资源简介

Unit 2　Bridging Cultures
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. What sort of (qualify) do you need for the job？
2. She’s extremely (ambition) and intends to be running her own company by the time she’s 30.
3. To a new environment， there will be a process of (adapt).
4. Lie down on your bed and make yourself (comfort).
5. The Olympic values are (participate)， equality， cooperation and fair play.
6. His (apply) for membership of the organisation was rejected.
7. The job involves (travel) abroad for three months each year.
8. What he said was too c for me to understand.
9. I remember her face but I can’t r where I met her.
10. It’s no use (引用) those words into the passage.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
participate in　　　speak up
feel at home engage in
get involved in be keen to
adapt to take turns
1. They expected him to the ceremony.
2. I have no time to regular exercises.
3. I found it not easy to new life as an exchange student in England.
4. Black communities to defend the rights of all people of colour during that period.
5. However， when I first joined the company， my friendly and supportive colleagues here soon helped me to .
6. The students to clean up their classroom. It is Tom’s duty today.
7. She a serious car accident and was fined 200 dollars last week.
8. He go abroad for further study.　
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；占用；使参与；雇佣；与……建立联系engaging adj.令人愉快的；有吸引力的；迷人的 engaged adj.卷入……的；从事……的；忙于某事的；(电话)占线的；已订婚的
【归纳拓展】
engage in (使)从事；参与
engage sb in sth 使某人参与某事
engage with sb/sth
与……建立联系；与……互动
engage one’s attention/interest
吸引某人的注意力/兴趣
engage a lawyer/consultant
聘请律师/顾问
be engaged in sth 忙于某事；从事某事
get engaged 订婚
an engaging story/smile
引人入胜的故事/迷人的微笑
find sth/sb engaging 发现……有趣
【即学即练】
(1)老师试图通过有趣的活动吸引学生的注意力。
The teacher tried to with interesting activities.
(2)许多年轻人积极参与社区服务。
Many young people actively community service.
(3)公司聘请了一位专家来解决这个问题。
The company to solve the problem.
(4)她忙于准备即将到来的考试。
She preparing for the upcoming exam.
(5)这对情侣最近订婚了，大家都为他们感到高兴。
The couple recently ， and everyone is happy for them.
(6)她用尽办法要他跟她谈话。
She tried every means to .
(7)你难道累得都没有精力跟你的孩子们互动了吗？
Are you so tired you don’t have the energy to your kids？
(8)他在第一次演讲的开头讲述了一个引人入胜的故事，以此来吸引听众的兴趣。
He told in the beginning of his first speech to get the interest of the audience.
2. ★involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加
【归纳拓展】
involve doing sth 需要做某事
involve sb in sth/in doing sth
使某人参与(做)某事
deeply/heavily/actively involve in
深度/积极参与
involve risks/challenges 涉及风险/充满挑战
get/be involved in sth
参与……；卷入……；与……有关联
【即学即练】
(1)这场考试将包括回答一些与一张照片相关的问题。
The test will about a photograph.
(2)她积极参与学校的各种活动。
She various school activities.
(3)他不想卷入这场争论。
He didn’t want to the argument.
(4)这项任务充满了挑战，但我们都愿意接受。
The task ， but we are all willing to take it on.
(5)我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。
We want to the celebrations.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句：It was the first time that she had left China.
点睛：it be the first time that…句型中，that后要用完成时态。如主句使用一般现在时，从句应使用现在完成时；如主句使用一般过去时，从句则使用过去完成时。
【即学即练】
(1)这是他第三次读这部小说了。
It is the novel.
(2)她说那是她第二次游览伦敦。
She said London.
2. 原句：The first time that she had to write an essay， her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas， but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought！
点睛：一些表示时间的名词(短语)可以用来引导时间状语从句，常见的有every time、each time、any time、the first time、the moment、the minute/second、the instant等。
【即学即练】
(1)电话响起的那一刻，他从马上跳了下来。
He jumped off the horse .
(2)我看到她的那一瞬间就认出了她。
， I recognised her.　
(3)他第一次到那儿，就喜欢上了那里。
， he fell in love with it.
(4)每次他尝试新事物，都会感到非常兴奋。
， he feels very excited.
(5)她一到家，立马就开始准备晚餐。
， she started preparing dinner.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First， it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication， and make a conscious effort to overcome them. Second， it is important to assume that one’s efforts will not always be successful， and adjust one’s behaviour appropriately.
For example， one should always assume that there is a great possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems. One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges， not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said.
William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop， listen， and think， or as he puts it “go to the balcony” when the situation gets tense. This helps in cross-cultural communication as well. When things seem to be going badly， stop or slow down and think. What could be going on here？ Is it possible that I misinterpreted what they said？
Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out—by repeating what one thinks he/she heard， one can confirm that he/she understands the communication accurately.
Often intermediaries (调解人) can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the essential meaning and the manner of what is said. For example， they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another， before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong way. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done. Some cultures move quickly to the point； others talk about other things long enough to establish a relationship with the other person. If discussion on the primary topic begins too soon， the group that needs a “warm up” first will feel uncomfortable. An intermediary who understands this can explain the problem， and make appropriate adjustments.
( )1. What is the most important thing in cross-cultural communication？
A. Knowledge of your own culture.
B. The ability to take in different opinions.
C. Awareness of the problems that may arise.
D. Successful efforts to change your behaviour.
( )2. Which character helps prevent communication problems？
A. Patience. B. Honesty.
C. Generosity. D. Stubbornness.
( )3. What does the underlined phrase “go to the balcony” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Go outside and enjoy fresh air.
B. Get out of the situation temporarily.
C. Exchange positions with each other.
D. Deal with the conflicts in a secret way. 　
( )4. To be an intermediary， one should 　.　
A. be an experienced translator
B. know both cultures very well
C. be directly involved in a discussion
D. behave properly all through a discussion　
Ⅵ. 阅读七选五
The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. 　1　 In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons—that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols that people in very different cultures recognise as representing peace. Let’s look at the origins of a few of them.
The Dove
The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolised the end of war. 　2　
The Rainbow
The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol， often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Scandinavian mythology， the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In Chinese tradition， the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. 　3　
The Olive Branch
　4　 In Greek mythology， the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens， who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. 　5　 Whatever the history is， the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolising peace and unity.
A. But it was Pablo Picasso who made it a modern symbol of peace. B. The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. C. In some languages， the phrases for greetings contain the words for peace. D. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment. E. People always greet one another in peaceful ways. F. Now we use the rainbow to represent the possibility of a better world. G. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolise peace.
1. 　
2. 3.
4. 　
5.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. It’s against the law to build factories in this residential z .
2. The flood was (overwhelm)， and the city was soon submerged.
3. His longing for the holidays was caused by his (homesick).
4. Without direction and (motivate)， a person would not know what to do.
5. The job requires a high level of (qualify)， so only a few
(apply) were shortlisted.
6. She is very (ambition) and dreams of becoming the CEO of a multinational company.
7. I can’t r the exact date of the meeting， but I remember it was in early November.
8. The university provides comfortable (accommodate) for all international students.
9. His performance exceeded everyone’s (expect)， earning him a standing ovation.
10. Prolonged (expose) to the sun can lead to skin damage and other health issues.
11. Her speech provided a deep i into the challenges faced by small businesses.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——复习名词性从句
1. 单句语法填空
(1) she could come to help us made us very happy.
(2) he is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
(3) it was done was a mystery.
(4) John was late for the class has been unexplained.
(5) part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
(6) the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.
(7) he said at the meeting surprised everyone.
(8) breaks the rules will be punished.
(9) they will support the plan remains unclear.
(10) he failed the exam disappointed his parents.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)我已经看了这则通知，我们学校广播站需要两名英语播音员。
I have read the notice .
(2)谁能赢得这场比赛依旧是个未知数。
is still unknown.
(3)你通过考试了，真棒。
It’s splendid .
(4)她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She always thinks of .
(5)司令员命令部队马上出发。
The commander ordered .
(6)我认为每天多喝热水是有必要的。
I think it necessary .
(7)他是否参加比赛还不确定。
is still uncertain.
(8)她想知道的是会议什么时候开始。
What she wants to know is .
(9)重要的是我们要从错误中学习。
The important thing is .
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Before I came to China， I had been somewhat unlucky in love. Days before my 　1　 for Shanghai in 2016， my cousin made a 　2　 without the slightest bit of irony， “You’ll fall in love in China.”
