资源简介

Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P31]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The Labour Union had sought a w　age　 increase and a shorter work week for workers.
2. I couldn’t have gone through that b　itter　 period without your generous help.
3. The front part of the bus was destroyed and nine people a　board　 were killed on the spot.
4. Marianne got a couple of cups from the c　upboard　 and popped a teabag into each of them.
5. Mr Smith, manager of the department, decided to a　ssign　 the important task to whoever had a strong sense of responsibility.
6. He e　nvied　 her—she seemed to have everything she could possibly want.
7. Supposing this ship were to s　ink　, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers
8. The doctor urged people who smoke to a　bandon　 the habit.
9. He put a b　lanket　 over the sleeping child.
10. If war could be abolished, armies and n　avies　 would be unnecessary.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
1. 原句:…Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
【句型转换】
(1)He happened to be going that way too.
→　It happened that　 he was going that way too.
(2)It happened that he had read the novel when his classmates talked about the hero in it.
→He happened 　to have read the novel　 when his classmates talked about the hero in it.
2. 原句:Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all.
【一句多译】
他有可能在竞赛中取得一等奖。
(1)　There’s a chance　 that he will win first prize in the contest.
(2)　Chances　 are 　that　 he will win first prize in the contest.
(3)　The chance　 is 　that　 he will win first prize in the contest.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself. And unless otherwise assigned a seat by the teacher, I always 　1　 to sit at the back of the classroom.
All this 　2　 after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. At first I thought it was a crazy 　3　 because I didn’t have a good sense of balance, nor did I have the 　4　 to keep up with the others in the team and they would laugh at me. But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “　5　 for it”, I wouldn’t have decided to give a try.
Getting up the courage to go to the tryouts was only the 　6　 of it! When I first started 　7　 the practice lessons, I didn’t even know the rules of the game, much 　8　 what I was doing. Sometimes I’d get 　9　 and take a shot in the wrong direction—which made me feel really stupid. Fortunately, I wasn’t the only one “new” at the game, so I decided to 　10　 learning the game, do my best at each practice lesson, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn’t 　11　 “just yet”.
I practised and practised. Soon I knew the rules and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and motivating. Very soon the competitive 　12　 in me was winning over my lack of confidence. With time, I learnt how to play and made friends in the 　13　. I never had so much fun!
With my 　14　 self-confidence, comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from “　15　” at the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, to raising my hand—even when I sometimes wasn’t 100 percent sure I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence.
(　D　)1. A. hoped　 B. agreed
C. meant　 D. chose
(　B　)2. A. continued B. changed
C. settled D. started
(　B　)3. A. plan B. idea
C. belief　 D. saying
(　C　)4. A. right B. chance
C. ability　　 D. patience
(　A　)5. A. going B. looking
C. cheering D. making
(　B　)6. A. point B. half
C. rest D. basis
(　C　)7. A. enjoying B. preparing
C. attending D. watching
(　A　)8. A. less B. later
C. worse　　 D. further
(　D　)9. A. frightened B. motivated　
C. embarrassed　　 D. confused
(　A　)10. A. focus on B. act as
C. give off D. try out
(　D　)11. A. want B. do
C. support D. know
(　B　)12. A. role B. part
C. mind　 D. value
(　A　)13. A. process B. operation
C. movement D. situation
(　B　)14. A. expressed B. improved
C. preserved D. recognised
(　D　)15. A. dreaming B. playing
C. relaxing D. hiding
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个非常内向且缺乏自信的孩子,但因为老师鼓励作者参加篮球队,在不断练习和提升中,作者变得更自信。
1. D　【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself.”可知,作者之前讨厌在课堂上被点名,所以作者应该会选择坐在教室后面的位置。
2. B　【解析】 考查动词。句意:在我加入一个运动队后,这一切都改变了。根据下文可知,文章描述了作者在加入篮球队之后如何作出改变,成为一个对自己更有信心的人。
3. B　【解析】 考查名词。句意:起初我认为这是一个疯狂的想法,因为我平衡感不好,也没有能力跟上团队中其他人的步伐,他们会取笑我。
4. C　【解析】 考查名词。句意同上题。根据下文中的“to keep up with the others in the team”可知,在篮球队中跟上队里其他人的步伐是一种能力的体现。
5. A　【解析】 考查动词。句意:如果不是那个一直坚持让我“放手去做”的老师,我不会决定试一试。go for sth意为“努力争取某事物;努力去实现某事物”。
6. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“I didn’t even know the rules of the game, much 　8　 what I was doing.”可知,作者面对重重困难,鼓起勇气参加只是开始,而开始去做是做成某事的一半。
7. C　【解析】 考查动词。句意:当我第一次开始参加训练时,我甚至不知道游戏规则,更不用说知道自己在做什么了。
8. A　【解析】 考查副词。句意同上题。much less意为“更不必说”。
9. D　【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格后的“take a shot in the wrong direction”可知,作者对篮球一无所知,朝错误的方向投篮,所以作者应该是很糊涂的。
10. A　【解析】 考查动词短语。根据下文中的“do my best at each practice lesson”可知,作者尽自己最大的努力且全神贯注地学习。
11. D　【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“I didn’t even know the rules of the game”可知,作者以前不知道规则,现在通过学习和练习有所了解,属于词汇复现。
12. B　【解析】 考查名词。句意:很快,我内心渴望竞争的一面就战胜了我缺乏自信的一面。
13. A　【解析】 考查名词。句意:随着时间的推移,我学会了如何打球,并在这个过程中结交了朋友。
14. B　【解析】 考查形容词。句意:随着我自信心的提高,老师和同学对我的表扬也越来越多。根据文章内容可知,作者在篮球队练习之后,自信心逐渐提高。
15. D　【解析】 考查动词。根据第一段中的“I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself.”可知,为了不引起别人的注意,作者从前“躲”在教室后面。
Ⅳ. 语法填空
Jane Eyre (《简·爱》) is a timeless classic that attracts readers with its powerful storytelling and unforgettable characters. 　1　 (write) by Charlotte Bronte, this novel follows the journey of Jane Eyre, a poor young woman who overcomes adversity 　2　 (find) love and independence.
The novel is a masterpiece of Victorian literature, exploring themes of love, morality, and social class. Jane Eyre’s strong sense of self-worth and independence makes her attractive, while her love for Mr. Rochester adds depth 　3　 the story.
Bronte’s writing style is 　4　 (elegance) and interesting, drawing readers into Jane’s world and engaging them in the richly detailed settings of Thornfield Hall and Yorkshire. The novel’s atmospheric descriptions and vivid imagery bring the story to life, 　5　 (create) an absorbing reading experience.
One of the most memorable aspects of Jane Eyre is its 　6　 (explore) of complex inner struggles of 　7　 (it) characters. From Jane’s internal conflicts to Mr. Rochester’s troubled past, the novel explores the depths of human emotion with sensitivity.
Overall, Jane Eyre is an everlasting masterpiece 　8　 continues to attract readers of all ages. Its powerful themes, memorable characters, and engaging storytelling make it 　9　 must-read for anyone seeking an unforgettable novel. So far, Jane Eyre 　10　 (leave) a lasting legacy (遗产), inspiring numerous adaptations in film, television, and theater. Its timeless themes continue to attract audiences of all ages, making it a beloved classic for generations to come.
