资源简介

Unit 3　Environmental Protection
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P21]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The frontier station was (starve) for food and water.
2. Oil pollution could damage the fragile e of the coral reefs.
3. Meanwhile the use of fossil f results in environmental pollution.
4. Dr Trista undertook the task of writing a (comprehend) English dictionary last year.
5. We had to pause (frequent) for breath.
6. The growing t of single mothers is to bring up children by themselves.
7. The radio b to all parts of the world every day.
8. S the chance, otherwise you’ll regret it.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
1. 原句:There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
(1)她会不会准时来还不一定。
she will come on time.
(2)毫无疑问,有了正确的方法,再加上你的努力,你一定会成功的。
you are sure to succeed with right methods and your efforts.
= , you are sure to succeed with right methods and your efforts.
2. 原句:Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.
(1)网络文学已经成为一种新的趋势,吸引着各个年龄段的人。
Internet literature has become a new trend, to people of all ages.
(2)中国修建了许多高速公路,使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行更加便利。
Many highways have been built in China, for people to travel from one place to another.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
The IPCC report does not mince words (直言不讳) about the state of our planet: We must act now to achieve global change at a scale that has “no documented historical precedent (先例)” in order to avoid the climate disaster that would result from a 2-degree Celsius rise in average global temperature. Climate change already affects the world’s most helpless people including poor rural communities that depend on the land for their livings and coastal communities. Indeed, we have already seen the clear asymmetry (不对称) of suffering resulting from extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, wildfires and more.
So far, advocates and politicians have tended to focus on reducing fossil fuel consumption through technology and policy, such as a sharp carbon tax, as climate solutions. These proposals are, of course, essential to reducing man-made carbon emissions—71 percent of which are produced by just 100 fossil fuel companies.
Yet the international focus on fossil fuels has overshadowed (使……显得不重要) the most powerful and cost-efficient carbon-capture technology the world has yet seen: forests. Recent scientific research confirms that forests and other “natural climate solutions” are absolutely essential in reducing climate change. In fact, natural climate solutions can help us achieve 37 percent of our climate target, even though they currently receive only 2.5 percent of public climate financing.
Forests’ power to store carbon dioxide through the simple process of tree growth is staggering: One tree can even store an average of about 48 pounds of carbon dioxide in one year. Recent research shows undamaged forests are capable of storing the same amount of the carbon dioxide emissions of entire countries such as Peru and Colombia.
For this reason, policy makers and business leaders must create and strengthen ambitious policies to prevent deforestation, and support the sustainable management of standing forests in the fight against climate change. Protecting the world’s forests ensures they can continue to provide essential functions aside from climate stability, including producing oxygen, filtering water and supporting biodiversity. Not only do all the world’s people depend on forests to provide clean air, clean water, oxygen, and medicines, but 1.6 billion people rely on them directly for their livelihoods.
( )1. According to the passage, climate change 　　　.
A. will surely achieve at a scale that is more serious than ever before
B. will only affect people living in the poorest rural regions
C. is likely to lead to more frequent extreme weather events
D. is entirely determined by fossil fuel consumption
( )2. What’s the finding of the new research
A. Reducing fossil fuels is the most powerful and cost-efficient technology.
B. Forests are vital to reducing climate change due to their storage power.
C. Most of our climate targets can be accomplished with the help of natural climate solutions.
D. Natural climate solutions have proved less efficient than conventional solutions.
( )3. The underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 4 means 　　　.
A. astonishing B. speeding
C. embarrassing D. shrinking
( )4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this article
A. To compare two different approaches to dealing with climate change.
B. To argue against the view that focus on fossil fuels reduction counts.
C. To urge scientists to do more research into natural climate solutions.
D. To point out forests are the most powerful weapon for fighting climate change.
Ⅳ. 语法填空
In modern India, polluting sectors continue to be important pillars of the economy. Many argue that any attempt to get rid of coal would result 　1　 a widespread loss of jobs. 　2　 (similar), much of India’s commercial transport is run on diesel (柴油). The idea of replacing diesel trucks and cars with cleaner electric powered vehicles 　3　 (consider) too expensive. As the change from coal to natural gas would increase their operating 　4　 (cost), business owners fear becoming less
　5　 (compete) in an increasingly global market.
One of the 　6　 (large) contributors to air pollution in India, especially in the north of the country, 　7　 (be) the agricultural sector. Every year, between October and November, thousands of farmers burn harvest residue (剩余物) as they prepare fields for the new crop. The practice, 　8　 (know) as “stubble burning”, leads to a smoky haze forming in much of northern India.
The government tries 　9　 (encourage) the use of green technology, such as so-called “Happy Seeder” machines 　10　 can sow seeds without having to remove the agricultural residue. However, this has proven to be expensive.
1. 　 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P23]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The government promised to (贯彻) a new system to control financial loan institutions.
2. The r and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life.
3. With friendship, life is happy and (harmony).
4. He was treated badly and u a lot of hardships in his childhood.
5. The bill would be s for public discussion before being enacted as law.
6. While a m amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.
7. After the failure of the electricity supplies, the city was in c .
8. The grandfather had assembled all the members of the family for the (每年的) gathering.
9. Some of us are (sense) to smells, while others find colours easier to remember.
Ⅱ. 完形填空
The last time Jack Hanson took an airplane, he was a junior at the University of Vermont. To return from a term abroad in Copenhagen, he flew from Denmark, 　1　 in Iceland, and landed in New York.
But the next term, one of his professors asked students to 　2　 their individual energy usage. And when Mr Hanson did the 　3　, he realised that just one leg of that international flight 　4　 more energy, and more greenhouse gas emissions, than all the other things that year 　5　—the driving and heating and lighting and eating and everything else.
He was 　6　. “I just couldn’t 　7　 it,” he says. “It really is an extreme. It’s an extreme amount of energy, an extreme amount of 　8　.”
So Mr Hanson decided to stop 　9　. Since then, he has travelled by train and bike and car, and has even written a song about the 　10　 of getting home to Chicago on an overnight bus. But he has not been on an airplane.
And he has never found travel more 　11　, he says. He knows that some people find this hard to 　12　, including many friends and family members. They decide Mr Hanson’s approach is 　13　.
Go more 　14　, and travel begins to return to what it once was: a slow change of one place to another, a sense of space, an unwinding of time.
“Once you’ve tasted this way of 　15　, you understand what it’s all about,” he says.
