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第二部分 语法专题突破
专题八 动词及动词短语
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
同步跟踪训练
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
命题点1 动词
1.动词的分类及用法#1
分类 用法 例句
实义 动词 及物动词 其后必须跟 宾语。 He reachedLanzhou.
不及物动词 其后不能直 接跟宾语。 He's dancing.
分类 用法 例句
系动词 后常跟形容词、名词等作表语。 状态类：be（am/is/are）;变化类：become, get, turn等；持续类：keep, stay等;感官类：sound, look,taste, smell, feel等。 She looksvery
young.
情态动词 与其后的动词原形共同构成谓语。 He can speak
two languages.
续表
分类 用法 例句
助动词 be 构成现在进行时。 She'srunning.
构成过去进行时。 They wereplaying
basketball then.
构成被动语态。 My bedroom iscleaned
every day.
续表
分类 用法 例句
助动词 do 构成疑问句、否定句。 Doyou like pears
代替主要动词。 —Do you like reading
—Yes, I do.
have 构成现在完成时。 I have finished my homework.
will/shall 构成一般将来时。 Willyou drive there？
续表
2.动词的形式
（1）动词第三人称单数的构成规律
形式 规则 例词
一般情况 在词尾加-s walk→walks
以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾 在词尾加-es miss→misses
teach→teaches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i, 再加-es fly→flies
carry→carries
不规则变化 have→has （2）现在分词的构成规律
形式 规则 示例
一般情况 直接加-ing read→reading
以不发音的e结尾 去e加-ing drive→driving
以重读闭音节结 尾，且末尾只有一 个辅音字母 双写词尾的辅音字 母，再加-ing run→running
get→getting
dig→digging
形式 规则 示例
以ie结尾 变ie为y，再加-ing die→dying
tie→tying
lie→lying
续表
现在分词很好记，动词后缀-ing；
词尾若有哑音e,去e再加没问题；
一辅重读闭音节，末尾字母要双写；
还有一点需注意，变ie为y再加-ing。#3.4
（3）动词的过去式及过去分词的构成规律
①规则动词过去式的构成#2.3.1
形式 规则 示例
一般情况 在词尾加-ed walk→walked
以e结尾 在词尾加-d love→loved
以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed hurry→hurried
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾， 末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写尾字母，再加- ed stop→stopped
plan→planned
【注意】规则动词的过去分词与过去式变化规则相同。#2.3.1.2
过去式有规律，一般词尾加-ed；
如若词尾有个e，直接加-d就可以；
“辅音字母+y”，先变y为i，再加-ed；
“一辅重读”作尾巴，双写完后加-ed。#4.4
②不规则动词过去式和过去分词的归纳总结（A代表动词原形，BB代表过
去式和过去分词相同）
a. ABB型#2.3.2.1
原形特征 过去式 过去分词 示例
-eep -ept -ept keep→kept
-ell -old -old sell→sold
-end -ent -ent lend→lent
-ay -aid -aid pay→paid
-n -nt -nt mean→meant
— -ought -ought buy→bought
— -aught -aught catch→caught
b. ABC型#2.3.2.2
原形特征 过去式 过去分词 示例
-eak -oke -oken break→broke→broken
-eal -ole -olen steal→stole→stolen
-ear -ore -orn wear→wore→worn
-ow -ew -own know→knew→known
-i- -a- -u- swim→swam→swum
-i- -o- -n rise→rose→risen
c. AAA型不规则动词
此类动词有：hit, hurt, let, cost, read, put, cut等。#2.3.2.3.1
活学现用
1.（2025武威模拟）Pizza is ready now, and it ___ nice. Would you like
some
A
A.smells B.feels C.sounds D.stays
2.Although more and more people prefer to read e-books now, I don't
think paper books will ___ in the future.
D
A.increase B.move C.break D.disappear
3.Hurry up! I don't want to ___ the beginning of the film.
D
A.fill B.spend C.keep D.miss
4.（2025庆阳模拟）The funny story made the children ______ （laugh）
loudly.