1. 　Written 2. 　to find　
3. 　to 4. 　elegant　
5. 　creating 6. 　exploration　
7. 　its 8. 　that/which　
9. 　a 10. 　has left　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《简·爱》这本书。
1. Written　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句子中已有谓语动词follows,空处需要填入非谓语动词,逻辑主语this novel与动词write之间为动宾关系,应用过去分词形式作状语,且位于句首,首字母应大写。
2. to find　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,定语从句中已有谓语动词overcomes,因此空处需要填入非谓语动词,此处表目的,应用动词不定式形式。
3. to　【解析】 考查介词。add…to…为固定短语,意为“增加”,此处表示增添了深度。
4. elegant　【解析】 考查词性转换。句意:勃朗特的写作风格优雅而有趣,将读者带入简的世界,并让他们沉浸在桑菲尔德庄园和约克郡的丰富细节中。空处位于be动词之后,应用形容词形式作表语;elegance的形容词为elegant,意为“优雅的”。
5. creating　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句子中已有谓语动词bring,因此需要填入非谓语动词,逻辑主语atmospheric descriptions and vivid imagery与create之间为主动关系,空处应用现在分词形式作结果状语。
6. exploration　【解析】 考查词性转换。空处位于形容词性物主代词之后,应用名词形式,explore的名词为exploration意为“探索”,为不可数名词。
7. its　【解析】 考查代词。空处位于名词之前,应用形容词性物主代词its。
8. that/which　【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处为定语从句的关系词,且在从句中作主语,先行词为an everlasting masterpiece,表示事物,应用that或者which引导从句。
9. a　【解析】 考查冠词。空处位于单数可数名词之前,故需要填入冠词,且表示泛指,应用不定冠词。
10. has left　【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处需要填入谓语动词,句子状语为so far,应使用现在完成时,句子主语为Jane Eyre,为单数,助动词应用has。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P33]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The rainy season began. And everything in the flat was d　amp　.
2. He had made a t　horough　 investigation. No wonder he knew so much about it.
3. The room was small and contained far too much f　urniture　.
4. It is extremely c　ruel　 to perform an experiment on live animals.
5. The dog suddenly started b　arking　 at us.
6. The film combined education with 　recreation　 (消遣).
7. Activities all take place under the 　guidance　 (guide) of an experienced tutor.
8. This company takes account of 　corporate　 (法人的) image wherever possible.
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands that became his second 　1　. He learnt the value and beauty of 　2　 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 　3　 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　4　 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 　5　, the number of snakes had declined as well. He 　6　 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 　7　. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　8　 during the daytime. He turned to the 　9　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 　10　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
　11　 young plants in the dry season was 　12　 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 　13　 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. The water would then drip (滴下) on the plants below.
Molai 　14　 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have 　15　 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
(　C　)1. A. dream B. job
C. home D. choice
(　A　)2. A. nature B. youth
C. culture D. knowledge
(　C　)3. A. precious B. interesting
C. disturbing D. awkward
(　D　)4. A. waste B. tension
C. pain D. damage
(　A　)5. A. Besides B. However
C. Therefore D. Otherwise
(　B　)6. A. agreed B. realised
C. remembered D. predicted
(　B　)7. A. noise B. heat
C. disease D. dust
(　D　)8. A. directions B. partners
C. help D. shelter
(　C　)9. A. labor B. police
C. forest　 D. land
(　B　)10. A. rebuilt　 B. discovered
C. left D. managed
(　C　)11. A. Decorating B. Observing
C. Watering D. Guarding
(　A　)12. A. tough B. illegal
C. fantastic D. beneficial
(　B　)13. A. back B. top
C. foot D. side
(　D　)14. A. returned B. learnt
C. failed　 D. continued
(　A　)15. A. resulted in　 B. agreed on
C. consisted of　 D. belonged to
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄里长大,他懂得自然的魅力。因此,当洪水给这个地区带来损害时,在别无他法的情况下,他坚持了三十几年,种植了大量的树,使1,360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
1. C　【解析】 考查名词。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近,那里成了他的第二个家。根据空格前的second可知,他出生的村庄是他的家,村庄附近的一些湿地是他的第二个“家”。
2. A　【解析】 考查名词。句意:从小他就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。根据上文可知,湿地展现的是属于大自然的价值和美。
3. C　【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“had driven away a number of birds. 　5　, the number of snakes had declined as well”可知,洪水侵袭导致很多鸟儿离开、蛇的数量减少,这些情况都不正常,令人不安。
4. D　【解析】 考查名词。句意:那年早些时候,一场洪水侵袭了这个地区,洪水造成的破坏使很多鸟类逃离了这里。
5. A　【解析】 考查副词。句意:此外,蛇的数量也减少了。根据下文中的“as well”可知,洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开,而且导致蛇的数量减少。
6. B　【解析】 考查动词。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受高温侵害。
7. B　【解析】 考查名词。句意同上题。根据常识可知,树木可以提供荫凉的地方,从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受高温侵害。
8. D　【解析】 考查名词。句意:当然,解决的办法是种树,这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。根据常识可知,种植树木可以给动物们提供遮蔽。
9. C　【解析】 考查名词。句意:他向森林部门求助,但被告知那里什么也长不出来。根据上文可知,解决的办法是种树,所以Molai应该向森林部门求助。
10. B　【解析】 考查动词。句意:然而,Molai自己四处寻找,在附近发现了一座岛屿,他开始在那里种树。
11. C　【解析】 考查动词。根据下文内容可知,Molai想尽办法收集水,所以此处是指Molai在旱季给树浇水。
12. A　【解析】 考查形容词。句意:对一个男孩来说,在旱季一个人给幼苗浇水是很困难的。根据常识可知,在旱季找到水源给树浇水是一件困难的事情。
13. B　【解析】 考查名词。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。根据下文中的“The water would then drip (滴下) on the plants below.”可知,水会滴在下面的植物上。由此推知,竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的顶端。
14. D　【解析】 考查动词。句意:在接下来的37年里,Molai继续种树。
15. A　【解析】 考查动词短语。句意:他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Shipwrecked Prayers
A voyaging ship was wrecked during a storm at sea and only two of the men aboard were able to swim to a small, desert-like island. Not knowing what else to do, the two survivors agreed that they had no alternative but to pray.
However, to find out whose prayers were more powerful, they agreed to divide the territory between them and stay on opposite sides of the island.
The first thing they prayed for was food. The next morning, the first man saw a fruit-bearing tree on his side of the island, and he was able to eat its fruit. But the other man’s parcel of land remained barren.
After a week, the first man became lonely and decided to pray for a wife. The next day, another ship was wrecked and the only survivor was a woman who swam to his side of the island. But on the other side of the island, there was nothing.
Soon thereafter the first man prayed for a house, clothes and more food. The next day, like magic, all of these things were given to him. However, the second man still had nothing.
Finally, the first man prayed for a ship so that he and his wife could leave the island, and in the morning he found a ship docked at his side of the island.
The first man boarded the ship with his wife and decided to leave the second man on the island, considering the other man unworthy to receive the blessings since none of his prayers had been answered.
As the ship was about to leave, the first man heard a voice booming, “Why are you leaving your companion on the island ”
“My blessings are mine alone since I was the one who prayed for them,” the first man answered. “His prayers were all unanswered and so he doesn’t deserve anything.”
“You are mistaken!” the voice rebuked him. “He had only one prayer, which I answered. If not for that, you would not have received any of my blessings.”
