纳题。第一段指出有规律的体育锻炼对抑郁症或焦虑症患者心血管的益处几乎增加了一倍;通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了锻炼对有心理压力及有相关心理问题的患者的心血管健康有很大益处。故D选项“锻炼对压力相关患者的心血管健康非常有益”能概括文章大意,可作为最佳标题。
Ⅳ. 语法填空
A study, 　1　 (lead) by the University of St Andrews, found a balanced and healthy lifestyle, including becoming fitter, having less stress and sleeping 　2　 (long) all gave skin a more healthy-looking colour.
Previous 　3　 (study) have linked improvements in skin colour to a good diet but the latest study also examined 　4　 relationship between general health and skin colour.
They measured skin colour with a device that recorded how a rainbow of colours was reflected from the skin and found that both high 　5　 (fit) and low body fat were associated with a higher skin yellowness.
The research team also assessed whether a change in health changed skin appearance. They 　6　 (follow) 59 students from sports clubs to measure the training effect 　7　 their skin.
They found those 　8　 became healthier or lost body fat showed an increase in skin yellowness. Scientists concluded that exercise and healthy eating were low-cost ways of improving your skin. Any effort 　9　 (improve) lifestyle would benefit the skin within a 　10　 (relative) short time.
1. 　led　　2. 　longer　　3. 　studies　
4. 　the　　5. 　fitness　　6. 　followed　
7. 　on　　8. 　who　　9. 　to improve　
10. 　relatively　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肤色与健康状况之间的关系。
1. led　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空格处应用非谓语动词。lead与其逻辑主语study之间构成被动关系,应用过去分词形式。
2. longer　【解析】 考查副词比较级。空格处修饰动词sleep,且根据and连接的并列成分having less stress可知,此处应用long的比较级形式。
3. studies　【解析】 考查名词的数。空格处由形容词previous修饰,且作句子主语,应用名词形式;谓语动词have为复数形式,故此处应用名词的复数形式。
4. the　【解析】 考查冠词。此处表示“最新的研究也调查了健康和肤色之间的关系”,此处表示特指,应用定冠词the。
5. fitness　【解析】 考查名词。空格处与and连接的low body fat并列作主语,故此处也应用名词。
6. followed　【解析】 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,空格处为谓语动词。根据上文“The research team also assessed…”可知,此处应用一般过去时。
7. on　【解析】 考查介词。此处表示“衡量训练对他们皮肤的影响”,effect on 的意思是“对……的影响”。
8. who　【解析】 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为those,指人,且在从句中充当主语;当先行词为those时,引导词只用who不用that。
9. to improve　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意:任何改善生活方式的努力都会在相对较短的时间内给皮肤带来好处。空格处为非谓语动词,此处应用动词不定式作名词effort的后置定语。
10. relatively　【解析】 考查副词。句意同上题。空格处修饰形容词short,应用副词形式。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P13]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Only after 　liberation　 (liberate) is he able to go to school.
2. The local doctor couldn’t tell what was wrong, so he sent her to see a 　specialist　 (special).
3. Of all the 　consultants　 (consult), only Mr Wang gave us some proposals in point.
4. His chin was completely covered by his b　eard　.
5. You may s　kip　 and read only those passages which concern you.
6. The s　urgeon　 has performed the operation and the surgery is very successful.
7. They took the phone off the hook so no calls would d　isturb　 them.
8. D　rug　 abuse is prohibited in sports events.
9. Some people entering religious groups have to s　have　 their hair off as proof of their sincerity.
10. He ignored all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a c　igarette　.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
in response to　　　 decide on
rely on make up one’s mind
be composed of shave off
1. Water 　is composed of　 hydrogen and oxygen.
2. Since their father was old and his sight was falling, they 　made up their minds　 to stay at home.
3. We have to 　rely on　 a compass and a lot of luck to get there.
4. It was some time before the door opened 　in response to　 his ring.
5. After leaving university, Therese 　decided on　 a career in publishing.
6. It is known that professional male swimmers 　shave off　 their body hair.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Savanna Karmue, born in 2006, is a student, author, activist, and possibly one of our next great cardiologists (心脏病学家). Her inspiring story started with her favourite Sunday school teacher who was about to have a(n) 　1　 because of a serious heart attack. After she 　2　 the teacher in the hospital, Savanna’s curiosity led her towards a deep 　3　 of the heart and its importance to the human body. 　4　 by her supporting parents to research related matters of the heart, Savanna learned that one in three of teenagers were 　5　 from childhood obesity (肥胖), which can lead to heart disease.
