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第二部分 语法专题突破
专题十三 复合句
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
同步跟踪训练
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
命题点1 宾语从句
◆宾语从句的引导词及其作用
引导词 作用 例句
that 在从句中不充当任何成分，只 起连接作用,可省略。 He said （that）
Kate was good at
swimming.
引导词 作用 例句
what, which, who, whose, whom等 在从句中作一定的成分,如主 语、宾语、定语等，不可省 略。 I don't know
whatthey are going
to do.
续表
引导词 作用 例句
when （2025省 卷）,where,why,how 等 在从句中作状语，不可省略。 Could you tell me
whereyou are from
if／whether 意为“是否”,不作句子成分,但 不能省略。 He asked me ifMiss
Wei was a teacher.
续表
宾语从句中只能用whether的情况：
1.与or not连用时。
如：People are talking about whether having zoos is good or not.
2.引导介词后的宾语从句时。
如：I might go to see the movie this weekend, but it depends on
whether I can finish my homework.
3.与to do连用时。
如：We haven't decided whether to take the family trip to Holland
Flower Park.
◆宾语从句的语序
从句部分的语序用陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。
（2022省卷）
如：Do you know what Kate's email address is
◆宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成
时）,那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
He has told me that he'll leave for New York tomorrow.
2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时）,那么宾语
从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来
时、过去完成时）。
如：He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是过去的某种时态,从
句也要用一般现在时。
如：He told me that the earth goes around the sun.
◆宾语从句的简化
1.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,
remember, forget, learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如：She doesn't know what she should do next.=She doesn't know what
to do next.
2.当主句的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句
的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如：Will you please show me how I can work it out =Will you please
show me how to work it out
宾语从句符合以下三个条件时，宾语从句中的否定词需前移到主句中。
1.主句的主语是第一人称；
2.主句是一般现在时；
3.主句的谓语动词是看法类或感觉类的词，如：think, believe, suppose,
imagine, expect, feel等。
如：I think he is right.
I don't think he is right.
活学现用
1.Our teacher told us that light _______ （travel） much faster than
sound.
travels
2.
whether what when how
（1）—I wonder _____ I can protect my eyes.
—You should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time.
how
（2）—Excuse me, do you know ______ Tom will arrive tomorrow
—Sorry, I don't know the exact time.
when
（3）I don't know ________ he has been to Beijing or not.
（4）The teacher asked us ______ we had learned during the AI
technology exhibition.
whether
what
命题点2 定语从句
◆关系代词的基本用法
关系词 功能 先行词 例句
that （2022省 卷） 主语、宾语 （可省略）、表 语（可省略） 人、物 Do you know the girl who／
that often comes here
who 主语、宾语 （可省略） 人 He is the man whowants to
see you.
关系词 功能 先行词 例句
whom 宾语（可省略） 人 He's the boy（whom） I
talked with just now.
which 主语、宾语 （可省略）、表 语 事、物 A dictionary is a book
whichgives the meaning of
words.
whose 定语 人、物 What's the name of the boy
whosefather is a doctor
续表
1.当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
如：He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.
2.只能用关系代词that的几种情况：
（1）先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any,
little, the one等或被这些词修饰时。
如：Is there anything that I can do for you
（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
如：He was the first person that passed the exam.
（3）先行词被the only, the very等修饰时。
如：The only thing that I want to do is to have a rest.
（4）先行词既有人又有物时。
如：The film star and her film that you have just talked about are
really well-known.
（5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。
如：Who is the man that is standing over there
◆关系副词的基本用法
关系词 成分 功能 例句
when 时间状语 时间 I still remember the day whenour new
school was built.
where 地点状语 地点 This is the place whereI studied last
year.
why 原因状语 原因 Please tell me the reason whyyou are
late.
活学现用
3.
that which who whose
（1）Do you know the boy _______ mother is an excellent actress
（2）This is the biggest laboratory _____ we have ever built in our
school.
（3）Kunming is a popular city __________ is famous for its beautiful
scenery.
（4）If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing _____ can't be
achieved.
（5）The story is about a teenager _________ never gives up his dream.
whose
that
which/that
that
who/that
命题点3 状语从句
类别 引导词 例句
时间状 语从句 when（2025兰州）／while／as 当……时； since 自从（……到现在）；until／till 直 到……；as soon as 一……就……；after 在……之后；before 在……之前 I was doing my
homework
whenhe came.
类别 引导词 例句
条件状语从句 if 如果；as long as 只 要；unless 除非 We'll go to see you ifwe are
free.
原因状语从句 because 因为； since 既然； as 由于 Sinceeveryone is here, let's
begin the meeting.
续表
类别 引导词 例句
目的状语从句 so that 以便,为了； in order that 为了 Please speak slowly so that
we can follow you.
