专题一 名词 2026年甘肃省中考英语语法专题复习课件(共52张PPT)

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专题一 名词 2026年甘肃省中考英语语法专题复习课件(共52张PPT)

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(共52张PPT)
第二部分 语法专题突破
专题一 名词
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
同步跟踪训练
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
命题点1 名词词义辨析
根据近几年的中考考情,同类名词词义辨析主要涉及抽象类、职业类、
地点类等几种类型。以下名词涵盖了近几年中考的高频词汇。
抽象类
A/B/C
accident 事故(2020兰州) advantage 优点
advice 建议 (2020省卷) anger 愤怒
activity 活动 (2025省卷) attention 注意
ability 能力 balance 平衡 background 背景
challenge 挑战 chance 机会 change 变化
choice 选择(2020兰州) cause 原因
custom 风俗 courage 勇气 culture 文化
D
decision 决定 difference 不同 discussion 讨论
duty 责任;义务 description 描述
danger 危险 development 发展 difficulty 困难
dream 梦想 discovery 发现 doubt 疑惑;疑问
E
education 教育 effort 努力 energy 能量;精力
expression 表达 excuse 借口 environment 环境
experience 经验;经历 explanation 解释;说明
F/H
fact 事实(2020兰州) fear 害怕;恐惧
feeling 感觉;感情 force 力量 friendship 友谊
fun 乐趣 future 未来 habit 习惯 honor 荣誉
health 健康 hope 希望
I/K/L
influence 影响(力) information 信息(2021兰州A卷)
interest 兴趣 importance 重要性
idea 主意;想法(2024省卷) knowledge 知识
luck 幸运;运气 love 爱(2024省卷)
M/O/P
meaning 意义;意思 message 消息
mind 头脑;心智(2020兰州)
opinion 意见;看法 opportunity 机会
protection 保护 praise 表扬 pride 骄傲
progress 进步 promise 承诺 pollution 污染
peace 和平 purpose 目的 pleasure 高兴;愉快
R/S
reason 理由;原因(2020省卷) regret 后悔
relation 关系 role 角色;作用
safety 安全(2023省卷) sense 感觉
service 服务 support支持 success 成功
suggestion 建议(2020省卷) situation 情况
silence 沉默 spirit 精神 surprise 惊奇
T/V/W
talent 天赋(2021兰州B卷) tradition 传统
thought 思想;想法(2024省卷) time 时间
truth 事实; 真相 value 价值 victory 胜利
technology(2025兰州) waste 浪费
wealth 财富 worry 担心
职业类
actor 演员 artist 艺术家(2025兰州;2024兰州)
athlete 运动员 astronaut 宇航员
director 导演;主管 driver 司机
farmer 农民(2021兰州) guard 警卫
police 警察 pilot 飞行员 star 明星
teacher 教师 waiter 服务员
worker 工人 writer 作者(2021省卷)
scientist 科学家(2020兰州) singer歌手
地点类
airport 机场 dining room 餐厅 garden 花园
home 家 house 房子 kitchen 厨房
station 车站 toilet 厕所
活学现用
1.I like acting and I'm in the ___ group at school.
A
A.theater B.chess C.speech D.ping-pong
2.Which ice cream do you want, Mary You can't have all of them. You
have to make a ___.
