资源简介

一、知识脉络
二、重难解码
考点 1 社会问题与社会现象
The anxiety about the consequences of generative AI is mounting. Kristalina Georgieva, head of IMF, has warned of a job-crushing “tsunami”. Jamie Dion, a leading figure in American finance, says governments should ban lay-offs ifit “saves society”.
Yet so far labor markets seem untroubled. In America the number of white-collar jobs has gone up by 3 million since ChatGPT was launched, while blue-collar jobs have stayed flat.
1 It excels at some tasks but then confidently spouts nonsense in others. This
unpredictability means companies need to spend time working out where to apply AI. Moreover, business processes don’t change overnight. Electricity was first harnessed commercially in the
1880s, but took 40 to 50 years to generate productivity gains in factories. 2
This friction should be good news for those worrying about the speed of technological
change. The time intervals between invention and diffusion can be used to work out how to help those most at the risk of being displaced.
3 AI tools could make these roles more productive, profitable and even more
enjoyable: think of a doctor liberated from paperwork. And new technology tends to create jobs. Already there is a rise in white-collar jobs that are so new they have no label in the statistics. Yet some roles also look dangerously exposed to automation. Much back-office work involves simple tasks and following a script. Young people in entry-level positions are often asked to crunch data, or summarize reports — precisely the sort of things AIs excel at.
What to do Unlike factory work or mining, back-office and entry-level jobs are not
concentrated in company towns. ____4____ But governments must also encourage movement by keeping labor markets flexible, rather than barred lay-offs. Education will need a major update to include AI instruction and the complementary skills it demands.
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The biggest mistake would be to stop hiring young people altogether. That would choke off the pipeline for future talent and rob businesses of AI natives. ____5____ They should provide
fewer repetitive, low-skill tasks and more work centered on judgment and critical analysis. They should also offer speedier rotations across the business so young employees gain insights that AI cannot replicate.
Disruption and job losses will be unavoidable. Such is the nature of technological progress. But there is still time to cushion the blow. It should not be wasted.
A ．The course of AI is uncertain, obviously.
B ．New opportunities should therefore be easier to find.
C ．One reason for the slow impact of AI technology is its “uneven skill set” .
D ．Instead, companies should rethink the type of work they offer young people.
E ．Many jobs require skills that are hard to automate, such as judgment or empathy.
F ．Employment has risen even in areas that have been keen adopters, such as coding.
G ．This time, too, companies must think about how to encourage workers to use AI and mitigate the problems it poses.
If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland.
“The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK.
6 For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose.
7 Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment
called the trolley problem. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or
chimpanzee. 8
About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. About 28 per cent of children also prioritised
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the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 per cent of adults.
“Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in
Germany. 9 “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner.
10 When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people,
animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds.
The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person.
A ．Most adults view human life as especially precious.
B ．Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10.
C ．Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person.
D ．For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50.
E ．As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says.
F ．About 28 per cent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 per cent of adults.
G ．However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently.
Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential
What is a boundary, you ask A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. _____11_____ If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.
Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical
boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的) 12
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Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague
frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.
Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. 13 One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the
week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the
above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout (倦怠) over time.
Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics (道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this. 14 Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.
15 Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our
responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards.
Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being
and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills—valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.
A ．Why are boundaries important
B ．However, they are equally, if not more, important.
C ．Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.
D ．Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.
E ．Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.
F ．Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict.
G ．Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended
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考点 2 科学技术
Understanding The Metaverse
The metaverse is rapidly being described as the next frontier in the tech, business, and
finance world. The idea gained popularity in July 2021, after Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg renamed the company to Meta to reflect its growing focus on the metaverse. Today, everyone,
from major corporations like Microsoft and Disney to creative startups, is struggling to enter the market that is predicted to reach over $780 billion by 2024. 16 How will it affect the way we live and work
In simplest terms, the metaverse is a fully immersive (沉浸式) virtual world that is like our real life. 17 Instead, a functioning metaverse requires a combination of cutting-edge
technologies like augmented reality (增强现实), virtual reality, 3D avatars, and artificial intelligence.
Zuckerberg may have drawn the world’s attention to the metaverse, but the idea of a virtual world is not new. 18 For instance, Fortnite: Battle Royal, where 100 players battle it out on a small island until only one survivor is left, is a typical example of a virtual universe.
19 They imagine using the virtual platform to attend meetings, conferences, concerts, and even tour the world with friends.
However, experts believe the technologies need to improve greatly before that happens. The still heavy virtual reality headsets often cause motion sickness and are not ready for long time use. The amount of computing power required to house billions of people worldwide in a virtual
universe also presents an issue.
The various Metaverse companies will also have different virtual worlds. They will have to standardize the technology so users can move seamlessly (无缝) between them 20
A ．But what exactly is the metaverse
B ．The development of the metaverse still has a long way to go.
C ．However, a metaverse is not a specific type of technology.
D ．The metaverse industry will create jobs for hundreds and thousands of people.
period of time
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E．Most importantly, the virtual experience has to be very attractive and affordable for consumers.
F ．Fans believe that the metaverse will enable people to conduct their daily lives in an online world.
G ．The gaming industry has been building the fundamental elements of the metaverse for many
years.