“Tell me,” the first man asked the voice, “what did he pray for that I should owe him anything ”
“He prayed that all your prayers would be answered.”
For all we know, our blessings are not the fruits of our prayers alone, but those of another praying for us. So what you do for others is more important than what you do for yourself.
(　C　)1. The first man’s wife is 　　　.
A. a swimmer who got to the island by accident
B. an angel who came here to keep him company
C. a survivor from another wrecked ship
D. a native person on the desert-like island
(　B　)2. The underlined word “barren” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to 　　　.
A. isolated B. unproductive
C. fertile D. dry
(　D　)3. Which of the following is TRUE about the second man
A. He didn’t deserve any blessing.
B. None of his prayers was answered.
C. He is not brave enough to talk about his needs.
D. His prayer helped his companion get out of trouble.
(　C　)4. What’s the moral of the story
A. Never judge a person by appearance.
B. Don’t lose heart in trouble.
C. Helping others is helping ourselves.
D. Greed is the root of all evil.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在荒岛上,一个善良的人为别人祈祷的寓言故事。这个故事告诉我们:利他比利己更重要
1. C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,第二天,另一艘船失事了,唯一幸存的是一个女人。她游到了第一个男人那一边的岛上。由此可知,第一个男人的妻子是从另外一艘遇险的船上幸存下来的。
2. B　【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,他们祈祷的第一件东西就是食物。第二天早上,第一个人就看见他这边的岛上有了一棵果子树,他可以吃果子充饥了。结合转折连词but可推知,第二个人的那边与第一个人的情况应当是相反的。也就是说他那边什么也没有。故可知画线词的意思为“荒芜的;不结果实的”。
3. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第十二段中的 “He prayed that all your prayers would be answered.”可知,第二个人祈祷的就是第一个人的愿望都实现。正是他的祈祷让第一个人实现了一切愿望,帮他走出了困境。
4. C　【解析】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容可知,我们都知道,我们得到的祝福不仅仅是我们祈祷的结果,也是别人为我们祈祷的结果,所以你为别人做什么比你为自己做什么更重要。由此可知,本文的寓意是帮助他人就是帮助我们自己。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P35]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Their new electronic 　navigator　 (navigate) misled them down the wrong road.
2. I was deeply impressed by the energy and one hundred percent 　commitment　 (commit) shown by the players to work.
3. After a long and trying investigation, the police have excluded robbery as a
　motive　 (motivation) for the murder.
4. Have you ever heard such stories about those 　loyal　 (loyalty) dogs as are described in this book
5. He pushed her 　roughly　 (rough) out of the door.
6. He is slow to learn, but shows great 　perseverance　 (persevere).
7. She has a lot of working experience. Therefore, we consider her the best
c　andidate　 for the job.
8. One of the funniest e　pisodes　 in the book occurs in Chapter 6.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
1. 原句: What if they were delayed
[用what结构完成句子]
(1)如果这个不行怎么办
　What if　 this doesn’t work out
(2)你把车卖掉了 为什么
You sold your car 　What for　
2. 原句:There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
[用nothing短语完成句子]
(1)公路对面只有树林。
There’s 　nothing but　 woods on the other side of the highway.
(2)他们免费给我们送旧书。
They sent us used books 　for nothing　.
3. 原句:As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could.
我将把这本词典给英语竞赛中获一等奖的人。
I will give the dictionary to 　whoever wins first prize　 in the English contest.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Sacagawea was born in 1787 in an area near the Rocky Mountains that is now part of Idaho. She was part of the Shoshone tribe where her father was the chief.
When Sacagawea was 12, her tribe was attacked by the Hidatsa tribe. Sacagawea was taken to North Dakota to live with the Hidatsa. A few years later, she was sold into slavery and forced to marry Toussaint Charbonneau, a French-Canadian fur trapper.
In 1804, Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark arrived in the area looking for guides. They were sent by President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase and the lands to the west.
Lewis and Clark hired Toussaint Charbonneau and asked him to bring along Sacagawea so she could interpret when they reached the Shoshone tribe.
Sacagawea was able to help out with much more than interpreting. She showed the men how to collect edible roots and other plants. She also helped to save important supplies and maps when her boat capsized (翻) in the river during a squall. The men were impressed with her quick action and named the river after her.
The journey across the western lands wasn’t easy. Everyone was often hungry and cold. It was especially hard for Sacagawea who had her infant son to carry and feed.
Clark wrote in his journal that Sacagawea was one of the most valuable members of the group. She spoke both Shoshone and Hidatsa and was able to keep things peaceful when the group met up with the Native Americans.
Sacagawea was the only woman on the expedition. Unlike the men, Sacagawea did not receive any payment for her part in the journey, despite her important role in helping the group return safely.
Not much is known of Sacagawea’s life after the expedition ended in 1806. Some think that she died a few years later and others say that she returned home to the Shoshone and lived for another seventy years.
(　D　)1. The underlined word “interpret” in Paragraph 4 has the closest meaning to the one in sentence “　　　.”
A. He interpreted the role with a lot of humour, gaining a lot of applause
B. The students were asked to interpret the poem
C. The data can be interpreted in many different ways
D. She couldn’t speak much English so her children had to interpret for her
(　B　)2. Sacagawea experienced the following things EXCEPT “ 　　　.”
A. She was sold into slavery and forced to marry a fur trapper
B. She was sent by President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase
C. She had to feed her infant son during the expedition
D. She played an important part in helping the men return safely
(　A　)3. What kind of person do you think of Sacagawea according to the passage
A. Learnt and flexible.
B. Stubborn and determined.
C. Generous and responsible.
D. Rebellious and powerful.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Sacagawea的传奇人生。她既有学问又懂得变通,是探险队中唯一的女性。
1. D　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段画线词前面部分可知,Lewis和Clark雇用了Charbonneau,请他带Sacagawea一起去,以便当他们到达肖肖尼部落时,Sacagawea可以翻译。根据上下文可知,只有D项“她不会说多少英语,所以她的孩子们得给她当翻译”符合interpret的含义。
2. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段后半部分可知,几年后,她被卖为奴隶,被迫嫁给Charbonneau,一个法裔加拿大毛皮猎人;根据第六段最后一句可知,Sacagawea在旅程期间还要喂养幼儿;根据第八段内容可知,她在帮助该组织安全返回的过程中发挥了重要作用。A、C和D项都符合文章内容。
3. A　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第七段最后一句话可知,她既会说肖肖尼语,也会说希达察语,当他们与印第安人会面时,她能不让事情出现骚乱;根据第八段中的 “despite her important role in helping the group return safely”可知,她在帮助该组织安全返回方面发挥了重要作用。综上,Sacagawea既拥有知识,又能灵活处理一些重要问题。
Ⅳ. 阅读七选五
How to Develop Courage by
Overcoming Daily Fears
At times, when it comes to courage, we tend to believe it only applies to rare and uncommon situations. Yet our ordinary lives can also be full of courage, even if we are not facing the end of a gun, a wild animal or a dangerous criminal. Courage doesn’t just mean doing heroic acts. 　1　 In fact, where there is fear on a daily basis, there are opportunities for you to show your courage. Here are some suggestions to develop courage by overcoming daily fears.
Recognise your fears.
By realising that you’re fearful, you are more likely to get to the bottom of what your fear is. 　2　 You might come to understand that you’re afraid of failing or taking chances. You may be fearful simply because you don’t have confidence in yourself. The key is not to dwell on your fear, but rather to understand what it is that you’re worried about.