She 　6　 making videos, named “Happy Heart Advice”, sharing with the world 　7　 to have better health and create a healthy heart. Until 2016, Happy Heart Advice had provided over 300,000 children with 　8　 for healthy living. Some years ago, she was invited as a 　9　 at an international conference, where she shared 　10　 information on how to 　11　 healthy eating to everyday adolescent lifestyles. She was 　12　 by the American Heart Association for her 　13　 in the health community at such an early age. She’s currently 　14　 an app that will make it easier for mums and families to make conscious efforts to 　15　 “Happy Heart-approved food” instead of grabbing whatever catches their eye in a grocery store.
(　D　)1. A. training　 B. appointment
C. lecture D. operation
(　B　)2. A. persuaded B. visited
C. consulted D. cured
(　B　)3. A. insight B. understanding
C. affection D. meaning
(　D　)4. A. Moved B. Forced
C. Begged　 D. Encouraged
(　C　)5. A. dying B. learning
C. suffering D. benefiting
(　A　)6. A. began B. avoided
C. admitted D. denied
(　A　)7. A. ways B. dreams
C. love D. money
(　C　)8. A. food B. reports
C. education D. statistics
(　A　)9. A. speaker B. doctor
C. performer D. hostess
(　D　)10. A. abstract B. extra
C. brief D. practical
(　C　)11. A. limit B. reduce
C. apply D. compare
(　C　)12. A. impressed B. confused
C. honoured D. protected
(　A　)13. A. influence B. generosity
C. knowledge D. fame
(　B　)14. A. commenting on B. working on
C. showing off D. putting off
(　D　)15. A. preserve B. process
C. deliver D. purchase
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。Savanna去医院看望要动心脏手术的老师,这件事引起她对心脏健康的关注。之后她做了很多事情,希望能帮助青少年拥有一颗健康的心脏。
1. D　【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“because of a serious heart attack”可知,老师因为心脏病要做手术。
2. B　【解析】 考查动词。句意:在医院看望老师后,Savanna的好奇心使她深入了解了心脏及其对人体的重要性。
3. B　【解析】 考查名词。句意同上题。根据下文可知,Savanna从此之后开始学习研究和心脏相关的知识。
4. D　【解析】 考查动词。句意:在父母的支持鼓励下,Savanna研究了与心脏相关的问题,她了解到三分之一的青少年患有儿童肥胖, 这会导致心脏病。
5. C　【解析】 考查动词。句意同上题。根据上下文语境可知,三分之一的青少年患有儿童肥胖,suffer from意为“遭受;患病”。
6. A　【解析】 考查动词。句意:她开始制作名为“Happy Heart Advice”的视频,与世人分享如何拥有更好的健康并创造一颗健康的心脏。
7. A　【解析】 考查名词。句意同上题。根据上文中的“sharing with the world”和下文中的“to have better health and create a healthy heart”可知,她与世人分享拥有更健康的身体和心脏的方法。
8. C　【解析】 考查名词。句意:到2016年为止,Happy Heart Advice已经为30多万名儿童提供了健康生活教育。
9. A　【解析】 考查名词。句意:若干年前,她受邀在一次国际会议上发言,分享了将健康饮食应用于青少年日常生活方式的实用信息。
10. D　【解析】 考查形容词。句意同上题。根据下文中的“information on how to 　11　 healthy eating to everyday adolescent lifestyles”可知,她分享了一些实用信息。
11. C　【解析】 考查动词。句意同上题。根据下文中的“healthy eating to everyday adolescent lifestyles”可知,此处指将健康饮食应用于日常生活。apply…to…意为“把……应用到……”。
12. C　【解析】 考查动词。句意:她因年纪轻轻就在健康领域产生了影响力而受到美国心脏协会的表彰。
13. A　【解析】 考查形容词。句意同上题。根据下文中的“information on how to 　11　 考查名词。句意同上题。根据上文可知,Savanna通过视频让世界上更多的人了解如何拥有健康的心脏,并被邀请参加国际会议,在健康领域有比较大的影响力。
14. B　【解析】 考查动词短语。句意:她目前正在开发一款应用程序,旨在帮助妈妈们和家庭成员更容易有意识地购买“Happy Heart认可食品”,而不是在杂货店里看到什么就买什么。
15. D　【解析】 考查动词。句意同上题。根据上下文语境和下文中的“instead of grabbing whatever catches their eye in a grocery store”可知,该应用程序使家人更方便购买“Happy Heart认可食品”。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Both low-fat and low-carbon diets work equally well to help people lose weight over two years, a new research has shown. In addition, the low-carbon diets may also improve levels of HDL cholesterol (胆固醇), although it’s not clear how much difference this would make to your overall health.