For many students, maths and science have always been boring and even difficult subjects. Teachers have long tried a variety of ways to get students excited about STEM, which stands for science, technology, engineering and maths. 21 .
The use of robotics is on the rise in today’s world. 22 Not only does it give them a head start in subjects like computer programming, maths and science, it can also develop an
interest in careers students may have never considered before.
Robots are most often related to technology and other STEM-related fields. However, playing with robots has educational benefits beyond simply learning to build and program the robots themselves. Robots can be used to in problem-based learning to develop students’
problem-solving skills and get them working cooperatively and more. In this learning model, students are presented with a problem they must solve. 23 . This inspires creativity, critical thinking and cooperation—all important 21s-century skills.
Robots aren’t just for students who need a challenge. 24 Students with autism
who may shy away from interaction with a human being are more likely to open up to a robot, and the risk of failure or embarrassment in front of the robot is much lower. Robots can provide a way for them to practice social skills without the pressure of interacting with a real person.
There are a wide variety of robots available for classroom use. 25 It now makes robots designed for students in elementary and middle school. The robots can be programmed
using a computer or tablet and a simplified programming app. This introduces the basics of
programming and robotics to younger students who might then choose to study further in high school and college.
Robots are only going to become a bigger part of everyday life in the future. Using robots in the classroom is a proven way to get kids excited and increase learning.
A．Allowing students to play with robots and learn how they work can have huge benefits for them.
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B ．Instead of following a teacher’s directions, students work out their own solutions to the problem.
C ．One of the most popular is from LEGO, the company that first made engineering fun for kids.
D ．It turns out one of the best ways to get kids interested in STEM is through the use of robots.
E ．Playing with robots can have additional benefits for students with disabilities.
F ．Research into this possibility has already begun.
G ．Robots are naturally fun and exciting for kids.
Robot Teachers
If you think of the jobs robots could never do, you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top the list. 26
But are we underestimating what robots can do In some cases, they already perform better than doctors at diagnosing illness. Also, some patients might feel more comfortable sharing
personal information with a machine than a person.
27 British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so. And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027. He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring information and teachers will be like assistants. 28 Then they will adapt the information to each student. It’s not a popular opinion and it’s unlikely robots will ever have empathy (同理心) and the ability to really connect with humans like another human can. 29 A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all. In some parts of the world, there aren’t enough teachers and 9-16
percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school. That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere and won’t get stressed, or tried, or move somewhere for an easier job.
Those negative aspects of teaching are something everyone agrees on. Teachers all over the world feel overworked because it is a difficult job. ___30___Teachers waste a lot of time doing
non-teaching work, including more than 11 hours a week marking homework. If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports, teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best.
A ．One thing is certain, though.
B ．Could there be a place for robots in education after all
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C ．It is argued that robot teachers are likely to impact children’s privacy.
D ．However, people are worried about the use of robot teachers in schools.
E ．Intelligent robots will read students’ faces, movements and maybe even brain signals.
F．Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers ” but “How can robots help teachers ”
G ．It’s easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers, but some jobs need human connection and creativity.
考点 3 环境保护
Sustainability over Style
From the 1950s onwards, as companies increasingly switched to using plastic, competition accelerated and packaging became the best way to signal a distinct identity. 31 Just 10 percent of plastic packaging is recycled globally.
There is a simple yet powerful way to improve both plastics recycling and reuse — make brands use similar packaging for products in the same category. Let’s take recycling first. Even with decades of consumer education and investment in infrastructure, it is too expensive to sort much plastic packaging into individual subtypes. Pigments (色素)can’t be eliminated and sorting by colour is expensive, so much coloured plastic gets downcycled into grey pipes or building
material.
32 If product categories followed uniform guidelines for plastic type, colour,
labels and adhesives, recyclers could cheaply recover far more material. This could finally make recycling economically viable and help achieve the dream of“circularity”, in which a new bottle is made from an old one.
The case for standardised reuse systems is as compelling. Reuse systems based on
standardised packaging and shared infrastructure could capture 40 percent of the market, versus 2 percent under a fragmented approach, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation.
Standardised packaging may sound like an attack on capitalism to some, but brands already produce similar packaging for milk jugs in the UK and for toothpaste tubes in many countries.
33 Brands could still use labels, washable inks, embossing and other techniques to differentiate themselves.
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Admittedly, it is hard to imagine rivals like Procter & Gamble and Unilever voluntarily
agreeing to put their shampoo in the same-coloured bottles. But as data amounts about the billions of dollars lost each year from single-use plastics that are burned or landfilled — and research
sheds more light on the health risks linked to thousands of poorly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their corner is harder to defend.
34 In Europe and other parts of the world, policy is already requiring reuse targets and the use of more recycled content. Standardised packaging offers brands a path to meet such
goals while avoiding a jump in complexity and costs. Similar shampoo bottles won’t solve
everything, of course. But such changes increasingly look like good business sense. 35 A ．Increasingly, brands may not have a choice.
B ．Meanwhile, reusable packaging remains rare.
C ．Standardisation could dramatically improve things.
D ．Without them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream.
E ．And standardised packaging wouldn’t mean that all products have to be identical.
F．But as brands added complexities, the already fragile economics of plastics recycling collapsed.
G ．They could also still use their own shapes and sizes of packaging, so long as these don’t make sorting difficult.