Ask yourself what is the worst that can happen.
If you hesitate to take action, ask yourself this: what’s the worst that can happen Then prepare to accept it. Then go on to improve on the worst. Is failure the worst thing that can happen No, absolutely not. 　3　 Doing nothing is actually the worst thing that can happen. When you take no action, you are assured of getting nowhere.
Take action.
　4　 You cannot think courage comes just in one day. You need to act to overcome your fear. Your action may put you into discomfort, but you have to just do it. And your action can prevent you from being stuck.
　5　
To build up your confidence, you need to do the same thing over and over again. Soon you will discover that less courage is needed because you have already gained mastery. You are able to move decisively forward.
A. Share your fears with others.
B. Practise, practise and practise.
C. So you are already in a comfort zone.
D. Courage comes from taking action.
E. Each undesired result is just one more step towards your goal.
F. Finding out what is truly holding you back.
G. You needn’t wait for an emergency to occur to develop courage.
1. 　G　　2. 　F　　3. 　E　
4. 　D　　5. 　B　
语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。人们在日常生活中每天都会产生恐惧,但同时恐惧也会激发勇气,文章提出了一些培养勇气的建议。
1. G　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前的内容可知,在日常生活中的勇气并不仅仅是指面对危险时所做出的英雄行为。那么此空应当讲的是即使不是在危急时期,我们依然也需要勇气。G项符合语境。
2. F　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前的内容可知,我们需要意识到自己到底在怕什么;而空格后却又在说“你可能明白了自己害怕失败或冒险”。那么该空应当说的就是要搞清楚真正阻碍自己前进的因素。F项承接上下文。
3. E　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前的内容可知,失败并不是最坏的事情;而空格后的内容告诉我们,无所事事才是最糟糕的。那么该空应当讲的是失败之中所孕育的意料之外的结果可能存在的意义。E项承接上下文。
4. D　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据本段小标题可知,此段是在告诉我们要从自己的行动中获得勇气。D项中也提到了 “taking action”,符合语境。
5. B　【解析】 考查段落大意。根据下文“To build up your confidence, you need to do the same thing over and over again.”可知,此段是在告诉我们,要重视练习,只有这样才能增强信心、减少恐惧。B项能够很好地概括本段内容。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P37]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Joseph Francis Charles Rock (1884—1962) was an Austrian-American explorer, botanist, and anthropologist (人类学家). For more than 25 years, he travelled extensively through Tibet and Yunnan, Gansu, and Sichuan provinces in China before finally leaving in 1949.
In 1924, Harvard sent Joseph Francis Rock on a treasure hunt through China’s southwestern provinces—the Wild West of their day. But gold and silver weren’t his task: Rock, a distinguished botanist, sought only to fill his bags with all the seeds, saplings, and shrubs he could find. During his three-year expedition, he collected 20,000 specimens for the Arnold Arboretum (阿诺德植物园).
Botany, though, was just one of Rock’s strengths. As an ethnologist (民族学者), he took hundreds of photographs of the Naxi, a tribe in Yunnan Province, recording their now-lost way of life for both Harvard and National Geographic, and took notes for an eventual 500-page dictionary of their language. His hand-drawn map of his travels through China’s “Cho-Ni” territory, in the Harvard Map Collection, included more than a thousand rivers, towns, and mountains indicated in both English and Chinese, and was so well made that the US government used it to plan aerial missions in World War Ⅱ.
Scientist, linguist, cartographer, photographer, writer—Rock was not a wallflower in any sense. Arrogant and self-possessed, he would walk into a village or warlord’s place “as if he owned the place”, said Lisa Pearson, the Arboretum’s head librarian.
In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flowers, in the Far Reaches of the World”, the Boston Evening Transcript ran a large photo of the daring explorer wearing a woolly coat and fox-skin hat. “In discussing his heroism including hair-raising escapes from death either from mountain slides, snow slides and robber armies, he waves the idea away as if it is of no importance.”
The Arboretum and Rock parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cost Harvard a fortune—about $900,000 in today’s dollars. Fortunately, many of his specimens, many of his amazing photos, and his great stories remain.
(　D　)1. What is the passage mainly about
A. Rock’s service for the US government.
B. Rock’s cooperation with Harvard.
C. Rock’s work as a botanist.
D. Rock’s exploration in southwest China.
(　B　)2. What contribution did Rock make to the US government besides collecting new plants and specimens
A. He travelled through some uncivilised places in China.
B. His hand-drawn map was used in World War Ⅱ.
C. He showed heroism by escaping difficulties.
D. He made headlines in the Boston Evening Transcript.
(　C　)3. How did Rock respond when people mentioned his heroic deeds
A. Excitedly. B. Proudly.
C. Calmly. D. Nervously.
(　A　)4. What caused Rock to stop work for The Arboretum
A. The vast expense.
B. The dangerous journey.
C. The challenging tasks.
D. The unknown world.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了奥地利裔美国植物学家、人类学家、探险家Rock 对中国西南地区的探险。
1. D　【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句可知,在超过25年的时间里,他游历了中国的西藏、云南、甘肃和四川,最后在1949年离开。因此本文主要讲的是Rock 对中国西南地区的探险。
2. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,在哈佛大学收藏的地图中,有一张他手绘的中国卓尼县的旅行地图,其中有上千条河流、城镇和山脉,用中英文标注。这张地图制作得非常好,以至于美国政府在第二次世界大战中使用它来计划空中任务。由此可知,除了收集新的植物和标本外,Rock 对美国的贡献还有他的手绘地图在二战中被使用。
3. C　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “he waves the idea away as if it is of no importance”可知,他对这个想法不屑一顾,好像它不重要似的。由此可推知,当人们提到他的英雄事迹时,Rock 的反应很平静。
4. A　【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “mainly because his trip cost Harvard a fortune—about $900,000 in today’s dollars”可知,因为他的旅行让哈佛花费了一大笔钱——按照如今的方式计算大约是90万美元。因此是巨大的开支致使Rock停止了植物园的工作。
Ⅱ. 书面表达
人物介绍写作
文体感知
概念:人物介绍写作,主要是对人物生平、主要事迹和贡献进行介绍,使读者对该人物有一个更为清晰和全面的了解。
内容安排:第一段:介绍人物出生的时间、地点;
第二段:介绍人物的主要经历、事迹或成就等;
第三段:对人物做出一定的评价。
【素材】
请你就下表所提供的信息用英语写一篇短文,简要介绍德国著名作曲家巴赫。
姓名 Johann Sebastian Bach 生卒年代 1685— 1750年
生平 1. 生于德国埃森纳赫市 (Eisenach) 的一个音乐世家。9岁丧母,10岁丧父; 2. 少年时期靠奖学金上学,1702年毕业,1703年成为一名小提琴手,此后创作了许多曲子; 3. 晚年双目失明仍坚持创作,1750年在莱比锡(Leipzig) 去世。
评价 伟大的作曲家,西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 写人的记叙文
话题 德国著名作曲家巴赫的生平
时态 以一般过去时为主
人称 以第三人称为主
【词汇】
1. 出生于……(家庭)　　 　be born into　
2. 奖学金 　scholarship　
3. 小提琴家 　violinist　
4. 作曲 　compose　
5. 不幸的是 　unfortunately　
6. 阻止某人做某事
　discourage sb from doing sth　
7. 坚持不懈做某事
　persevere in doing sth　
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)巴赫于1685年出生在德国埃森纳赫市的一个音乐世家。
Bach 　was born into　 a musical family in 1685 in Eisenach, Germany.