The search for a diet that helps people lose weight goes back decades. In recent years, there’s been much discussion about the strong points of low-fat diets, compared with low-carbon diets. And some claim that the low-carbon diets work well for short-term weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to show how well the two types of diets work and what the effects are on people’s health in the long term.
In addition, it’s been recognised that weight-loss programmes are better if they include some support to help people make changes to their eating and exercise habits. This is often called “behavioural therapy”, because it works through changing people’s behaviour.
The new study has researched people who followed a weight-loss programme over two years, all of whom had behavioural therapy. According to the actual situation of different people, half the people followed a low-carbon diet, and half followed a low-fat diet. And the result shows: People on both diets did equally well in losing weight. After two years, they had lost on average 7 kilogrammes. This amount of weight loss is enough to have positive effects on the health of fat people. What’s more, the group who had the low-carbon diets had much better levels of HDL cholesterol than people on the low-fat diets.
If you need to lose weight, this study shows that behavioural therapy is able to work effectively. You may find it easier to lose weight as part of a supervised weight-loss programme that can help you break bad habits and make healthy changes to your diets and lifestyle.
(　B　)1. What advantage do low-carbon diets have
A. They can help people remember better.
B. They can improve levels of HDL cholesterol.
C. They can improve people’s overall health greatly.
D. They can help people take exercise better.
(　C　)2. What can we know from the passage
A. Participants on both diets didn’t lose the same weight in the new study.
B. The low-fat and low-carbon diets make much difference to your overall health.
C. People who want to lose weight should change their eating and exercise behaviour.
D. The behavioural therapy is beneficial to your health in the long term.
(　B　)3. What is the author’s attitude towards behavioural therapy
A. Critical. B. Supportive.
C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
(　C　)4. Where is the passage taken from
A. A science-fiction book.
B. A guidebook.
C. A scientific newspaper.
D. A fashion magazine.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明,低脂肪和低碳水化合物的饮食都能很好地帮助人们减肥。此外,行为疗法通过改变人们的行为习惯来减肥,此方法也收效甚佳。
1. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In addition, the low-carbon diets may also improve levels of HDL cholesterol (胆固醇)…”可知,低碳饮食可以提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。
2. C　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“weight-loss programmes are better if they include some support to help people make changes to their eating and exercise habits”可知,如果人们改变饮食及健身习惯,减重效果会更好。
3. B　【解析】 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“this study shows that the behavioural therapy is able to work effectively”可知,如果你想减肥,研究表明行为疗法是有效的,故可推测作者对行为疗法持支持态度。
4. C　【解析】 推理判断题。综合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述新的研究表明低脂肪和低碳水化合物的饮食均能有效地帮助人们减肥,行为疗法的减肥效果也甚佳。由此可推测,本文很有可能来自一份科学报纸。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P15]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. A c　omedy　 is a play, film, or television programme that is intended to make people laugh.
2. They danced round in circles until they were d　izzy　.　
3. The customer has to deposit a minimum of ￡100 　monthly　 (month).
4. They saw the man with a little girl 　skipping　 (skip) along behind him.
5. He made many efforts to e　nhance　 his reputation.
6. The award has s　timulated　 her into working harder than ever before.
7. When you catch the f　lu　, you sometimes have a fever.
8. He has drunk one cup of coffee to r　efresh　 himself.
9. A s　kateboard　 is a narrow board with wheels at each end, which people stand on and ride for pleasure.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
原句:I feel like I’m in control of my own life.