I met my husband at a Chinese 　3　. It was an embarrassing place to meet him approaching me 　4　 I attempted to lift free weights. He spoke English poorly， trying to correct my form. I more or less 　5　 him， figuring such a relationship was 　6　 as we had little means to communicate. But I was very much 　7　. He ran after me for the next couple of weeks and his persistence 　8　 won me over， and I was head over heels in love with him.
The challenges we faced were 　9　—deciding where to live， 　10　 over visas， dealing with my parents’ doubts. In time， these problems got settled without too much work on our part. When others would 　11　 on how tough it must be to marry someone from a foreign country， I quickly made my 　12　， trying to convince my questioner that marrying cross-culturally is really no different from dating within one’s own circle.
Our son was born in the spring of 2018. He was a very easy baby to care for—he cried little and slept well at night. My struggles in caring for a newborn were unimportant 　13　 the other pressures I faced. By Chinese tradition， I was forbidden from taking the baby outside until he was 100 days old， for reasons I still don’t fully understand.
Since giving birth， I’ve learnt that compromise is more challenging than it seems. If you give up too much of yourself， you may 　14　 resentful (怨恨的). If you compromise too little， you may be stuck in a frequent battle. In a relationship， our values or beliefs often conflict with our partner’s， but with patience， most difficulties can be overcome. For that reason， I keep on working to better understand his backgrounds and beliefs while 　15　 forgetting my own.
( )1. A. plan B. observation
C. reservation D. departure
( )2. A. decision B. suggestion
C. request D. prediction
( )3. A. gym B. cinema
C. restaurant D. museum
( )4. A. since B. as
C. unless D. before
( )5. A. thanked B. admired
C. ignored D. praised
( )6. A. priceless B. countless
C. pointless D. faultless
( )7. A. broken B. beaten
C. drunken D. mistaken
( )8. A. gradually B. eventually
C. simply D. keenly
( )9. A. natural B. legal
C. typical D. international
( )10. A. worrying B. arguing
C. looking D. taking
( )11. A. comment B. decide
C. insist D. focus
( )12. A. remark B. conservation
C. apology D. defence
( )13. A. in relation to
B. in addition to
C. in comparison to
D. in response to
( )14. A. end up B. put up
C. turn up D. take up
( )15. A. therefore B. finally
C. yet D. never
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions—and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的) across a face as Westerners do， Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions，” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure， whereas Easterners favour the eyes and neglect the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues， the discovery shows that human communication of
emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result， facial expressions that had been considered universally recognisable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasians and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories： happy， sad， surprised， fearful， disgusted， angry， or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions，” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion， Easterners use the eyes more and the mouth less.”
In short， the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on， examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise， when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures， Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
( )1. The discovery shows that Westerners 　　　.
A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth 　
B. consider facial expressions universally reliable　
C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways 　
D. have more difficulty in recognising facial expressions 　
( )2. What were the people asked to do in the study？
A. To make a face at each other.
B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To classify some face pictures.
D. To observe the researchers’ faces.
( )3. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to？
A. The participants in the study.
B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made during the study.
D. The data collected from the study.
( )4. In comparison with Westerners， Easterners are likely to 　　　.
A. do translation more successfully
B. study the mouth more frequently
C. examine the eyes more attentively
D. read facial expressions more correctly
Ⅴ. 语法填空
A foreign girl seeking comfort on Chinese social media 　1　 (unexpected) received waves of Chinglish (Chinese-style English) responses from Chinese netizens. These unique and 　2　 (humour) replies not only warmed her heart， but also went viral on social media abroad， with many calling China net users real comedians.
YourKris， 　3　 may be living in China for some amount of time， posted 　4　 picture of herself in tears and snuggling up to a boy on 7 August on a Chinese social media platform， captioned “bye baby”. However， she didn’t realise that the post soon went viral as sympathetic Chinese netizens flooded under the post to comfort her with Chinglish.
One netizen， momo， used the phrase “You pretty， he ugly， you swan， he frog！” to comfort the heartbroken girl. 　5　 the grammar may not be perfect， the 　6　 (intend) of humour and encouragement was evident. “Abandon him！ Abandon him！” commented another netizen.
This event quickly gained 　7　 (popular) on overseas social platforms. Foreign netizens admired the humour and strength of Chinese netizens， and expressed a desire for Chinese netizens to engage 　8　 “battle” with them on the international Internet.
This event not only showcased the humour and warmth of Chinese netizens， but also reflected positive interactions in cross-cultural communication. Chinglish， a term once 　9　 (consider) negative， is now gradually becoming a bridge for cultural exchange， 　10　 (connect) people from different countries and cultures.
1. 　　　
2.
3. 4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He g my hand and shook it warmly.
2. This book has its s in old Beijing， telling the story of Xiangzi and Huniu.
3. The population in that country decreased (dramatic).
4. It is more (expense) to go by plane than by boat.
5. The two teams agreed to c closely to complete the project on time.
6. Regular exercise not only improves your health but also increases your physical
(strengthen).
7. The multinational company issued a statement to d the rumours about its financial troubles.
8. The government’s new i focuses on improving education in rural areas.
9. She is highly (competence) in her field， which is why she was chosen to lead the research team.
10. Despite the challenges， the coach remained o about the team’s chances of winning the championship.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
cost an arm and a leg　 to sum up
change for the better in turn
as far as I know end up
contribute to to begin with
1. The children called out their names .
2. My pearl necklace has .
3. ， let us examine a natural process that we have all observed.
4. I firmly believe that each of us can the future of the world.
5. ， they have gone abroad for further education.
6. ， my contention (观点) is that these people must be stopped.
7. If you don’t know what you want， you might getting something you don’t want.
8. Despite all the difficulties， she is convinced things will .
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★behave vt.表现vi.&vt.表现得体；有礼貌behaviour n.行为；举止
【归纳拓展】
behave well/badly 举止得体/行为不端
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
behave as if… 表现得好像……
behave towards 对待……的态度或方式
good/bad behaviour 良好/不良行为
social behaviour 社会行为
behavioural problems 行为问题
【即学即练】
(1)孩子们在聚会上举止得体。
The children at the party.
(2)他对待同事的态度很友善。
He his colleagues in a friendly manner.
(3)她表现得好像什么都没发生过一样。
She nothing had happened.
(4)老师告诉学生们在实地考察时要守规矩。
The teacher told the students to during the field trip.
(5)我们需要解决这些行为问题。
We need to address these .
2. ★deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝denial n.否认；拒绝
【归纳拓展】
deny doing sth 否认做过某事
deny sb sth 拒绝给予某人某物
It cannot be denied that…
不可否认的是……
deny access to sth
拒绝某人获取某物的权限；阻止某人进入……
deny a request 拒绝请求
in denial 拒绝承认；否认
【即学即练】
(1)他否认自己参与了这次事件。
He involved in the incident.
(2)公司拒绝了他的加薪请求。
The company for a raise.
(3)你错了，这是无可否认的。
It you are wrong.
(4)她一直拒绝接受现实，处于否认状态。
She has been ， refusing to accept the reality.
(5)他们被拒绝获取信息。
They were the information.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句：To begin with， many students who study abroad face great economic pressure.
点睛：To begin with在该句中作插入语。常见的作插入语的动词不定式短语有to tell the truth、to be honest、to make matters worse、to put it another way、to sum up、to conclude。
【即学即练】
1. 更糟糕的是，夜幕降临时，天开始下起雪来了。
， it started to snow when evening came.
2. 说真心话，我们对他的评价不太好。
， we don’t have a very good opinion of him.
3. 一来我们的钱不够；二来我们没时间。
， we don’t have enough money and secondly we’re too busy.
4. ， I hope we will be happier and start to share and treasure life.
5. 最后，我要感谢我的家人。
， I’d like to express my thanks to my family.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
Having travelled to other countries several times and being somewhat familiar with French culture， through reading books， I can confidently say I have not witnessed this thing called culture shock first-hand. However， I’m not going to lie and say the day-to-day life is exactly like that of an American.
In America we value everything big！ “The bigger the better” could certainly be the motto. France brings a fresh alternative. It’s very rare to see a large car. In fact， the smaller the car， the better chance you have of parking in those ever-so-tiny parking places. Besides， ovens， microwaves， and refrigerators are nearly half the size.