( )1. A. pulled B. stopped
C. stayed　 D. played
( )2. A. judge B. consider
C. calculate D. reduce
( )3. A. performance B. research
C. experiment D. math
( )4. A. accounted for B. called for
C. figured out　 D. turned out
( )5. A. listed　 B. combined
C. separated　 D. bought
( )6. A. shocked B. embarrassed
C. entertained D. bored
( )7. A. explain　 B. make　
C. refuse　 D. manage
( )8. A. pleasure B. waste
C. money D. pollution
( )9. A. driving　 B. heating
C. flying　　 D. lighting
( )10. A. incidents B. stories
C. disasters　 D. conditions
( )11. A. joyful　 B. dangerous
C. upset　 D. expensive
( )12. A. tell B. believe
C. prove　 D. describe
( )13. A. delightful B. inflexible
C. effective D. unreasonable
( )14. A. carefully B. wildly
C. slowly D. actively
( )15. A. cooking B. resting
C. relaxing D. travelling
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their dining commons: the “Diet for a Cooler Planet” menu. This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach. It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm’s field post-harvest. The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and had little to no packaging.
“We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food,” says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining. The university is not alone in this effort. Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change. For many, small choices at the grocery store, dining hall, and restaurant can feel more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car or installing home solar panels.
Small changes in dietary habits may make a big difference. Climate activists often target fossil fuels and transportation systems, but studies point to the food system as a significant contributor to global warming. According to Project Drawdown, a research organisation that evaluates climate solutions, the way food is grown, transported, and consumed accounts for about a quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. Beef is a regular target. “If, on average, Americans cut a quarter pound of beef per week from their diet, it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year,” says Sujatha Bergen, director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council. Food waste ranks third among climate solutions. While much waste occurs before consumers are involved—food left on the field or “chucked” because it does not fit appearance standards, Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased: about $1,600 worth a year per family of four.
“People are beginning to understand that their food choices make a big impact on climate,” says Megan Larmer, director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York. But, she cautions substantial change will need to come from the whole food system.
( )1. What is the purpose of the new menu at the University of Massachusetts
A. To market the cold dishes.
B. To reduce the cost of packaging.
C. To popularise the plant-heavy diet.
D. To promote low carbon awareness.
( )2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A. Food is a decisive factor for climate change.
B. Food choices matter much to global warming.
C. Universities are working together in climate action.
D. Fuel-efficient cars are not affordable for consumers.
( )3. What does Sujatha Bergen say about beef
A. It has great influence on carbon reduction.
B. It is popular among millions of car drivers.
C. It has a close relationship with gas emission.
D. It plays a significant role in American’s diet.
( )4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Food System Reform: A Successful Trial　
B. Global Warming: An Approaching Danger　
C. Carbon Emission: A Killer, or Healer
D. Low Carbon Diet: A Craze, or More
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P25]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The pollution caused by cars leads to s and acid rain.
2. New roads are being built to cope with the increased v of traffic.
3. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional g as a whole.
4. Financial management is key in any company or e .
5. (conserve) programmes cannot function without local support.
6. I gave the radio a thorough (inspect) before buying it.
7. Be sure to fasten the seat belt, or you are bound to (fine).
8. Abraham Lincoln (campaign) for the abolition of slavery and he succeeded at last.
9. He is fluent in a d foreign languages, such as French, Spanish and Chinese.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
原句:Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
1. 她离开了房间,所有的灯还亮着。
She left the room .
2. 他走进黑暗的街道,手里拿着根棍子。
He walked into the dark street .
3. 因为还有很多工作要做,他不被允许外出。
, he wasn’t allowed to go out.
4. 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。
, they drove to the palace.
5. 自行车被偷了,她只好步行回家。
She had to walk home .
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Pollution’s serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.
The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity (生物多样性), improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimise human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.
( )1. What can we know about green buildings
A. Producing no waste.
B. Only using clean energy.
C. Being made of new materials.
D. Being environment-friendly.
( )2. What is a green building probably like according to Paragraph 5
A. Large. B. Small.
C. Green. D. Low.
( )3. What is the purpose of using green roofs
A. To fit the environment.
B. To keep warm.
C. To collect nature water.
D. To reduce costs.
( )4. What is the text mainly about
A. Promoting energy efficiency.
B. Environmental benefits.
C. Green buildings.
D. Ecosystems and biodiversity.
Ⅳ. 阅读七选五
Plogging
Plogging is a new way to jog while cleaning up the planet. It’s a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the motivation behind it includes reducing the load of plastic litter in our environment, as well as keeping fit while running. 　1　 If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others, and care about removing litter from our environment, then this might just be the sport for you.
Make good preparations before plogging. Dress suitably for the environment in which you are running. This will vary depending on the weather and surroundings, but the basics are comfortable running clothes and closed-toe running shoes. Suitable gloves are a wise and useful addition, as picking up litter can be dangerous in some situations. 　2　 This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges.
Organise your plogging group. If you’re lucky enough to have ploggers already in your area, seek them out. Join up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check out such meeting groups at Meetup or ask at a local sports store to find out what opportunities exist where you live. If you don’t have a group, create one. Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers. 　3　
Collect safely. One key suggestion for staying safe while collecting litter is to avoid picking up broken glass or sharp items. If you must collect such an item, only do so when you can find a very safe way to collect it without harming yourself. If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it. 　4　 If an item of litter presents a potential safety risk, try to mark the item clearly to encourage people to avoid it.
　5　 It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care. You’re part of the growing movement of people who are giving back to the world at the same time as honouring self care, a sustainable and healthy way to balance your life. This could be a fantastic opportunity to show people that individual action makes a big difference.
A. Taking some photos during the process is also necessary.
B. You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.
C. Usually performed as part of a group run, it’s also a social exercise.
D. You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.
E. Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit.
F. If you find a natural area with litter problem, this might be a suitable place.
G. With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.
1. 　2. 　3.
4. 　5.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P27]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began learning about all the ways humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to heart in a way that set him apart from his schoolmates at his elementary school, P.S. 81, in the Bronx. “He told me we drove too much and made too much pollution,” his dad, Jonathan Cane, told Runner’s World. So Simon convinced his parents to start hanging their clothes to dry, taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other “green” measures.
“For much of kindergarten and first grade I rode my bike to Simon’s school with him on the back,” Jonathan said. “We had a lot of fun being outdoors. We’d stop to give our dog treats and generally enjoyed it.” As Simon got bigger, though, it wasn’t practical for him to ride on his father’s bike, but it also didn’t make sense to ride together—both because of safety concerns and because there was no place to put away Simon’s bike. So, most of the time they drove the 1.5 miles to school.
But in 2019, when Simon was going into third grade, he came up with a new way to help the planet: running the 1.5 miles to P.S. 81. And Jonathan promised his son he’d join him for as long as he wanted.
