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(共50张PPT)
人教版2019必修第二册
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Reading and Thinking
Learning objectives:
At the end of this lesson, students are able to:
1. Read about the history and traditions of the UK;
2. Give a brief introduction of the UK;
3. Talk about Chinese history, using what they have learned in this lesson. Deepen students’ understanding of the long history of our own country.
Lead-in：
What’s the name of the country
Great Britain
the United Kingdom
England
the UK
Lead-in：
What do you know about the United Kingdom
Lead-in：
What do you know about the United Kingdom
Lead-in：
Background information about UK.
The United Kingdom, whose full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is commonly known as the UK. The United Kingdom is oneof the world's biggest tourist destinations. The country's principal tourist resorts are in London, with the Tower of London being the single most visited attractionin the country.
look at the map in activity 2,and discuss the following questions in pairs.
Lead-in：
1. What does the map show What is it used for
2. What do the different symbols and colours stand for
What does the map show What is the map used for
The map shows the British Isles, the islands which make up the Great Britain(England, Scotland, and Wales) and Ireland (Ireland and Northern Ireland). It is used to show the four different countries that make up the UK and some of the major cities.
Lead-in：
Lead-in：
What do the different symbols (e.g. icons, circles, spots) and colours stand for
The small circles stand for big cities
the red spot stands for the capital
different colours stand for different regions or countries.
Pre-reading：
Look at the title and the map, and think about the following questions.
1.What message can you get from the title What might "a name" here refer to
2. What might the text be mainly about
Pre-reading：
Look at the title and the map, and think about the following questions.
1.What message can you get from the title What might "a name" here refer to
From the title and the map, we can know that the text mainly talks about thehistory of names of the UK. It may refer to a name of a country..
Pre-reading：
Look at the title and the map, and think about the following questions.
2. What might the text be mainly about
The history of the United Kingdom.
While-reading：
Read the text and find out the main idea of it.
A brief introduction to the UK about its foundation and development based on geography, history and culture, etc.
While-reading：
The main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1.
Para. 2.
Para. 3.
Para. 4.
Para. 5
The introduction of the topic.
How did the name “the UK” come into being
There are similarities and differences of the four countries in the UK.
Four groups of people influenced the UK.
It is beneficial to study the history and traditions of UK.
Para1:The introduction of the topic.
How does the writer introduce the topic of this passage
Para.1 This puzzle
By raising a puzzle to arouse(激起) interest of the readers.
What’s the passage mainly about
The brief history of the UK.
Scan for the topic sentences.
Paragraph 1
WHAT’S IN A NAME
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
Question -- Solution
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——许多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。那么它们之间有什么区别呢？了解一点英国历史会帮助你解决这个难题。
16th century
19th century
20th century
18th century
Para.2 Origin
Para2: How did the UK come into being
Wales was joined to Kingdom
of England
Scotland was joined to England and Wales
Ireland was added
the southern part of Ireland broke away
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
The United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Paragraph 2
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
The __________________ of the name of the UK
origin /formation
The text is organized in order of ______
time
16世纪，邻近的威尔士加入了英格兰王国。后来，在18世纪，苏格兰加入了大不列颠王国。19世纪，爱尔兰王国被加入进来，形成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，这导致了我们今天的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称:“英国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。
Para3：What are the similarities and differences among these four countries
Similarities flag, currency, military defence
Differences Education and legal systems, traditions, football teams
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defense. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
Paragraph 3
The ___________ and __________ between the four countries
similarities
differences
属于英国的四个国家在某些领域合作。他们使用相同的国旗，称为英国国旗，以及共享相同的货币和军事防御。然而，它们也有一些不同之处。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也有自己的传统，比如自己的国庆节和国菜。他们甚至有自己的足球队参加像世界杯这样的比赛！
1st
8th
11th century
5th
Para4: Four groups of people influenced the UK.
Romans came.
Anglo-Saxons arrived.
Vikings came.
Normans conquered England
towns and roads
language and houses
vocabulary and
names of locations
castles, legal system and French words
Paragraph 4
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
The _________ of the four groups of ________
influence
invaders
英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可以探索，这可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家及其传统。在英国，无论你走到哪里，你都会被四个不同群体的证据所包围，他们在历史的不同时期接管了政权。
Paragraph 4
The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
The _________ of the four groups of ________
influence
invaders
第一个群体，罗马人，在第一世纪来到这里。他们的一些伟大成就包括建造城镇和道路。接下来，盎格鲁撒克逊人在第五世纪到达。他们介绍了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人在八世纪来到这里，留下了许多新词汇，以及英国许多地方的名称。最后一群是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡，并对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语词汇慢慢进入了英语。
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
Paragraph 5
The ___________ of studying the British history
significance
关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多东西需要了解。研究这个国家的历史会使你的访问更加愉快。首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。有数不清的历史遗迹可供探索，有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代遗物。英国是历史和现代文化的迷人混合体，既有新的也有旧的传统。如果你睁大眼睛，你会惊奇地发现，你既能看到它的过去，也能看到它的现在。
While-reading：Read for structures
Read the text again and answer the following question.