结果状语从句 so… that…／such… that… 如此……以至于…… We got up solate thatwe
missed the early bus.
续表
类别 引导词 例句
让步状语从句 although／though 尽管； even if/though 即使； whatever 无论什么； wherever 无论哪里； whenever 无论何时； whether 不管 The air is around us,
thoughwe can't see it.
续表
类别 引导词 例句
比较状语从句 than 比；as…as… 和…… 一样；not so／as…as… 不如…… It was much better thanI'd
expected.
方式状语从句 as 像,如；as if 好像 We did asthe teacher told
us.
地点状语从句 where 哪里；wherever 无 论哪里 Wherethere is a will, there
is a way.
续表
活学现用
4.
though until unless that since
（1） ______ you are free today, could you help me with housework
（2）She didn't go to sleep _____she solved the difficult math problem.
（3）We will never know what goal we can achieve _______ we try
our best.
（4）Cathy is always full of hope, _______ she has got into trouble
many times during her life.
（5）The cake is so delicious _____ I enjoy it very much.
Since
until
unless
though
that
同步跟踪训练
真题回顾
1.（2025 省卷）—Excuse me, do you know ___
—Sure. It's at 9:00 a.m. next Monday.
C
A.where I can find a supermarket
B.what happened after that
C.when the concert will start
D.who is the winner of the race
2.（2024省卷）Linda prefers musicians who ___ different kinds of music.
A
A.play B.plays C.was playing D.is playing
3.（2023省卷）—Do you know ___
—Yes, there's one here. It's in the store.
D
A.whom he is talking with
B.when I can get to the hotel
C.how to use the machine
D.if there's a restroom around here
4.（2022省卷）I wonder ___.
C
A.that April is the hottest month in Thailand
B.do you know where I can buy some medicine
C.whether June is a good time to visit Gansu
D.how can I improve my pronunciation
5.（2022省卷）On Monday April 15, 2019, the fire ___ broke out in
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world.
A
A.that B.who C.where D.whose
基础巩固
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
1.The TV play Journey to the West is ____ interesting ________ I
would like to watch it again.
A.such; that B.too; to C.so; that D.too; that
C
2.We'd better take action to solve a problem ___ it gets worse.
A
A.before B.after C.until D.since
3.—Jack, have you done the survey
—Not yet. I am in New York now. I'll start it ___ I come back.
B
A.whenever B.as soon as C.before D.after
4. ___ it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
D
A.However B.Because C.Unless D.Although
5.—Nowadays, WeChat is very popular among friends.
—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ___ people like.
A
A.that B.which C.who D.whom
6.—Linda, do you know ___ when you are in trouble
—Yes. I can ask my parents, teachers and other adults I trust.
C
A.who can you ask for help B.how can you ask for help
C.who you can ask for help D.how you can ask for help
7.Home is always a place ___ you can feel love and warmth whatever
problems you face.
B
A.which B.where C.when D.what
8.Don't you know Neil Armstrong ___ was the first man to walk on the
moon
C
A.which B.whether C.who D.whom
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示完成句子。（每空限填一词）
1.井干方知水珍贵。
We ______ know the worth of water _____ the well is dry.
don't
until
2.我一到上海就给你打电话。
I'll call you ___ ______ as I arrive in Shanghai.
as
soon
3.我认为他不会来。
I ______ think he _____ come.
don't
will
4.为了赶上早班车他起得很早。
He got up early ____ _____ he could catch the early bus.
so
that
5.尽管电子产品被广泛使用，人们仍然需要纸质书。
______ _________ electronics are widely used, people still need printed
books.
Even
though/if
提升训练
Ⅲ.任务型完形填空
which, what, if, when, because, whether
Last March I lost my camera . .1. . my parents bought for me while
I was on a school trip. I left it on the bus on the way back to our
school. I called the bus company the next day to check . .2. .they could
find it, but it wasn't there. My parents got really angry and told me they
couldn't buy me a new one.
I knew they were right, so I decided I would get one by myself. I
started thinking of ways to make and save money. My parents usually
give me ￡8 every week, so the first thing I did was to keep the money
in the small box on the bookcase.
I also offered to help my uncle Alan. He's often away for work but
he can't take his dog with him. I started to look after his dog . .3. . he
wasn't at home. After some time, my uncle's neighbors saw me. They
asked me . .4. . I could help with their cats, dogs and rabbits or not. So,
I started working for three families living across the street.
In less than three months I had enough money to buy a new
camera. It was the same as the one I had lost, but to me it was much
nicer. I paid for it with the money I made and it felt very different.
This experience teaches me . .5. . it means to work hard and I learn that
you must be careful with the things you have, . .6. . they take a lot of
hard work.#1.4
1. _______
2. ___
3. ______
4. ________
5. ______
6. ________
which
if
when
whether
what
because

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