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第二部分 语法专题突破
专题六 介词及介词短语
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
同步跟踪训练
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
命题点1 介词的基本用法
◆时间介词
1.at, in, on 和during#1
介词 用法 示例
at at+具体时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜 等。（2024省卷） at6 o'clock
atnoon
介词 用法 示例
in in+世纪、年代、年份、季节、月份或泛指 的上午、下午和晚上。（2024兰州） in+一段时间，表示“多久之后”，常用于将 来时，用how soon提问。 inthe 21st century
in2025
inthe morning
in2 years
on on+具体某天或具体某天的上午、下午和 晚上。（2023省卷） onMonday
onMay 1st
ona cold morning
during “在……期间”，表示特定的一段时间。 duringthe holiday
续表
2.since，for和from
介词 用法 示例
since since+（过去）时间点，意为“自 从……”，常与现在完成时连用。 I've learned English since5
years ago.
for for+一段时间，表示“多长时间”，常 用于现在完成时。 I have had this bike for3
years.
from 说明开始时间，常与to连用，表示动 作的起止时间。 We go to school
fromMonday toFriday.
3.其他时间介词#3
介词 用法 示例
before “在……之前”（2022省卷） Please brush your teeth
beforebreakfast.
after “在……之后”（2021省卷） I will play football with my
brother afterdinner.
介词 用法 示例
until 用于肯定句中，意为“直到…… 为止”，谓语动词为延续性动 词；用于否定句中，构成 not…until…结构，意为“直 到……才……”。 He will be studying until6
o'clock.
Sam won'tleave untilnext
Sunday.
续表
◆方位介词
1.at, on和in#1
介词 用法 示例
at 在较小的场所（建筑物、公共 机关等）。 athome
atthe station
用于门牌号码前。 at403 Book Street
介词 用法 示例
on “在……上”，两者表面相接 触。（2023省卷；2022省卷） onthe floor
在任何广阔的面上。 onthe farm／moon
与线的接触,可译为“在”“接 近”“紧挨”等。 Wuhan stands onthe Yangtze
River.
续表
介词 用法 示例
in 在较大的地方（国家、城市、 乡镇、水域等）。 （2023省卷） inGansu
inChina
inAsia
在立体空间里（即四面八方都 有东西环绕的地方）。 ina forest
inthe classroom
inhis schoolbag
用于固定搭配。 inthe sky
inspace
续表
2.over和above
介词 用法 示例
over “在……正上方”,表示两者不接触, 其反义词为under “在……正下 方”。 There is a bridge overthe
river.
above “在……的上方”,表示两者不接触, 且不一定垂直,其反义词为 below“在……的下方”。 Raise your arms aboveyour
head.
3.across, through和over
介词 用法 示例
across “横过”，表示在表面上通过。 Be careful when you walk
acrossthe road.
through “穿过；从……中通过”，含有 从物体内部通过的意思。 He went straight
throughthat window and
left.
over “越过”，含有从某一物体表面 之上或范围之上“通过；超过” 的意思。 Look! He is jumping
overthe last hurdle.
4.in front of和in the front of
介词短语 用法 示例
in front of “在……前面”，指物体外部 的前面，反义词是 behind“在……后面”。 There are some students
standing in front of our
library.
in the front of “在……前面”，指物体内部 的前面。 Our teacher stands in the
front of the classroom.
5.其他方位介词
介词 用法 示例
along “沿着；顺着” walk alongthe road
around “围绕；环绕； 到处；向各处” aroundthe world
He put his arms aroundher.
behind “在……后面” （2020省卷） There is an umbrella behindthe door.
介词 用法 示例
near “在……附近” The beautiful house nearthe sea belongs to
that old couple.
beside “在……旁边”， 相当于next to。 The girl besideme is a volunteer for our
community.
续表
◆方式介词
介词 用法 示例
in 用语言、声音、原材料。 inEnglish
ina low voice
with 用具体有形的东西，后接表 示工具或身体部位的词。 My dream is to be a writer, and
then I can describe things witha
pen.
by 用……手段或方式，后接动 名词或交通工具。 bywatching English movies
bybike
◆其他常见介词
介词 用法 示例
about 关于 a book aboutanimals
against 反对；紧靠；倚； （体育竞赛）…… 对…… againstthe wall
as 像；如同；作为；当作 They were all dressed asclowns.
by 靠近；由于；不迟于； 被 a house bythe river
He was knocked down bya bus.
介词 用法 示例
for 为了；（表示对象、用 途等）给，对；支持； 因为（2021省卷） It's a book forchildren.
Are you foror against the plan
including 包括……在内 I've got three days' holiday
includingNew Year's Day.
like 像；例如 Don't look at me likethat.
