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第二部分 语法专题突破
专题十 情态动词
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
同步跟踪训练
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
命题点1 情态动词的类型和特征
1.情态动词的类型
（1）只作情态动词:must, can, could, may, might。
（2）情态动词兼实义动词：need。
（3）情态动词兼助动词：will， would, shall, should。
（4）具有情态动词某些特征的短语：have to, had better, used to, be
able to。
2.情态动词的特征
（1）有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用
构成谓语。
如：I can help you.
（2）无人称和数的变化（have to例外，主语为第三人称单数时用has
to）。
如：We must stay here.
He has to walk home.
（3）后接动词原形。
如：He can speak Japanese.
（4）具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简略答语。
如：—Can we go home now, please
—No, we can't.
活学现用
1.I couldn't _____ （hear） what they were saying.
2.Michael is tired and he _______ （have to） rest after his long trip.
3.You should ______ （check） your homework carefully before handing
it in.
hear
has to
check
4.—Oh, I have a terrible toothache.
—You'd better ___ a doctor and have your bad teeth pulled out.
A
A.see B.to see C.seeing D.seen
命题点2 情态动词的用法
1.can和could的用法#1
含义及用法 例句
can表示能力，意为“能；会”。 （2023省卷;2022省卷）could是can的过 去式，表示过去的能力。 Canyou play basketball
can表示可能性，意为“可能”。 Anything canhappen.
can表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意 为“可以”，相当于 may。 You can/may go now.
含义及用法 例句
could在疑问句中表示委婉的请求。 （2025省卷；2021省卷） Couldyou teach me how to
do that
以can/could开头的一般疑问句，表示请 求，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用 can 和 can't。（2024省卷） —Canyou do it
—Yes, I can./No, I can't.
续表
2.may和might的用法
含义及用法 例句
may/might表推测,意为“可能；也许”。might表 示的可能性更小。 He maynot come
tomorrow.
may/might用于征求同意或表示允许，意为“可 以”。might比may的语气更委婉。 MayI come in
may表示祝愿。 Mayyou succeed!
3.must的用法#3
含义及用法 例句
表示主观看法，意为“必须”。 I mustgo home now.
表示推测，意为“一定”，一般用于 肯定句中。（2024省卷；2020省 卷） —Is there someone knocking on the
door
—It mustbe Jim.
含义及用法 例句
以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答应 用must；否定回答常用needn't，意 为“不需要；不必”，相当于don't have to。 —MustI go home now
—Yes, you must./No, you
needn't/don't have to.
mustn't是must的否定形式，表示 “禁止、不允许”（2025省卷）。 You mustn'tdrive after drinking.
续表
4.need的用法
need作情态动词时，意为“需要”，后跟动词原形，否定形式为needn't，
意为“不必”。
如：You needn't come to school so early.
5.should的用法
（1）表示责任、义务或建议，意为“应该”。（2021省卷）
如：You should stop worrying about it.
（2）表示征询意见，常用于疑问句中。
如：What should I do
6.shall的用法
（1）表示将来，用于第一人称，意为“将要，将会”。
如：This time next week I shall be in Scotland.
（2）表示提出或征求意见，用于第一人称，常用于疑问句中。
如：What shall we do this weekend
7.will/would的用法
（1）表示询问和请求，用于疑问句中，常用于第二人称。
如：Would you send this letter for me, please
（2）表示意志、愿望和决心。
如：They won't lend us any more money.
8.have to的用法
表示由于外界客观需要而不得不做某事，意为“必须，不得不”。
如：Nurses have to wear a uniform.
9.had better的用法
had better do sth.表示“最好做某事”，否定形式为:had better not do
sth.。
如：You'd better stay at home.
【拓展】
（1）can/could 和 be able to 的区别
词汇（组） 用法 例句
can/could 只用于一般现在时 （can）和一般过去时 （could）。 Jim couldn'tspeak Chinese last
year, but now he can.
be able to 可用于多种时态。 We willbe able tocome back next
week.
（2）could, should, would, might等有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉、
更客气的语气。
如：Couldyou tell me the way to the park
（3）must和have to的区别
词汇（组） 含义及用法 例句
must 表示主观意愿，意为“必 须”。 We muststudy hard at
school.
have to 用于强调客观需要，意为“必 须;不得不”。 We'll have to ask Zhang
Hong.
