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第二部分 语法专题突破
专题十一 非谓语动词
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
同步跟踪训练
知识结构图解
中考命题点聚焦
命题点1 动词不定式
1.动词不定式（to do）的用法#1
功能 用法 例句
作主语 常用it作形式主语,而把不定式后 置，谓语动词要用第三人称单数 形式。常用句型：It's+adj.+ （for／of sb.） to do sth. It's nice of you to
takepictures for us.
功能 用法 例句
作表语 常位于系动词be之后。 To see is to believe.
作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语。 I decided to visit
Lanzhou in July.
作定语 常置于被修饰的名词之后,作后置 定语。 I am not free now. I have
lots of things to do.
续表
功能 用法 例句
作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因 状语。 Paul is too excited to say
anything.
作宾语补 足语 一般只作某些动词的宾语补足 语。 My mother asked me to
buy some milk.
续表
●常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：#1.1.1
would like／want to do 想要做…… like to do 喜欢做…… agree to do
同意做……
hope／wish to do 希望做…… decide to do 决定做…… try to do
尽力做……
begin／start to do 开始做…… expect to do 期望做…… refuse to do
拒绝做……
afford to do 有能力做…… learn to do 学习做…… plan to do
计划做……
prefer to do 更喜欢做…… continue to do 继续做…… promise to do
承诺做……
如：I would like to have a cup of tea.#1.1.1.2
续表
●常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：#1.1.2
tell sb.to do告诉某 人做…… ask sb.to do要求某人 做……（2025省卷； 2022省卷） warn sb.to do警告某人
做……
invite sb.to do邀请 某人做…… want sb.to do想要某人 做…… teach sb.to do教某人
做……
allow sb.to do允许 某人做…… force sb.to do强迫某人 做…… expect sb.to do期望某人
做……（2023省卷；
2020省卷）
help sb.to do帮助某 人做…… advise sb.to do建议某人 做…… encourage sb.to do鼓励
某人做……
如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.#1.1.2.2
续表
2.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法
（1）动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语或宾语。
如：When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.（作主语）
I haven't decided yet when to leave.（作宾语）
（2）“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。
如：Can you tell me where to get the scarf =Can you tell me where I
can get the scarf
3.动词不定式的特殊句型#3
句型 例句
had better （not） do sth.最好 （不要）做某事 You had better go home and rest
up a little.
prefer to do sth.rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer to take a course rather
than kill time at home.
adj.+ enough to do sth.足够……做 某事 The hall is big enough to hold200
people.
句型 例句
too…to do sth. 太……而不能做某 事 The hot pot is toohot to eat.
It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间 It takes me thirty minutes to goto
work by subway every day.
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人 做某事了 It's your turn to cook dinner.
续表
在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel等词后，
要把不定式结构中的to省略。但是用于被动语态时，必须带to。
如：We saw him run away just now.=He was seen to run away by us
just now.#3.2.2
活学现用
1.（2025平凉模拟）Jack doesn't know how _________ （begin） to
make new friends.
to begin
2.—Would you like to go hiking with me this afternoon
—I'd love to, but I have too much homework ______ （do）.
to do
3.Our English teacher asks us _________（spend） at least one hour
listening to tapes every day.
4.Beijing is trying to build more and more pocket parks ___________
（improve） people's living environment.
to spend
to improve
命题点2 动名词
1.动名词（v.-ing）的用法
功能 用法 例句
作主语 单个动名词（短语）作主语 时，谓语动词用第三人称单数 形式。（2025兰州） Readingin bed is not good
for your eyes.
作表语 多数情况下可以转化为作主 语。 His favorite sport is
playingping-pong.
功能 用法 例句
作宾语 作动词宾语，多用来表示习惯 性动作。 I like playingfootball very
much.
作介词宾语，多表示抽象行 为。（2024省卷;2023兰州） Stamps are used for
sendingletters.
作定语 常放在名词前，表示用途。 Visitors may use the
swimmingpool before 7 p.m.
续表
英语中有一些词（组）后面常跟动名词作宾语。例如：avoid“避免”；
enjoy“喜欢”（2022省卷）；imagine“想象”；finish“完成”；keep“保持”；
practice“练习”；mind“介意”（2020省卷）；suggest“建议”；can't
help/stand“禁不住”；end up“最终”；feel like“想要”；be used to“习惯于”；
be busy“忙于”；look forward to“盼望”（2025省卷；2023省卷）；give
up“放弃”；put off“推迟”等。
如:Have you finished translating the passage
2.动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别
有些动词既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同。
stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做（另一件事）
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）
remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）
remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）
sth.need doing sth.某事需要被做（被动含义）
sb.need to do sth.某人需要去做某事（主动含义）
regret doing sth.后悔做了某事（已做）
regret to do sth.遗憾做某事（未做）
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算或想做某事
go on doing sth.继续做（同一件事）
go on to do sth.继续去做（另一件事）
如：I regret to tell you a piece of bad news.