(2)他的童年非常不幸。
　He had an unhappy childhood　.
(3)他9岁丧母,10岁丧父。
　At the age of nine　, he lost his mother, and the next year his father died.
(4)少年时期靠奖学金上学,1702年毕业,1703年成为一名小提琴手。
When young, he 　went to school on a scholarship　, graduated in 1702, and in 1703, he became a violinist.
(5)此后创作了许多曲子。
And 　from then on　,he 　composed　 a lot of works.
(6)晚年双目失明仍坚持创作。
He 　lost his sight　 completely in his later life. But he 　kept on creating　.
(7)作为一名伟大的作曲家,巴赫是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。
As a great composer, Bach is 　one of the most important people in the history of Western culture　.
2. 句式升级
(1)用where引导的非限制性定语从句连接第1小题中的句(1)、句(2)。
　Johann Sebastian Bach was born into a musical family in 1685 in Eisenach,Germany, where he spent an unhappy childhood　.
(2)用after which引导的非限制性定语从句改写第1小题中的句(4)。
　When young, he went to school on a scholarship and graduated in 1702, after which, in 1703, he became a violinist　.
【妙笔成篇】
Johann Sebastian Bach was born into a musical family in 1685 in Eisenach, Germany, where he spent an unhappy childhood.
At the age of nine, he lost his mother, and the next year his father died. When young, he went to school on a scholarship and graduated in 1702, after which, in 1703, he became a violinist. And from then on, he composed a lot of works. Unfortunately, he lost his sight completely in his later life. However,this didn’t discourage him from working on music, and he still persevered in creating many works. Bach died in Leipzig in 1750.
As a great composer, Bach is considered to be one of the most important people in the history of Western culture.
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P39]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.+-ance→n.
endure→　endurance　 n.忍耐力;耐久力
persevere→　perseverance　 n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
guide→　guidance　 n.指导;引导;导航
【v.+-ance→n.拓展】
disturb→　disturbance　 n.(受)打扰;妨碍
appear→　appearance　 n.外貌;外观
annoy→　annoyance　 n.恼怒;令人生气的事物
perform→　performance　 n.表演;演出
2. v.+-ed→adj.(已……的;被……的)
qualify→　qualified　 adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
abandon→　abandoned　 adj.被离弃的;被遗弃的
commit→　committed　 adj.尽心尽力的;坚信的
【v.+-ed→adj.拓展】
desert→　deserted　 adj.空寂无人的;被抛弃的
devote→　devoted　 adj.挚爱的;忠诚的
determine→　determined　 adj.坚定的;坚决的
educate→　educated　 adj.受过良好教育(或训练)的
3. v.+-ment→n.(表示行为、状态)
assign→　assignment　 n.(分派的)工作;任务
commit→　commitment　 n.承诺;保证;奉献
advertise→　advertisement　 n.广告;启事
【v.+-ment→n.拓展】
manage→　management　 n.经营;管理
agree→　agreement　 n.协定;协议
move→　movement　 n.运动;转动
state→　statement　 n.陈述;说明
4. v.+-tion→n.
resolve→　resolution　 n.决议;解决;坚定
apply→　application　 n.申请;请求
recreate→　recreation　 n.娱乐;消遣;游戏
motivate→　motivation　 n.动机;动力
【v.+-tion→n.拓展】
navigate→　navigation　 n.导航;领航
attract→　attraction　 n.吸引力
explore→　exploration　 n.探索;探究
5. v.+-ture→n.
furnish→　furniture　 n.家具
sign→　signature　 n.签名;署名
【v.+ -ture→n.拓展】
mix→　mixture　 n.混合;结合体
depart→　departure　 n.离开;起程
expend→　expenditure　 n.花费;消费
6. v.+-ings→n.
belong→　belongings　 n.财物;动产
surround→　surroundings　 n.环境
【v.+-ings→n.拓展】
find→　findings　 n.调查发现
save→　savings　 n.储蓄金
earn→　earnings　 n.薪水;工资
7. adj.+n.-ed→adj.(合成词)
good-tempered 　脾气好的　
bad-tempered 　脾气坏的　
【adj.+n.-ed→adj.(合成词)拓展】
warm-hearted 　热心肠的　
kind-hearted 　仁慈的　
cold-hearted 　冷酷无情的　
absent-minded 　心不在焉的　
single-minded 　一心一意的　
old-fashioned 　过时的　
short-sighted 　近视的　
8. turn+adv.→动词短语
turn down 　拒绝;调小　
turn up 　出现;露面;调大　
【turn+adv.短语拓展】
turn on 　打开(旋钮、开关等)　
turn off 　关上(旋钮、开关等)　
turn out 　原来是;结果是;生产;制造;培养　
turn in 　上交; 提交;交付　　
turn over 　(使)翻转;发动;转动　
9. give+adv.→动词短语
give off 　放出(热、光、气味或气体)　
give away 　赠送;捐赠;泄露　
【give+adv.短语拓展】
give in 　屈从;让步　
give out 　分发;散发;宣布　
give up 　放弃　
give back 　归还;退还　
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. It’s reported that the local government raised the minimum w　age　 for different work classes by 20% on average last year.
2. The teacher a　ssigned　 each of the children a different task yesterday.
3. She packed her few 　belongings　 (belong) in a bag and left.
4. It was 　selfish　 (self) of him to leave all the work to you.
5. His 　genuine　 (genuinely) smile immediately let the defences down.
6. Engineers carried out a t　horough　 inspection of the track to ensure its safety.
7. His r　ecreations　 include golf, 　rugby　 (橄榄球运动) and shooting.
8. All the f　urniture　 in my house was made of wood.
9. It was very cold and d amp　. The man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his frozen face.
10. The r　ough　 road makes it difficult to get to the destination on schedule.
11. He became a 　navigator　 (navigate) during the war.
12. The puppy stopped in front of him, and gave a sharp b　ark　.
Ⅲ. 单元语法精练
1. It 　has been raining　 (rain) for a week. How long do you think it will last
2. Up to now, the gifted child 　has won　 (win) three national prizes in music.
3. The trees blown down in the storm 　have been moved　 (move) away already. Cars can go through normally.
4. I didn’t go to see the film last week because I 　had seen　 (see) it twice.
5. I 　have been looking　 (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
6. I 　have been repairing　 (repair) my washing machine the whole morning. I must get it done before lunch.
7. I first met Lisa three years ago. She 　was working　 (work) at a radio shop at that time.
8. He 　has been coughing　 (cough) a lot recently. He ought to give up smoking and go to see a doctor.
9. He 　has been listening　 (listen) to English programmes since he came to the US, so he 　has made　 (make) great progress.
10. I 　have known　 (know) Miss Huggins for several years. I 　have been reading/am reading　 (read) her latest novel, but I haven’t finished it.
11. He will have learnt English for eight years by the time he 　graduates　 (graduate) from the university next year.
12. He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still 　is　 (be).
13. The price 　has gone　 (go) down, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
14. Don’t take the magazine away. It 　belongs　 (belong) to me.
15. The telephone 　has rung　 (ring) four times in the last hour, and each time it
　was　 (be) for my roommate. Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P31]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The Labour Union had sought a w increase and a shorter work week for workers.