Dinner in France appears to be an event； it is pretty typical to plan for at least 2 hours for your meal. Good quality conversation， enjoying those you are with， and appreciating your food and the experience are vital factors. Americans are all about keeping things moving. Waiters in France come around a lot less frequently. They are not so much concerned about making more money and getting the next customer in the door.
Shopping provides a slight change of pace. Walking to the markets and frequenting the shops a few times per week keeps me busy compared to my once-per-week shopping back home. A note is posted on my door as I leave my apartment reminding me to bring my own bags. Using your own bags to carry your groceries home is the only option available. Walking into a grocery store with no bags and no cash， as I always rely on credit cards， is not a good idea as you must pay cash to use a shopping cart. I was extremely surprised when I first experienced this but I’m already thinking I need to bring this back to America！ You won’t find someone leaving their cart in the middle of the parking lot in France， as you have to take the cart back to get your money back. Brilliant！
( )1. We learn from Paragraph 2 that French people 　.
A. prefer something smaller
B. can’t afford bigger cars
C. don’t have enough parking space
D. also like to use something big
( )2. What do we know about dinner in France？
A. It is just a waste of time.
B. It is very pleasant and relaxing.
C. It requires a lot of waiters.
D. It is quite expensive in general.
( )3. What is the author’s attitude to the French way of shopping？
A. Appreciative.
B. Disapproving.
C. Reserved.
D. Disappointed.
( )4. We can infer from the last paragraph that in France 　.
A. shopping carts are more useful than shopping bags 　
B. the author always forgets to return the shopping cart
C. free plastic bags are not available in markets
D. the author goes shopping once a week
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
Last spring， I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study programme. In my application letter， I was careful to 　1　 how much I wanted to see France； evidently， my excitement really came through in my words. Once I 　2　 that I was going， all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and 　3　 friends. While travelling was inspiring and meeting people was 　4　， nothing about my term in France was what I expected.
The moment I arrived in Paris， I was 　5　 by a nice French couple who would become my host parents. My entire experience was joyous and exciting 　6　 I received some shocking news from my programme coordinator (协调人)： there had been a death in my host parents’ extended family. They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon， I had to 　7　 out of one family’s house and into another. The exchange coordinator told me I’d have a 　8　 this time and asked whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker. To avoid the temptation to 　9　 my native language， I asked not to be matched with an English-speaking roommate. When I got to my new room， I 　10　 myself to my new roommate Paolo， a Brazilian， the same age as I， whom I was surprised to find playing one of my favourite CDs！ In just a few hours， we knew we’d be good friends for the rest of the 　11　.
I left France with many 　12　， so when people ask me what my favourite part of the trip was， they are always 　13　 to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and the scores of weekdays in class， weeknights on the town， and weekends 　14　 France we enjoyed together. I love how people can seem so different， but end up being so 　15　. The most valuable lesson I gained from studying in France wasn’t just to respect the French people but to respect all people， for your next best friend could be just a continent away.
( )1. A. discuss B. express
C. announce D. argue
( )2. A. approved B. knew
C. warmed D. denied
( )3. A. stubborn B. anxious
C. universal D. interesting
( )4. A. boring B. upsetting
C. exciting D. promising
( )5. A. sponsored B. witnessed
C. greeted D. supported
( )6. A. until　 B. when
C. since　 D. while
( )7. A. move B. travel
C. walk　 D. rush
( )8. A. housekeeper　　 B. leader
C. roommate D. colleague
( )9. A. learn B. appreciate
C. speak D. master
( )10. A. added B. introduced
C. devoted D. shifted
( )11. A. term　 B. week
C. month D. vacation
( )12. A. presents B. suitcases
C. stories D. dreams
( )13. A. surprised B. disturbed
C. embarrassed　 D. concerned
( )14. A. analysing B. exploring
C. describing　　 D. investigating
( )15. A. generous B. independent
C. similar D. distant
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
I had often dreamt of the possibility of spending a year away from my hometown of Leeds in England， living in a foreign country. By the time I was old enough， however， I thought that my language was going to hold me back.
However， luckily for me， Leeds University， where I was studying at the time， made it possible for any student， even people like myself speaking only one language， to study abroad. Before I knew it， I was boarding a plane for Salzburg， Austria. I wasn’t quite sure what to expect of the experience ahead of me but I was prepared to accept the challenge.
The university was quite small but the classes were large. Also， Austrian students usually take five years to complete their courses， so studying there was somewhat more relaxed than at home. Austrian students go home quite often， too. Therefore， the foreign students had to socialise with each other quite a lot， which didn’t help our language skills.
Salzburg itself is a picture-postcard Austrian city. It is also famous for being the birthplace of Mozart and the setting for The Sound of Music. As a result， it is usually very busy with tourists. I also found that it doesn’t have a lot going on for young people， in comparison to Leeds.
There were， however， many advantages of living in Salzburg. For example， get on a train and you can be in Prague， Rome or Kraków within a matter of hours. By the end of my year in Salzburg， I had visited eight other countries in Europe.　
After spending a year overseas， I went back to my courses in Leeds， much more focused on what I wanted to get out of my last year and more appreciative of the opportunities the university provided. The year in Salzburg really showed me that you get a lot more out of a place when you live there compared to when you are just travelling through. I’d recommend all students to spend a year studying abroad if they can.
( )1. In the author’s opinion， what may have prevented his studying abroad？
A. His not being old enough.
B. His fearing the culture shock.
C. His becoming homesick easily.
D. His not knowing a foreign language.
( )2. Compared with Leeds University， the university in Salzburg 　.
A. provides more social events
B. has longer university years
C. has more foreign students
D. offers more small classes
( )3. One advantage the author mentions about Salzburg is that 　.
A. it’s a good location for travelling
B. it has a high-speed rail network
C. it’s the hometown of Mozart
D. it’s full of foreign tourists
Ⅲ. 书面表达
建议信
文体感知
导读：建议信是向收信人就某事提出自己的观点、建议的一种文体。注意所提建议要合情合理，同时语气要得体，既要委婉礼貌，又要有说服力。建议信的内容一般包括写信的原因、建议的内容及理由以及结束语。
【素材】
假定你是李华，你的笔友Jackson最近在考虑是否要出国留学，所以他来信征求你的意见。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 阐述观点；
2. 给出理由。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 　 　
话题 　 　
时态 　 　
人称 　 　
【词汇】
1. 使自己接触到
2. 舒适区　
3. 首先　
4. 此外；而且
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)出国留学让我们走出舒适区，但也可能让我们变得更好。
(2)在我看来，这是最重要的。
2. 句式升级
用which引导非限制性定语从句连接第1小题中的句(1)和句(2)。
【妙笔成篇】
Dear Jackson，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. re－＋v.→v.
call→ v.记起；回想起
appear→ v.再现
arrange→ v.重新安排
marry→ v.再婚
build→ v.重建
unite→ v.重聚
2. v.(－ify结尾)＋－cation→n.
qualify→ n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
clarify→ n.澄清
simplify→ n.简化；简化的事物
identify→ n.识别；鉴定
classify→ n.分类；归类
purify→ n.提纯；净化
3. v.(－t结尾)＋－ation→n.
adapt→ n.适应；改编本
present→ n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出
expect→ n.期望；预期；期待
interpret→ n.诠释；说明
limit→ n.限制；控制
transport→ n.交通工具；运输工具
consult→ n.咨询；商讨；磋商
4. v.＋(或去e)－ure→n.
expose→ n.接触；体验；暴露；揭露
depart→ n.离开；启程；出发
please→ n.愉快；娱乐；令人高兴的事
press→ n.压力；迫使
fail→ n.失败
sculpt→ n.雕像；雕塑品
5. n.＋－tic→adj.
optimism→ adj.乐观的
pessimism→ adj.悲观的
drama→ adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的
sympathy→ adj.同情的；有同情心的
romance→ adj.浪漫的；传奇的
fantasy→ adj.极好的；富于想象的
6. n.(－ion结尾)→adj.
ambition→adj. ambitious
infection→adj. infectious
caution→adj. cautious
nutrition→adj. nutritious
religion→adj. religious
suspicion→adj. suspicious
7. v.＋in→及物动词短语
engage in
involve in
【v.＋in短语拓展】
join in
participate in
major in
take in
result in
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. This project involves a lot of c technical problems， which is beyond our comprehension.