Should Teenagers Take Action on Environmental Issues
Climate change, pollution, and environmental destruction (破坏)are some of the biggest challenges we face today. Many adults are working hard to solve these problems. 36 I believe that young people not only can but should play an active role in protecting our
environment.
Teenagers have the energy and passion needed for environmental action. Unlike adults who may be busy with work and family responsibilities, young people often have more free time and
fewer worries. This allows them to focus on causes they care about. When teenagers believe in something, they put their whole heart into it. 37
38 The answer is that they don’t need to become professional scientists or
politicians to help the environment. Small changes in lifestyle can have a big impact when many people do them together. For example, using reusable water bottles instead of plastic ones,
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walking or biking instead of driving short distances, and turning off lights when leaving a room. These actions may seem small, but they add up to make a real difference.
Furthermore, taking action on environmental issues can actually help teenagers with their studies. 39 Students who participate in environmental activities often become more
interested in science subjects and perform better in school.
In short, teenagers should definitely take action on environmental issues. They have the
passion and the ability to make a positive impact. The future of our planet depends on the actions that we take today. 40 The time for action is now, and young people must be part of the solution.
A ．But should teenagers also take action
B ．This passion can inspire others and create changes.
C ．How can teenagers protect the environment effectively
D ．Teenagers can make a difference through simple daily actions.
E ．Many courses teach valuable skills like research and teamwork.
F ．Environmental protection is the responsibility of every teenager.
G ．If we wait for someone else to solve these problems, it may be too late.
Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people, nanoplastics
continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. 41
Therefore, at is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while leaving clean water behind. 42 Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water.
The innovative method uses water-resistant solvents (溶剂) made from natural ingredients. It not only offers a practical solution to the pressing issue of nanoplastic pollution but also paves the way for further research and development in advanced water purification technologies. The
strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles from a large dume of water. 43 Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface, carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure. Currently, the capacity of the
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solvent is not well understood. 44 Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary.
45 The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable
solution. From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the
development of informed environmental policies.
A ．That’s where a new research comes in.
B ．The cost of producing the solvent is still too high.
C ．Previous methods failed to purify and recycle the small particles.
D ．Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water.
E ．In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent.
F．The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant.
G．They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans.
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1 ．C 2 ．G 3 ．E 4 ．B 5 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析生成式 AI 对就业市场的影响，解释其冲击未显现的原因，并给出企业与政府应对建议。
1 ．根据前文“Yet so far labor markets seem untroubled. In America the number of white-collar
jobs has gone up by 3 million since ChatGPT was launched, while blue-collar jobs have stayed
flat.(然而到目前为止，劳动力市场似乎并未受到困扰。 自 ChatGPT 推出以来，美国的白领岗位增加了 300 万个，而蓝领岗位保持不变。)” 以及后文“It excels at some tasks but then
confidently spouts nonsense in others.(它在某些任务上表现出色，但在其他任务上却会自信地胡说八道。)”可知，前文说明 AI 未冲击就业市场，后文解释 AI 能力不均衡，此空应说明AI 影响缓慢的原因是其技能不均衡，C 选项“One reason for the slow impact of AI technology is its “uneven skill set” .(人工智能技术影响缓慢的一个原因是它的“技能不均衡” 。)”承上启下，符合语境。故选 C 项。