2. I couldn’t have gone through that b period without your generous help.
3. The front part of the bus was destroyed and nine people a were killed on the spot.
4. Marianne got a couple of cups from the c and popped a teabag into each of them.
5. Mr Smith, manager of the department, decided to a the important task to whoever had a strong sense of responsibility.
6. He e her—she seemed to have everything she could possibly want.
7. Supposing this ship were to s , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers
8. The doctor urged people who smoke to a the habit.
9. He put a b over the sleeping child.
10. If war could be abolished, armies and n would be unnecessary.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
1. 原句:…Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
【句型转换】
(1)He happened to be going that way too.
→ he was going that way too.
(2)It happened that he had read the novel when his classmates talked about the hero in it.
→He happened when his classmates talked about the hero in it.
2. 原句:Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all.
【一句多译】
他有可能在竞赛中取得一等奖。
(1) that he will win first prize in the contest.
(2) are he will win first prize in the contest.
(3) is he will win first prize in the contest.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself. And unless otherwise assigned a seat by the teacher, I always 　1　 to sit at the back of the classroom.
All this 　2　 after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. At first I thought it was a crazy 　3　 because I didn’t have a good sense of balance, nor did I have the 　4　 to keep up with the others in the team and they would laugh at me. But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “　5　 for it”, I wouldn’t have decided to give a try.
Getting up the courage to go to the tryouts was only the 　6　 of it! When I first started 　7　 the practice lessons, I didn’t even know the rules of the game, much 　8　 what I was doing. Sometimes I’d get 　9　 and take a shot in the wrong direction—which made me feel really stupid. Fortunately, I wasn’t the only one “new” at the game, so I decided to 　10　 learning the game, do my best at each practice lesson, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn’t 　11　 “just yet”.
I practised and practised. Soon I knew the rules and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and motivating. Very soon the competitive 　12　 in me was winning over my lack of confidence. With time, I learnt how to play and made friends in the 　13　. I never had so much fun!
With my 　14　 self-confidence, comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from “　15　” at the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, to raising my hand—even when I sometimes wasn’t 100 percent sure I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence.
( )1. A. hoped　 B. agreed
C. meant　 D. chose
( )2. A. continued B. changed
C. settled D. started
( )3. A. plan B. idea
C. belief　 D. saying
( )4. A. right B. chance
C. ability　　 D. patience
( )5. A. going B. looking
C. cheering D. making
( )6. A. point B. half
C. rest D. basis
( )7. A. enjoying B. preparing
C. attending D. watching
( )8. A. less B. later
C. worse　　 D. further
( )9. A. frightened B. motivated　
C. embarrassed　　 D. confused
( )10. A. focus on B. act as
C. give off D. try out
( )11. A. want B. do
C. support D. know
( )12. A. role B. part
C. mind　 D. value
( )13. A. process B. operation
C. movement D. situation
( )14. A. expressed B. improved
C. preserved D. recognised
( )15. A. dreaming B. playing
C. relaxing D. hiding
Ⅳ. 语法填空
Jane Eyre (《简·爱》) is a timeless classic that attracts readers with its powerful storytelling and unforgettable characters. 　1　 (write) by Charlotte Bronte, this novel follows the journey of Jane Eyre, a poor young woman who overcomes adversity 　2　 (find) love and independence.
The novel is a masterpiece of Victorian literature, exploring themes of love, morality, and social class. Jane Eyre’s strong sense of self-worth and independence makes her attractive, while her love for Mr. Rochester adds depth 　3　 the story.
Bronte’s writing style is 　4　 (elegance) and interesting, drawing readers into Jane’s world and engaging them in the richly detailed settings of Thornfield Hall and Yorkshire. The novel’s atmospheric descriptions and vivid imagery bring the story to life, 　5　 (create) an absorbing reading experience.
One of the most memorable aspects of Jane Eyre is its 　6　 (explore) of complex inner struggles of 　7　 (it) characters. From Jane’s internal conflicts to Mr. Rochester’s troubled past, the novel explores the depths of human emotion with sensitivity.
Overall, Jane Eyre is an everlasting masterpiece 　8　 continues to attract readers of all ages. Its powerful themes, memorable characters, and engaging storytelling make it 　9　 must-read for anyone seeking an unforgettable novel. So far, Jane Eyre 　10　 (leave) a lasting legacy (遗产), inspiring numerous adaptations in film, television, and theater. Its timeless themes continue to attract audiences of all ages, making it a beloved classic for generations to come.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P33]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The rainy season began. And everything in the flat was d .
2. He had made a t investigation. No wonder he knew so much about it.
3. The room was small and contained far too much f .
4. It is extremely c to perform an experiment on live animals.
5. The dog suddenly started b at us.
6. The film combined education with (消遣).
7. Activities all take place under the (guide) of an experienced tutor.
8. This company takes account of (法人的) image wherever possible.
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands that became his second 　1　. He learnt the value and beauty of 　2　 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 　3　 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　4　 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 　5　, the number of snakes had declined as well. He 　6　 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 　7　. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　8　 during the daytime. He turned to the 　9　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 　10　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
　11　 young plants in the dry season was 　12　 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 　13　 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. The water would then drip (滴下) on the plants below.
Molai 　14　 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have 　15　 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
( )1. A. dream B. job
C. home D. choice
( )2. A. nature B. youth
C. culture D. knowledge
( )3. A. precious B. interesting
C. disturbing D. awkward
( )4. A. waste B. tension
C. pain D. damage
( )5. A. Besides B. However
C. Therefore D. Otherwise
( )6. A. agreed B. realised
C. remembered D. predicted
( )7. A. noise B. heat
C. disease D. dust
( )8. A. directions B. partners
C. help D. shelter
( )9. A. labor B. police
C. forest　 D. land
( )10. A. rebuilt　 B. discovered
C. left D. managed
( )11. A. Decorating B. Observing
C. Watering D. Guarding
( )12. A. tough B. illegal
C. fantastic D. beneficial
( )13. A. back B. top
C. foot D. side
( )14. A. returned B. learnt
C. failed　 D. continued
( )15. A. resulted in　 B. agreed on
C. consisted of　 D. belonged to
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Shipwrecked Prayers
A voyaging ship was wrecked during a storm at sea and only two of the men aboard were able to swim to a small, desert-like island. Not knowing what else to do, the two survivors agreed that they had no alternative but to pray.
However, to find out whose prayers were more powerful, they agreed to divide the territory between them and stay on opposite sides of the island.
The first thing they prayed for was food. The next morning, the first man saw a fruit-bearing tree on his side of the island, and he was able to eat its fruit. But the other man’s parcel of land remained barren.
After a week, the first man became lonely and decided to pray for a wife. The next day, another ship was wrecked and the only survivor was a woman who swam to his side of the island. But on the other side of the island, there was nothing.
Soon thereafter the first man prayed for a house, clothes and more food. The next day, like magic, all of these things were given to him. However, the second man still had nothing.
Finally, the first man prayed for a ship so that he and his wife could leave the island, and in the morning he found a ship docked at his side of the island.
The first man boarded the ship with his wife and decided to leave the second man on the island, considering the other man unworthy to receive the blessings since none of his prayers had been answered.