I decided to take control of my life and find other ways to relax.
【一句多译】
经过三个小时的努力,他们已经控制住了混乱的局面。
1. They have brought the chaos 　under control　 after three hours’ efforts.
2. They 　have taken control of　 the chaos after three hours’ efforts.
3. They have been 　in control of　 the chaos after three hours’ efforts.
4. The chaos has been 　in the control of　 them after three hours’ efforts.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
We all know that regular exercise is good for us. In recent years we’ve been told to aim to walk 10,000 steps a day to remain healthy, although other advice to do three 10-minute walks a day is thought to be even more effective. But the latest piece of research might put a spring in your step if you’re someone who walks at a fast pace. That’s because, according to scientists, the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains, as well as their bodies, are ageing.
The BBC’s Philippa Roxby writes that tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of “accelerated ageing”. Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked faster. And to add insult to injury, the study found not only did slower walkers’ bodies age more quickly, but their faces looked older and they had smaller brains. Professor Terrie, lead author of the study, told the BBC: “It found that a slow walk is a problem sign decades before old age.”
This might be seen as a wake-up call for people with a slower pace who might feel it’s time to work out and get fitter. But it might be too late; researchers say they were able to predict the walking speed of 45-year-olds using the results of intelligence, language and motor skills tests from when they were aged three. They also suggest that even in early life, there are signs showing that people will go on to have a healthier life.
So, what’s the point of knowing that a slower walking pace might mean a smaller brain Well, researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age, and understanding what this might mean, could be a way of testing treatments to slow human ageing. This might help us make lifestyle changes while we’re still young and healthy. Any steps we can take to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no-brainer!
(　B　)1. What is the text mainly about
A. Walking and health.
B. Slow walking and ageing.
C. The way of slowing ageing.
D. The standard walking pace.
(　D　)2. What does the latest research show
A. Walking 10,000 steps a day helps keep you fit.
B. A slower walker is healthier than a faster walker.
C. Slower walkers are easy to have slower brains.
D. Ageing signs of slow walkers arise earlier than fast walkers.
(　C　)3. What do the underlined words “wake-up call” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Challenge. 　　　 B. Potential.
C. Reminder. D. Solution.
(　A　)4. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Testing walking speed before old age makes sense.
B. It’s important to keep fit both physically and mentally.
C. Walking pace is connected with health and ageing.
D. Walking speed at a young age determines one’s longevity.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。科学家表明,人在40多岁时走路速度的快慢能够反映出他们大脑及身体的衰老程度。
1. B　【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“That’s because, according to scientists, the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains, as well as their bodies, are ageing.”可知,人在40多岁时走路速度的快慢能够反映出他们大脑及身体的衰老程度,下文也由此展开。故B项“走路慢与变老”能概括本文大意。
2. D　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“slower walkers tended to show signs of ‘accelerated ageing’…in worse shape than those who walked faster.”可推知,与走路快的人相比,走得慢的人往往更易表现出加速衰老的迹象。
3. C　【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“who might feel it’s time to work out and get fitter”可知,走路较慢的人可能觉得到了该锻炼身体的时候了,由此可推测画线词意为“这可能是一个警钟”。
4. A　【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age…could be a way of testing treatments to slow human ageing”可知,研究人员认为在年轻的时候测试行走速度对延缓衰老的治疗实验可能有帮助,所以在步入老年前测试行走速度是有意义的。
Ⅳ. 阅读七选五
Many people believe that heart disease only affects older men. 　1　. The reality is that people of all ages die of heart attacks each year. And while death rates have declined in the US and many western European countries, they are on the rise in the developing world. Yet most heart disease is preventable.
The challenge of heart disease is that it may be silent for years before causing any noticeable problems. No one would have guessed that Barbara Teng would have a heart attack. She was not overweight. “The week after I turned 49 when I was on a business trip in Chicago, I had a major heart attack,” she said. 　2　. She now exercises daily and monitors her heart health.
Dr Patrice Nickens who is with the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute thinks that heart disease is 82 percent preventable. “　3　,” she said. “Men are also facing the same problem and the key to staying healthy is knowing your numbers. Your weight, your blood cholesterol, blood sugar and your blood pressure are important numbers that can help you take action and reduce your risk,” she added. 　4　. “And the steps to take are simple: don’t smoke, maintain a healthy weight, exercise, know your numbers and talk to your physician and control these risks,” she said.
