资源简介

(共48张PPT)
冀教版八年级下册
Unit 4 Rules make for a better life
Lesson 3 Spoken and unspoken rules
Grammar
Learning Objectives
学习理解
1
应用实践
2
迁移创新
3
能够准确区分spoken rules 与unspoken rules的定义与差异；掌握一般现在时被动语态结构：am/is/are+过去分词，理解其使用场景；能读懂课文，获取不同场景下规则的具体例子及文化差异信息
能运用被动语态改写句子，描述生活中的规则与礼仪；能结合课文内容，对生活中的规则进行分类讨论；能在小组对话中，用英语简单介绍中西方社交礼仪的差异
能自主发现并列举校园，家庭，公共场合的新规则，分析其类型与文化背景；能创编简短对话，模拟在不同文化场景下遵守规则的情景。
Leading in
01
Presentation
02
Practice
03
Production
04
Summary
05
Language points
06
Exercises
07
Homework
08
Content
Part 01
Leading in
Why can’t Nezha take the train
Do as I say!
Raise your hands!
Use your pen to take notes!
Look at the blackboard!
Express yourself bravely!
Say“I can” loudly!
R
U
L
E
S
Class rules
What are spoken and unspoken rules Talk with your partner.
Spoken rules means the rules that someone said or write.
Unspoken rules means the rules that are not said buy you know it
(言之有理即可)
New words
spoken / sp k n/
somewhere / s mwe (r)/
yell /jel/
hallway / h lwe /
test /test/
adj. 口头的，口语的
adv. 在某处
v. 大叫，叫喊 n.喊声，喊叫
n. 走廊，过道
n.&v. 测试，检验
recognise /'rek gna z/
disrespectful / d sr spektfl/
western / west n/
distance / d st ns/
rude / ru d/
depend /d pend/
v. 接受，认识，认出
adj. 无礼的，不尊敬的
adj. 西方的，西部的
n. 距离，间隔，远方
adj. 无礼的，粗鲁的
v.取决于，依靠
Part 02
Presentation
Part 1
Part 2
1.What are spoken rules
2.How many kinds of rules are there in the passage
Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.
Four.
1.What are unspoken rules
2.What should you do when you visit another country
3.What is considered normal in mang countries
Unspoken rules are mostly to do with respecting others.
I should find out the differences to avoid being disrespectful.
Closeness.
Read the passage and discuss the statements listed below. Are they spoken or unspoken rules
A Don’t climb on a park statue.
spoken rules
B Hold the door open for others.
C Cover your mouth when you cough.
D No throwing basketballs in the house.
E Don’t make a lot of noise late at night.
F Get on a bus or a train after others get off.
unspoken rules
unspoken rules
unspoken rules
unspoken rules
spoken rules
Read again and pay attention to the yellow words.
am/is/are + 动词过去分词（done）
被动语态
(passive voice)
主动语态VS被动语态
主动：
被动：
Peter cleaned the bedroom.
动作执行者
动作接受者
The bedroom was cleaned by Peter.
动作接受者
动作执行者
or
The bedroom was cleaned by Peter.
句子的重点在于房间被清理，动作执行者是谁并不重要的情况下，可以直接省略不提。
什么是被动语态
主动语态的主语是句子中动作的“执行者”，而被动语态的主语，则是句子中动作的“承受者”当我们认为执行动作的人是谁并不重要，反而是“接受动作”的人或物值得被强调时，我们就会用“被动语态”来凸显“被执行动作”的人或物。被动语态的主语，就是主动语态的宾语；主动语态的主语在被动语态中，会放在介词by后面，并移到动词之后，有时甚至会因为不重要，干脆省略掉。
When we do not know who does the action, or when this information is not important, we use passive voice.
Passive voice(被动语态)
1.基本结构：am/is/are + 动词过去分词（done） （am/is/are 随主语人称和数变化）
e.g. He is invited to the party. 他被邀请参加晚会。
2.过去分词变化规则
(1) 规则变化
① 一般情况：加 ed（work→worked、clean→cleaned）
② 不发音 e 结尾：加 d（love→loved、use→used）
③ 辅音 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 ed（study→studied、carry→carried）
④ 重读闭音节：双写尾辅音加 ed（stop→stopped、plan→planned）
(2) 不规则变化
do→done; see→seen; eat→eaten; go→gone; write→written; take→taken等
3.四大基础句式
(1) 肯定句主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)（by sb. 表动作发出者）
① 每年会种很多树。Many trees are planted every year.