2. I bought my son an a for children of a play by Shakespeare； it’s much easier to understand than the original.
3. Our teacher asked me to give a p about my vacation plan in English.
4. When you go outside your c zone， you will also learn more about yourself.
5. The (公司) has an excellent customer service department.
6. (expose) to lead (铅) is known to damage the brains of young children.
7. The (set) of this picture is very beautiful—a blue sky， white clouds and sea.
8. We have to learn to c and compete； the two are not contradictory.
9. Please fasten your seat b before the plane takes off.
10. I am proud to be a co-founder of this important (倡议).
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 上大学的第一天，李华就有一个追求，那就是作为交换生去美国学习。但他的第一次申请因为英语口语没过关被拒绝了。然而他没有灰心。相反，他学习英语的动力增强了。他自费报名参加了英语口语培训班，积极参加英语角活动，并参加不同的英语演讲比赛。此外，他还经常去请教他的英语导师。他抓住一切能让他接触英语的机会。最终，因为他优秀的表现和出色的英语能力，他的努力得到了回报。他从众多的申请者中脱颖而出，获得了去美国学习的资格，没有辜负自己的期望。
he went to university， Li Hua had an to study in the United States as an exchange student. But when he the first time， he was because he failed in oral English. But he didn’t lose heart. On the contrary， the to learn English was . He signed up for oral English training classes at his own ， actively
the English corner and various English speech competitions. In addition， he often consulted his English teaching
. He every opportunity to himself to English. In the end， his efforts because of his good and remarkable in English. He stood out from so many and the to study in America， living to his own .　
2. 这是Amy第一次来中国。由于不习惯(这里的)饮食，也不适应(这里的)气候，她有点沮丧。她的寄宿家庭(的主人)李先生和他的妻子及时安慰她。他们不仅帮她提高汉语水平，还带她参与各种社会活动。多亏了他们的帮助，加上她自己乐观的生活态度，她很快就摆脱了文化冲击和思乡之情，学会了怎样在新环境里表现得体，之后就感觉像在家一样自在了。一年后，她要回国了。启程前，当她回忆起这一切时，心里充满了感激之情。
that Amy had come to China. She was a little
because she was not the diet and couldn’t the climate. Her host family， Mr Li and his wife her in time. They not only helped her improve her Chinese， but also took her to various social activities. their help and her own attitude towards life， she soon got rid of as well as homesickness and learnt how to well in the new and later. A year later， she was returning. Before ， when she
all this， she was very grateful in her heart.
3. 在我看来，出国留学能让你更成熟，还会让你在学会从不同的角度看世界的同时更深入地了解我们自己的文化。但据我所知，很多家庭负担不起这笔费用。所以一般来说，在提出申请前，你一定要做好预算并考虑自己的经济能力。
， studying abroad can make you more and while learning to view the world from different ， you can also learn to put more into our own culture. But ， many families can’t afford it. So ， before you present your
， you must make a good and take your economic
into account.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
2. It remains a question we can collect so much money in such a short time.
3. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales， please？
4. I had no idea we should do it. I had no idea we should do.
5. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to he was most needed.
6. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.
7. Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for.
8. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
9. It worried Tracy a bit her hair was turning grey.
10. He works hard. It is no wonder he has made great progress.
11. Can you tell me you are waiting for？
12. What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
13. People in Hangzhou are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.
14. The last time we had great fun was we were visiting the Water Park.
15. Why not try your luck downtown， Bob？That’s the best jobs are.
16. When asked they needed most， the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
17. Our school is no longer it used to be.
18. I have no idea I can get to the railway station.
19. matters most in learning English is enough practice.Unit 2　Bridging Cultures
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. What sort of 　qualification(s)　 (qualify) do you need for the job？
2. She’s extremely 　ambitious　 (ambition) and intends to be running her own company by the time she’s 30.
3. To a new environment， there will be a process of 　adaptation　 (adapt).
4. Lie down on your bed and make yourself 　comfortable　 (comfort).
5. The Olympic values are 　participation　 (participate)， equality， cooperation and fair play.
6. His 　application　 (apply) for membership of the organisation was rejected.
7. The job involves 　travelling　 (travel) abroad for three months each year.
8. What he said was too c omplex　 for me to understand.
9. I remember her face but I can’t r ecall　 where I met her.
10. It’s no use 　citing　 (引用) those words into the passage.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
participate in　　　speak up
feel at home engage in
get involved in be keen to
adapt to take turns
1. They expected him to 　participate in　 the ceremony.
2. I have no time to 　engage in　 regular exercises.
3. I found it not easy to 　adapt to　 new life as an exchange student in England.
4. Black communities 　spoke up　 to defend the rights of all people of colour during that period.
5. However， when I first joined the company， my friendly and supportive colleagues here soon helped me to 　feel at home　.
6. The students 　take turns　 to clean up their classroom. It is Tom’s duty today.
7. She 　got involved in　 a serious car accident and was fined 200 dollars last week.
8. He 　is keen to　 go abroad for further study.　
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；占用；使参与；雇佣；与……建立联系engaging adj.令人愉快的；有吸引力的；迷人的 engaged adj.卷入……的；从事……的；忙于某事的；(电话)占线的；已订婚的
【归纳拓展】
engage in (使)从事；参与
engage sb in sth 使某人参与某事
engage with sb/sth
与……建立联系；与……互动
engage one’s attention/interest
吸引某人的注意力/兴趣
engage a lawyer/consultant
聘请律师/顾问
be engaged in sth 忙于某事；从事某事
get engaged 订婚
an engaging story/smile
引人入胜的故事/迷人的微笑
find sth/sb engaging 发现……有趣
【即学即练】
(1)老师试图通过有趣的活动吸引学生的注意力。
The teacher tried to 　engage the students’ attention　 with interesting activities.
(2)许多年轻人积极参与社区服务。
Many young people actively 　engage in　 community service.
(3)公司聘请了一位专家来解决这个问题。
The company 　engaged a consultant　 to solve the problem.
(4)她忙于准备即将到来的考试。
She 　is engaged in　 preparing for the upcoming exam.
(5)这对情侣最近订婚了，大家都为他们感到高兴。
The couple recently 　got engaged　， and everyone is happy for them.
(6)她用尽办法要他跟她谈话。
She tried every means to 　engage him in conversation　.
(7)你难道累得都没有精力跟你的孩子们互动了吗？
Are you so tired you don’t have the energy to 　engage with　 your kids？
(8)他在第一次演讲的开头讲述了一个引人入胜的故事，以此来吸引听众的兴趣。
He told 　an engaging story　 in the beginning of his first speech to get the interest of the audience.
2. ★involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加
【归纳拓展】
involve doing sth 需要做某事
involve sb in sth/in doing sth
使某人参与(做)某事
deeply/heavily/actively involve in
深度/积极参与
involve risks/challenges 涉及风险/充满挑战
get/be involved in sth
参与……；卷入……；与……有关联
【即学即练】
(1)这场考试将包括回答一些与一张照片相关的问题。
The test will 　involve answering questions　 about a photograph.
(2)她积极参与学校的各种活动。
She 　is actively involved in　 various school activities.
(3)他不想卷入这场争论。
He didn’t want to 　get involved in　 the argument.
(4)这项任务充满了挑战，但我们都愿意接受。
The task 　involves many challenges　， but we are all willing to take it on.
(5)我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。
We want to 　involve as many people as possible in　 the celebrations.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句：It was the first time that she had left China.
点睛：it be the first time that…句型中，that后要用完成时态。如主句使用一般现在时，从句应使用现在完成时；如主句使用一般过去时，从句则使用过去完成时。
【即学即练】
(1)这是他第三次读这部小说了。
It is 　the third time that he has read　 the novel.
(2)她说那是她第二次游览伦敦。
She said 　it was the second time that she had visited　 London.
2. 原句：The first time that she had to write an essay， her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas， but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought！
点睛：一些表示时间的名词(短语)可以用来引导时间状语从句，常见的有every time、each time、any time、the first time、the moment、the minute/second、the instant等。
【即学即练】
(1)电话响起的那一刻，他从马上跳了下来。
He jumped off the horse 　the moment the telephone rang　.
(2)我看到她的那一瞬间就认出了她。
　The instant I saw her　， I recognised her.　
(3)他第一次到那儿，就喜欢上了那里。
　The first time he got there　， he fell in love with it.
