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第二部分 语法专题突破
专题九 动词的时态和语态
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
同步跟踪训练
知识结构图解
一般现在时:主语+am/is/are/动词原形/动词单三形式
一般过去时:主语+was/were/动词过去式
一般将来时:主语+will/shall/be going to+动词原形
现在进行时:主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词
过去进行时:主词+was/were+动词的现在分词
现在完成时:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
动词的时态
一般现在时的被动语态: am/is/are+动词的过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态: was/were+动词的过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态: will /shall/be going to+be+动词的过去分词
现在进行时的被动语态: am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词
过去进行时的被动语态: was/were+being+动词的过去分词
现在完成时的被动语态: has/have+been+动词的过去分词
含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词
被动语态
中考命题点聚焦
一、动词的时态
命题点1 一般现在时
1.一般现在时的构成
主语+am/is/are/动词原形/动词单三形式#1.1
2.一般现在时的用法#2
用法 例句
表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 （2025省卷；2024省卷；2023兰州；2023省卷； 2020省卷） He usually leavesfor
school at 7 in the
morning.
表示客观真理、科学事实或名言警句。 （2023省卷） Light travelsfaster
than sound.
用法 例句
在时间、条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表将 来。 I'll call you as soon
as I getthe news.
在某些以there, here开头的句子中用一般现在时表 示正在发生的动作。 There goesthe bell.
续表
3.一般现在时的标志词
（1）频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never等。
（2）频度词组：once a year, twice a month, three times a week等。
（3）其他时间状语：on Sundays, on Monday afternoons, every day／
week／month等。#3.3
在一般现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词为实义动词，
在变为否定句或一般疑问句时，需借助于助动词does。切记助动词does后，
谓语动词用原形。#4.1
活学现用
1.Bob _____ （go） shopping once a month.
2.I won't leave unless he _____ （tell） me everything.
3.Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as possible because
practice _______ （make） perfect.
goes
tells
makes
命题点2 一般过去时
1.一般过去时的构成
主语+was/were/动词过去式#1.1
2.一般过去时的用法#2
用法 例句
表示过去某时间发生的动作。 （2025省卷；2023兰州；2021省卷） We wentto the History
Museum last Monday.
表示过去存在的状态。 I wasbusy yesterday.
表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。 When I was in the
countryside, I often swamin
the river.
3.一般过去时的标志词
一般过去时的标志词有：just now=a moment ago（刚刚）, at that time,
this morning, last night／week／month, yesterday, the day before
yesterday, three days ago, used to, in the past, in 1980等。#3.1
活学现用
4.There ___ a lot of cars on the road this morning. The traffic was very
busy.
D
A.was B.is C.are D.were
5.（2025平凉模拟）Finally, our class teacher ______（choose） Mary to
be our monitor last Friday.
6.When I was in the sixth grade, I _______ （join） a piano
competition.
chose
joined
命题点3 一般将来时
1.一般将来时的构成
will/shall +动词原形
be going to +动词原形
主语
2.一般将来时的用法
用法 例句
表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 （2024兰州；2024省卷；2022省卷；2021省 卷） I will meet you at the
school gate tomorrow.
“be going to+动词原形”常表示计划、打算做 某事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事情。 I am going to be a
doctor when I grow up.
用法 例句
表示位置移动的词如come, go, leave, arrive 等，常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 We are leaving for
London.
在if, as soon as, unless等引导的时间或条件 状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一 般现在时表将来。 I will go to the park if
it doesn't rain tomorrow.
续表
3.一般将来时的标志词
一般将来时的标志词有：tomorrow, next week／year, the day after
tomorrow, in the future等。
下列几种将来时，一般用will而不用be going to。
1.带有意愿色彩的将来时。
如：I'm sure he will lend his bike to me.
2.问对方愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。
如：Will you please clean the kitchen
3.在有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中。
如：We'll go camping if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
活学现用
7.（2025定西模拟）Summer holidays are coming. Li Ming's family ___
on a vacation.
A
A.will go B.goes C.has gone D.go
8.（2025武威模拟）Don't worry about me, Mom. I ___ you after the
competition tonight.