C
A.wish B.survey C.choice D.call
3.—Kevin, could you pass me some ___ It's so hot today. I'm really
thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
C
A.rice B.bread C.water D.chicken
命题点2 名词的数
◆可数名词的数
1.可数名词复数形式的规则变化#1
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s visitor→visitors(2025省卷)
notebook→notebooks(2022省卷)
member→members(2022省卷)
tree→trees(2021兰州B卷)
情况 构成方法 例词
以字母 s,x,sh,ch等 结尾的词 加-es bus→buses
box→boxes
brush→brushes
watch→watches
续表
情况 构成方法 例词
以字母f或fe 结尾的词 ①变f/fe为v, 加-es②直接 加-s leaf→leaves
life→lives
knife→knives
shelf→shelves
roof→roofs
续表
情况 构成方法 例词
以辅音字母加 y结尾的词 先变y为i,再加 -es activity→activities
(2025省卷)
strawberry→strawberries
(2020兰州)
以元音字母加 -y结尾的词 加-s toy→toys
monkey→monkeys
续表
情况 构成方法 例词
以o结尾的词 ①有生命的加 -es hero→heroes
tomato→tomatoes
②无生命的加 -s photo→photos
(2024兰州)
zoo→zoos
续表
2.可数名词复数形式的不规则变化#2
情况 构成方法 例词
不规则 变化 a→e man→men
woman→women
Frenchman→Frenchmen
oo→ee tooth→teeth
foot→feet(2020兰州)
情况 构成方法 例词
不规则 变化 单复同形 sheep→sheep
fish→fish
Japanese→Japanese
其他 mouse→mice ox→oxen
child→children
续表
各国人变复数巧记:
中日不变,英法变,其余-s加后面。
3.复合名词的复数变化规则
(1)一般只将主体名词变成复数。
如:girl friend→girl friends
(2)当复合名词前的名词是man或woman时,两部分都要变复数。
如:woman doctor→women doctors
◆不可数名词
1.不可数名词的数量表达
分类 构成 示例
表具体 的量 数词/冠词+计量词+of+不可数名词 (2021兰州A卷) 【注意】常见的计量词有:piece, bag,bottle,cup,bowl等。当数词大于 1时,计量词需变为复数。 a piece of paper
一张纸
two cups of tea
两杯茶
a bottle of water
一瓶水
分类 构成 示例
表大概 的量 much/little/a little/some /the rest of/a lot of+不可数名词 the rest of my life
我的余生
some money一些钱
续表
2.初中常见的不可数名词#2
类别 例词
食物 food, rice, meat, beef, bread, salt, soup, water,
milk, tea, coffee, wine
自然 fire, grass, ice, light, rain, snow, weather
材料 cotton, gold, paper, silk
抽象 advice, courage, failure, fear, friendship, fun, help,
information, kindness, knowledge, luck, love, pleasure,
power, progress, time, trouble, trust, truth
◆既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词
名词 可数 不可数
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
experience 经历 经验
fish 鱼 鱼肉
glass 玻璃杯;眼镜 玻璃
orange 橙子;橘子 橘汁;橙汁
名词 可数 不可数
paper 报纸;文件;试卷 纸
room 房间 空间
time 次数;倍数 时间
wood 树林 木材
work 作品 工作
exercise 习题;练习 锻炼
续表
活学现用
4.The people in the Tang Dynasty not only drank tea, but also ate the
tea _______(leaf).
5.I enjoy the warm weather because it's perfect to do outdoor _________
(activity).
6.Remember to take off your _______(glass) before doing eye
exercises.
7.A large number of people just have the water running when they are
brushing ______(tooth).
8.Of all the ________(season), I love spring best.
leaves
activities
glasses
teeth
seasons
命题点3 名词所有格
1.'s/s'所有格:一般表示有生命的名词所属关系#1
单数名词在词尾加's the boy's mother
Jack's book
复数名词 一般在末尾加' the teachers' office 不以s结尾的复 数名词后加's Children's Day儿童节; Women's Day妇女节 表示某物为各自所有时,各名词词尾均须加's Jane's and Lucy's
pencils
表示某物为共有时,在最后一个名词词尾加's Lucy and Lily's room
表示“某人家”“诊所”“餐馆”“店铺”时,所有格 后的名词可省略 the doctor's诊所
my uncle's我叔叔家
【注意】有些表示时间、距离、度量衡等无生命的名词,也可以加's构成
所有格。如:today's newspaper 今天的报纸;five weeks' holiday 五周的
假期;ten minutes' walk 步行十分钟的路程#1.1.1
续表
2.of所有格
(1)一般表示无生命的事物的所属关系,通常由“of+名词”构成。
如:the leg of the chair
(2)有时也用于有生命的名词。
如:the name of the boy
3.双重所有格:主要表示整体中的一部分
(1)of+'s/s'所有格
如:a photo of my brother's
(2)of+名词性物主代词
如:a good friend of mine
活学现用
9.If you are sick, you have to follow the ________(doctor) advice.
10.A friend of ______(I) will come to visit my family this weekend.
11.We are going to my _______(uncle) for dinner.
12.It's only ten ________(minute) walk from my home to school.
doctor's
mine
uncle's
minutes'
命题点4 名词变形总结
1.名词原形
用法 示例
①a/an/one/every/each/this/that+可数名词单 数(2025兰州) an umbrella
②单复同形的名词(2025兰州) some fish/deer/sheep
③不可数名词 some information/advice
④固定搭配 by chance
2.名词变复数#2
用法 示例
①some/many/several/few/a few/these/those/a pair of/hundreds of+可 数名词复数(2025省卷) those books
②大于1的基数词+可数名词复数 (2024省卷;2023省卷;2022省卷;2021 省卷) four years
用法 示例
③one of (+the+最高级)+名词复数 one of my classmates
④固定搭配 take notes,
do morning exercises
⑤谓语动词为复数 Teenagers aren't allowed to
drive cars.