(4)每次他尝试新事物，都会感到非常兴奋。
　Every time he tries something new　， he feels very excited.
(5)她一到家，立马就开始准备晚餐。
　The minute/second she arrived home　， she started preparing dinner.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First， it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication， and make a conscious effort to overcome them. Second， it is important to assume that one’s efforts will not always be successful， and adjust one’s behaviour appropriately.
For example， one should always assume that there is a great possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems. One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges， not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said.
William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop， listen， and think， or as he puts it “go to the balcony” when the situation gets tense. This helps in cross-cultural communication as well. When things seem to be going badly， stop or slow down and think. What could be going on here？ Is it possible that I misinterpreted what they said？
Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out—by repeating what one thinks he/she heard， one can confirm that he/she understands the communication accurately.
Often intermediaries (调解人) can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the essential meaning and the manner of what is said. For example， they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another， before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong way. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done. Some cultures move quickly to the point； others talk about other things long enough to establish a relationship with the other person. If discussion on the primary topic begins too soon， the group that needs a “warm up” first will feel uncomfortable. An intermediary who understands this can explain the problem， and make appropriate adjustments.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了跨文化交流过程中有可能出现的问题，并提出解决问题的建议。
(　C　)1. What is the most important thing in cross-cultural communication？
A. Knowledge of your own culture.
B. The ability to take in different opinions.
C. Awareness of the problems that may arise.
D. Successful efforts to change your behaviour.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication” 可知，作者认为跨文化交流的关键是人们必须对可能出现的、因文化差异而产生的沟通障碍有充分的认知。
(　A　)2. Which character helps prevent communication problems？
A. Patience. B. Honesty.
C. Generosity. D. Stubbornness.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges…” 可知，在跨文化交流中，人们应该缓慢而谨慎地做出反应。由此可推知，耐心有助于避免因文化差异而导致的沟通问题。
(　B　)3. What does the underlined phrase “go to the balcony” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Go outside and enjoy fresh air.
B. Get out of the situation temporarily.
C. Exchange positions with each other.
D. Deal with the conflicts in a secret way. 　
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的 “William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop， listen， and think…” 可知，William Ury 的建议是要停下来，倾听和思考。由此可知，go to the balcony表示在冲突或紧张情况发生时，人们应该暂时从当时的情境中抽离出来，以便更好地冷静思考和处理问题。
(　B　)4. To be an intermediary， one should 　.　
A. be an experienced translator
B. know both cultures very well
C. be directly involved in a discussion
D. behave properly all through a discussion　
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Some cultures move quickly to the point…An intermediary who understands this can explain the problem，and make appropriate adjustments.”可知，调解人要会翻译双方的语言，还要能够根据情况调整合适的时间，而做这一切的前提是他必须对双方的文化都有很好的了解。
Ⅵ. 阅读七选五
The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. 　1　 In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons—that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols that people in very different cultures recognise as representing peace. Let’s look at the origins of a few of them.
The Dove
The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolised the end of war. 　2　
The Rainbow
The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol， often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Scandinavian mythology， the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In Chinese tradition， the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. 　3　
The Olive Branch
　4　 In Greek mythology， the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens， who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. 　5　 Whatever the history is， the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolising peace and unity.
A. But it was Pablo Picasso who made it a modern symbol of peace. B. The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. C. In some languages， the phrases for greetings contain the words for peace. D. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment. E. People always greet one another in peaceful ways. F. Now we use the rainbow to represent the possibility of a better world. G. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolise peace.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鸽子、彩虹和橄榄枝三种事物作为和平象征的历史和原因。
1. 　C　　
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到下文将对问候方式展开叙述，空格后提到在一些文化中，人们通过握手问好或其他手势表示和平友好之意，选项C“在某些语言中，问候语本身就包含‘和平’一词”承上启下。
2. 　A　
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolised the end of war.”可知，鸽子在古代一直被用来代表和平，空格处会提到鸽子的现代意义，选项A“但正是巴勃罗·毕加索将其塑造为现代意义上的和平象征”符合语境。
3. 　D　
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“In Scandinavian mythology， the rainbow was…In Chinese tradition， the rainbow is…”可知，空格处会提到在现代人们利用彩虹作为和平的标志，选项D“如今彩虹已成为许多倡导和平与环保的热门运动所采用的象征符号”符合语境。
4. 　B　　
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据本段小标题The Olive Branch及下文中的“the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens”可知，空格处会提到橄榄树的用途，选项B“橄榄树历来是食物和油料的重要来源”符合语境。
5. 　G　
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到雅典娜将橄榄树送给雅典人民的这个神话与橄榄枝代表和平这一点并无关联，空格后提到无论历史渊源如何，橄榄枝在现代象征着和平与团结，选项G“但没有人确切知道它是何时或为何开始象征和平的”符合语境。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. It’s against the law to build factories in this residential z one　.
2. The flood was 　overwhelming　 (overwhelm)， and the city was soon submerged.
3. His longing for the holidays was caused by his 　homesickness　 (homesick).
4. Without direction and 　motivation　 (motivate)， a person would not know what to do.
5. The job requires a high level of 　qualification　 (qualify)， so only a few
　applicants　 (apply) were shortlisted.
6. She is very 　ambitious　 (ambition) and dreams of becoming the CEO of a multinational company.
7. I can’t r ecall　 the exact date of the meeting， but I remember it was in early November.
8. The university provides comfortable 　accommodation　 (accommodate) for all international students.
9. His performance exceeded everyone’s 　expectations　 (expect)， earning him a standing ovation.
10. Prolonged 　exposure　 (expose) to the sun can lead to skin damage and other health issues.
11. Her speech provided a deep i nsight　 into the challenges faced by small businesses.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——复习名词性从句
1. 单句语法填空
(1)　That　 she could come to help us made us very happy.
(2)　Whether　 he is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
(3)　How　 it was done was a mystery.
(4)　Why　 John was late for the class has been unexplained.
(5)　Which　 part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
(6)　Where/When　 the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.
(7)　What　 he said at the meeting surprised everyone.
(8)　Whoever　 breaks the rules will be punished.
(9)　Whether　 they will support the plan remains unclear.
(10)　That　 he failed the exam disappointed his parents.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)我已经看了这则通知，我们学校广播站需要两名英语播音员。
I have read the notice 　that our school radio station needs two English announcers　.
(2)谁能赢得这场比赛依旧是个未知数。
　Who will win the match　 is still unknown.
(3)你通过考试了，真棒。
It’s splendid 　that you passed your exam　.
(4)她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She always thinks of 　how she can work well　.
(5)司令员命令部队马上出发。
The commander ordered 　that troops (should) set off at once　.
(6)我认为每天多喝热水是有必要的。
I think it necessary 　that we should drink plenty of hot water every day　.
(7)他是否参加比赛还不确定。
　Whether he will join the competition　 is still uncertain.
(8)她想知道的是会议什么时候开始。
What she wants to know is 　when the meeting will start　.
(9)重要的是我们要从错误中学习。
The important thing is 　that we should learn from our mistakes　.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Before I came to China， I had been somewhat unlucky in love. Days before my 　1　 for Shanghai in 2016， my cousin made a 　2　 without the slightest bit of irony， “You’ll fall in love in China.”
I met my husband at a Chinese 　3　. It was an embarrassing place to meet him approaching me 　4　 I attempted to lift free weights. He spoke English poorly， trying to correct my form. I more or less 　5　 him， figuring such a relationship was 　6　 as we had little means to communicate. But I was very much 　7　. He ran after me for the next couple of weeks and his persistence 　8　 won me over， and I was head over heels in love with him.
The challenges we faced were 　9　—deciding where to live， 　10　 over visas， dealing with my parents’ doubts. In time， these problems got settled without too much work on our part. When others would 　11　 on how tough it must be to marry someone from a foreign country， I quickly made my 　12　， trying to convince my questioner that marrying cross-culturally is really no different from dating within one’s own circle.
Our son was born in the spring of 2018. He was a very easy baby to care for—he cried little and slept well at night. My struggles in caring for a newborn were unimportant 　13　 the other pressures I faced. By Chinese tradition， I was forbidden from taking the baby outside until he was 100 days old， for reasons I still don’t fully understand.