② 这首歌是露西唱的。
This song is sung by Lucy.
(2) 否定句
主语 + am/is/are not + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)（缩写：isn’t/aren’t）
① 每年不会种很多树。
Many trees are not/ aren’t planted every year.
② 这首歌不是露西唱的。
This song is not/ isn’t sung by Lucy.
(3) 一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)
回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are./ No, 主语 + am/is/are not.
① —Are many trees planted every year
— Yes, they are.
② —Is the room cleaned by him
— No, it isn’t.
(4) 特殊疑问句
疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)
① What are planted every year
② Who is the letter written by
4.什么时候要使用被动语态？
1
想要凸显动作的接受者时
Jack has been fired.
强调被开除的人是杰克。
2
动作执行者不重要时
The meeting is cancelled.
重点是会议被取消，至于被谁取消，并不是那么重要。
3
动作执行者众所皆知时
English is spoken in this area.
说英语的一定是“人”，故不需特别强调。
4
不知道动作执行者是谁时
My wallet was stolen.
只知道钱包被偷，却不知道是被谁偷了。
5
希望让语气较为客气时，被动语态的口气会比主动语态委婉
主动语态：We rejected your request.
被动语态：Your request has been rejected.
被动语态使得“拒绝”这个动作显得比较不那么直接。
5.主动变被动转换步骤
e.g. We plant flowers in the garden.
Flowers
are planted
by us
in the garden
请将主动句改为被动句
My parents always buy me a present on my birthday.
1. A present is always bought for me by my parents on my birthday.(常用)
2. I am always bought a present by my parents on my birthday.
如果一个句子中有两个宾语，改被动时可以将两个宾语变成主语，两种用法都可以
1. 被动语态必须包含 “am/is/are + 过去分词”，不可遗漏 be 动词或误用动词原形 / 现在分词，例如：The homework is finished（正确），The homework finished（错误）。
2. 不规则动词的过去分词需单独记忆，不可套用规则变化，例如：write→written.
3. 主动变被动时，若主动句宾语是代词，需变为主格形式作主语，例如：主动：He helps her. 被动：She is helped by him（正确）。
Part 03
Practice
1. Usually computers__________(use) to get information on the Internet.
2.I_________(ask) to clean my bedroom every day by my mother.
3. Trees____________(plant) in spring.
4.----How clean and tidy your bedroom is!
----Thank you. It____________(clean) every day.
5. The brown desk____________(make) of wood.
6. As China grows stronger and stronger , Chinese___________(teach) in more and more schools out of our country.
7. A book____________(give) to me by my mother on my birthday.
are used
am asked
are planted
is cleaned
is made
is taught
is given
Fill in the blanks with correct forms
Read and rewrite the sentences.
People in society follow spoken rules.
Cultures influence unspoken rules.
She recognised her mother’s
handwriting on the envelope.
A
B
C
Spoken rules are followed by People in society.
Unspoken rules are influenced by cultures.
Her mother’s handwriting on the envelope was recognised by her.
Read and complete the conversation.
Li Ming: Are spoken rules always followed
Wang Mei: Well, not necessarily. Sometimes spoken rules ___________ (ignore).
Li Ming: What about unspoken rules then
Wang Mei: Unspoken rules________ often ___________ (take) for granted.
Li Ming: Can you give me an example
are ignored
are
taken
take sth for granted 认为……理所当然
Wang Mei: Sure. Think of a library. It is a spoken rule to keep quiet, but sometimes people still talk. However, the unspoken rule could be don’t lick your fingers to turn a page.
Li Ming: I see. Unspoken rules __________________(not write) down. They are different between cultures and locations.
are not written
Part 04
Production
Work in groups to talk about your family rules. Make a report to share!
I can report
Talk about your family rules you all have to follow.
Discuss what you think about these rules.
Choose one member to make a report.
Structure Reference(结构参考):
In my group, we all have many rules in life. We can’t … when… We must… before… We have to… We can’t… because….
But we all agree that parents make rules to help us. It’s good for us to follow the. Remember: …
Part 05
Summary
New words
1
Phrases
2
Important sentences
3
Are you allowed to run around and yell in the hallways
You are required to follow traffic rules.