“We did a test run one day in August, and decided to give it a go. To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨眼) after it got really cold or rainy, but he never did,” Jonathan said. He recalled one day when the weather was particularly bad. “It’s really raining out there today,” he told Simon. And Simon said, “Well then we’re going to get wet!” He took pride in toughing it out, and it became a really fun family routine.
Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even inspired his mum, Nicole Sin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school”.
( )1. What makes Simon different from his classmates
A. Washing his clothes by himself.
B. Taking many classes after school.
C. Raising strange questions in class.
D. Taking green measures to protect the environment.
( )2. How did Simon usually go to school in second grade
A. By car.
B. By cycling.
C. By running.
D. By school bus.
( )3. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A. Simon has trouble with his eyesight.
B. Simon is really stubborn and inflexible.
C. Simon is much tougher than expected.
D. Simon didn’t get support from his father.
( )4. What can be the best title for the text
A. The Best Way to Go to School
B. Father and Son Run for the Environment　
C. A Teenager Keeps Running to Inspire Father　
D. Three Inspiring Running Athletes to Protect the Environment
Ⅱ. 书面表达
环保类写作
文体感知
概念:环境污染已成为越来越受关注的社会问题,这类短文不仅反映了现实,也呼吁人们关注环境问题和增强环境保护意识。
内容安排:第一部分:提出问题(或现状);
第二部分:分析问题(形成的原因或导致的危害);
第三部分:提出建议或分析对策。
【素材】
请根据表格提示,写一篇关于环境问题以及如何保护环境的英语短文。
环境问题 大气污染、水污染、沙尘暴等。
原因 现代社会的迅速发展,人们对大自然的破坏。
结果 有害人类的健康,使一些动植物灭绝。
我的建议 ……
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 频繁地　　　　　
2. 对……造成危害　
3. 灭绝
4. 负责任的
5. 资源
6. 越来越差
7. 有效的
8. 采取措施
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)现在,出现了很多环境问题,如大气污染、水污染、沙尘暴。(there be句型)
.
(2)一些动植物正因各种环境问题而灭绝。(主谓结构) 　
.
(3)人类应该对这些问题负责。(主系表结构)
.
(4)随着社会的发展,越来越多的车辆被生产,垃圾越来越多,更多的自然资源正在被利用。(被动语态)
.
(5)这些都使得我们的环境越来越糟。(主谓宾+宾语补足语结构)
.
(6)只有这样我们才能拥有一个更好的环境。(主谓宾结构)
.
2. 句式升级
(1)用强调句型改写第1小题中的句(3)。
.
(2)用非限制性定语从句合并第1小题中的句(4)、句(5)。
.
(3)用倒装句改写第1小题中的句(6)。
.
【妙笔成篇】
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P29]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.(mit结尾)+-ssion→n.
emit→ n.排放物;散发物;排放
submit→ n.屈服;排放;提交;呈递
【v.(mit结尾)+-ssion→n.拓展】
admit→ n.准许加入;承认
permit→ n.准许;许可;批准
transmit→ n.传送;传递;传播
omit→ n.省略
2. v./n. +-able→adj.
habitat→ adj.适合居住的
sustain→ adj.可持续的;合理利用的
【v./n.+-able→adj.拓展】
rely→ adj.可信赖的;可靠的
renew→ adj.可更新的;可再生的
replace→ adj.可替换的;可代替的
remark→ adj.显著的;引人注目的
value→ adj.贵重的;很有用的
approach→ adj.和蔼可亲的;可接近的
3. v.+-ive→adj.
comprehend→ adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的
sense→ adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
【v.+-ive→adj.拓展】
conserve→ adj.保守的;守旧的
attract → adj.有吸引力的
addict→ adj.令人上瘾的
creat → adj.有创造力的
4. v.(e结尾)+-ation→n.
starve→ n.饥饿;挨饿;饿死
conserve→ n.(对环境、文物等)保护;保持
【v.(e结尾)+-ation→n.拓展】
realise→ n.实现
organise→ n.组织
imagine→ n.想象力;想象
inspire→ n.灵感;妙计
5. v.+-al→n.
dispose→ n.去掉;清除;处理
approve→ n.赞成;同意;批准
【v.+-al→n.拓展】
arrive→ n.到达
withdraw→ n.撤走;收回;取回
survive→ n.幸存
propose→ n.提议;建议
remove→ n.移动;去除
refuse→ n.拒绝
6. turn+adv.→动词短语
turn off
turn on
【turn +adv.短语拓展】
turn up
turn down
turn around
turn out
turn in
turn over
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. A new TV programme (broadcast) this evening.
2. He wanted to wash his hands, only to find there was hardly any water in the b .
3. The government has given top priority to (reform) the tax system.
4. Without trust, ordered societies would descend into c .
5. Nobody can imagine the consequences of total n war.
6. The lion is the king of the j , which is known even by children.
7. How do you measure the v of a gas
8. Some rules or regulations for foreign-invested companies are not applicable to state-owned e .
9. Since the end of the repair work, this beautiful old building has been r to its former glory.
10. The test results (release) two months earlier than expected.
Ⅲ. 句型转换
1. He said, “I have left your book in the library.”
→He said that he book in the library.
2. “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in my diary,” said Annie.
→Annie said that she want to set down a series of facts in diary.
3. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said.
→He said that he the house 10 years .
4. “Did you see her last week ” he said.
→He I had seen her the week .
5. He asked, “How did you find it, mother ”
→He asked his mother found it.
6. “Where have you been these days ” he asked.
→He asked me been days.
7. “Do you know where she lives ” he asked.
→He asked knew where she .
8. “Stop making so much noise, children,” he said.
→He the children making so much noise.
9. “Don’t tell him the news,” she said.
→She told me him the news.
10. “Are you interested in this ” he said.
→He I was interested in . 　
Ⅳ. 单元语法精练
1. The man asked me I could lend him some money or not.
2. Jane asked her father he was late for the party that day.
3. His father told him not (leave) the door open.
4. The teacher said that light (travel) faster than sound.
5. She told me that the meeting (hold) in her office in half an hour.
6. The woman told us that she (be) to many countries already.
7. The boy said that when the teacher came in, he (read) a novel.
8. The mayor told the villagers that a new school (build) here the next year.
9. He told us that he (go) to college in 1994.
10. The captain ordered all the soldiers (stay) in the building.
11. Tony said that our train (arrive) in five minutes.
12. Mr Jonathan said that he (draw) the picture the week before.
13. She told me that she (want) to decrease the amount of fat in her diet.
14. The candidate asked the manager (give) him five minutes for preparation. Unit 3　Environmental Protection
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P21]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The frontier station was 　starved　 (starve) for food and water.