2．根据前文“Moreover, business processes don’t change overnight. Electricity was first harnessed commercially in the 1880s, but took 40 to 50 years to generate productivity gains in factories.(此外，业务流程不会一夜之间改变。电力在 19 世纪 80 年代首次被商业利用，但花了 40 到 50年才在工厂中实现生产力提升。)”可知，前文以电力为例说明技术普及需要时间，此空应说明企业也需思考如何应对 AI ，G 选项“This time, too, companies must think about how to
encourage workers to use AI and mitigate the problems it poses.(这一次，企业也必须思考如何鼓励员工使用人工智能并缓解其带来的问题。)”承接前文内容，符合语境。故选 G 项。
3 ．根据后文“AI tools could make these roles more productive, profitable and even more
enjoyable: think of a doctor liberated from paperwork.(人工智能工具可以让这些岗位更高效、
更有收益，甚至更有趣：想想一位从文书工作中解脱出来的医生。)”可知，后文举例说明可以用 AI 提升有些工作的质量，此空应点明很多工作需要难以自动化的技能，E 选项“Many jobs require skills that are hard to automate, such as judgment or empathy.(许多工作需要难以自动化的技能，比如判断力或同理心。)” 引出后文举例，符合语境。故选 E 项。
4 ．根据前文“What to do Unlike factory work or mining, back-office and entry-level jobs are not concentrated in company towns.(该怎么办？与工厂工作或采矿不同，后勤和初级岗位并不集 中在企业城镇。)”可知，前文说明这类工作分布分散，此空应说明因此更容易找到新机会， B 选项“New opportunities should therefore be easier to find.(因此新的机会应该更容易找到。)”承接前文内容，符合语境。故选 B 项。
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5 ．根据前文“The biggest mistake would be to stop hiring young people altogether. That would
choke off the pipeline for future talent and rob businesses of AI natives.(最大的错误是完全停止雇年轻人。这将切断未来人才的来源，并剥夺企业的人工智能原生代。)” 以及后文“They
should provide fewer repetitive, low-skill tasks and more work centered on judgment and critical analysis.(他们应该提供更少的重复性、低技能任务，更多以判断力和批判性分析为中心的工作。)”可知，前文反对停止雇年轻人，后文给出企业做法，此空应说明企业应重新思考给年轻人的工作类型，D 选项“Instead, companies should rethink the type of work they offer young people.(相反，企业应该重新思考他们为年轻人提供的工作类型。)”承上启下，符合语境。故选 D 项。
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)6 A 7 G 8 D 9 E 10 B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了在面临“救人还是救动物” 的选择时，儿童与成人的不同倾向及其背后的原因。
6．由上文“‘The finding really surprised us, ’ says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. (英国爱丁堡大学的马蒂·威尔克斯说：‘这一发现真的让我们很惊讶。’)” 以及下文“For
example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they
had to choose. (例如，一项对 233 个国家数百万人（其中大多数是 20 多岁和 30 多岁的人）的调查发现，他们大多认为，如果自动驾驶汽车必须做出选择，就应该撞向狗或猫而不是人。)”可知，本空要说明成人普遍认为人的生命更宝贵，A 选项“Most adults view human life as especially precious. (大多数成年人认为人的生命特别宝贵。)” 能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“Most adults”与下文的调查对象“millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s”相呼应。故选 A。
7．由下文“Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the
trolley problem. (威尔克斯和她的同事们用玩具铁路和乐高积木，向波兰城市地区的 170 名 6至 9 岁儿童展示了基于‘ 电车难题’这一思想实验的场景。)”可知，本空需要一个转折，引出儿童与成人不同的态度，G 选项“However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. (然而，越来越多的证据表明，许多年幼的孩子的感受不同。)” 能引起下文，符合题意，该选项中的“young children”与下文“170 children aged 6 to 9”相呼应。故选 G。
8 ．由上文“The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks
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so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. (孩子们必须决定是否将失控的轨道车引向两条轨道中的一条，让它撞向乐高小人或乐高动物——狗或黑猩猩。)” 以及下文“About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. (约 42%的孩子想要救狗，
让轨道车撞向人，而成年人中这一比例仅为 17%。)”可知，本空需要介绍针对成人的对比实验，D 选项“For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. (为了对比，研究人员对 178 名 18 至 50 岁的波兰成年人重复了这一实验。)” 能承上启下，
符合题意，该选项中的“repeated this”指代上文的实验“direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks” ，“adults”与下文“17 per cent of adults”对应。故选 D。
9 ．由上文“‘Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals, ’ says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in
Germany. (德国马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所的卡里·内尔德纳说：‘孩子们从父母、老师和其他人那里学到，关心他人非常重要，但他们可能更容易将其作为一条适用于人类和动物的普遍规则来学习。’)” 以及下文“‘However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural
narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,’ says Neldner. (内尔德纳说：
‘然而，随着年龄的增长，他们可能会接受那些告诉我们关心他人非常重要的文化叙事。’)”可知，本空要说明儿童初期对人和动物的态度没有明显偏好，E 选项“As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. (因此，他们并没有表现出强烈的偏好，要救其中一个而不是另一个。)” 能承接上文，符合题意，该选项中的“don’t show a strong preference”与上文“blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals”相呼应。故选 E。
10 ．由下文“When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care
more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. (当她让 4 至 10 岁的澳大利亚儿童根据他们对人、动物、植物和物体的关心程度来排序图片时，4 岁的孩子往往更关心狗、猫和海豚，而不是同学、警察和病人，但 10 岁的孩子则相反。)”可知，本空要说明这种态度转变的时间节点，B 选项“Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. (她的研究表明，这种转变在 10 岁时就已开始。)” 能概括下文内容，符合题意，该选项中的“shift starts by the age of 10”与下文