As the ship was about to leave, the first man heard a voice booming, “Why are you leaving your companion on the island ”
“My blessings are mine alone since I was the one who prayed for them,” the first man answered. “His prayers were all unanswered and so he doesn’t deserve anything.”
“You are mistaken!” the voice rebuked him. “He had only one prayer, which I answered. If not for that, you would not have received any of my blessings.”
“Tell me,” the first man asked the voice, “what did he pray for that I should owe him anything ”
“He prayed that all your prayers would be answered.”
For all we know, our blessings are not the fruits of our prayers alone, but those of another praying for us. So what you do for others is more important than what you do for yourself.
( )1. The first man’s wife is 　　　.
A. a swimmer who got to the island by accident
B. an angel who came here to keep him company
C. a survivor from another wrecked ship
D. a native person on the desert-like island
( )2. The underlined word “barren” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to 　　　.
A. isolated B. unproductive
C. fertile D. dry
( )3. Which of the following is TRUE about the second man
A. He didn’t deserve any blessing.
B. None of his prayers was answered.
C. He is not brave enough to talk about his needs.
D. His prayer helped his companion get out of trouble.
( )4. What’s the moral of the story
A. Never judge a person by appearance.
B. Don’t lose heart in trouble.
C. Helping others is helping ourselves.
D. Greed is the root of all evil.
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P35]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Their new electronic (navigate) misled them down the wrong road.
2. I was deeply impressed by the energy and one hundred percent (commit) shown by the players to work.
3. After a long and trying investigation, the police have excluded robbery as a
(motivation) for the murder.
4. Have you ever heard such stories about those (loyalty) dogs as are described in this book
5. He pushed her (rough) out of the door.
6. He is slow to learn, but shows great (persevere).
7. She has a lot of working experience. Therefore, we consider her the best
c for the job.
8. One of the funniest e in the book occurs in Chapter 6.
Ⅱ. 重要句型
1. 原句: What if they were delayed
[用what结构完成句子]
(1)如果这个不行怎么办
this doesn’t work out
(2)你把车卖掉了 为什么
You sold your car
2. 原句:There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
[用nothing短语完成句子]
(1)公路对面只有树林。
There’s woods on the other side of the highway.
(2)他们免费给我们送旧书。
They sent us used books .
3. 原句:As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could.
我将把这本词典给英语竞赛中获一等奖的人。
I will give the dictionary to in the English contest.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Sacagawea was born in 1787 in an area near the Rocky Mountains that is now part of Idaho. She was part of the Shoshone tribe where her father was the chief.
When Sacagawea was 12, her tribe was attacked by the Hidatsa tribe. Sacagawea was taken to North Dakota to live with the Hidatsa. A few years later, she was sold into slavery and forced to marry Toussaint Charbonneau, a French-Canadian fur trapper.
In 1804, Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark arrived in the area looking for guides. They were sent by President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase and the lands to the west.
Lewis and Clark hired Toussaint Charbonneau and asked him to bring along Sacagawea so she could interpret when they reached the Shoshone tribe.
Sacagawea was able to help out with much more than interpreting. She showed the men how to collect edible roots and other plants. She also helped to save important supplies and maps when her boat capsized (翻) in the river during a squall. The men were impressed with her quick action and named the river after her.
The journey across the western lands wasn’t easy. Everyone was often hungry and cold. It was especially hard for Sacagawea who had her infant son to carry and feed.
Clark wrote in his journal that Sacagawea was one of the most valuable members of the group. She spoke both Shoshone and Hidatsa and was able to keep things peaceful when the group met up with the Native Americans.
Sacagawea was the only woman on the expedition. Unlike the men, Sacagawea did not receive any payment for her part in the journey, despite her important role in helping the group return safely.
Not much is known of Sacagawea’s life after the expedition ended in 1806. Some think that she died a few years later and others say that she returned home to the Shoshone and lived for another seventy years.
( )1. The underlined word “interpret” in Paragraph 4 has the closest meaning to the one in sentence “　　　.”
A. He interpreted the role with a lot of humour, gaining a lot of applause
B. The students were asked to interpret the poem
C. The data can be interpreted in many different ways
D. She couldn’t speak much English so her children had to interpret for her
( )2. Sacagawea experienced the following things EXCEPT “ 　　　.”
A. She was sold into slavery and forced to marry a fur trapper
B. She was sent by President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase
C. She had to feed her infant son during the expedition
D. She played an important part in helping the men return safely
( )3. What kind of person do you think of Sacagawea according to the passage
A. Learnt and flexible.
B. Stubborn and determined.
C. Generous and responsible.
D. Rebellious and powerful.
Ⅳ. 阅读七选五
How to Develop Courage by
Overcoming Daily Fears
At times, when it comes to courage, we tend to believe it only applies to rare and uncommon situations. Yet our ordinary lives can also be full of courage, even if we are not facing the end of a gun, a wild animal or a dangerous criminal. Courage doesn’t just mean doing heroic acts. 　1　 In fact, where there is fear on a daily basis, there are opportunities for you to show your courage. Here are some suggestions to develop courage by overcoming daily fears.
Recognise your fears.
By realising that you’re fearful, you are more likely to get to the bottom of what your fear is. 　2　 You might come to understand that you’re afraid of failing or taking chances. You may be fearful simply because you don’t have confidence in yourself. The key is not to dwell on your fear, but rather to understand what it is that you’re worried about.
Ask yourself what is the worst that can happen.
If you hesitate to take action, ask yourself this: what’s the worst that can happen Then prepare to accept it. Then go on to improve on the worst. Is failure the worst thing that can happen No, absolutely not. 　3　 Doing nothing is actually the worst thing that can happen. When you take no action, you are assured of getting nowhere.
Take action.
　4　 You cannot think courage comes just in one day. You need to act to overcome your fear. Your action may put you into discomfort, but you have to just do it. And your action can prevent you from being stuck.
　5　
To build up your confidence, you need to do the same thing over and over again. Soon you will discover that less courage is needed because you have already gained mastery. You are able to move decisively forward.
A. Share your fears with others.
B. Practise, practise and practise.
C. So you are already in a comfort zone.
D. Courage comes from taking action.
E. Each undesired result is just one more step towards your goal.
F. Finding out what is truly holding you back.
G. You needn’t wait for an emergency to occur to develop courage.
1. 　2. 　3.
4. 　5.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P37]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Joseph Francis Charles Rock (1884—1962) was an Austrian-American explorer, botanist, and anthropologist (人类学家). For more than 25 years, he travelled extensively through Tibet and Yunnan, Gansu, and Sichuan provinces in China before finally leaving in 1949.
In 1924, Harvard sent Joseph Francis Rock on a treasure hunt through China’s southwestern provinces—the Wild West of their day. But gold and silver weren’t his task: Rock, a distinguished botanist, sought only to fill his bags with all the seeds, saplings, and shrubs he could find. During his three-year expedition, he collected 20,000 specimens for the Arnold Arboretum (阿诺德植物园).
Botany, though, was just one of Rock’s strengths. As an ethnologist (民族学者), he took hundreds of photographs of the Naxi, a tribe in Yunnan Province, recording their now-lost way of life for both Harvard and National Geographic, and took notes for an eventual 500-page dictionary of their language. His hand-drawn map of his travels through China’s “Cho-Ni” territory, in the Harvard Map Collection, included more than a thousand rivers, towns, and mountains indicated in both English and Chinese, and was so well made that the US government used it to plan aerial missions in World War Ⅱ.