Unspoken rules are mostly to do with respecting others.
spoken somewhere yell hallway test rude
recognise disrespectful western distance
depend
depend on 取决于；依靠；信赖
cheat on tests 考试作弊
be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事
require to sth. 需要做某事
Part 06
Language points
recognise vt. 认识；意识到
(1) recognise sb./sth. by/from sth. 通过……认出/ 识别出……
(2) recognise sb. as... 承认/ 认可某人为……
e.g. I recognised the car by its unique license plate.
我通过它独特的车牌认出了那辆车。
He is widely recognised as the best student in his class.
他在班上被公认为最好的学生。
1. You should recognise and follow the rules in your own country.
句
词
讲
例
disrespectful adj. 无礼的；不尊敬的
be disrespectful to sb. 对某人不尊重
e.g. It’s not right to be disrespectful to your elders.
对长辈不尊重是不对的。
respect n. & v. 尊重 respectful adj. 尊重的；有礼貌的
disrespect n. 不尊重；无礼
2. When you plan to visit another country, you should find out the differences to avoid being disrespectful.
句
词
例
拓
depend v. 取决于；依靠 depend on 取决于；依靠；信赖
e.g. How well you perform depends on your preparation.
你的表现如何取决于你的准备情况。
It depends on your use.
这取决于你的用途。
dependent adj. 依赖的 independent adj. 独立的
dependence n. 依靠 independence n. 独立
3. It depends on where in the world you are!
句
词
例
拓
spoken language 口语 --- written language 书面语
e.g. 口语和书面语有差别。
The spoken language in different from written language.
unspoken adj. 未说出的，心照不宣的
e.g. Something unspoken hung in the air between them.
他们之间有些心照不宣的事情还没有解决。
4. Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.
spoken adj. 口头的，口语的
句
词
讲
例
拓
例
5. Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.
somewhere adv. 在某处
(1) 常用于肯定句和表示委婉语气的问句中。在否定句或疑问句中
用anywhere。
(2) 形容词修饰不定副词要后置。
e.g. You’d better keep the medicine somewhere safe, out of the
children’s reach.
你最好把药放在安全的地方，远离孩子们的触碰范围。
句
词
讲
pron. 某个地方
e.g. We need to find somewhere to live. 我们得找个住的地方。
其他常见的不定副词：(1) everywhere 处处；到处
(2) nowhere 哪里都不(表示否定意义)
(3) anywhere 在任何地方(用于否定句或疑问句中)
例
讲
例
拓
6. Are you allowed to run around and yell in the hallways
yell v. 叫喊，喊叫
yell at sb/sth 朝……大叫 yell with... ……地大叫
yell at sb to do sth 喊叫某人做某事 yell out 喊出来，大叫
e.g. She yelled at the child to get down from the wall.
她喊着让孩子从墙上下来。
he yelled with excitement.
他激动地大叫。
n. 喊叫，叫嚷，大喊 let out /give a yell 大喊一声
句
词
讲
例
讲
Part 07
Exercises
（一）用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. In our country, the tea leaves ____________ (pick) by hand when they are ready.
2. The candles ____________(light) by Susan.
3. The tea ____________(plant) on the sides of mountains by farmers.
4. The car ___________(wash) every week.
5. The patients ___________(look) after by ten nurses in this small hospital every day.
6. The artists ________________(encourage) to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms.
are picked
are lighted/lit
is planted
is washed
are looked
are encouraged
选择正确答案
1. ---Mum, could I watch the movie YOLO(《热辣滚烫》) starring Jia Ling tonight
---Of course, if your homework________.
A. finishes B. finished C. was finished D. is finished
2. Nowadays, more and more high-technology products_____ in China and some of them are quite popular among foreigners.
A. make B. are made C. made D. were made
D
B
3. Different electric cars, including XIAOMI SU7 are very popular. They___________ in many areas in China now.
A. produce B. produced C. are produced D. were produced
4. ---Maria, do you know how tea is produced
---Yes. When tea leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then _________ for processing.
A. send B. are sending C. are sent D. were sent
C
C
Part 08
Homework
Homework
基础作业
拓展作业
抄写本课核心词汇和被动语态例句各三遍
背诵课文中关于spoken/unspokenrules定义的段落
制作一张“规则分类”海报：画出5个生活中的规则，标注是spoken还是unspoken rules，并简单说明原因
为外国游客写三条“中国社交礼仪小贴士”（英文），提醒他们遵守隐性规则
Further thinking.
Do you think it’s necessary for us to have rules in our life
Rules maintain order.
Rules keep us safe.
Rules ensure fairness.

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