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第二部分 语法专题突破
专题十二 简单句
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
同步跟踪训练
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
命题点1 祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词
用原形，有时为了表示委婉和礼貌，常在句末加please，句末用感叹号或
句号，读降调。
1.祈使句的肯定和否定句式
如：Be careful when crossing the street.
Let me have a try.
No Photos!
Don't speak！
Let's not waste time.
2.祈使句的答语
以Let's开头的祈使句，答语常用“Good idea./OK./Yes, I'd love to.”等。
其他祈使句的答语常用“Yes/OK, I will.”等。
如：—Let's take a walk in the park.
—Good idea.
—Open the window.
—OK, I will.
3.祈使句+and／or+结果状语从句（2025省卷）
如：Work harder, and you'll get better grades.
Hurry up, or you will be late for the meeting.
祈使句,无主语,动词原形作开始；
Do, Be, Let三种形式,委婉请求用“请”字；
否定句式很简单,“Don't”打头最常见。
活学现用
1.Don't _____ （litter） everywhere. Keep the park clean!
2. _______ （spend） more time with your family, and you will feel the
happiness.
litter
Spend
命题点2 疑问句
1.一般疑问句
概念 结构
用yes或no回答的疑问句叫 作一般疑问句。 Be+主语+其他？
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？
助动词+主语+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词+
其他？
2.特殊疑问句
（1）概念
以特殊疑问词（组）开头的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句不能用
yes或no回答。
（2）结构
①特殊疑问词（组）+be动词+主语（+其他）
②特殊疑问词（组）+助动词+主语+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词
（+其他）？
③特殊疑问词（组）+情态动词+主语+动词原形（+其他）？
（3）常见的特殊疑问词（组）
疑问代词 用法
who/whom 询问身份
which 询问哪一个
what 询问事物、职业或身份等
whose 询问所属关系
疑问副词（词组） 用法
when（2024省卷） 询问时间
where 询问地点
why 询问原因
how 询问方式
how long（2024省卷） 询问长度；询问时间段，“多长时间”
how often（2024临夏州） 询问频率，“多久一次”
how soon 询问“in + 时间段”短语，“多久以后”
续表
疑问副词（词组） 用法
how many 询问可数名词的数量
how much（2025省卷） 询问价格或不可数名词的数量
how far 询问距离
how heavy 询问重量
how wide 询问宽度
how tall/high 询问高度
how old 询问年龄
续表
3.选择疑问句
概念 结构
对问题给出两个或两个以上答案， 供对方选择其一的疑问句。 一般疑问句+or+选择项？
特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项？
回答选择疑问句时，一般用一个完整的陈述句或其简略形式，主语和谓语
均省略，但不能用yes/no来回答。常有以下几种方式回答：
1.从备选对象中选择其中某一项回答。
如：—Can you sing or dance
—I can sing.
2.备选对象是二者，可任选其一用either；两个对象都选用both；两个对象
都不选用neither。
如：—Would you like tea or coffee
—Neither. Only a cup of water.
3.如果备选对象是三者，可任选其一时，用one of them（他〈它、她〉们
中任意之一）；三个对象都选用all；三个对象都不选用none。
如：—Which do you like best, basketball, soccer or volleyball
—None. I only like table tennis.
活学现用
3.— ___ will our zoo tour end
—In about one hour, according to the keeper.
B
A.How much B.How soon C.How far D.How often
4.— ___ does it take to get to the museum
—About half an hour.
A
A.How long B.What C.How far D.Why
命题点3 感叹句
引导词 结构 例句
what What+a／an+形容词+可数名词单数 （+主语+谓语）！（2024临夏州） What a beautiful
present it is!
What+形容词+可数名词复数／不可数 名词（+主语+谓语）！ Whatinteresting
books they are!
Whatnice music it
is!
引导词 结构 例句
how How+形容词／副词（+主语+谓 语）！（2025省卷；2024省卷） Howfine the weather
is！
How+形容词+a／an+可数名词单数 （+主语+谓语）！ Howbeautiful a
present!
续表
活学现用
5.
what how
（1） ______ useful advice you gave me! It helped me a lot.
（2） ______ wonderful the smart restaurant is! People can order without
any waiters.
What
How
命题点4 主谓一致
主谓一致指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。一般有三个
原则，即：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
1.语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。#1.1.1
主语 谓语 例句
单数名词、代词或不可 数名词 单数 The young man isfrom Zhengzhou.
主语 谓语 例句
动词不定式短语、动名 词短语或从句 单数 Readingin bed isbad for your eyes.
What he said is very important to us
all.
复数名词或代词 复数 The children werein the classroom two
hours ago.
续表
主语 谓语 例句 由连接词and连接的并列 主语 复数 两个词指不同的 人或物 The boy and the girl
weresurprised when
they heard the news.