Since giving birth， I’ve learnt that compromise is more challenging than it seems. If you give up too much of yourself， you may 　14　 resentful (怨恨的). If you compromise too little， you may be stuck in a frequent battle. In a relationship， our values or beliefs often conflict with our partner’s， but with patience， most difficulties can be overcome. For that reason， I keep on working to better understand his backgrounds and beliefs while 　15　 forgetting my own.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的跨国婚姻经历与感受。
(　D　)1. A. plan B. observation
C. reservation D. departure
【解析】 考查名词。根据上下文语境可知，作者是离开了自己的国家来到了中国。departure for…意为“动身前往……”，为固定搭配。
(　D　)2. A. decision B. suggestion
C. request D. prediction
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“You’ll fall in love in China.”可知，在作者来到中国之前，她的表妹预测她一定会喜欢中国，此处指表妹做了一个预测。
(　A　)3. A. gym B. cinema
C. restaurant D. museum
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的 “I attempted to lift free weights” 可知，作者是在一个锻炼身体的地方碰到了自己的丈夫。
(　B　)4. A. since B. as
C. unless D. before
【解析】 考查连词。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示当作者试着举重的时候，需要连词as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。
(　C　)5. A. thanked B. admired
C. ignored D. praised
【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“He spoke English poorly…”及下文中的 “as we had little means to communicate”可知，当时作者和丈夫之间是没办法正常交流的，因此对于这样的人际关系作者自然会选择忽视。
(　C　)6. A. priceless B. countless
C. pointless D. faultless
【解析】 考查形容词。 根据上下文语境可知，无法用言语交流的关系对于当时的作者来说，自然毫无意义，没有发展的必要。
(　D　)7. A. broken B. beaten
C. drunken D. mistaken
【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格后的 “He ran after me for the next couple of weeks and his persistence…”可知，事情并非像作者想象的那样，因此作者当时的判断是错误的。
(　B　)8. A. gradually B. eventually
C. simply D. keenly
【解析】 考查副词。根据下文中的 “I was head over heels in love with him” 可知，作者最终还是被他坚持不懈的精神彻底征服了，此处表示最终的结果。
(　C　)9. A. natural B. legal
C. typical D. international
【解析】 考查形容词。根据常识可知，跨国婚姻家庭选择在哪定居是一个典型的问题。
(　A　)10. A. worrying B. arguing
C. looking D. taking
【解析】 考查动词。根据常识可知，来往于不同的国家，自然要为签证问题担心。
(　A　)11. A. comment B. decide
C. insist D. focus
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“how tough it must be to marry someone from a foreign country”可知，此处为其他人对于跨国婚姻的评论。comment on意为“评论”，为固定搭配。
(　D　)12. A. remark B. conservation
C. apology D. defence
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的 “marrying cross-culturally is really no different…” 可知，此处是作者在向其他人解释，说明跨国婚姻并没有想象中那么困难。
(　C　)13. A. in relation to
B. in addition to
C. in comparison to
D. in response to
【解析】 考查介词短语。句意：与我面临的其他压力相比，我在照顾新生儿方面的挣扎就显得无足轻重了。根据上文中的 “he cried little and slept well at night” 可知，作者的孩子十分容易照料，让人省心，这和她之前面临的压力相比自然是不重要了。
(　A　)14. A. end up B. put up
C. turn up D. take up
【解析】 考查动词短语。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示如果妥协了太多，你最终可能会怨恨。
(　D　)15. A. therefore B. finally
C. yet D. never
【解析】 考查副词。根据上文语境可知，作者强调的是在面对文化差异时，不要顾此失彼，双方的文化都不能轻易抛弃。此处表示作者从来不会忘记自己的文化。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions—and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的) across a face as Westerners do， Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions，” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure， whereas Easterners favour the eyes and neglect the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues， the discovery shows that human communication of
emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result， facial expressions that had been considered universally recognisable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasians and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories： happy， sad， surprised， fearful， disgusted， angry， or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions，” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion， Easterners use the eyes more and the mouth less.”
In short， the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on， examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise， when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures， Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于东方人比西方人更不擅长读懂人的面部表情的研究。该研究得出，不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式产生差异。
(　A　)1. The discovery shows that Westerners 　　　.
A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth 　
B. consider facial expressions universally reliable　
C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways 　
D. have more difficulty in recognising facial expressions 　
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure， whereas Easterners favour the eyes and neglect the mouth.” 可知，西方人关注人的面部表情时，都很重视眼睛和嘴巴。
(　C　)2. What were the people asked to do in the study？
A. To make a face at each other.
B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To classify some face pictures.
D. To observe the researchers’ faces.
【解析】细节理解题。 根据第五段中的“while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories” 可知，在这项研究中，参与者被要求对脸部照片进行分类。
(　A　)3. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to？
A. The participants in the study.
B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made during the study.
D. The data collected from the study.
【解析】代词指代题。根据画线词所在句子可知， “that they show”是定语，修饰前面的 “The cultural difference”，即他们所表现出来的文化差异。由此推知，此处they指代的是研究的参与者。
(　C　)4. In comparison with Westerners， Easterners are likely to 　　　.
A. do translation more successfully
B. study the mouth more frequently
C. examine the eyes more attentively
D. read facial expressions more correctly
【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段中的 “Easterners use the eyes more and the mouth less.”可知，与西方人相比，东方人更注意观察眼睛。
Ⅴ. 语法填空
A foreign girl seeking comfort on Chinese social media 　1　 (unexpected) received waves of Chinglish (Chinese-style English) responses from Chinese netizens. These unique and 　2　 (humour) replies not only warmed her heart， but also went viral on social media abroad， with many calling China net users real comedians.
YourKris， 　3　 may be living in China for some amount of time， posted 　4　 picture of herself in tears and snuggling up to a boy on 7 August on a Chinese social media platform， captioned “bye baby”. However， she didn’t realise that the post soon went viral as sympathetic Chinese netizens flooded under the post to comfort her with Chinglish.
One netizen， momo， used the phrase “You pretty， he ugly， you swan， he frog！” to comfort the heartbroken girl. 　5　 the grammar may not be perfect， the 　6　 (intend) of humour and encouragement was evident. “Abandon him！ Abandon him！” commented another netizen.
This event quickly gained 　7　 (popular) on overseas social platforms. Foreign netizens admired the humour and strength of Chinese netizens， and expressed a desire for Chinese netizens to engage 　8　 “battle” with them on the international Internet.
This event not only showcased the humour and warmth of Chinese netizens， but also reflected positive interactions in cross-cultural communication. Chinglish， a term once 　9　 (consider) negative， is now gradually becoming a bridge for cultural exchange， 　10　 (connect) people from different countries and cultures.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名外国女孩在中国社交媒体上寻求安慰，却意外收获了中国网友的大量中式英语回复的故事。这些回复不仅温暖了她的心，还在国外社交媒体上走红，让许多外国网友称赞中国网友是真正的喜剧人。
1. 　unexpectedly　　　　
【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰动词received，应使用副词形式unexpectedly作received的状语。
2. 　humorous　
【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处应使用humour的形容词形式humorous作replies的定语。
3. 　who　
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中充当主语，先行词为YourKris，指人，应使用关系代词who。
4. 　a　
【解析】 考查冠词。根据空格后的“picture”可知，此处表泛指，意为“她自己的一张照片”，应使用不定冠词；又因picture发音以辅音音素开头，空格处应使用a。
5. 　While/Though/Although　
【解析】 考查连词。句意：虽然语法可能不完美，但幽默和鼓励的意图很明显。空格处引导让步状语从句，应使用从属连词while/though/although，意为“虽然”；又因空格处位于句首，首字母应大写。
6. 　intention　
【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处位于“the＋n.＋of”结构中，应使用intend的名词形式intention作主语。
7. 　popularity　
【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处应使用popular的名词形式popularity作gained的宾语。
8. 　in　
【解析】 考查介词。句意：外国网友称赞中国网友的幽默和强大，并表示希望中国网友能在国际互联网上与他们进行“对决”。engage in意为“参与；从事”，为固定短语。
9. 　considered　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为is becoming，空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接，应使用非谓语动词；consider和主语a term构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用动词－ed形式作后置定语。
10. 　connecting　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为is becoming，空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接，应使用非谓语动词；connect和主语Chinglish构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用动词－ing形式作伴随状语。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He g rasped　 my hand and shook it warmly.