Scientist, linguist, cartographer, photographer, writer—Rock was not a wallflower in any sense. Arrogant and self-possessed, he would walk into a village or warlord’s place “as if he owned the place”, said Lisa Pearson, the Arboretum’s head librarian.
In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flowers, in the Far Reaches of the World”, the Boston Evening Transcript ran a large photo of the daring explorer wearing a woolly coat and fox-skin hat. “In discussing his heroism including hair-raising escapes from death either from mountain slides, snow slides and robber armies, he waves the idea away as if it is of no importance.”
The Arboretum and Rock parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cost Harvard a fortune—about $900,000 in today’s dollars. Fortunately, many of his specimens, many of his amazing photos, and his great stories remain.
( )1. What is the passage mainly about
A. Rock’s service for the US government.
B. Rock’s cooperation with Harvard.
C. Rock’s work as a botanist.
D. Rock’s exploration in southwest China.
( )2. What contribution did Rock make to the US government besides collecting new plants and specimens
A. He travelled through some uncivilised places in China.
B. His hand-drawn map was used in World War Ⅱ.
C. He showed heroism by escaping difficulties.
D. He made headlines in the Boston Evening Transcript.
( )3. How did Rock respond when people mentioned his heroic deeds
A. Excitedly. B. Proudly.
C. Calmly. D. Nervously.
( )4. What caused Rock to stop work for The Arboretum
A. The vast expense.
B. The dangerous journey.
C. The challenging tasks.
D. The unknown world.
Ⅱ. 书面表达
人物介绍写作
文体感知
概念:人物介绍写作,主要是对人物生平、主要事迹和贡献进行介绍,使读者对该人物有一个更为清晰和全面的了解。
内容安排:第一段:介绍人物出生的时间、地点;
第二段:介绍人物的主要经历、事迹或成就等;
第三段:对人物做出一定的评价。
【素材】
请你就下表所提供的信息用英语写一篇短文,简要介绍德国著名作曲家巴赫。
姓名 Johann Sebastian Bach 生卒年代 1685— 1750年
生平 1. 生于德国埃森纳赫市 (Eisenach) 的一个音乐世家。9岁丧母,10岁丧父; 2. 少年时期靠奖学金上学,1702年毕业,1703年成为一名小提琴手,此后创作了许多曲子; 3. 晚年双目失明仍坚持创作,1750年在莱比锡(Leipzig) 去世。
评价 伟大的作曲家,西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 出生于……(家庭)　　
2. 奖学金
3. 小提琴家
4. 作曲
5. 不幸的是
6. 阻止某人做某事
7. 坚持不懈做某事
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)巴赫于1685年出生在德国埃森纳赫市的一个音乐世家。
Bach a musical family in 1685 in Eisenach, Germany.
(2)他的童年非常不幸。
.
(3)他9岁丧母,10岁丧父。
, he lost his mother, and the next year his father died.
(4)少年时期靠奖学金上学,1702年毕业,1703年成为一名小提琴手。
When young, he , graduated in 1702, and in 1703, he became a violinist.
(5)此后创作了许多曲子。
And ,he a lot of works.
(6)晚年双目失明仍坚持创作。
He completely in his later life. But he .
(7)作为一名伟大的作曲家,巴赫是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。
As a great composer, Bach is .
2. 句式升级
(1)用where引导的非限制性定语从句连接第1小题中的句(1)、句(2)。
.
(2)用after which引导的非限制性定语从句改写第1小题中的句(4)。
.
【妙笔成篇】
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P39]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.+-ance→n.
endure→ n.忍耐力;耐久力
persevere→ n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
guide→ n.指导;引导;导航
【v.+-ance→n.拓展】
disturb→ n.(受)打扰;妨碍
appear→ n.外貌;外观
annoy→ n.恼怒;令人生气的事物
perform→ n.表演;演出
2. v.+-ed→adj.(已……的;被……的)
qualify→ adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
abandon→ adj.被离弃的;被遗弃的
commit→ adj.尽心尽力的;坚信的
【v.+-ed→adj.拓展】
desert→ adj.空寂无人的;被抛弃的
devote→ adj.挚爱的;忠诚的
determine→ adj.坚定的;坚决的
educate→ adj.受过良好教育(或训练)的
3. v.+-ment→n.(表示行为、状态)
assign→ n.(分派的)工作;任务
commit→ n.承诺;保证;奉献
advertise→ n.广告;启事
【v.+-ment→n.拓展】
manage→ n.经营;管理
agree→ n.协定;协议
move→ n.运动;转动
state→ n.陈述;说明
4. v.+-tion→n.
resolve→ n.决议;解决;坚定
apply→ n.申请;请求
recreate→ n.娱乐;消遣;游戏
motivate→ n.动机;动力
【v.+-tion→n.拓展】
navigate→ n.导航;领航
attract→ n.吸引力
explore→ n.探索;探究
5. v.+-ture→n.
furnish→ n.家具
sign→ n.签名;署名
【v.+ -ture→n.拓展】
mix→ n.混合;结合体
depart→ n.离开;起程
expend→ n.花费;消费
6. v.+-ings→n.
belong→ n.财物;动产
surround→ n.环境
【v.+-ings→n.拓展】
find→ n.调查发现
save→ n.储蓄金
earn→ n.薪水;工资
7. adj.+n.-ed→adj.(合成词)
good-tempered
bad-tempered
【adj.+n.-ed→adj.(合成词)拓展】
warm-hearted
kind-hearted
cold-hearted
absent-minded
single-minded
old-fashioned
short-sighted
8. turn+adv.→动词短语
turn down
turn up
【turn+adv.短语拓展】
turn on
turn off
turn out
turn in 　
turn over
9. give+adv.→动词短语
give off
give away
【give+adv.短语拓展】
give in
give out
give up
give back
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. It’s reported that the local government raised the minimum w for different work classes by 20% on average last year.
2. The teacher a each of the children a different task yesterday.
3. She packed her few (belong) in a bag and left.
4. It was (self) of him to leave all the work to you.
5. His (genuinely) smile immediately let the defences down.
6. Engineers carried out a t inspection of the track to ensure its safety.
7. His r include golf, (橄榄球运动) and shooting.
8. All the f in my house was made of wood.
9. It was very cold and d . The man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his frozen face.
10. The r road makes it difficult to get to the destination on schedule.
11. He became a (navigate) during the war.
12. The puppy stopped in front of him, and gave a sharp b .
Ⅲ. 单元语法精练
1. It (rain) for a week. How long do you think it will last
2. Up to now, the gifted child (win) three national prizes in music.
3. The trees blown down in the storm (move) away already. Cars can go through normally.
4. I didn’t go to see the film last week because I (see) it twice.
5. I (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
6. I (repair) my washing machine the whole morning. I must get it done before lunch.
7. I first met Lisa three years ago. She (work) at a radio shop at that time.
8. He (cough) a lot recently. He ought to give up smoking and go to see a doctor.
9. He (listen) to English programmes since he came to the US, so he (make) great progress.
10. I (know) Miss Huggins for several years. I (read) her latest novel, but I haven’t finished it.
11. He will have learnt English for eight years by the time he (graduate) from the university next year.
12. He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still (be).
13. The price (go) down, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
14. Don’t take the magazine away. It (belong) to me.
15. The telephone (ring) four times in the last hour, and each time it
(be) for my roommate.

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