（4）can't和mustn't的区别
词汇 含义及用法 例句
can't 表示否定推测，意为“一 定不，不可能”。 He can'tbe Jim.
mustn't 表示“禁止;不允许”，不 能用来表示推测。 You mustn'tplay soccer in the
street.
活学现用
5.
mustn't shall can needn't could
（1）—I have nothing to do this evening. ______ we go for a walk
—That's a good idea.
Shall
（2）— _______ you give me a hand I can't move the box by myself.
—No problem.
Could
（3）According to the traffic rules, children under 12 ________ ride
bicycles on the road.
（4）With family doctors, patients of all ages ____ receive basic health
care at home.
mustn't
can
（5）—How is the weather today
—It's hot. You _______ wear the coat.
needn't
同步跟踪训练
真题回顾
1.（2025 省卷） ___ you turn down the TV, please I'm trying to work.
A
A.Could B.Must C.Might D.Should
2.（2024省卷）—You ___ be very tired after finishing all of those hard
jobs.
—Yes. I'll take a deep rest and make myself comfortable.
C
A.may B.may not C.must D.can't
3.（2023省卷）—I ___ find my keys.
—Have you checked in your jacket pockets
C
A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.can't D.wouldn't
4.（2020省卷）You haven't eaten all day. You ___ be very hungry.
D
A.couldn't be B.can't C.might D.must
5.（2025 省卷）People mustn't _______ （smoke）in public places.
smoke
6.（2021甘南州）请给我买张票好吗？
_______ you _______ get me a ticket
Could
please
基础巩固
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
1.—Samuel, which club will you choose
—Uh… I ___ choose the dancing club. I have to ask Miss Li for
advice and then decide.
A
A.may B.must C.can D.should
2.—Whose dictionary is this
—It ___ be Jeff's. Look! His name is on Page One.
A
A.must B.need C.can't D.shall
3.We ___ try our best to fight against pollution.
A
A.should B.may C.mustn't D.needn't
4.—Kevin, where is the book The Daydreamer
—I'm not sure. It ___ be on the coffee table in the living room.
B
A.must B.might C.will D.could
5.—Must we finish doing the project today
—No, you ___.Next week is OK.
C
A.can't B.may not C.needn't D.mustn't
6.You ___ eat food here! Look at the sign. It says “No eating”.
C
A.must B.need C.mustn't D.needn't
7.—Can you go swimming with us this afternoon
—Sorry, I can't. I ___ look after my little sister at home.
C
A.can B.may C.have to D.had better
8.— ___ we go out to buy some cakes I'm a bit hungry.
—Sounds good. Let's go now.
B
A.Must B.Shall C.Wouldn't D.Needn't
9.Everyone is talking about the new AI app. It ___ be very interesting.
C
A.can B.may C.must D.might
10.—The woman in red over there looks like our English teacher.
—It ___ be her. She has gone to the U.S.
A
A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.shouldn't
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。
1.You _________ （should） push your way onto a bus.
2.You _______ （need） come if you are busy. We can solve it by
ourselves.
3.It is rush hour, so you'd better _______ （not be） too careless.
4.Managing time successfully can _____ （lead） us to have a better
control of life.
5.Because of the bad weather, they _______ （have to） cancel their trip
to Beijing yesterday.
shouldn't
needn't
not be
lead
had to
提升训练
Ⅲ.任务型完形填空
must, may not, will, could, shouldn't
As the saying goes, “Life is like a box of
chocolates. You never know what you 1._____ get.”#1.1.1
will
may not
During our preparation for zhongkao, we 2._________ avoid the
bitter（苦的） chocolate. The bitterness comes from many things, like
getting up early, doing all kinds of exercises and so on.#1.1.2
But when we taste the bitterness carefully, we will be surprised to
discover some sweetness in it. The sweetness comes from the people
who love us. The first 3.______ be our parents. They helped us to tidy
up our rooms and prepare delicious meals. Besides, we want to express
thanks to our teachers. They helped us to bring out the best in ourselves.
Also, we 4._________ forget our classmates. They helped us to keep
moving when we wanted to give up. With the help of all of them,
we5.______ achieve so much in our life.
And life is the same. Bitterness is just the outside, but the
sweetness is the inside. When we think life is not what we expect, we
can look to the bright side and will find something nice.#1.1.4
must
shouldn't
could

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