“4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins” 以及“but this was reversed in the
答案第 3 页，共 13 页
10-year-olds”相呼应。故选 B。
11 ．E 12 ．B 13 ．G 14 ．F 15 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了职场边界的不同类型，包括身体、情感、心理及复合边界，同时阐释设立职场边界的重要意义与作用。
11 ．根据前文“What is a boundary, you ask A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to
someone or something. (你可能会问，什么是边界？边界是界定你与他人或事物之间关系的一种限度)”以及后文“If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or
your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries. (如果你告知过他人这是你的办公区
域、你的桌子或是你的椅子，那你就已经尝试设立身体边界了)”可知，前文对边界下定义，后文具体介绍了身体边界，此空应总述边界的不同类型，引出后文的具体分类介绍，E 选项 “Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible. (边界可以是身体上的、
心理上的、情感上的、有形的或是无形的)”总括了边界的多种类型，其中的 physical 与后文的 physical boundaries 相呼应，符合语境。故选 E 项。
12 ．根据前文“It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental
boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的). (身体边界往往更容易被理解。情感或心理边界则可能 更为微妙)”可知，前文对比了身体边界与情感、心理边界的理解难度，此空应承接该内容，说明尽管情感和心理边界更微妙，但重要性并不亚于甚至超过身体边界，B 选项“However, they are equally, if not more, important. (然而，即便不是更重要，它们也有着同等的重要性)”中的 they 指代前文的 Emotional or mental boundaries ，通过 However 转折，强调其重要性，
符合语境。故选 B 项。
13 ．根据前文“Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and
emotional one. (有时我们设立的边界，是身体边界与情感边界的结合体)”以及后文“One
example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on
vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we
feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. (其中一个例子是，被反复要求在工作日、周末或是休假期间加班。另一个例子是，被要求接待过多的客户或病人，以至于一天结束后倍感疲惫，到了周五更是筋疲力尽)”可知，前文提出了身心复合边界的概念，后文举了相关例子，此空应先阐释这类复合边界的特点，引出后文的举例，G 选项“Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time (这类边界 的产生往往源于我们被要求长期做超出自身能力范围的事)”中的 Such boundaries 指代前文
答案第 4 页，共 13 页
的 a combination of both a physical and emotional one，阐释了该类边界的形成原因，且与后文的例子相契合，符合语境。故选 G 项。
14 ．根据前文“Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics (道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with
respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are
repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this (心理边界与我们的信念、价值观、文化规范、道德和准则相关。例如，你崇尚一种尊重、善待员工与客户且秉持道德行事的职场文化。六个月后，你发现公司领导层的行为方式始终与这一理念相悖)”可知，前文举例说明个人心理边界中的价值观与公司行为不符的情况，此空应承接该内容，说明这种不符带来的结果， F 选项“Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will
lead to internal conflict. (你的价值观和道德准则与公司的不符，这很可能会引发内心的矛盾)”承接前文的价值观相悖的情况，点明其带来的内心冲突，且与后文的压力和身体症状相衔接，符合语境。故选 F 项。
15．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的小标题，概括本段核心内容，根据后文“Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and
emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps
empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. (边界有着诸多作用。它们能保护我们、明确我们的责任、保存我们的身心精力，还能让我们践行自身的价值观和行为准则。学会设立边界的技巧，能让我们更有能力将自身的价值观和幸福放在首位，更好地管理自身压力)”可知，本段核心是阐述设立职场边界的重要性和具体作用，A 选项 “Why are boundaries important (为什么边界如此重要？)” 以设问的方式点明本段主题，引出后文对边界重要作用的具体阐释，符合语境。故选 A 项。
16 ．A 17 ．C 18 ．G 19 ．F 20 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是元宇宙，如何影响我们的生活和工作方式以及目前的发展状况。
16 ．根据第二段首句“In simplest terms, the metaverse is a fully immersive virtual world that is
like our real life.(简单来说，元宇宙是一个完全沉浸式的虚拟世界，就像我们的现实生活一样)”可知，此处在解释什么是元宇宙，再根据空后一句“How will it affect the way we live and
work (它将如何影响我们的生活和工作方式？)”可知，本文是以问句引出下文，所以空处应也是问句引出下文。由此可知，A 项“But what exactly is the metaverse (但究竟什么是元宇
答案第 5 页，共 13 页
(
宙？
)”
符合文意 故选
A
项
)。 。
17 ．根据下文“Instead, a functioning metaverse requires a combination of cutting-edge
technologies like augmented reality, virtual reality, 3D avatars, and artificial intelligence.(相反，一个有效的元宇宙需要结合增强现实、虚拟现实、3D 化身和人工智能等前沿技术)”可知，此处是在讲，元宇宙不是单一技术能实现的，而是多项技术结合。由此可知，C 项“However, a metaverse is not a specific type of technology.(然而，元宇宙并不是一种特定类型的技术)”和下文衔接自然，符合文意。故选 C 项。
18 ．根据上文“Zuckerberg may have drawn the world’s attention to the metaverse, but the idea of a virtual world is not new.(扎克伯格可能已经将世界的注意力吸引到元宇宙上，但虚拟世界的想法并不新鲜)”可知，本段主要讲在其他方面，虚拟世界的想法早已诞生，再根据下文“For instance, Fortnite: Battle Royal, where 100 players battle it out on a small island until only one
survivor is left, is a typical example of a virtual universe.(例如，在《堡垒之夜：皇家大作战》中，100 名玩家在一个小岛上决一死战，直到只剩下一名幸存者，这就是虚拟宇宙的典型例子)”可知，此处是说的是游戏方面。由此可知，G 项“The gaming industry has been building the fundamental elements of the metaverse for many years.(多年来，游戏行业一直在构建元宇宙的基本元素)”符合文意。故选 G 项。
19 ．空处位于段首，根据下文“They imagine using the virtual platform to attend meetings,
conferences, concerts, and even tour the world with friends.(他们设想使用虚拟平台参加会议、