laugh
命题点2 动词短语
1.常见的动词短语的构成#1
动词+介词 laugh at 嘲笑 point at 指向
worry about 担忧 agree with 赞成
ask for 请求 talk about 谈论
动词+副词 pick up 捡起 grow up 长大
look out 当心 stay up 熬夜
动词+名词 make progress 取得进步
make faces 做鬼脸
动词+名词+介词 make friends with… 和……交朋友
make a difference to 对……有影响
动词+副词+介词 stay away from 远离
get along with 进展；相处
动词+介词+名词 go to school 去上学
go to bed 上床睡觉
续表
2.常见的动词短语#2
take 短语 take up 占据;开始从事
take away 带走；拿走
take off 起飞；脱掉（2021兰州A卷）
take out 取出
take place 发生
take care of 照顾
take part in 参加
make 短语 make a decision 做决定
make a mistake 犯错
make a living 谋生
make up 组成；构成
turn短语 turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn up 开大；调高
turn down 调低；关小；拒绝
续表
give 短语 give up 放弃（2024省卷）
give in 屈服；让步
give away 捐赠；泄露（秘密）
give out 散发；分发
give off 发出（光、热等）
续表
get 短语 get to 到达
get up 起床；起来（2023省卷）
get over 克服
get on 上车
get off 下车
get together 相聚（2025省卷）
get ready for… 为……做准备
续表
keep短语 keep out 留在外面;不进入
keep off 使……不接近；回避某话题
keep up with 并驾齐驱；跟上
keep away from 远离
keep in touch 保持联系
keep healthy 保持健康
续表
put 短语 put up 搭建；张贴；举起
put on 穿上；上演
put off 推迟；拖延
put out 熄灭
put away 把……收起来
put down 写下；记下
put up with 容忍
续表
look短语 look at 看
look for 寻找
look after 照顾（2025省卷）
look up 查阅
look through 浏览
look around 环顾四周
续表
come短语 come on 加油；快点
come out 出现；出版
come over 顺便拜访
come along 出现；跟随
come in 进来（2024省卷）
续表
go短语 go on 继续
go back 回到
go away 走开；离开
go by （时间）流逝
go over 仔细检查；复习
go off 熄灭；爆炸；（警报器等）响起
续表
think短语 think of 想出;认为
think about 考虑；关心
think over 仔细考虑
think up 想出
fall短语 fall asleep 入睡
fall behind 落后
fall off 从……掉下
fall over 摔倒;跌倒
fall in love with 爱上……
续表
活学现用
5.（2025陇南模拟）With large grasslands, this town is a great place for
travelers to ___.
B
A.think about B.hang out C.look for D.point at
6.（2025酒泉模拟）—Jenny, do you know when the sports meeting will
___
—Next Tuesday.
A
A.take place B.take off C.take up D.take away
7.Emma is such a good girl that she never ___ her parents.
B
A.takes care of B.talks back to C.worries about D.looks up to
8.（2024陇南模拟）因为大雨，这个总统不得不放弃他的演讲。
Because of the heavy rain, the president had to _____ ____ his speech.
give
up
9.（2025定西模拟）今日事，今日毕。
Never ____ ____ what you can do today till tomorrow.
put
off
同步跟踪训练
真题回顾
1.（2025 省卷）A low-fat diet can ___ the risk of heart disease.
B
A.help B.reduce C.encourage D.support
2.（2024省卷）My grandpa decided to ___ smoking for his health.
D
A.give away B.give out C.give back D.give up
3.（2024临夏州）It's necessary for us to learn to ___ time and make
good use of every minute.
B
A.spend B.value C.record D.waste
4.（2024临夏州）We are supposed to ___ the lights when we leave the
room.
C
A.turn down B.turn up C.turn off D.turn on
5.（2024兰州）I don't have a volleyball, but my brother Jim _____
（do）.
does
6.（2023省卷）元宵节在农历正月十五。
The Lantern Festival _______ ____ the 15th day of the first lunar month.
falls/is
on
基础巩固
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
1.—Will our head teacher come to our graduation ceremony
—Yes. She ___ our invitation happily.
B
A.reached B.accepted C.achieved D.expressed
2.I'd like to be a volunteer. Could you please ___ my name to the list
D
A.present B.replace C.keep D.add
3.Put on your gloves! Snow is very cold and it can ___ your hands.
A
A.hurt B.wash C.warm D.protect
4.（2025平凉模拟）It's been a long time since he left his village, but
the golden sunsets still ___ bright in his mind.
B
A.record B.remain C.remind D.remember
5.DeepSeek-R1 ___ that creativity and hard-work can change the future.
D
A.produces B.prepares C.provides D.proves
提升训练
Ⅱ.完形填空
Long long ago, there was a young man called Karim. He sold caps
to . .1. . a living around several villages. One day, he was . .2. . a forest.
He felt tired and wanted to have a rest. He saw a tall mango tree and
put his bag of caps beside him and slept under the tree. When he . .3. .,
he found there weren't any caps in his bag!
“Oh,” he said to himself. “Did somebody . .4. . all my caps？” But
then he noticed that the mango tree was full of cute monkeys wearing
colorful caps!He . .5. . the monkeys and they shouted back. He made faces
at them and then the monkeys made faces, too.
He . .6. . his own cap angrily and put it on the ground. The stupid
monkeys threw their caps, too!Karim didn't waste a second, . .7. . the caps
and was on his way.
Fifty years later, young Abdul, grandson of Karim, who also sold
caps, was going through the same forest. The same thing . .8. . to him—
the monkeys took all of his caps when he was asleep under the tree.
Abdul didn't know what he should do, and suddenly he . .9. . the story
his grandfather told him. Then Abdul waved at the monkeys, danced…At
last, he . .10. . his cap on the ground.
Just then, one monkey, walked up to Abdul, laughed and said, “Do
you think only you have a grandfather？”#5
1.( ) A.make B.take C.hold D.support
2.( ) A.looking through B.passing through
C.climbing up D.coming across
3.( ) A.picked up B.stayed up C.grew up D.woke up
A
B
D
4.( ) A.waste B.borrow C.steal D.pick
C
5.( ) A.laughed at B.threw at C.shouted at D.pointed at
C
6.( ) A.took off B.took away C.took up D.took out
A
7.( ) A.bought B.collected C.sold D.shared
B
8.( ) A.happened B.gave C.arrived D.planned
A
9.( ) A.stopped B.remembered C.forgot D.started
B
10.( ) A.worn B.cut C.threw D.returned
C

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