African-Americans are at higher-than-average risk for heart disease and stroke; people don’t even know they have it, which increases the risk. MedStar Washington Hospital Center is trying to reach this population. 　5　. For example, they help the people monitor their blood pressure. If people realise they are at risk for heart disease, they’ll make lifestyle changes: lose weight, exercise, eat the right foods and keep in touch with a doctor.
A. With the right training, they can play an important role in community health
B. A healthy lifestyle can prevent heart disease
C. Lack of exercise causes heart attacks
D. It is the leading cause of death for women
E. This is a set idea that is not true
F. And that changed her life
G. So we must cure heart disease
1. 　E　　2. 　F　　3. 　D　
4. 　B　　5. 　A　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了心脏病是可以预防的,还介绍了预防心脏病的一些方法。
1. E　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文“Many people believe that heart disease only affects older men.”和下文“The reality is that people of all ages die of heart attacks each year.”可知,每年都有各个年龄段的人死于心脏病,而不只是老年人。故E项“这是一种不正确的固有观念”符合语境,选项中的“This”指代上文中人们普遍认同的观点。
2. F　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据下文“She now exercises daily and monitors her heart health.”可知,她现在每天锻炼身体,监测自己的心脏状况。由此可知,此空应该主要讲述心脏病改变了她的生活。
3. D　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据下文“Men are also facing the same problem…”可知,下文讲述了男性也面临着同样的问题,故空格处应是讲述心脏病对女性的影响。D项“它是女性死亡的主要原因”符合语境。
4. B　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格后讲述可采取的一些步骤,如保持健康的体重、锻炼身体、不要吸烟等,这些都属于健康的生活方式,故B项“健康的生活方式可以预防心脏病”符合语境。
5. A　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文“MedStar Washington Hospital Centre is trying to reach this population.”可知,很多人并不知道自己是否有心脏病,因此MedStar华盛顿医疗中心正试图帮助这些人。A项“通过适当的培训,他们可以在社区卫生方面发挥重要作用”符合语境,选项中的“they”应是指医疗中心的医护人员。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P17]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile!
Dr Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart. “When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive.” He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support his opinion.
When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones including adrenaline (肾上腺素) and cortisol (皮质醇). Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the body’s main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response.
However, when we are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are ever-present in our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems.
Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may have an unhealthy lifestyle, which can lead to health problems.
Dr Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish…smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects.
“Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, and improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health.” And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone’s heart health.