C
A.called B.didn't call C.will call D.won't call
9.（2025武威模拟）If the weather ____ fine, we ________ a sports
meeting this weekend.
A.is; will have B.will be; will have
C.was; would have D.will be; have
A
命题点4 现在进行时
1.现在进行时的构成
主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词
2.现在进行时的用法
用法 例句
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 （2025兰州；2024省卷;2023兰州；2022省 卷；2021省卷；2020省卷） The telephone is ringing.
Could you answer it,
please
表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 They are studying hard
this term.
3.现在进行时的标志词
现在进行时的标志词有：now, at present, at the moment, these days,
look, listen等。
若一个句子以look, listen等祈使语气的动词开头，常用现在进行时。
如：Look! They are having a good time.
活学现用
10.Look! The farmers are ________ （pick）apples on the farm.
11.I'm afraid we can't go to have a picnic today. It is _______（rain）
very hard now.
picking
raining
12.—Where is Mum
—In the living room. She is ________（read）a book at the moment.
reading
命题点5 过去进行时
1.过去进行时的构成
主语+was/were+动词的现在分词
2.过去进行时的用法#2
用法 例句
表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行 的动作。（2025省卷；2024省卷;2023省卷） What were you doing
at nine last night
表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,带有一定的感 彩。 Alice was always
changing her mind.
3.过去进行时的时间标志词
过去进行时的时间标志词有：then, at that time, at this time
yesterday等；含有when或while引导的过去时间状语从句中。#3.1
活学现用
13.I ___ on the phone with my cousin when my father came in.
B
A.talk B.was talking C.is talking D.talked
14.（2025白银模拟）They _____________（play） basketball when it
suddenly began to rain.
were playing
命题点6 现在完成时
1.现在完成时的构成
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词#1.1
2.现在完成时的用法#2
用法 例句
表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动 作对现在造成的影响或结果。 （2024省卷;2021兰州A卷） I have already watched the TV
play.
表示从过去开始延续到现在的状态。 （2023省卷;2020省卷） The Smiths have been there for
15 years.
3.现在完成时的标志词
现在完成时的标志词有：already, yet, since+时间点, for+时间段, so far
等。#3.1
4.非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换#4
非延续性动词 延续性动词
close／open be closed／open
die be dead
leave be away（from）
begin／start be on
finish／end be over
become be
非延续性动词 延续性动词
borrow keep
buy have
join be a member of/be in
fall asleep be asleep
put on wear/be on
catch／get a cold have a cold
续表
活学现用
15.Mary, we don't need to go back. I have _______（turn）off all the
lights already.
16.I _____________ （watch） Huai Opera three times since I came to
Huai'an.
17.So far, he _________ （be） away from his hometown for nearly 10
years.
turned
have watched
has been
二、被动语态
命题点1 被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（用done表示）”构成。常见
的六种时态的被动结构如下表：#1
时态 被动结构 例句
一般现在时 am／is／are+done The flowers are watered
every day.
时态 被动结构 例句
一般过去时 was／were+done （2023省卷;2022省卷） The flying disk was
invented by college
students.
一般将来时 will／shall/be going to+be+done（2025兰州；2023 兰州;2020省卷） The bridge will be
finished in a month.
续表
时态 被动结构 例句
现在进行时 am／is／are+being+done The proposal is being
considered now.
过去进行时 was／were+being+done Mr. Wu was in hospital.
When we went to see
him,he was being
operated on.
续表
时态 被动结构 例句
现在完成时 has／have+been+done The new railway
hasalready been built.
情态动词 情态动词+be+done Teenagers should not be
allowed to drive
according to the law.
续表
活学现用
18.（2025定西模拟）The room ___ just a moment ago. You can enter
in a while.
C
A.cleaned B.was cleaning C.was cleaned D.has cleaned
19.（2025金昌模拟）—Don't put off today's work till tomorrow. I mean,
today's work ___ today.
—OK, Mr. White.
C
A.should do B.may do
C.should be done D.may be done
20.（2025武威模拟）National Day celebrations ___ in about three
months.
A
A.will be held B.will hold C.is held D.was held
命题点2 被动语态的用法
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于以下几种情况：
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。
如：This watch was made in China.
2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
如：Many trees should be planted every year.