2. Oil pollution could damage the fragile e　cology　 of the coral reefs.
3. Meanwhile the use of fossil f　uels　 results in environmental pollution.
4. Dr Trista undertook the task of writing a　comprehensive　 (comprehend) English dictionary last year.
5. We had to pause 　frequently　 (frequent) for breath.
6. The growing t　rend　 of single mothers is to bring up children by themselves.
7. The radio b　roadcasts　 to all parts of the world every day.
8. S　eize　 the chance, otherwise you’ll regret it.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
1. 原句:There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
(1)她会不会准时来还不一定。
　There is some doubt whether　 she will come on time.
(2)毫无疑问,有了正确的方法,再加上你的努力,你一定会成功的。
　There’s no/little doubt that　 you are sure to succeed with right methods and your efforts.
=　Without doubt　, you are sure to succeed with right methods and your efforts.
2. 原句:Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.
(1)网络文学已经成为一种新的趋势,吸引着各个年龄段的人。
Internet literature has become a new trend, 　appealing　 to people of all ages.
(2)中国修建了许多高速公路,使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行更加便利。
Many highways have been built in China, 　making it easier　 for people to travel from one place to another.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
The IPCC report does not mince words (直言不讳) about the state of our planet: We must act now to achieve global change at a scale that has “no documented historical precedent (先例)” in order to avoid the climate disaster that would result from a 2-degree Celsius rise in average global temperature. Climate change already affects the world’s most helpless people including poor rural communities that depend on the land for their livings and coastal communities. Indeed, we have already seen the clear asymmetry (不对称) of suffering resulting from extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, wildfires and more.
So far, advocates and politicians have tended to focus on reducing fossil fuel consumption through technology and policy, such as a sharp carbon tax, as climate solutions. These proposals are, of course, essential to reducing man-made carbon emissions—71 percent of which are produced by just 100 fossil fuel companies.
Yet the international focus on fossil fuels has overshadowed (使……显得不重要) the most powerful and cost-efficient carbon-capture technology the world has yet seen: forests. Recent scientific research confirms that forests and other “natural climate solutions” are absolutely essential in reducing climate change. In fact, natural climate solutions can help us achieve 37 percent of our climate target, even though they currently receive only 2.5 percent of public climate financing.
Forests’ power to store carbon dioxide through the simple process of tree growth is staggering: One tree can even store an average of about 48 pounds of carbon dioxide in one year. Recent research shows undamaged forests are capable of storing the same amount of the carbon dioxide emissions of entire countries such as Peru and Colombia.
For this reason, policy makers and business leaders must create and strengthen ambitious policies to prevent deforestation, and support the sustainable management of standing forests in the fight against climate change. Protecting the world’s forests ensures they can continue to provide essential functions aside from climate stability, including producing oxygen, filtering water and supporting biodiversity. Not only do all the world’s people depend on forests to provide clean air, clean water, oxygen, and medicines, but 1.6 billion people rely on them directly for their livelihoods.
(　C　)1. According to the passage, climate change 　　　.
A. will surely achieve at a scale that is more serious than ever before
B. will only affect people living in the poorest rural regions
C. is likely to lead to more frequent extreme weather events
D. is entirely determined by fossil fuel consumption
(　B　)2. What’s the finding of the new research
A. Reducing fossil fuels is the most powerful and cost-efficient technology.
B. Forests are vital to reducing climate change due to their storage power.
C. Most of our climate targets can be accomplished with the help of natural climate solutions.
D. Natural climate solutions have proved less efficient than conventional solutions.
(　A　)3. The underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 4 means 　　　.
A. astonishing B. speeding
C. embarrassing D. shrinking
(　D　)4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this article
A. To compare two different approaches to dealing with climate change.
B. To argue against the view that focus on fossil fuels reduction counts.
C. To urge scientists to do more research into natural climate solutions.
D. To point out forests are the most powerful weapon for fighting climate change.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名画家约翰内斯·维米尔(Johannes Vermeer),他生前认真创作,但作品并没有出名。在他去世后,他的作品重新被大家发现并受到欢迎。
1. C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Indeed, we have already seen the clear asymmetry (不对称) of suffering resulting from extreme weather events…”可知,气候变化会导致极端天气。
2. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“forests and other ‘natural climate solutions’ are absolutely essential in reducing climate change”和第四段中的“Forests’ power to store carbon dioxide…”可知,森林具备储存二氧化碳的能力,在缓解气候变化方面是很重要的。
3. A　【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句中的“One tree can even store an average of about 48 pounds of carbon dioxide in one year.”可知,一棵树一年内平均储存48磅二氧化碳。由此可推知,此处是指森林通过简单的树木生长过程来储存二氧化碳的能力是惊人的,故“staggering”意为“令人震惊的”。
4. D　【解析】 主旨大意题。综合文章内容可知,作者主要在讲森林在应对气候变化中的积极作用,并呼吁人们保护森林,故D项“指出森林是应对气候变化最有力的武器”符合文意。
Ⅳ. 语法填空
In modern India, polluting sectors continue to be important pillars of the economy. Many argue that any attempt to get rid of coal would result 　1　 a widespread loss of jobs. 　2　 (similar), much of India’s commercial transport is run on diesel (柴油). The idea of replacing diesel trucks and cars with cleaner electric powered vehicles 　3　 (consider) too expensive. As the change from coal to natural gas would increase their operating 　4　 (cost), business owners fear becoming less
　5　 (compete) in an increasingly global market.
One of the 　6　 (large) contributors to air pollution in India, especially in the north of the country, 　7　 (be) the agricultural sector. Every year, between October and November, thousands of farmers burn harvest residue (剩余物) as they prepare fields for the new crop. The practice, 　8　 (know) as “stubble burning”, leads to a smoky haze forming in much of northern India.
The government tries 　9　 (encourage) the use of green technology, such as so-called “Happy Seeder” machines 　10　 can sow seeds without having to remove the agricultural residue. However, this has proven to be expensive.