The text is organised according to the order of time.
How is the text organised
1st
5th
8th
11th
16th
18th
19th
20th
century
16th
19th
20th
century
18th
Para.2 Origin
Read for structures
Wales was joined to Kingdom
of England
Scotland was joined to England and Wales
Ireland was added
the southern part of Ireland broke away
1st
Romans came.
5th
Anglo-Saxons arrived.
8th
Vikings came.
11th
Normans conquered England
Read the text again and answer the following question.
Complete the timeline
While-reading：Read for structures
Read the text again and sort out information according to the timeline (activity 3).
When What happened What changed
1st century Romans arrived towns and roads
5th century Anglo-Saxons came language and way houses were built
8th century Vikings came vocabulary and names of locations across the UK
11th century Normans conquered England after the Battle of Hastings castles built, legal system changed, and new words from French introduced
16th century Wales was joined to Kingdom of England
18th century Scotland was joined to England and wales "Kingdom of Great Britain" formed/created
19th century Ireland was added the southern part of "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" formed/created
20th century Ireland broke away name changed to "United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland
16th
19th
20th
century
18th
1st
5th
8th
11th
Introduce the history of the UK according to the timeline.
Post-reading：
[设计意图]借助时间轴,按照时间顺序介绍英国的历史发展进程,为学生提供及时内化目标语言的机会。
Match each part of the text with its main idea.
Post-reading：
1.Part l (Para. 1)
2.Part 2 (Para. 2)
3.Part 3 (Para. 3)
4.Part 4 (Paras. 4~5)
A. Origins of the names.
B. Advantages of studying the history of the UK.
C. Comparison of the four countries of the UK.
D. Introduction to the topic.
Complete the conversation about the UK using the phrases in their correct forms.
Post-reading：
as well as belong to add to join to break away keep your eyes open
A: I can never remember what the UK means! There’s England, Britain, Britain! Great
B: Well, it helps if you remember that there are four countries that the UK.
That's why it's called the United Kingdom.
A: Four countries I must have been asleep in that part of our history class! So the first
country was England, and the others were that
B: Yes, right. First England, then Wales, then Scotland. The last country was Ireland, but later
the United Kingdom.the southern half didn’t want to be the United kindom.
A: Oh, I remember now! The southern part from Northern Ireland,right
B: Yes, you got it well remembered! But in history class next time!
as well as
belong to
added to
broke away
joined to
keep your eyes open
Discuss the questions in groups.
Post-reading：
Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it
It will help you understand the place better and have a more enjoyable experience.
You will be able to interact better with the people and their culture and have a richer experience.
Discuss the questions in groups.
Post-reading：
What important things should visitors know about before they come to China
Visitors to China should know something about the history of the country and about the cultural traditions of the area being visited, such as the food eaten, or festivals celebrated there.
Discuss the questions in groups.
Post-reading：
What are the two chief advantages of studying the history of a country
The two chief advantages of studying the history of a country are to help you understand more about the country and its traditions and to make your visit more enjoyable.
Write a summary of the text according to the clues..
Post-reading：
Wales, Scotland, Ireland, break away, the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons,the Vikings, the Normans, London
In the 16th century, Wales became part of the Kingdom of England. Later Scotland joined, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. The addition of the Kingdom of Ireland created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The breaking away of the southern part of Ireland in the 20th century resulted in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which most people call the UK, Britain or Great Britain. In the UK, evidence of four ancient groups of peoples can be found. The Romans in the 1st century built towns and roads. Afterwards the Anglo-Saxons introduced the beginnings of the English language. Then the Vikings brought new vocabulary and the names of many locations. Lastly, the Normans in the 1lth century built castles, changed the legal system and brought French words into the English language. A good place to start learning about the UK's history is London, where past and present meet.
Write a summary of the text according to the clues..
Summary：
Wales, Scotland, Ireland, break away, the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons,the Vikings, the Normans, London
In the 16th century, Wales became part of the Kingdom of England. Later Scotland joined, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. The addition of the Kingdom of Ireland created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The breaking away of the southern part of Ireland in the 20th century resulted in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which most people call the UK, Britain or Great Britain. In the UK, evidence of four ancient groups of peoples can be found. The Romans in the 1st century built towns and roads. Afterwards the Anglo-Saxons introduced the beginnings of the English language. Then the Vikings brought new vocabulary and the names of many locations. Lastly, the Normans in the 1lth century built castles, changed the legal system and brought French words into the English language. A good place to start learning about the UK's history is London, where past and present meet.