讨论会、音乐会，甚至与朋友一起环游世界)”可知，此处在设想使用虚拟平台进行日常生活，是对段首句的补充说明。由此可知，F 项“Fans believe that the metaverse will enable people to conduct their daily lives in an online world.(粉丝们相信，元宇宙将使人们能够在一个网络世界中进行日常生活)”符合文意。故选 F 项。
20 ．根据倒数第二段“However, experts believe the technologies need to improve greatly before that happens. The still heavy virtual reality headsets often cause motion sickness and are not
ready for long time use. The amount of computing power required to house billions of people worldwide in a virtual universe also presents an issue.(然而，专家们认为，在那之前，技术还需要大幅改进。仍然笨重的虚拟现实耳机经常会导致晕车，而且不适合长时间使用。在一个虚拟宇宙中容纳全球数十亿人所需的计算能力也是一个问题)”及空前“The various Metaverse
companies will also have different virtual worlds. They will have to standardize the technology so users can move seamlessly (无缝) between them.(不同的Metaverse 公司也将拥有不同的虚拟世
答案第 6 页，共 13 页
界。他们必须将技术标准化，以便用户可以在两者之间无缝切换)”可知，此处是讲元宇宙的发展， 目前还存在很多问题。设空位于段尾，应是对前文的总结。由此可知，B 项“The
development of the metaverse still has a long way to go.(元宇宙的发展还有很长的路要走)”符合文意。故选 B 项。
21 ．D 22 ．A 23 ．B 24 ．E 25 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人对学生学习 STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）的好处以及机器人的具体应用等。
21 ．根据上文“For many students, maths and science have always been boring and even difficult subjects. Teachers have long tried a variety of ways to get students excited about STEM, which
stands for science, technology, engineering and maths.(对许多学生来说，数学和科学一直是枯 燥甚至困难的科目。长期以来，教师们一直在尝试各种方法让学生对 STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）感到兴奋)”以及后文“The use of robotics is on the rise in today’s world.(机器人技术在当今世界的应用越来越多)”可知，本句属于过渡句，指出让孩子对 STEM 感兴趣的方法是利用机器人。故 D 选项“事实证明，让孩子对 STEM 感兴趣的最好方法之一是使用机器人”符合语境，故选 D。
22．根据上文“The use of robotics is on the rise in today’s world.(机器人技术在当今世界的应用越来越多)”可知，本句承接上文举例说明机器人技术的具体应用。故 A 选项“让学生们和机器人玩，学习它们是如何工作的，会给他们带来巨大的好处”符合语境，故选 A。
23．根据上文“In this learning model, students are presented with a problem they must solve.(在这种学习模式中，学生面临一个他们必须解决的问题)”以及后文“This inspires creativity, critical thinking and cooperation--all important 21s-century skills.(这激发了创造力、批判性思维和合作——这些都是 21 世纪的重要技能)”可知，本句旨在说明学生必须自己解决的问题是什么，
故 B 选项“学生自己解决问题，而不是听从老师的指示”符合语境，故选 B。
24 ．根据后文“Students with autism who may shy away from interaction with a human being are more likely to open up to a robot, and the risk of failure or embarrassment in front of the robot is
much lower. Robots can provide a way for them to practice social skills without the pressure of
interacting with a real person.(那些可能会羞于与人类互动的自闭症学生更有可能对机器人敞开心扉，在机器人面前失败或尴尬的风险要低得多。机器人可以为他们提供一种练习社交技能的方式，而不用与真人互动的压力)”可知，后文自病症的例子说明机器人对残疾学生也有益处。故 E 选项“玩机器人对残疾学生有额外的好处”符合语境，故选 E。
答案第 7 页，共 13 页
25 ．根据上文“There are a wide variety of robots available for classroom use.(可供教室使用的机器人种类繁多)”可知，本句承接上文列举可以在教室使用的机器人。故 C 选项“最受欢迎的玩具之一来自乐高，这家公司最早让孩子们对工程感兴趣”符合语境，故选 C。
26 ．G 27 ．B 28 ．E 29 ．A 30 ．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人老师。
26 ．根据前文“If you think of the jobs robots could never do, you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top the list.(如果你认为机器人永远不能做的工作，你可能会把医生和教师排在第一位。)”可知，此处应该强调人们普遍认为医生和教师这种职业是机器人所无法取代的。根据下文“But are we underestimating what robots can do In some cases, they already perform
better than doctors at diagnosing illness. (但我们是否低估了机器人的能力？在某些情况下，他们在诊断疾病方面的表现已经比医生好。)”可知，此处与第一段形成转折，提出了我们不能低估了机器人的能力。因此空前应该描述的是机器人无法取代人类的表述。G 选项“It’s easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers, but some jobs need human connection and
creativity.(很容易想象机器人清洁工和工厂工人，但有些工作需要人际关系和创造力。)” 中的有些工作需要人际关系和创造力，即代表了该类工作不适合机器人，与前文语境符合。故选 G。
27 ．根据后文“British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so. (英国教育专家 Anthony
Seldon 认为答案是肯定的。)”可知，Anthony Seldon 教授也是这么认为的，该句中的 so 指 代的是前文中的内容即：机器人可以在教室（教育）中得到应用。以及后文的“And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027. (他甚至为机器人接管教室设定了一个日期： 2027 年。)” 中的 classroom 与前文呼应。B 选项“Could there be a place for robots in education after all (机器人在教育领域会有一席之地吗？)”与此对应。故选 B。
28．根据下文“Then they will adapt the information to each student.(然后它们会根据每个学生的情况调整信息。)”可知，they 指代的名词与 information 会出现在前文中；同时 then 表示该句与前句是先后关系。E 选项“Intelligent robots will read students ’ faces, movements and maybe even brain signals.(智能机器人将读取学生的面部表情、动作，甚至可能是大脑信号。)” 中的intelligent robots 即为后文 they 的内容，与前文呼应。故选 E。
29 ．根据后文中“A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all.(机器人老师总比没有老师
好。)”可知，机器人老师至少比没有老师强。A 选项“One thing is certain, though.(不过，有一件事是肯定的。)”可知，此处的 one thing 指代的是下文的“机器人老师总比没有老师好”这个
答案第 8 页，共 13 页
事实，强调了机器人老师的一个优点，前后呼应。故选 A。
(
.