1. 　in　　 2. 　Similarly　
3. 　is considered 4. 　costs　
5. 　competitive 6. 　largest　
7. 　is 8. 　known　
9. 　to encourage 10. 　that/which　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。在现代印度,煤炭业一直是经济的重要支柱,然而煤炭的使用也带来了环境污染问题。因此,印度政府鼓励使用绿色科技降低污染。
1. in　【解析】 考查介词。此处表示“停止使用煤炭将会导致大面积的失业”,result in意为“导致”。
2. Similarly　【解析】 考查副词。句意:同样地,印度大部分的商业运输由柴油驱动。空格处修饰其后的整个句子,应用副词形式。
3. is considered　【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空格处应用谓语动词;全文通篇使用一般现在时,故此处也应用一般现在时;主语the idea与动词consider之间构成被动关系,应用被动语态;主语the idea为单数,故谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。
4. costs　【解析】 考查名词的数。此处表示“从煤炭到天然气的转变会增加他们的经营成本”,cost作“成本”时通常用复数形式。
5. competitive　【解析】 考查形容词。此处表示“企业老板害怕他们的产品在日益全球化的市场中变得没有竞争力”,空格处位于become后,应用形容词作表语。
6. largest　【解析】 考查形容词最高级。此处表示“造成印度空气污染的最主要原因之一”,此处为固定句式,one of +the+形容词最高级+名词复数,意为“最……之一”。
7. is　【解析】 考查时态和主谓一致。空格处为谓语动词,全文通篇使用一般现在时,故此处也应用一般现在时;主语为“one of the 　6　 (large) contributors”,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
8. known　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意:这个被称为“秸秆焚烧”的惯例导致印度北部大部分地区布满阴霾。分析句子结构可知,空格处应用非谓语动词,动词know与其逻辑主语the practice之间构成被动关系,应用过去分词形式。
9. to encourage　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处表示“政府试图鼓励使用环保技术”,此处为固定搭配,try to do sth意为“试图做某事”。
10. that/which　【解析】 考查定语从句引导词。空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为machines,指物,且先行词在从句中做主语,应用that/which。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P23]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The government promised to 　implement　 (贯彻) a new system to control financial loan institutions.
2. The r　eform　 and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life.
3. With friendship, life is happy and 　harmonious　 (harmony).
4. He was treated badly and u　nderwent　 a lot of hardships in his childhood.
5. The bill would be s　ubmitted　 for public discussion before being enacted as law.
6. While a m　oderate　 amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.
7. After the failure of the electricity supplies, the city was in c　haos　.
8. The grandfather had assembled all the members of the family for the 　annual　 (每年的) gathering.
9. Some of us are 　sensitive　 (sense) to smells, while others find colours easier to remember.
Ⅱ. 完形填空
The last time Jack Hanson took an airplane, he was a junior at the University of Vermont. To return from a term abroad in Copenhagen, he flew from Denmark, 　1　 in Iceland, and landed in New York.
But the next term, one of his professors asked students to 　2　 their individual energy usage. And when Mr Hanson did the 　3　, he realised that just one leg of that international flight 　4　 more energy, and more greenhouse gas emissions, than all the other things that year 　5　—the driving and heating and lighting and eating and everything else.
He was 　6　. “I just couldn’t 　7　 it,” he says. “It really is an extreme. It’s an extreme amount of energy, an extreme amount of 　8　.”
So Mr Hanson decided to stop 　9　. Since then, he has travelled by train and bike and car, and has even written a song about the 　10　 of getting home to Chicago on an overnight bus. But he has not been on an airplane.
And he has never found travel more 　11　, he says. He knows that some people find this hard to 　12　, including many friends and family members. They decide Mr Hanson’s approach is 　13　.
Go more 　14　, and travel begins to return to what it once was: a slow change of one place to another, a sense of space, an unwinding of time.
“Once you’ve tasted this way of 　15　, you understand what it’s all about,” he says.
(　B　)1. A. pulled B. stopped
C. stayed　 D. played
(　C　)2. A. judge B. consider
C. calculate D. reduce
(　D　)3. A. performance B. research
C. experiment D. math
(　A　)4. A. accounted for B. called for
C. figured out　 D. turned out
(　B　)5. A. listed　 B. combined
C. separated　 D. bought
(　A　)6. A. shocked B. embarrassed
C. entertained D. bored
(　A　)7. A. explain　 B. make　
C. refuse　 D. manage
(　D　)8. A. pleasure B. waste
C. money D. pollution
(　C　)9. A. driving　 B. heating
C. flying　　 D. lighting
(　B　)10. A. incidents B. stories
C. disasters　 D. conditions
(　A　)11. A. joyful　 B. dangerous
C. upset　 D. expensive
(　B　)12. A. tell B. believe
C. prove　 D. describe
(　D　)13. A. delightful B. inflexible
C. effective D. unreasonable
(　C　)14. A. carefully B. wildly
C. slowly D. actively
(　D　)15. A. cooking B. resting
C. relaxing D. travelling
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jack Hanson在了解飞机运行既高污染又高耗能以后,决定不再坐飞机旅行。
1. B　【解析】 考查动词。句意:在哥本哈根结束一学期的学习,他从丹麦起飞,在冰岛停留,最后降落在纽约。
2. C　【解析】 考查动词。句意:但下个学期,他的一位教授要求学生计算他们个人的能源使用情况。
3. D　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文可知,某位教授要求学生计算他们个人的能源使用情况,所以这里是“计算”,do the math意为“计算”。
4. A　【解析】 考查动词短语。句意:Hanson计算后发现,仅国际航班一段航程在能源消耗量和温室气体排放量上的占比,就超过了当年所有其他活动的总和——开车、取暖、照明、吃饭以及其他一切活动。account for意为“(数量上、比例上)占”。
5. B　【解析】 考查动词。句意同上题。下文中的“the driving and heating and lighting and eating and everything else”指其他活动的总和。
6. A　【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“It really is an extreme…an extreme amount of 　8　.”可知,他对结果十分吃惊。
7. A　【解析】 考查动词。根据上下文语境可知,此处表示Hanson对结果感到十分吃惊,他无法解释为什么数量如此之大。
8. D　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“more energy, and more greenhouse gas emissions”可知,飞机运行带来的污染和能耗很大。
9. C　【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“he has travelled by train and bike and car”和“But he has not been on an airplane.”可知,他不再坐飞机。
10. B　【解析】 考查名词。句意:从那以后,他便一直选择火车、自行车和汽车旅行,甚至写了一首歌,讲述自己通宵乘公共汽车回芝加哥的种种故事。
11. A　【解析】 考查形容词。句意:他说,他从未发现旅行如此快乐。
12. B　【解析】 考查动词。句意:他知道有些人很难相信,包括他的许多朋友和家人。
13. D　【解析】 考查形容词。句意:他们认为Hanson先生的做法是不合理的。根据上文可知,他的朋友和家人难以相信Hanson的做法,故认为他的做法不合理。
14. C　【解析】 考查副词。句意:走得慢一点,旅行就会开始回到它曾经的样子:是从一个地方慢慢地到另一个地方,是空间的具体感受,是时间的舒缓流淌。根据上文可知,Hanson放弃快捷的飞机旅程,选择相对慢一点但是更环保的火车或者自行车,这也让生活慢了下来。
15. D　【解析】 考查动名词。句意:他说:“一旦你尝试过这种旅行方式,你就会明白它是怎么回事。”
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their dining commons: the “Diet for a Cooler Planet” menu. This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach. It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm’s field post-harvest. The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and had little to no packaging.