单数 两个词指同一个 人或物 The writer and actor
hascome.
续表
主语 谓语 例句
主语后面跟有with,together with,along with,except,but,like,as well as,rather than,besides,including等词 取决于主 语的数 Everyone exceptJim
and Tim hasa new
book.
either, neither,each, every或no+单数 名词，以及由some-, any-, no-, every-构成的复合不定代词 单数 Eachof us hasa new
book.
续表
主语 谓语 例句
由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of+名词”构成的短语 取决于of短 语后面的 名词的数 There are a lot of
people in the
classroom.
由“分数/百分数+of+名词”构成的短语 50% of the students
in our class are girls.
定语从句关系代词that, who, which 与先行词 的数一致 He is one of my
friends who are
working hard.
续表
1.a number of “许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数；the
number of “……的数量”，中心词是number，谓语动词用单数。
2.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如：Here comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.#1.1.1.2.2.2
2.意义一致原则
意义一致指谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。#1.2.1
主语 谓语 例句
集体名词 （family/class/team/ group/public等） 取决于主语的 意义 The family areall fond of
football.
The family isthe tiniest cell of
the society.
集合名词 （people/police等） 复数 The police arehelping a girl
find her mother.
主语 谓语 例句
the+姓氏复数，表示 “……一家/……夫妇” 复数 The Blacks enjoyworking in
China.
the+某些形容词，表示 一类人 复数 The blind studyin special
schools.
表示时间、重量、长 度、距离、价值等名词 的复数表达整体概念 单数 Thirty minutes isenough to
finish the work.
续表
3.就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致，也可叫
“就近原则”。
常见的搭配有：There be, not only…but also…, neither…nor…,
either…or…等。
如：Neither you nor he has been to that city.
活学现用
6.Lily together with her sisters often _____ （go） to the cinema at
weekends.
7.Look! Julia as well as her sisters ___ （be） flying a kite on the
playground.
goes
is
命题点5 There be 句型
1.There + be +sb./sth.+地点状语，表示“某处有某人/物”。（2025省卷；
2024省卷；2022省卷）be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语
部分是两个或两个以上的并列主语，be动词一般和邻近的主语的人称和数
保持一致。
如：There is a book and two dictionaries on the desk.
2.There be句型的否定形式是在be动词后加not, not any或no。
如：There is no milk in the cup.
3.There be句型的一般疑问句是把be动词提到句首。
如：Is there any water in the bottle
活学现用
8.纵有疾风，永不言弃。
Don't give up even if ______ ___ a strong wind in life.
there
is
9.When my dad was a child, there ______ （be） no TVs or computers
at home.
10.In the library, there ____ a number of books on the science and the
number of them ___ growing larger and larger.（be）
were
are
is
同步跟踪训练
真题回顾
1.（2025 省卷）— ___ are the trousers
—20 pounds.
D
A.How many B.How long C.How far D.How much
2.（2024省卷）— ___ was the zipper invented
—In 1893.
A
A.When B.How C.Why D.Where
3.（2024省卷）—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There
___ heavy rain this afternoon.
—Don't worry, Mom. I'll bring it to him.
D
A.was B.has been C.are D.will be
4.（2024省卷）— ___ have you been learning English
—For 7 years.
B
A.How old B.How long C.How often D.How big
5.（2024临夏州）— ___ wonderful experience our family had in the
Mogao Caves!
—I'm glad you had a good time.
D
A.What B.How C.How a D.What a
6.（2025省卷）红灯时请不要横穿马路。
______ ______ the road when the traffic lights are red.
Don't
cross
7.（2025省卷）终身学习真是太重要了！
______ _________ lifelong learning is!
How
important
基础巩固
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
1.— ___ do you learn these words by heart
—By using them in different ways.
B
A.When B.How C.Why D.Where
2.— ___ will the new bridge be completed
—In about two months.
C
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How far
3. ___ what you have learned as much as you can, and you'll be a good
learner.
D
A.To practice B.Practicing C.Practiced D.Practice
4.—All of my classmates have passed the English test.
— ___ exciting news it is!
B
A.How B.What C.What an D.What a
5. ___ lovely the day is! Why not go out for a walk
C
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.These pets _______ （require） a lot of care and attention. Think
twice about keeping them.
2.It ________ （remain） unknown whether this idea can be put into
practice.
3.There ___ （be）a cup and two bottles on the table.
4.The sign on the wall says“No __________（swim）”.So you'd better
not swim.
5.Peter, _____（look） carefully before crossing the street!
require
remains
is
swimming
look
6.Not only my parents but also I ____（be） going to stay at home this
weekend.
7.It's clean and beautiful now, but in the past there _____ （be） a lot
of pollution.
8.Everyone ___________（move） deeply after they heard the old man's
story.
am
was
was moved

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