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动词不定式讲解及训练
动词不定式的基本形式是 “to + 动词原形”，其否定形式是 “not to + 动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语等句子成分，具体用法如下：
1. 作主语
不定式短语作主语时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）置于系表结构之后，常用句型为：It is + 形容词 + 不定式短语。
例句：It is not easy to keep milk fresh in such hot weather.
在如此炎热的天气，保持牛奶新鲜是不容易的。
2. 作宾语
很多动词后常跟不定式作宾语，常见的这类动词有：want, promise, try, agree, decide, hope, expect, plan, wait 等。
例句：I want to be a teacher in the future. 将来我想成为一名教师。
3. 作宾语补足语
很多动词后常跟不定式作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态，常见的这类动词有：tell, want, ask, advise, expect 等。
特殊情况：在感官动词（see, watch, hear, feel 等）和使役动词（have, make, let 等）后，要接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例句1：I want her to come here right now. 我想让她立刻来这里。
例句2：Did you see him go out 你看到他出去了吗？
4. 作状语
不定式作状语时，可用来表示目的、原因、结果等，其中最常用的是表示目的。
例句：I will go to the station to meet my uncle. 我将去车站接我叔叔。
二、语法精练
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. (2025 天津)The government is developing new plans ______ ancient buildings.
A. protect B. to protect C. protects D. protected
( )2. (2025 扬州)We should build on past achievements and work together ______ a better world.
A. make B. making C. made D. to make
( )3. —Jill seems ______ English.
—Yes, he reads English books every morning.
A. like B. likes C. liked D. to like
( )4. I find it difficult ______ the job in five minutes.
A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. to finishing
( )5. —My teacher advises me ______ harder at physics.
—Yes, you should. Or you'll fail ______ the monthly test.
A. work; to pass B. to work; to pass C. to work; pass D. work; pass
( )6. It's very kind of you ______ me with my English.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped
( )7. My parents often tell me ______ too much time playing computer games.
A. not to spend B. to spend C. spend D. not spend
( )8. We decided ______ to the beach for a holiday.
A. go B. going C. to go D. went
( )9. The teacher asked the students ______ carefully in class.
A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listened
( )10. I hope ______ a volunteer in the coming sports meeting.
A. be B. being C. to be D. been
( )11. The little boy is old enough ______ himself.
A. dress B. to dress C. dressing D. dressed
( )12. —Why did you buy so many flowers
—______ my room beautiful.
A. Make B. Making C. To make D. Made
( )13. I saw a little boy ______ in the street when I passed by.
A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried
( )14. It takes me two hours ______ my homework every day.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
( )15. The boss made the workers ______ for 12 hours a day.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
( )16. She promised ______ me a gift for my birthday.
A. give B. giving C. to give D. gave
( )17. We plan ______ a trip to the mountains next weekend.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. took
( )18. The doctor told him ______ more exercise to keep healthy.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
( )19. I want ______ a doctor when I grow up.
A. be B. being C. to be D. been
( )20. It's important for us ______ English well.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
I want ______ (visit) the Great Wall with my parents this summer vacation.
It's difficult for us ______ (finish) the work in such a short time.
My mother often tells me ______ (not play) with fire. It's dangerous.
The teacher asked us ______ (hand) in our homework on time.
We decided ______ (go) to the museum by bus.
I hope ______ (see) you again soon.
It's very kind of you ______ (help) me carry the heavy box.
The little boy is learning ______ (swim) in the pool.
My father promised ______ (buy) me a new bike for my birthday.
We plan ______ (have) a picnic this Sunday.
The boss made the workers ______ (work) all day and all night.
I saw him ______ (enter) the classroom just now.
It takes me about an hour ______ (get) to school every day.
She tried ______ (open) the door, but it was locked.
I expect ______ (meet) my old friend in the street.
Ⅲ. 句型转换（按要求改写句子）
To learn English well is important for us. (改为同义句)
______ is important for us ______ ______ English well.
I hope that I can visit the moon one day. (改为同义句)
I hope ______ ______ the moon one day.
The teacher told us. We should keep quiet in the library. (合并为一句)
The teacher told us ______ ______ ______ in the library.
He decided that he would buy a new car. (改为同义句)
He decided ______ ______ a new car.
My mother asked me. I should clean my room. (合并为一句)
My mother asked me ______ ______ my room.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 单项选择
B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C
11.B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. B
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.to visit 2. to finish 3. not to play 4. to hand 5. to go
6.to see 7. to help 8. to swim 9. to buy 10. to have
11.work 12. enter 13. to get 14. to open 15. to meet
Ⅲ. 句型转换
It; to learn
to visit
to keep quiet
to buy
to clean

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