“We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food,” says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining. The university is not alone in this effort. Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change. For many, small choices at the grocery store, dining hall, and restaurant can feel more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car or installing home solar panels.
Small changes in dietary habits may make a big difference. Climate activists often target fossil fuels and transportation systems, but studies point to the food system as a significant contributor to global warming. According to Project Drawdown, a research organisation that evaluates climate solutions, the way food is grown, transported, and consumed accounts for about a quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. Beef is a regular target. “If, on average, Americans cut a quarter pound of beef per week from their diet, it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year,” says Sujatha Bergen, director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council. Food waste ranks third among climate solutions. While much waste occurs before consumers are involved—food left on the field or “chucked” because it does not fit appearance standards, Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased: about $1,600 worth a year per family of four.
“People are beginning to understand that their food choices make a big impact on climate,” says Megan Larmer, director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York. But, she cautions substantial change will need to come from the whole food system.
(　D　)1. What is the purpose of the new menu at the University of Massachusetts
A. To market the cold dishes.
B. To reduce the cost of packaging.
C. To popularise the plant-heavy diet.
D. To promote low carbon awareness.
(　B　)2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A. Food is a decisive factor for climate change.
B. Food choices matter much to global warming.
C. Universities are working together in climate action.
D. Fuel-efficient cars are not affordable for consumers.
(　A　)3. What does Sujatha Bergen say about beef
A. It has great influence on carbon reduction.
B. It is popular among millions of car drivers.
C. It has a close relationship with gas emission.
D. It plays a significant role in American’s diet.
(　D　)4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Food System Reform: A Successful Trial　
B. Global Warming: An Approaching Danger　
C. Carbon Emission: A Killer, or Healer
D. Low Carbon Diet: A Craze, or More
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对气候变化做出贡献。
1. D　【解析】 推理判断题。第一段提到马萨诸塞大学的学生们在食堂里发现了一份新菜单,再根据第二段中的“We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food”可知,马萨诸塞大学推出新菜单的目的是让学生参与气候行动,提高学生的低碳生活意识。
2. B　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices factor into climate change…small choices at the grocery store, dining hall, and restaurant can feel more accessible…”可知,食物选择会影响气候变化,比起节能汽车等昂贵的物品来说,食物选择是人们更容易做到的。由此可推知,食物选择对全球变暖意义重大。
3. A　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If, on average, Americans cut a quarter pound of beef per week from their diet, it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year”可推知,Sujatha Bergen认为牛肉对减少碳排放量有很大的影响。
4. D　【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,食物系统是全球变暖的一个重要原因,所以饮食习惯的微小改变可能会带来很大的不同,人们对食物的选择对气候有很大的影响。D项“Low Carbon Diet: A Craze, or More ”意为“低碳饮食:跟风热潮,还是另有深意 ”,适合做文章标题。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P25]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The pollution caused by cars leads to s　mog　 and acid rain.
2. New roads are being built to cope with the increased v　olume　 of traffic.
3. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional g　arbage　 as a whole.
4. Financial management is key in any company or e　nterprise　.
5. 　Conservation　 (conserve) programmes cannot function without local support.
6. I gave the radio a thorough 　inspection　 (inspect) before buying it.
7. Be sure to fasten the seat belt, or you are bound to 　be fined　 (fine).
8. Abraham Lincoln 　campaigned　 (campaign) for the abolition of slavery and he succeeded at last.
9. He is fluent in a d　ozen　 foreign languages, such as French, Spanish and Chinese.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
原句:Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
1. 她离开了房间,所有的灯还亮着。
She left the room 　with all the lights on　.
2. 他走进黑暗的街道,手里拿着根棍子。
He walked into the dark street 　with a stick in his hand　.
3. 因为还有很多工作要做,他不被允许外出。
　With a lot of work to do　, he wasn’t allowed to go out.
4. 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。
　With the crowds cheering　, they drove to the palace.
5. 自行车被偷了,她只好步行回家。
She had to walk home 　with her bike stolen　.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Pollution’s serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.
The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity (生物多样性), improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimise human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.
(　D　)1. What can we know about green buildings
A. Producing no waste.
B. Only using clean energy.
C. Being made of new materials.
D. Being environment-friendly.
(　B　)2. What is a green building probably like according to Paragraph 5
A. Large. B. Small.
C. Green. D. Low.
(　D　)3. What is the purpose of using green roofs
A. To fit the environment.
B. To keep warm.
C. To collect nature water.
D. To reduce costs.
(　C　)4. What is the text mainly about
A. Promoting energy efficiency.
B. Environmental benefits.
C. Green buildings.
D. Ecosystems and biodiversity.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色建筑能够有效改善空气和水的质量，减少废物流入河流，使自然资源得到保护。
1. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity (生物多样性), improved air and water quality…” 可知，绿色建筑的环境效益包括保护生态系统和生物多样性、改善空气和水质等，即绿色建筑是环保的。
2. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的 “More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.” 可知，大型建筑物需要更多的能源和费用，因此绿色建筑最有可能是小型建筑。
3. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的 “Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.” 可知，屋顶绿化可以减少能源消耗和成本，故选择屋顶绿化是为了节省开支。
4. C　【解析】 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了绿色建筑能够有效改善空气和水的质量，减少废物流入河流，使自然资源得到保护。
Ⅳ. 阅读七选五
Plogging
Plogging is a new way to jog while cleaning up the planet. It’s a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the motivation behind it includes reducing the load of plastic litter in our environment, as well as keeping fit while running. 　1　 If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others, and care about removing litter from our environment, then this might just be the sport for you.
Make good preparations before plogging. Dress suitably for the environment in which you are running. This will vary depending on the weather and surroundings, but the basics are comfortable running clothes and closed-toe running shoes. Suitable gloves are a wise and useful addition, as picking up litter can be dangerous in some situations. 　2　 This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges.
Organise your plogging group. If you’re lucky enough to have ploggers already in your area, seek them out. Join up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check out such meeting groups at Meetup or ask at a local sports store to find out what opportunities exist where you live. If you don’t have a group, create one. Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers. 　3　
Collect safely. One key suggestion for staying safe while collecting litter is to avoid picking up broken glass or sharp items. If you must collect such an item, only do so when you can find a very safe way to collect it without harming yourself. If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it. 　4　 If an item of litter presents a potential safety risk, try to mark the item clearly to encourage people to avoid it.