) (
,
)30 根据后文的“Teachers waste a lot of time doing non-teaching work including more than 11
hours a week marking homework. (教师在非教学工作上浪费了大量时间，包括每周批改作业超过 11 个小时。)”可知，此处强调的是教师要花费大量的时间完成教学以外的工作，而机器人可以帮助教师减少批改作业和撰写报告的时间，即机器人带来很大的好处。F 选项
“Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers ” but “How can robots help
teachers ”(也许问题不在于“机器人会取代教师吗 ”而是“机器人如何帮助老师 ”)”引起前文，强调的是机器人是如何帮助老师的。故选 F。
31 ．F 32 ．C 33 ．E 34 ．A 35 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍塑料包装回收难的问题，提出标准化包装可改善该问题，并分析其可行性与必要性。
31 ．根据前文“From the 1950s onwards, as companies increasingly switched to using plastic,
competition accelerated and packaging became the best way to signal a distinct identity.(从 20 世纪 50 年代开始，随着企业越来越多地转向使用塑料，竞争加剧，包装成为彰显独特身份的最佳方式)”和后文“Just 10 percent of plastic packaging is recycled globally.(全球仅 10%的塑料包装被回收利用)”可知，前文讲品牌为彰显特色让包装更复杂，后文讲回收比例极低，空格处需体现转折衔接，说明包装复杂化对回收的负面影响。F 项“But as brands added
complexities, the already fragile economics of plastics recycling collapsed(但随着品牌增加包装的复杂性，本就脆弱的塑料回收经济彻底崩溃)”符合逻辑，既承接前文的包装复杂化，又引出后文回收难的现状。故选 F 项。
32 ．根据后文“If product categories followed uniform guidelines for plastic type, colour, labels
and adhesives, recyclers could cheaply recover far more material.(如果产品类别在塑料类型、颜色、标签和粘合剂方面遵循统一标准，回收商就能以较低成本回收多得多的材料)”可知，后文重点讲标准化包装对回收的积极作用，空格处需引出“标准化”这一核心话题，总领后文。
C 项“Standardisation could dramatically improve things.(标准化可以显著改善这种情况)”直接点出主题，且 this situation 指代前文提到的塑料回收难问题，衔接自然。故选 C 项。
33．根据前文“Standardised packaging may sound like an attack on capitalism to some, but brands already produce similar packaging for milk jugs in the UK and for toothpaste tubes in many
countries.(对一些人来说，标准化包装可能听起来像是对资本主义的攻击，但品牌已经在英国为牛奶罐、在许多国家为牙膏管生产类似的包装)”和后文“Brands could still use labels,
答案第 9 页，共 13 页
washable inks, embossing and other techniques to differentiate themselves.(品牌仍然可以使用标签、可水洗墨水、压花和其他技术来彰显自身特色)”可知，空格处需承接前文，进一步说明标准化包装不会让品牌失去独特性。E 项“And standardised packaging wouldn’t mean that all products have to be identical.(而且标准化包装并不意味着所有产品都必须一模一样)”既呼应前文的“类似包装” ，又引出后文品牌彰显特色的具体方式，逻辑连贯。故选 E 项。
34 ．根据前文“But as data amounts about the billions of dollars lost each year from single-use
plastics that are burned or landfilled — and research sheds more light on the health risks linked to thousands of poorly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their corner is harder to
defend.(但随着每年一次性塑料被焚烧或填埋造成数十亿美元损失的数据不断增加，以及研究更多地揭示出塑料中数千种研究不足的化学物质带来的健康风险，品牌可能会发现自己的立场更难捍卫)”和后文“In Europe and other parts of the world, policy is already requiring reuse targets and the use of more recycled content.(在欧洲和世界其他地区，政策已经开始要求回收目标和使用更多再生材料)”可知，空格处需体现品牌在现状和政策压力下，可能不得不接受标准化包装。A 项“Increasingly, brands may not have a choice.(越来越多的品牌可能别无选
择)”承接前文的压力，引出后文的政策要求，衔接紧密。故选 A 项。
35 ．根据前文“Similar shampoo bottles won’t solve everything, of course. But such changes
increasingly look like good business sense.(当然，类似的洗发水瓶子并不能解决所有问题。但这样的变化越来越像是明智的商业决策)”可知，空格处需进一步说明标准化包装的意义，总结全文。D 项“Without them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream.(没有它们，真正的循环包装仍然是一个遥远的梦想)”中 them 指代前文的标准化包装，强调其对实现循环包装的重要性。故选 D 项。
36 ．A 37 ．B 38 ．C 39 ．E 40 ．G
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述青少年有能力且应参与环保，可通过日常小事行动，还能助力学习。
36．上文“Many adults are working hard to solve these problems.(许多成年人正努力解决这些问题)” 提出成年人的环保行动。空处需引出青少年是否该参与的疑问，与前文形成转折衔接。所以 A 项“但青少年也应该采取行动吗？”符合语境。A 选项以转折疑问承接前文成年人的 行动，引出文章核心议题，故选 A。
37 ．上文“When teenagers believe in something, they put their whole heart into it.(当青少年相信某件事时，他们会全身心投入)”强调青少年的投入度。空处需延续“投入”相关，说明其带来