3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
4.动作的发出者不是人。
如：Many houses were washed away by the flood.
不能使用被动结构的情况:
1.连系动词，如look, feel, smell, sound等,系动词以主动形式表示被动含义。
2.有些词组的主动形式表示被动含义，如want／require／need doing
（某事需要被做）,be worth doing（值得做某事）等。
3.当主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用于被动语态。
4.表示“发生”的happen和take place,无被动结构。
活学现用
21.（2025张掖模拟）Many road accidents can be ________（avoid） if
we follow traffic rules.
22.（2025兰州模拟）It is _____ （say） that tea was brought to Korea
and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
23.Most people said that this film was worth _________（watch） as it
was really interesting.
avoided
said
watching
同步跟踪训练
真题回顾
1.（2025 省卷）Look! There ___ a notebook and three keys on the desk.
A
A.is B.was C.are D.were
2.（2025 省卷）—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are
broken. What happened
—Sorry, dear. I don't know. I ___ in the kitchen then.
B
A.cook B.was cooking C.have cooked D.will cook
3.（2024省卷）Tom ___ the dog at the moment.
A
A.is walking B.walks C.has walked D.walked
4.（2024临夏州）Many trees ___ every year to protect the environment.
B
A.plant B.are planted C.were planted D.have planted
5.（2023省卷）If you heat ice, it ___ into water.
A
A.turns B.turned C.was turning D.has turned
6.（2024省卷）Tom and his parents ____________ （have） supper
when the phone rang.
7.（2024省卷）Have you ever _____ （try） Chinese food outside of
China
8.（2024省卷）No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all
problems can be _______ （solve） in the end.
9.（2024临夏州）Paper was _________ （invent） in China during the
Han Dynasty.
were having
tried
solved
invented
基础巩固
Ⅰ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.It seems that Han Mei ____________（change） a lot in the last five
years.
2.Our school _________（ hold ） a speech on how to recycle waste
tomorrow afternoon.
3.The Smiths ___________（eat） dinner in the kitchen at 7:00
p.m.yesterday.
4.They will go swimming if it ___________（not rain） this weekend.
5.The story _________ （be） popular with children in China for many
years.
has changed
will hold
were eating
doesn't rain
has been
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示完成句子。（每空限填一词）
1.（2025定西模拟）看！他们正在为老人们打扫房间。
Look！They ____ ________ the rooms for the old people.
are
cleaning
2.没有什么困难能阻止我们成为更好的人。
______ ______ any difficulties that can stop us from growing into better
people.
There
aren't
3.（2025张掖模拟）当我看到这本书时，就使我想起了我的英语老师。
When I saw this book, it _________ me ___ my English teacher.
reminded
of
4.近年来中国发生了巨大变化。
Great changes have ______ ______ in China in the past years.
taken
place
5.当我妈妈昨晚下班回家时，雪正下得很大。
It was _________ ________ when my mother came back home from
work last night.
snowing
heavily
提升训练
Ⅲ.任务型阅读理解
be, burn, realize, stop, go, they,
overcome, experience, walk, feel
My classmates and I 1.______ hiking last weekend. It was a
challenge for us because none of us has ever 2.___________ such a long
journey. It was almost ten kilometers long. At the beginning, we all
3.____ very excited. We talked to each other and sang songs happily.
About two hours later, we became so thirsty and tired that we almost
went
experienced
felt
wanted to give up. But we also wanted to challenge ourselves. The sun
was 4.________ like fire. Each step seemed to become heavier and
heavier, but no one ever thought to stop. We kept 5.________.
At noon, we made it. We were so glad that we couldn't help
shouting and laughing. After an hour, we started to go back home.
When there 6._____ only 1, 500 meters left, a pain suddenly ran through
my whole body. At that moment, I really wanted 7.________. But my
classmates gave me their full support. With 8._____ help, I went home
safely at last. I felt a strong satisfaction of overcoming difficulties.
burning
walking
was
to stop
their
Through this hiking experience, I feel energetic and more confident
to meet challenges in the future, and I 9._______ we are our own
enemies. There's no doubt that we 10.______________ any difficulties if
we have a brave heart and a strong will.#1.3
realize
will overcome

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