　5　 It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care. You’re part of the growing movement of people who are giving back to the world at the same time as honouring self care, a sustainable and healthy way to balance your life. This could be a fantastic opportunity to show people that individual action makes a big difference.
A. Taking some photos during the process is also necessary.
B. You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.
C. Usually performed as part of a group run, it’s also a social exercise.
D. You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.
E. Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit.
F. If you find a natural area with litter problem, this might be a suitable place.
G. With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.
1. 　C　　2. 　D　　3. 　G　
4. 　B　　5. 　E　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章从三个方面提出了关于跑步捡垃圾的相关建议,并说明了跑步捡垃圾的好处。
1. C　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空后的“If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others…”可知,如果你喜欢户外运动,并且喜欢和他人一起运动的话,那么这项运动就很适合你。C项“这是一项社交运动,通常以组队跑步的形式进行”启示下文。
2. D　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格后的“This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter…”可知,此处在讲你需要一个便于携带、并且能装带锐利边角垃圾的垃圾袋。D项“你还需要一个便于携带的垃圾袋来装垃圾”符合语境。
3. G　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前的“Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place…to find fellow ploggers.”可知,此处是在讲述利用社交媒体等手段来寻找一起跑步捡垃圾的伙伴们。G项“通过一些宣传手段,你可能会找到感兴趣的人”是对上文的进一步描述,选项中的“some advertising effort”指代上文中的“social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs”。
4. B　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前的“If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it.”可知,此处主要讲述有害垃圾的处理方法,B项“你也可以向当地的官方部门寻求帮助”是处理有害垃圾的另一种方法。
5. E　【解析】 考查段落大意。本段主要讲述了跑步捡垃圾的益处, E项“跑步捡垃圾是一种能让人感受到动力的活动,因为它有不止一个益处”启示下文。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P27]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began learning about all the ways humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to heart in a way that set him apart from his schoolmates at his elementary school, P.S. 81, in the Bronx. “He told me we drove too much and made too much pollution,” his dad, Jonathan Cane, told Runner’s World. So Simon convinced his parents to start hanging their clothes to dry, taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other “green” measures.
“For much of kindergarten and first grade I rode my bike to Simon’s school with him on the back,” Jonathan said. “We had a lot of fun being outdoors. We’d stop to give our dog treats and generally enjoyed it.” As Simon got bigger, though, it wasn’t practical for him to ride on his father’s bike, but it also didn’t make sense to ride together—both because of safety concerns and because there was no place to put away Simon’s bike. So, most of the time they drove the 1.5 miles to school.
But in 2019, when Simon was going into third grade, he came up with a new way to help the planet: running the 1.5 miles to P.S. 81. And Jonathan promised his son he’d join him for as long as he wanted.
“We did a test run one day in August, and decided to give it a go. To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨眼) after it got really cold or rainy, but he never did,” Jonathan said. He recalled one day when the weather was particularly bad. “It’s really raining out there today,” he told Simon. And Simon said, “Well then we’re going to get wet!” He took pride in toughing it out, and it became a really fun family routine.
Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even inspired his mum, Nicole Sin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school”.
(　D　)1. What makes Simon different from his classmates
A. Washing his clothes by himself.
B. Taking many classes after school.
C. Raising strange questions in class.
D. Taking green measures to protect the environment.
(　A　)2. How did Simon usually go to school in second grade
A. By car.
B. By cycling.
C. By running.
D. By school bus.
(　C　)3. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A. Simon has trouble with his eyesight.
B. Simon is really stubborn and inflexible.
C. Simon is much tougher than expected.
D. Simon didn’t get support from his father.
(　B　)4. What can be the best title for the text
A. The Best Way to Go to School
B. Father and Son Run for the Environment　
C. A Teenager Keeps Running to Inspire Father　
D. Three Inspiring Running Athletes to Protect the Environment
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述 Simon Cane为环保所作出的实际行动——和爸爸一起跑步上学。
1. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“…he began learning about all the ways humans have an impact on the environment…”可知,Simon Cane二年级时就开始采取一些“环保”措施,这使他与其他同学们有所不同。
2. A　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段末尾的“So, most of the time they drove the 1.5 miles to school.”可知,二年级时 Simon Cane主要是坐车去上学。
3. C　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨眼) after it got really cold or rainy, but he never did…”可知,Jonathan 认为天冷了或下雨时Simon就会犹豫是否要跑步上学,但他从来没有犹豫过。由此可推知,Simon Cane比预料的要坚强。
4. B　【解析】 标题归纳题。阅读全文,尤其是根据最后一段“They soon became known as ‘the family that runs to school’.”可知,本文主要讲述 Simon Cane很重视环保,并且为环保作出了实际行动——和爸爸一起跑步去上学。B项“父子为环保而奔跑”适合做文章标题。
Ⅱ. 书面表达
环保类写作
文体感知
概念:环境污染已成为越来越受关注的社会问题,这类短文不仅反映了现实,也呼吁人们关注环境问题和增强环境保护意识。
内容安排:第一部分:提出问题(或现状);
第二部分:分析问题(形成的原因或导致的危害);
第三部分:提出建议或分析对策。
【素材】
请根据表格提示,写一篇关于环境问题以及如何保护环境的英语短文。
环境问题 大气污染、水污染、沙尘暴等。
原因 现代社会的迅速发展,人们对大自然的破坏。
结果 有害人类的健康,使一些动植物灭绝。
我的建议 ……
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 议论文
话题 环境问题以及如何保护环境
时态 以一般现在时为主
人称 以第三人称为主
【词汇】
1. 频繁地　　　　　 　frequently　
2. 对……造成危害　 　do harm to　
3. 灭绝 　die out　
4. 负责任的 　responsible　
5. 资源 　resource　
6. 越来越差 　worse and worse　
7. 有效的 　effective　
8. 采取措施 　take measures　
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)现在,出现了很多环境问题,如大气污染、水污染、沙尘暴。(there be句型)
　Nowadays, there are many environment problems, such as air pollution, water pollution and sandstorms　.
(2)一些动植物正因各种环境问题而灭绝。(主谓结构) 　
　Some animals and plants are dying out as a result of all kinds of environment problems　.
(3)人类应该对这些问题负责。(主系表结构)
　Humans should be responsible for these problems　.
(4)随着社会的发展,越来越多的车辆被生产,垃圾越来越多,更多的自然资源正在被利用。(被动语态)
　With the development of society, more cars and waste are produced and more natural resources are being used　.