(　D　)1. Which of the following agrees with Dr Chockalingam’s opinion
A. Smile has the same effects as laughter.
B. Smile can be used to take the place of medicine.
C. Smile is better than any healthy lifestyle to health.
D. Smile can make our body produce beneficial chemicals.
(　C　)2. What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones
A. They can lower our blood pressure.
B. They will surely lead to heart disease.
C. They can benefit us when we are in danger.
D. They will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle.
(　A　)3. Why does Dr Chockalingam think smiling is helpful to our health
A. It can make us relax.
B. It increases sugar levels.
C. It has little bad side effects.
D. It can happen for no reason.
(　B　)4. What can be the best title for the text
A. A Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart Diseases
B. One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart
C. One Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress Hormones
D. The Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议人们多微笑,他认为微笑可能有利于心脏健康。文章还介绍了微笑有利于健康的原因。
1. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive.”可知,当我们微笑时,大脑神经网络发生变化,释放出更积极的化学物质。即微笑能使我们的身体产生有益的化学物质。
2. C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you.”可知,当我们有危险时,压力荷尔蒙会帮助我们。“these hormones”指代上文中的“stress hormone”。
3. A　【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Once people smile, they are relaxing.”可知 ,当人们微笑时,他们会感到放松,即微笑可以使人放松,而这种放松状态对健康有益。
4. B　【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第二段中的“Dr Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart.”可知,专家认为微笑可能是让心脏健康的一种方式。文章内容表明微笑能够让我们放松,进而有利于我们的健康,所以想要健康那就要多微笑。故B项“现在就做这件事,助力心脏健康”能概括文章大意,可作为最佳标题。
Ⅱ. 书面表达
建议信写作
文体感知
概念:建议信是写信人向收信人就某事提出建议或忠告的一种文体。建议信要写得简明扼要,观点合情合理;语言要具有说服力;语气要委婉客气。
内容安排:第一段:写信的目的(提建议);
第二段:具体的建议,改进措施;
第三段:希望采纳建议,期待回复信件。
【素材】
假定你是李华,你的英国笔友John写信告诉你,近日他由于沉迷网络游戏,健康受到了很大的影响。请你用英语给他写一封回信,给他提一些建议。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 应用文(建议信)
话题 网络游戏与健康
时态 以一般现在时为主
人称 以第一人称和第二人称为主
【词汇】
1. 充满活力的;精力充沛的　　 　dynamic　
2. 使恢复精力　 　refresh　
3. 摆脱…… 　get rid of　
4. 自制力 　discipline　
5. 增进;加强 　build up　
6. 下定决心 　make up one’s mind　
7. 控制 　take control of　
8. 养成……的习惯 　form the habit of 　　
9. 好转 　change for the better　
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)听说你沉迷网络游戏,并且这已经严重影响到了你的身体健康,我感到非常遗憾。
I’m sorry to hear that you 　are addicted to　online games and it has greatly affected your physical health.
(2)为了帮助你摆脱它,我愿意给你一些建议。
　To help you get rid of it　, I’m willing to give you some advice.
(3)首先,你应该限制花在网络游戏上的时间。
First, you should 　take control of　 the time that you spend on online games.
(4)同时,把更多的注意力放在其他事情上,比如参加更多的活动。
Meanwhile, pay more attention to other things, such as 　taking part in more activities　.
(5)形成有规律的作息习惯也能帮助你改进。
　Forming a regular habit of getting up and going to bed　 can also help you to change 　for the better　.
(6)只要你下定决心,并且自律一点,任何坏习惯都可以戒掉。
　As long as you make up your mind and discipline yourself　, any bad habit can be kicked.
(7)通过这种方式,你将在很大程度上提高你的健康水平和生活质量。
In this way, you will largely 　improve your health and quality of life　.
2. 句式升级
(1)用so…that…结构改写第1小题中的句(1)。
　I’m sorry to hear that you are so addicted to online games that it has greatly affected your physical health　.
(2)用过去分词短语作定语改写第1小题中的句(3)。
　First, you should take control of the time spent on online games　.
(3)用get done结构改写第1小题中的句(7)。
　In this way, your health and quality of life will get largely improved　.
【妙笔成篇】
Dear John,
I’m sorry to hear that you are so addicted to online games that it has greatly affected your physical health. To help you get rid of it, I’m willing to give you some advice.
First, you should take control of the time spent on online games. Meanwhile, pay more attention to other things, such as taking part in more activities. Besides, forming a regular habit of getting up and going to bed can also help you to change for the better. As long as you make up your mind and discipline yourself, any bad habit can be kicked. In this way, your health and quality of life will get largely improved.
I hope that you can keep away from online games and live a healthy and dynamic life.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P19]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. n.+-ic→adj.
alcohol→　alcoholic　 adj.酒精的;含酒精的　
dynamo→　dynamic　 adj.精力充沛的;动态的;动力的
pessimism→　pessimistic　 adj.悲观的;悲观主义的
【n.+-ic→adj.拓展】
enthusiasm→　enthusiastic　 adj.热情的;热心的
economy→　economic　 adj.经济上的;经济学的
history→　historic　 adj.历史上著名(或重要)的
strategy→　strategic　 adj.战略性的;战略上的
iron→　ironic　 adj.反语的;讽刺的
cube→　cubic　 adj.立方的;立方形的
2. v.+-or →n.(物)
escalate→　escalator　 n.自动扶梯;滚梯
calculate→　calculator　 n.计算器
【v.+-or →n.(物)拓展】
generate→　generator　 n.发电机
sense→　sensor　 n.传感器
detect→　detector　 n.探测器
conduct→　conductor　 n.导体
3. v.+-ance→n.