⑥根据语境判断(2025省卷)
续表
3.名词变所有格
用法 示例
①名词所有格+名词(2025兰州; 2020省卷) 7 days' holiday
②固定用法 with one'shelp, at the doctor's
4.名词变形容词
用法 示例
①be/感官动词+形容词(省卷:6年4考) feel hopeful
②形容词+名词(2022省卷;2021兰州; 2020兰州) a humorousteacher
③形容词+ and/or+形容词 The boy is kind and
friendly.
④复合不定代词+形容词 something helpful
5.名词变名词表示职业
用法 示例
名词+-er farm→farmer(2021兰州A卷)
名词+-ist art→artist(2025兰州)
名词+-ian music→musician
同步跟踪训练
真题回顾
1.(2025 省卷)Qian Xuesen, father of China's space program, is one of
the greatest ___ in the world.
D
A.farmers B.astronauts C.directors D.scientists
2.(2024省卷)Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the ___ on
while sleeping.
D
A.screen B.radio C.fan D.light
3.(2023省卷)Put ___ first and be careful while riding on the road!
D
A.interest B.money C.knowledge D.safety
4.(2022省卷)The ___ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling
from New York.
A
A.telephone B.doorbell C.clock D.bike
5.(2021省卷)If the weather is nice, we could have a(n) ___ in the
park.
A
A.picnic B.chance C.place D.idea
6.(2025 省卷)The Silk Road is becoming a top choice for
international ________(visitor).
7.(2025 兰州)Today is my _________ (brother) birthday. I want to
make a bowl of long noodles for him.
8.(2024兰州)We had a bad time that day, but the next ______(day)
trip was pretty good.
visitors
brother's
day's
基础巩固
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
1.(2025定西模拟)—Mike, is math difficult to learn in high school
—Sure! But I have made great ___ with the help of my teacher.
A
A.progress B.praise C.influence D.promise
2.There are no secrets to success. It is the ___ of preparation, hard work,
and learning from failure.
C
A.service B.example C.result D.advice
3.Nezha 2 is a big success all over the world, so don't miss the ___ to
watch it on the big screen.
A
A.chance B.challenge C.change D.check
4.If you keep working hard, you will have a(n) ___ to enter a good
university.
D
A.gift B.idea C.bottle D.chance
5.—What do you think of my performance, Mum
—Oh, it's a great ___, dear!
D
A.trust B.pride C.hope D.success
Ⅱ.根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Because of the polluted water, there are no more fish for __________
(fisherman) to catch.
2.Li Bai wrote many great _______(poem) during his lifetime.
3.I've been looking forward to having a pen pal for a long time now, I
hope we can become good _______(friend)!
4.Last winter holiday, we met some _________(German) in Lanzhou.
5.Lang Lang, the famous _______(piano), has encouraged a lot of
young musicians.
fishermen
poems
friends
Germans
pianist
6.Many of the students never leave the hometown. It's these __________
(teenager) dream to visit the Palace Museum.
7.My father went fishing yesterday and he caught a lot of _____
(fish).
8.There used to be many _______(wolf) in the past, but now only a
few of them remain.
9.My mother always tells me the ___________ (important) of having
breakfast.
10.There are seven _______(play) in our team.
teenagers'
fish
wolves
importance
players
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成句子。(每空限填一词)
1.每周三我们都有丰富多彩的社团活动。
We have different kinds of _____ _________ every Wednesday.
club
activities
2.在中国,龙是力量与好运的象征。
In China, the loong is the symbol of _______ and _____.
power
luck
3.我之前从没吃过这么好吃的面条。
I have never eaten such _____________ ________ before.
delicious/tasty
noodles
4.母亲总是教导我们要做正确的事,做一个诚实的人。
Mother always teaches us to do right things and be a(n) _______
_______.
honest
person
5.在中国偏远地区支教对她来说是一种新的经历。
Teaching in China's rural areas is a _____ __________ for her.
new
experience
提升训练
Ⅳ.任务型完形填空
way, suggest, week, journey,word, worries, message
You have been learning English for several years. Do you feel
stressed and confused(困惑的) when you are learning English If yes,
here are some 1.___________ to help you.
How about getting a pen friend You can send each other
2._________.It's a good 3._____ to improve your English and enjoy
yourself.#1.2
suggestions
messages
way
Why don't you get together with other English learners and set up
some kind of “English Speaking Club” You can talk to each other
about your life and your 4.________.
It's a wise idea to read English newspapers once or twice a
5.______.Get your notebook out and write down some 6._______ you
don't know. You'll quickly build up your vocabulary.
Learning is a lifelong 7.________, so learn wisely and learn well.#1.5
worries
week
words
journey

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