(5)这些都使得我们的环境越来越糟。(主谓宾+宾语补足语结构)
　These have made our environment worse and worse　.
(6)只有这样我们才能拥有一个更好的环境。(主谓宾结构)
　We can have a better environment only in this way　.
2. 句式升级
(1)用强调句型改写第1小题中的句(3)。
　It is humans who should be responsible for these problems　.
(2)用非限制性定语从句合并第1小题中的句(4)、句(5)。
　With the development of society, more cars and waste are produced and more natural resources are being used, all of which have made our environment worse and worse　.
(3)用倒装句改写第1小题中的句(6)。
　Only in this way can we have a better environment　.
【妙笔成篇】
Nowadays, environment problems such as air pollution, water pollution and sandstorms frequently occur around us.
The polluted air and water do harm to people’s health. What’s more, many animals and plants are dying out as a result of all kinds of environment problems. It is humans who should be responsible for these problems. With the development of society, more cars and waste are produced and more natural resources are being used, all of which have made our environment worse and worse.
As far as I’m concerned, to protect the environment, the government must take more effective measures, making people fully realise the importance of environmental protection and those who destroy the environment should be severely punished. Only in this way can we have a better environment.
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P29]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.(mit结尾)+-ssion→n.
emit→　emission　 n.排放物;散发物;排放
submit→　submission　 n.屈服;排放;提交;呈递
【v.(mit结尾)+-ssion→n.拓展】
admit→　admission　 n.准许加入;承认
permit→　permission　 n.准许;许可;批准
transmit→　transmission　 n.传送;传递;传播
omit→　omission　 n.省略
2. v./n. +-able→adj.
habitat→　habitable　 adj.适合居住的
sustain→　sustainable　 adj.可持续的;合理利用的
【v./n.+-able→adj.拓展】
rely→　reliable　 adj.可信赖的;可靠的
renew→　renewable　 adj.可更新的;可再生的
replace→　replaceable　 adj.可替换的;可代替的
remark→　remarkable　 adj.显著的;引人注目的
value→　valuable　 adj.贵重的;很有用的
approach→　approachable　 adj.和蔼可亲的;可接近的
3. v.+-ive→adj.
comprehend→　comprehensive　 adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的
sense→　sensitive　 adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
【v.+-ive→adj.拓展】
conserve→　conservative　 adj.保守的;守旧的
attract →　attractive　 adj.有吸引力的
addict→　addictive　 adj.令人上瘾的
creat →　creative　 adj.有创造力的
4. v.(e结尾)+-ation→n.
starve→　starvation　 n.饥饿;挨饿;饿死
conserve→　conservation　 n.(对环境、文物等)保护;保持
【v.(e结尾)+-ation→n.拓展】
realise→　realisation　 n.实现
organise→　organisation　 n.组织
imagine→　imagination　 n.想象力;想象
inspire→　inspiration　 n.灵感;妙计
5. v.+-al→n.
dispose→　disposal　 n.去掉;清除;处理
approve→　approval　 n.赞成;同意;批准
【v.+-al→n.拓展】
arrive→　arrival　 n.到达
withdraw→　withdrawal　 n.撤走;收回;取回
survive→　survival　 n.幸存
propose→　proposal　 n.提议;建议
remove→　removal　 n.移动;去除
refuse→　refusal　 n.拒绝
6. turn+adv.→动词短语
turn off 　拐弯;关掉　
turn on 　打开;依靠　
【turn +adv.短语拓展】
turn up 　偶然出现;开大;调高(收音机、暖气等)　
turn down 　拒绝(某人或其请求、提议等);关小;调低　
turn around 　转身;扭转;(使)好转　
turn out 　结果是;关掉;熄灭(电灯、煤气等);生产;制造　
turn in 　上交;提交;退还　
turn over 　(使)翻转;移交　
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. A new TV programme 　will be broadcast　 (broadcast) this evening.
2. He wanted to wash his hands, only to find there was hardly any water in the b　asin　.
3. The government has given top priority to 　reforming　 (reform) the tax system.
4. Without trust, ordered societies would descend into c　haos　.
5. Nobody can imagine the consequences of total n　uclear　 war.
6. The lion is the king of the j　ungle　, which is known even by children.
7. How do you measure the v　olume　 of a gas
8. Some rules or regulations for foreign-invested companies are not applicable to state-owned e　nterprises　.
9. Since the end of the repair work, this beautiful old building has been r　estored　 to its former glory.
10. The test results 　were released　 (release) two months earlier than expected.
Ⅲ. 句型转换
1. He said, “I have left your book in the library.”
→He said that he 　had left my　 book in the library.
2. “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in my diary,” said Annie.
→Annie said that she 　didn’t　 want to set down a series of facts in 　her　 diary.
3. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said.
→He said that he 　had bought　 the house 10 years 　before　.
4. “Did you see her last week ” he said.
→He 　asked if/whether　 I had seen her the week 　before　.
5. He asked, “How did you find it, mother ”
→He asked his mother 　how she had　 found it.
6. “Where have you been these days ” he asked.
→He asked me 　where I had　 been 　those　 days.
7. “Do you know where she lives ” he asked.
→He asked 　if/whether I　 knew where she 　lived　.
8. “Stop making so much noise, children,” he said.
→He 　told　 the children 　to stop　making so much noise.
9. “Don’t tell him the news,” she said.
→She told me 　not to tell　 him the news.
10. “Are you interested in this ” he said.
→He 　asked if/whether　 I was interested in 　that　. 　
Ⅳ. 单元语法精练
1. The man asked me 　whether　 I could lend him some money or not.
2. Jane asked her father 　why　 he was late for the party that day.
3. His father told him not 　to leave　 (leave) the door open.
4. The teacher said that light 　travels　 (travel) faster than sound.
5. She told me that the meeting 　would be held　 (hold) in her office in half an hour.
6. The woman told us that she 　had been　 (be) to many countries already.
7. The boy said that when the teacher came in, he 　was reading　 (read) a novel.
8. The mayor told the villagers that a new school 　would be built　 (build) here the next year.
9. He told us that he 　went　 (go) to college in 1994.
10. The captain ordered all the soldiers 　to stay　 (stay) in the building.
11. Tony said that our train 　would arrive　 (arrive) in five minutes.
12. Mr Jonathan said that he 　had drawn　 (draw) the picture the week before.
13. She told me that she 　wanted　 (want) to decrease the amount of fat in her diet.
14. The candidate asked the manager 　to give　 (give) him five minutes for preparation.

展开更多......

收起↑