I regret talking back to my mom.
动名词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：感官动词如see, watch, notice,
hear等，接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，常表示动作发生的全过程或经
常性的动作；接动名词作宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行。
如：I see John playing basketball on the playground.（“打篮球”这个动
作正在进行。）
I often see John play basketball on the playground.（“打篮球”这个动作
经常发生，但是现在未必在打。）
活学现用
5.I think _________ （drink） milk every day is good for our health.
6.Helen has no difficulty in ______________ （communicate） with
foreigners.
7.Fred is busy _________（prepare） for the marathon in his city.
drinking
communicating
preparing
同步跟踪训练
真题回顾
1.（2025 省卷）Students are asked ______ （do）this task by
themselves.
2.（2025 兰州）Keep studying hard in the future because ________
（learn） is a lifelong journey.
3.（2023省卷）You're supposed _________ （shake） hands when
meeting people for the first time in China.
to do
learning
to shake
4.（2022省卷）The teacher asked the students _________ （circle） the
correct answer.
5.（2020省卷）Borrowers are expected _________ （return） books on
time.
to circle
to return
基础巩固
Ⅰ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.（2025平凉模拟）Sarah is looking forward to ________ （learn）
something about Dunhuang.
2.My teachers always advise us ________ （stick） to our goals.
3.（2025陇南模拟）My sister dreams of __________ （become） a
player like Quan Hongchan.
4.（2025张掖模拟）Chinese people usually show their welcome and
kindness by ________ （shake） hands.
learning
to stick
becoming
shaking
5.Please give me a chance __________ （explain） my design to you all.
6.You'll surely have a good time ________ （visit） Kunming anytime
of the year.
7.Could you please tell me how ___________（improve） my computer
skills
8.Lily is active. She always raises her hand __________ （answer）
questions in class.
9.It's necessary ________ （store） milk in the fridge to keep it fresh.
10.I have a healthy diet, so I have no trouble __________ （control）
my weight.
to explain
visiting
to improve
to answer
to store
controlling
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示完成句子。（每空限填一词）
1.在端午节吃粽子是一种传统。
It is a tradition ___ ____ zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival.
to
eat
2.我们花了40分钟完成了一幅美丽的画作。
It took us 40 minutes ___ ______ creating a beautiful piece of art.
to
finish
3.当你周围的学生开始推搡时，待在一个更安全的角落是很重要的。
________ ___ a safer corner is important as students around you begin
to push.
Staying
in
4.当我们学习新事物时，不要害怕犯错误。
Don't be afraid of ________ _________ when we learn new things.
making
mistakes
5.我发现很难理解他。
I found it hard ___ __________ him.
to
understand
提升训练
Ⅲ.任务型完形填空
A#1
wash, sweep, save, share, take, run
March 22nd is World Water Day. Let's learn how 1.________ water
at home! There's no need to keep the water 2.________ while you're
brushing your teeth. And you'll save a lot of water if you spend less
time 3._______ the shower. A bowl with just enough water is a good
to save
running
taking
way of 4.________ your fruit or vegetables. Then use what's left to
water the flowers. While you are waiting for the shower water to warm
up, put a bucket（桶） under it. The collected water can be used
5._________ the floor.
Don't forget 6.________ these ways of saving water with your
family and friends.#1.1.2
washing
to sweep
to share
B#1
help, say, have, make, work, do
1._______________ close friends is one of the best things in our
life. In fact, everyone should have some close friends.
One reason to have close friends is that you always have someone
to2.______ together with. For example, my friends and I often write
songs together. We have written a lot of wonderful songs by 3.________
each other.
Having/To have
work
helping
Another reason for having close friends is that they can cheer you
up. They try to4.____ this whenever you are sad. For example, when I
got a disappointing grade on my math test last week, my friends told
jokes to 5.______ me laugh.
Life is better with close friends. They help us enjoy life sometimes
and help us to forget difficult situations. The next time your friends do
something nice for you, don't forget 6._______, “Nothing beats having
close friends.”#1.1.4
do
make
to say

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