disturb→　disturbance　 n.(使)打扰;干扰;妨碍
accept→　acceptance　 n.接受;认可
【v.+-ance→n.拓展】
guide→　guidance　 n.指导
annoy→　annoyance　 n.烦恼
appear→　appearance　 n.出现
perform→　performance　 n.演出
4. v.+-ing→n.(运动)
bowl→　bowling　 n.保龄球运动
jog→　jogging　 n.慢跑锻炼
【v.+-ing→n.(运动)拓展】
run→　running　 n.跑步运动
swim→　swimming　 n.游泳运动
skate→　skating　 n.滑冰　
ski→　skiing　 n.滑雪运动
5. re-+adj./v.→v.
fresh→　refresh　 v.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新
new→　renew　 v.更新;重新开始
【re-+adj./v.→v.拓展】
play→　replay　 v.重放;重播
tell→　retell　 v.复述;重新讲述
consider→　reconsider　 v.重新考虑
start→　restart　 v.重新开始
union→　reunion　 v.重聚
6. v.+on→及物动词短语
　rely　 on　依靠;依赖　
　depend　 on　依靠;信赖
　rest　 on　依靠;依赖
　count　 on　依靠;依赖
7. v.+one’s mind→动宾短语
make up one’s mind 　决定;下定决心　
come across one’s mind 　忽然想到……　
change one’s mind 　改变看法　
open one’s mind 　对……吐露心意(真情)　
cross one’s mind 　(念头)在某人脑海中闪过　
8. v.+out →动词短语
stress out 　紧张;焦虑　
wear out 　(使)磨损;(使)用坏;使精疲力竭　
put out 　熄灭;扑灭　
sell out 　售完;售罄　
work out 　锻炼;计算出　
blow out 　吹灭;熄灭　
run out 　用完;耗尽　
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. With more children relying on technology for learning, the risk of online a　buse　 is rising.
2. The new airport will f　acilitate　 the development of tourism.
3. The d　rug　 will be useful to hundreds of thousands of infected people.
4. The s　urgeon　 operated on her to remove the tumor (肿瘤) and the s　urgery　 took almost 12 hours.
5. Around 15% of our diet is 　composed　 (compose) of protein.
6. Award is something such as a prize or money given to someone to r　eward　 people for something they have done.
7. Millions of people gave freely in 　response　 (respond) to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.
8. Before 　liberation　 (liberate) there were few doctors and little medicine in the countryside.
9. When my dad shaved his b　eard　 off, he looked ten years younger.
10. A style 　consultant　 (consult) will demonstrate how to dress to impress.
11. The physician e　xamines　 the patient then diagnoses the disease and prescribes medication.
12. People should not do things that will d　isturb　 neighbours.
13. Summers are hot, with 　monthly　 (month) averages above 22 ℃.
14. He nodded absently, his attention 　absorbed　 (absorb) by the screen.
15. Family influence 　dominates　 (dominate) the shaping of one’s characteristics, therefore parents should build a healthy environment for kids.
Ⅲ. 单元语法精练
1. 　Walking　 (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
2. 　Being exposed　 (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
3. 　To answer　 (answer) correctly is more important than to finish quickly.
4. He told us whether 　to have　 (have) a picnic was still under discussion.
5. 　To travel　 (travel) is not a wise choice on National Day this year.
6. It’s a fantastic idea 　to have　 (have) 5 days off every week.
7. 　Sharing　 (share) stories with others is meaningful and interesting.
8. It’s standard practice for a company like this one 　to employ　 (employ) a security officer.
9. It’s not practical enough 　to complete　 (complete) such a hard task in a short time.
10. John returns home each year 　to celebrate　 (celebrate) Christmas and New Year with his family.
11. It’s not easy for a school 　to invent　 (invent) a wonderful game.
12. It’s no good 　wasting　 (waste) your time on something useless.
13. 　Understanding　 (understand) your own needs and communication styles is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
14. 　To protect　 (protect) the environment this year is the most popular in the world.
15. 　To miss　 (miss) this opportunity this time will make you regret forever.
16. Doing nothing but wait here with these girls 　was　 (be) what kept the little boy annoyed.
17. It’s unwise of you 　to get　 (get) married under 18.
18. 　To say　 (say ) you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse.
19. This association was formed 　to represent　 (represent) the interests of women artists.
20. Mary decided to attend the party, 　hoping　 (hope) to see her friends whom she hadn’t seen for years.

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