Language points
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England — many people are confused by what these different names mean. (Para. 1, Line 2)
be confused by / about 对……有疑问 / 感到困惑
例句：She was confused about the two similar math formulas.（她对这两个相似的数学公式感到困惑。）
I'm confused about the time of the meeting—did you say 3 pm or 4 pm （我对会议时间感到困惑，你说是3点还是4点？）
联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英格兰——这些不同的名称是何意思，许多人感到困惑。
Important sentences (P40)
知识点
break away (from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱
The prisoner broke away from his guards.犯人挣脱了看守。
The people of the province wished to break away and formed a new state.
该省人民希望分离成立一个新国家。
2. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away
from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (Para. 2, Line 7)
最后，在20世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
Important sentences (P40)
知识拓展
break 的其他常用搭配:
break down(机器、车辆)发生故障;抛锚
break into破门而人;闯人
break out爆发;突发(不用于被动语态)
break in打断;插嘴
break up粉碎;结束;解散
break through 取得突破
break off折断;突然停止;中断(谈判);停顿
2. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away
from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (Para. 2, Line 7)
Important sentences (P40)
知识点1
as well as...同(一样也);和;还
as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分,它强调的是前一项。aswellas可以用来连接主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语。
The girl is lovely as well as healthy.这女孩既健康又漂亮。(连接两个表语)
He can speak Spanish as well as English.
他不但会说英语,还会讲西班牙语。(连接两个宾语)In China, as well as in Canada, the weather changes from season to season.
加拿大的天气和中国一样随季节的变化而变化。(连接两个状语)
3. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the
same currency and military defence. (Para. 3, Line 1)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
Important sentences (P40)
知识点1
as well as...同(一样也);和;还
as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分,它强调的是前一项。aswellas可以用来连接主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语。
The teacher as well as the students enjoys listening to English songs.学生和这位老师都爱听英语歌曲。(连接两个主语)
注意:as well as 这一结构连接两个成分作主语时，要采用 “就远”的原则,即谓语的单复数形式要与前面一个主语保持一致。
3. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the
same currency and military defence. (Para. 3, Line 1)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
Important sentences (P40)
知识拓展
as well意为"还;也",常位于句末。
He sent me a letter and some money as well.
我一封信,外加一些钱。
I am going to London and my sister is going as well.我要到伦敦去,我妹妹也要去。
3. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the
same currency and military defence. (Para. 3, Line 1)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
Important sentences (P40)
知识点2
defence n.防御;保卫
In Britain, the defence of the country has historically been left to the navy.在英国,国防历来由海军负责。
知识拓展
(1)defence作名词时,还可意为"防御物;防御能力;辩护;防守队员;国防体系"。
The town walls were built as a defence againstenemy attacks.
城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。
3. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the
same currency and military defence. (Para. 3, Line 1)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
Important sentences (P40)
知识点2
(2)defence作名词时的常见用法:
in sb's defence为某人辩护
in defence of 保护......;为......辩护
I have to say in her defence that she knew nothingabout it beforehand.
我得为她说句话,她事先并不知道此事。
What points can be raised in defence of this argument
能提出什么论点来为这个说法辩护呢
3. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the
same currency and military defence. (Para. 3, Line 1)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
Important sentences (P40)
知识点2
(3)defence 对应的动词形式及常见用法:
defend v.防御;保卫;保护;辩解;辩护
defend...from/against...保护......以免......
The dyke was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
建筑这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。
3. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the
same currency and military defence. (Para. 3, Line 1)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
Important sentences (P40)
句中的known as the Union Jack 为过去分词短语作定语,修饰前面的名词flag,相当于非限制性定语从句 which is known as the Union Jack。
share sth (with sb) (与某人) 共同拥有某物
3. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the
same currency and military defence. (Para. 3, Line 1)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
Important sentences (P40)
4. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by
evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different
times throughout history. (Para. 4, Line 2)
be surrounded by / with 被……所包围；被……环绕
the surrounding scenery 四周的风景
surround sb/sth with... ...包围/环绕某人/某物
surround+反身代词+with...喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
take over 控制；占领；接收；接管
who 在这里引导定语从句，修饰先行词 people。
英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
Important sentences (P40)
5. The Vikings came in the eighth centuryand left behind lots of new vocabulary, as well as the names of many locations across the UK.
知识点
location n.地方;地点;位置
If you publish your location to the public, then,the public can know where you are.
如果你公开你的位置，那大众都能知道你在哪里。
维京人于公元8世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。
Important sentences (P40)
5. The Vikings came in the eighth centuryand left behind lots of new vocabulary, as well as the names of many locations across the UK.
知识拓展:
locate vt.确定......的准确地点;把......安置在(或建造于)
be located in/on/at...在......设置;在......定居;落于......
Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.
救援飞机正在努力查明失踪水手的下落。
Our new office will be located in the city.我们的新办公室将会设在城市里
The tower is located on the top of the mountain beside the temple.
那座塔坐落在寺庙旁边的一个山顶上。
维京人于公元8世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。
Important sentences (P40)
Thank You !
Reading and Thinking
人教版2019必修第二册

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