续表
介词 用法 示例
through 自始至终；凭借 througha concert
You can only achieve success
throughhard work.
with 和；有，带有 a man witha suitcase
without 没有；缺乏 withoutdoubt
续表
between和among#2.1
介词 用法
between 在两者之间，常与and连接。（2024省卷）
among 在（三者或三者以上）之间。
活学现用
1.（2025陇南模拟）We plan to visit Beijing ___ August and we're going
to stay there for three days.
B
A.on B.in C.at D.up
2.I prefer coffee ___ milk in it.
D
A.in B.over C.under D.with
3.（2025武威模拟）—How do you study ____ a test
—I study ________ working with a group.
A.for; by B.by; in C.for; from D.of; by
A
命题点2 介词短语
1.介词与名词的固定搭配
（1）at+名词
at birth 出生时 at last 最后
at once 立刻 at present 目前
at table 就餐 at times 偶尔；有时
at the same time 同时
at the age of 在……岁时
at the cost of 以……为代价
（2）by+名词
by hand 手工
by chance 偶然
by the way 顺便说一下
by mistake 错误地；无意中
（3）in+名词
in time 及时 in public 当众
in trouble 处于困境 in silence 安静地
in person 亲自 in surprise 惊讶地
in danger 处于危险之中
in line 成一直线；排队（2020兰州）#1.3.5
in a word 总而言之
in this way 用这种方法
in a hurry 匆忙（2021省卷）
in the end 最后
in the future 在将来
in the face of 面对；面临#1.3.11
（4）on+名词
on time 准时 on foot 步行
on duty 值日 on sale 特价销售
on the way to 在去……的路上（2023兰州）
on display/show 陈列；展览
（5）其他
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 失控
out of danger 脱离危险
without doubt 毫无疑问
2.介词与形容词的固定搭配
be sure about/of 肯定；确定
be born with 天生具有
注：更多介词与形容词的固定搭配详见《专题七 形容词和副词》。
3.介词与动词的固定搭配
look around 环顾四周
talk with 与……交谈
注：更多介词与动词的固定搭配详见《专题八 动词及动词短语》。
活学现用
4.（2025天水模拟）妇女节和植树节都在三月。
Both Women's Day and Tree Planting Day ____ ___ March.
are
in
5.（2025酒泉模拟）这个孩子小的时候就对汽车感兴趣。
The child became _________ ___ cars when he was young.
interested
in
同步跟踪训练
真题回顾
1.（2024临夏州）The health website provides a lot of useful advice ___
teenagers.
B
A.with B.for C.to D.on
2.（2023省卷）The cat in Picture ___ is on the box.
B
A. B. C. D.
3.（2023甘南州）The twenty-fourth Olympic Winter Games were held
____ February 2nd, 2022. Many people watched them ________ TV.
A.in; on B.in; in C.on; on
C
4.（2022甘南州）事实上，他是一个好搭档。
___ _____, he is a good partner.
In
fact
5.（2022甘南州）所有的这些比赛都有一个共同点。
All these competitions have one thing ___ _________.
in
common
基础巩固
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
1.（2025张掖模拟）The group of volunteers arrived ____ a poor town
________ a rainy morning.
A.in; at B.at; on C.at; in D.in; in
B
2.My father often goes to work ____ bike, but sometimes he goes
________ foot.
A.by; by B.on; on C.by; on D.on; by
C
Ⅱ.用所给汉语提示完成句子。（每空限填一词）
1.最终，机器狗的表演惊艳全场，赢得赞誉。
____ ____, the robot dog's amazing performance surprised everyone and
won praise.
At
last
2.目前为止，我已独自去过中国的许多地方。
So far, I have been to many places of China ____ _______.
by
myself
3.目前许多动物都处于危险中。
At present, many animals are ___ _______.
in
danger
4.房子前面有一棵树。
There is a tree in ______ ___ the house.
front
of
5.Tom昨天在街上偶然遇到了他的老朋友。
Tom met his old friend ____ ______________ on the street yesterday.
by
accident/chance
提升训练
Ⅲ.任务型完形填空
to, at, on, in, for,from, such as, into
Every year, 1.____ January 5th, the city of Harbin in northeast
China changes 2._____ a winter wonderland. Tourists 3.______ all around
the world come to visit this wonderful ice and snow festival.
The festival started in 1963 and began as a winter party. The
festival often lasts 4.____ one month. However, if the weather stays cold
and dry, it will go on for a few more days. Temperatures are usually
very cold. They can go down 5.___-17 .
on
into
from
for
to
Ice sculptors（雕塑家） use different tools to carve the hard ice.
These sculptors display their works 6.___ two main areas.“Sun Island”
has huge snow sculptures of people and animals.“Ice and Snow World”
has sculptures of buildings. 7.____night, these buildings light up with
brightly-colored lights.
Visitors can do a lot of other activities, 8.________ skiing and ice
sliding. They can also go swimming in the icy waters of the Songhua
River.#1.4
in
At
such as

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