2. This book has its s etting　 in old Beijing， telling the story of Xiangzi and Huniu.
3. The population in that country decreased 　dramatically　 (dramatic).
4. It is more 　expensive　 (expense) to go by plane than by boat.
5. The two teams agreed to c ooperate　 closely to complete the project on time.
6. Regular exercise not only improves your health but also increases your physical
　 strength　 (strengthen).
7. The multinational company issued a statement to d eny　 the rumours about its financial troubles.
8. The government’s new i nitiative　 focuses on improving education in rural areas.
9. She is highly 　competent　 (competence) in her field， which is why she was chosen to lead the research team.
10. Despite the challenges， the coach remained o ptimistic　 about the team’s chances of winning the championship.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
cost an arm and a leg　 to sum up
change for the better in turn
as far as I know end up
contribute to to begin with
1. The children called out their names 　in turn　.
2. My pearl necklace has 　cost me an arm and a leg　.
3. 　To begin with　， let us examine a natural process that we have all observed.
4. I firmly believe that each of us can 　contribute to　 the future of the world.
5. 　As far as I know　， they have gone abroad for further education.
6. 　To sum up　， my contention (观点) is that these people must be stopped.
7. If you don’t know what you want， you might 　end up　 getting something you don’t want.
8. Despite all the difficulties， she is convinced things will 　change for the better　.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★behave vt.表现vi.&vt.表现得体；有礼貌behaviour n.行为；举止
【归纳拓展】
behave well/badly 举止得体/行为不端
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
behave as if… 表现得好像……
behave towards 对待……的态度或方式
good/bad behaviour 良好/不良行为
social behaviour 社会行为
behavioural problems 行为问题
【即学即练】
(1)孩子们在聚会上举止得体。
The children 　behaved well　 at the party.
(2)他对待同事的态度很友善。
He 　behaves towards　 his colleagues in a friendly manner.
(3)她表现得好像什么都没发生过一样。
She 　behaved as if　 nothing had happened.
(4)老师告诉学生们在实地考察时要守规矩。
The teacher told the students to 　behave themselves　 during the field trip.
(5)我们需要解决这些行为问题。
We need to address these 　behavioural problems　.
2. ★deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝denial n.否认；拒绝
【归纳拓展】
deny doing sth 否认做过某事
deny sb sth 拒绝给予某人某物
It cannot be denied that…
不可否认的是……
deny access to sth
拒绝某人获取某物的权限；阻止某人进入……
deny a request 拒绝请求
in denial 拒绝承认；否认
【即学即练】
(1)他否认自己参与了这次事件。
He 　denied being　 involved in the incident.
(2)公司拒绝了他的加薪请求。
The company 　denied his request　 for a raise.
(3)你错了，这是无可否认的。
It 　cannot be denied that　 you are wrong.
(4)她一直拒绝接受现实，处于否认状态。
She has been 　in denial　， refusing to accept the reality.
(5)他们被拒绝获取信息。
They were 　denied access to　 the information.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句：To begin with， many students who study abroad face great economic pressure.
点睛：To begin with在该句中作插入语。常见的作插入语的动词不定式短语有to tell the truth、to be honest、to make matters worse、to put it another way、to sum up、to conclude。
【即学即练】
1. 更糟糕的是，夜幕降临时，天开始下起雪来了。
　To make matters worse　， it started to snow when evening came.
2. 说真心话，我们对他的评价不太好。
　To tell the truth/To be honest　， we don’t have a very good opinion of him.
3. 一来我们的钱不够；二来我们没时间。
　To begin with　， we don’t have enough money and secondly we’re too busy.
4. 　To sum up　， I hope we will be happier and start to share and treasure life.
5. 最后，我要感谢我的家人。
　To conclude　， I’d like to express my thanks to my family.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
Having travelled to other countries several times and being somewhat familiar with French culture， through reading books， I can confidently say I have not witnessed this thing called culture shock first-hand. However， I’m not going to lie and say the day-to-day life is exactly like that of an American.
In America we value everything big！ “The bigger the better” could certainly be the motto. France brings a fresh alternative. It’s very rare to see a large car. In fact， the smaller the car， the better chance you have of parking in those ever-so-tiny parking places. Besides， ovens， microwaves， and refrigerators are nearly half the size.
Dinner in France appears to be an event； it is pretty typical to plan for at least 2 hours for your meal. Good quality conversation， enjoying those you are with， and appreciating your food and the experience are vital factors. Americans are all about keeping things moving. Waiters in France come around a lot less frequently. They are not so much concerned about making more money and getting the next customer in the door.
Shopping provides a slight change of pace. Walking to the markets and frequenting the shops a few times per week keeps me busy compared to my once-per-week shopping back home. A note is posted on my door as I leave my apartment reminding me to bring my own bags. Using your own bags to carry your groceries home is the only option available. Walking into a grocery store with no bags and no cash， as I always rely on credit cards， is not a good idea as you must pay cash to use a shopping cart. I was extremely surprised when I first experienced this but I’m already thinking I need to bring this back to America！ You won’t find someone leaving their cart in the middle of the parking lot in France， as you have to take the cart back to get your money back. Brilliant！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在法国的旅游经历，并介绍了法国与美国在生活方式上的不同。
(　A　)1. We learn from Paragraph 2 that French people 　.
A. prefer something smaller
B. can’t afford bigger cars
C. don’t have enough parking space
D. also like to use something big
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “It’s very rare to see a large car. In fact， the smaller the car， the better chance…are nearly half the size.” 可知，相对于美国人而言，法国人喜欢型号较小的物品。
(　B　)2. What do we know about dinner in France？
A. It is just a waste of time.
B. It is very pleasant and relaxing.
C. It requires a lot of waiters.
D. It is quite expensive in general.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Good quality conversation， enjoying those you are with， and appreciating your food and the experience are vital factors.”可知，在法国享用晚餐时，人们会非常轻松愉快。
(　A　)3. What is the author’s attitude to the French way of shopping？
A. Appreciative.
B. Disapproving.
C. Reserved.
D. Disappointed.
【解析】 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“I was extremely surprised when I first experienced this but I’m already thinking I need to bring this back to America！”及“Brilliant！”可知，作者很欣赏法国的购物方式。
(　C　)4. We can infer from the last paragraph that in France 　.
A. shopping carts are more useful than shopping bags 　
B. the author always forgets to return the shopping cart
C. free plastic bags are not available in markets
D. the author goes shopping once a week
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，在法国购物，需要自己带购物袋，没有购物袋时顾客只能使用购物车，而且购物车用完后一定要送回原处。由此推知，法国的超市不提供免费塑料袋。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
Last spring， I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study programme. In my application letter， I was careful to 　1　 how much I wanted to see France； evidently， my excitement really came through in my words. Once I 　2　 that I was going， all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and 　3　 friends. While travelling was inspiring and meeting people was 　4　， nothing about my term in France was what I expected.
The moment I arrived in Paris， I was 　5　 by a nice French couple who would become my host parents. My entire experience was joyous and exciting 　6　 I received some shocking news from my programme coordinator (协调人)： there had been a death in my host parents’ extended family. They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon， I had to 　7　 out of one family’s house and into another. The exchange coordinator told me I’d have a 　8　 this time and asked whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker. To avoid the temptation to 　9　 my native language， I asked not to be matched with an English-speaking roommate. When I got to my new room， I 　10　 myself to my new roommate Paolo， a Brazilian， the same age as I， whom I was surprised to find playing one of my favourite CDs！ In just a few hours， we knew we’d be good friends for the rest of the 　11　.