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的影响。所以 B 项“这种热情能激励他人并产生改变”符合语境。B 选项中“this passion” 与前文“put their whole heart into it” 呼应，承接青少年的投入特质。故选 B。
38 ．下文“The answer is that they don’t need to become professional scientists or politicians to
help the environment.(答案是，他们不需要成为专业科学家或政治家来保护环境)” 给出具体做法相关答案。空处需是提出青少年如何环保的疑问。所以 C 项“青少年如何有效保护环境？”符合语境。C 选项以设问引出下文对环保方式的解答，与后文“the answer”直接呼应。故选 C。
39 ．上文“Furthermore, taking action on environmental issues can actually help teenagers with
their studies.(此外，在环境问题上采取行动实际上可以帮助青少年学习)”说明环保对学习的帮助。空处需具体解释学习上的益处。所以 E 项“许多课程教授研究和团队合作等宝贵技能”符合语境。E 选项补充环保相关活动涉及的学习技能，呼应前文“help with their studies” 。故选 E。
40 ．上文“The future of our planet depends on the actions that we take today.(地球的未来取决于我们今天采取的行动)”强调当下行动的重要性。空处需进一步凸显及时行动的必要性。所以G 项“如果我们等待别人来解决这些问题，可能就太晚了”符合语境。G 选项承接“ 当下行动”的观点，警示等待的后果，与后文“time for action is now” 呼应。故选 G。
41 ．G 42 ．A 43 ．D 44 ．E 45 ．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了纳米塑料的危害，开发有效去除水中纳米塑料方法的紧迫性，创新的去除纳米塑料的方法及其优势，包括溶剂的作用、未来研究方向等内容。
41 ．根据上文“Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people,
nanoplastics continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. (纳米塑料的尺寸比人类平均头发的直径小得多，肉眼看不见。纳米塑料与人类的心血管和呼吸系统疾病有关，在世界水体中不断积累，很大程度上未被注意到。)”可知，本段讲述了纳米塑料的危害，结合空格所处的位置可推断，此空应继续阐述纳米塑料的危害。G 选项 “They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans. (它们会破坏水生态系统并进入食物链，威胁到野生动物和人类。)”说明了纳米塑料对生态系统和食物链的危害，承接上文，符合语境。故选 G 项。
42 ．根据上文“Therefore, at is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while
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leaving clean water behind. (因此，迫切需要开发更好的方法来去除水中的纳米塑料。然而，挑战仍然是开发一种具有成本效益的解决方案，在留下干净的水的同时去除纳米塑料。)” 以及下文的“Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water.(最近，研究人员开发出一种低成本的液态解决方案，能够从水中清除超过 98%的这些微观塑料颗粒。)”可知，挑战仍然是开发一种具有成本效益的解决方案，在留下干净的水的同时去除纳米塑料，由此可知，此空应引出关于去除水中纳米塑料的新研究，A 选项“That’s where a new research comes in. (这就是一项新研究的切入点。)” 引出下文关于新研究的内容，符合语境。故选 A 项。
43 ．根据上文“The strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles
from a large dume of water. (该策略使用少量的特制溶剂从大量水中吸收塑料颗粒。)” 以及下文的“Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface,
carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure.(一旦与水混合并允许重新分离，溶剂会携带纳米塑料回到水面，其分子结构中包裹着这些微粒。)”可知，此空应具体描述溶剂在水中的情况，D 选项“Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water. (最初，溶剂像油漂浮在水上一样漂浮在水面上。)” 说明了溶剂在水面上的状态，承接上文，
且与下文的内容吻合，符合语境。故选 D 项。
44 ．根据上文“Currently, the capacity of the solvent is not well understood. (目前，溶剂的容量还不太清楚。)” 以及下文的“Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent,
enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary.(此外，他们还将探索回收溶剂的方法，以便在必要时能够多次重复使用。)”可知，此空应阐述关于溶剂容量的研究方向，E 选项 “In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent. (在未来的工作中，研究人员旨在确定溶剂的最大容量。)”说明了未来对溶剂容量的研究目标，承接上文，且与下文讲述的内容一致，Additionally 为关键词。故选 E 项。
45 ．根据下文“The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable solution.
From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration
technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the development of
informed environmental policies. (这些溶剂由安全、无毒的成分制成，它们的防水能力可防止水源受到额外污染，使其成为一种高度可持续的解决方案。从科学的角度来看，创建有效的去除方法促进了过滤技术的创新，提供了对纳米材料行为的深入了解，并支持制定明智的环
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境政策。)”可知，此处讲述了这种新方法的好处，结合空格处于段首的特点可知，此空可能是本段的主题句，总结新方法的优势，F 选项“The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant. (这种新方法具有多种优势，既实用又具有科学意义。)”概括了本段的主题，引出下文对新方法优势的具体描述。故选 F 项。
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