I left France with many 　12　， so when people ask me what my favourite part of the trip was， they are always 　13　 to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and the scores of weekdays in class， weeknights on the town， and weekends 　14　 France we enjoyed together. I love how people can seem so different， but end up being so 　15　. The most valuable lesson I gained from studying in France wasn’t just to respect the French people but to respect all people， for your next best friend could be just a continent away.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者很幸运地被选中参加了一个法国的交换生项目的经历，这次经历给作者留下了难忘的回忆。
(　B　)1. A. discuss B. express
C. announce D. argue
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“how much I wanted to see France”可知，此处作者是想表达一种想去法国的情感。
(　B　)2. A. approved B. knew
C. warmed D. denied
【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel…”并结合常识可知，作者只有知道自己即将动身前往法国，才会浮想联翩。
(　D　)3. A. stubborn B. anxious
C. universal D. interesting
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上下文语境可知，当作者在对未来的法国之旅充满幻想时，他想象的一定都是一些美好的事物，包括交到有趣的朋友。
(　C　)4. A. boring B. upsetting
C. exciting D. promising
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“While travelling was inspiring and”可知，空格处与and前的“inspiring”为并列关系。由此可知，此处指结识新朋友令作者很激动。
(　C　)5. A. sponsored B. witnessed
C. greeted D. supported
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“by a nice French couple”可知，此处表示作者刚到巴黎时，受到了一对很有亲和力的法国夫妇的欢迎。
(　A　)6. A. until　 B. when
C. since　 D. while
【解析】 考查连词。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示作者的整个经历原本都是愉快的，直到从项目协调员那里收到了一些令人震惊的消息。
(　A　)7. A. move B. travel
C. walk　 D. rush
【解析】 考查动词。根据上下文语境及常识可知，这对法国夫妇家里碰到大事之后，自然就无法照顾作者了，那么作者只能选择换一家寄宿家庭。move out 意为“搬出”，为固定短语。
(　C　)8. A. housekeeper　　 B. leader
C. roommate D. colleague
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker”可知，作者将要和另一个人共用一间卧室，所以作者和此人是室友关系。
(　C　)9. A. learn B. appreciate
C. speak D. master
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“my native language”及常识可知，此处是指为了避免说母语的诱惑。
(　B　)10. A. added B. introduced
C. devoted D. shifted
【解析】 考查动词。根据上下文语境及常识可知，在刚认识某人时，首先是向对方介绍自己。
(　A　)11. A. term　 B. week
C. month D. vacation
【解析】 考查名词。根据第一段中的“about my term in France”可知，此处是指作者还在法国进行交换的时期，作者认为和新室友在这个学期剩下的日子里会成为好朋友。
(　C　)12. A. presents B. suitcases
C. stories D. dreams
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“scores of weekdays in class， weeknights on the town， and weekends…”可知，作者在这里经历了很多事情，留下了很多美好的故事。
(　A　)13. A. surprised B. disturbed
C. embarrassed　 D. concerned
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上下文语境可知，人们问作者这次旅行中最喜欢什么，作者却说的是他的室友，这一回答会让他人感到惊讶。
(　B　)14. A. analysing B. exploring
C. describing　　 D. investigating
【解析】 考查动词。根据上下文语境可知，作者和这位室友都对法国充满好奇心，这会引导他们去发现、探索这个地方。
(　C　)15. A. generous B. independent
C. similar D. distant
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“I love how people can seem so different， but”可知，but 后的内容应与上文形成语义上的转折关系，此处表示最终却又如此相似。
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
I had often dreamt of the possibility of spending a year away from my hometown of Leeds in England， living in a foreign country. By the time I was old enough， however， I thought that my language was going to hold me back.
However， luckily for me， Leeds University， where I was studying at the time， made it possible for any student， even people like myself speaking only one language， to study abroad. Before I knew it， I was boarding a plane for Salzburg， Austria. I wasn’t quite sure what to expect of the experience ahead of me but I was prepared to accept the challenge.
The university was quite small but the classes were large. Also， Austrian students usually take five years to complete their courses， so studying there was somewhat more relaxed than at home. Austrian students go home quite often， too. Therefore， the foreign students had to socialise with each other quite a lot， which didn’t help our language skills.
Salzburg itself is a picture-postcard Austrian city. It is also famous for being the birthplace of Mozart and the setting for The Sound of Music. As a result， it is usually very busy with tourists. I also found that it doesn’t have a lot going on for young people， in comparison to Leeds.
There were， however， many advantages of living in Salzburg. For example， get on a train and you can be in Prague， Rome or Kraków within a matter of hours. By the end of my year in Salzburg， I had visited eight other countries in Europe.　
After spending a year overseas， I went back to my courses in Leeds， much more focused on what I wanted to get out of my last year and more appreciative of the opportunities the university provided. The year in Salzburg really showed me that you get a lot more out of a place when you live there compared to when you are just travelling through. I’d recommend all students to spend a year studying abroad if they can.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在国外的学习经历。
(　D　)1. In the author’s opinion， what may have prevented his studying abroad？
A. His not being old enough.
B. His fearing the culture shock.
C. His becoming homesick easily.
D. His not knowing a foreign language.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I thought that my language was going to hold me back”及第二段中的“even people like myself speaking only one language”可知，作者认为出国学习的最大障碍是他不懂任何外语。
(　B　)2. Compared with Leeds University， the university in Salzburg 　.
A. provides more social events
B. has longer university years
C. has more foreign students
D. offers more small classes
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Austrian students usually take five years to complete their courses， so studying there was somewhat more relaxed than at home”可知，奥地利的大学一般是五年制，作者觉得比他在国内的大学要稍微轻松一些。由此推知，萨尔茨堡的大学年制比利兹大学长。
(　A　)3. One advantage the author mentions about Salzburg is that 　.
A. it’s a good location for travelling
B. it has a high-speed rail network
C. it’s the hometown of Mozart
D. it’s full of foreign tourists
【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，在萨尔茨堡坐火车不一会儿就可以到达布拉格、罗马等城市，而且作者也提到在萨尔茨堡学习的一年里他就去过附近的八个国家。由此可知，作者认为萨尔茨堡的地理位置优越，便于旅行。
Ⅲ. 书面表达
建议信
文体感知
导读：建议信是向收信人就某事提出自己的观点、建议的一种文体。注意所提建议要合情合理，同时语气要得体，既要委婉礼貌，又要有说服力。建议信的内容一般包括写信的原因、建议的内容及理由以及结束语。
【素材】
假定你是李华，你的笔友Jackson最近在考虑是否要出国留学，所以他来信征求你的意见。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 阐述观点；
2. 给出理由。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 　应用文(建议信)　
话题 　出国留学　
时态 　一般现在时为主　
人称 　第一人称为主　
【词汇】
1. 使自己接触到
　expose oneself to…/immerse oneself in…　
2. 舒适区　　comfort zone　
3. 首先　　to begin with/first and foremost　
4. 此外；而且
　in addition/what’s more/moreover/furthermore　
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)出国留学让我们走出舒适区，但也可能让我们变得更好。
　Studying abroad pushes us beyond our comfort zone yet it has the potential to transform us positively.　
(2)在我看来，这是最重要的。
　From my perspective， this is the most significant aspect.　
2. 句式升级
用which引导非限制性定语从句连接第1小题中的句(1)和句(2)。
　Studying abroad pushes us beyond our comfort zone， yet it has the potential to transform us positively， which I consider the most significant benefit.　
【妙笔成篇】
Dear Jackson，
I’m thrilled to share my thoughts on whether you should study abroad. Honestly， I firmly believe it’s a worthwhile decision.
First and foremost， studying abroad immerses us in a foreign language environment， making the learning process both engaging and effective. Moreover， by experiencing a different culture， we gain valuable insights into the world， and these cross-cultural experiences help us develop a global perspective. Of course， studying abroad pushes us beyond our comfort zone， yet it has the potential to transform us positively， which I consider the most significant benefit.
I hope my advice proves helpful to you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. re－＋v.→v.
call→　recall　 v.记起；回想起
appear→　reappear　 v.再现
arrange→　rearrange　 v.重新安排
marry→　remarry　 v.再婚
build→　rebuild　 v.重建
unite→　reunite　 v.重聚
2. v.(－ify结尾)＋－cation→n.
qualify→　qualification　 n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
clarify→　clarification　 n.澄清
simplify→　simplification　 n.简化；简化的事物
identify→　identification　 n.识别；鉴定
classify→　classification　 n.分类；归类
purify→　purification　 n.提纯；净化
3. v.(－t结尾)＋－ation→n.
adapt→　adaptation　 n.适应；改编本
present→　presentation　 n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出
expect→　expectation　 n.期望；预期；期待
interpret→　interpretation　 n.诠释；说明
limit→　limitation　 n.限制；控制
transport→　transportation　 n.交通工具；运输工具
consult→　consultation　 n.咨询；商讨；磋商
4. v.＋(或去e)－ure→n.
expose→ 　exposure　 n.接触；体验；暴露；揭露
depart→　departure　 n.离开；启程；出发
please→　pleasure　 n.愉快；娱乐；令人高兴的事
press→　pressure　 n.压力；迫使
fail→　failure　 n.失败
sculpt→　sculpture　 n.雕像；雕塑品
5. n.＋－tic→adj.
optimism→　optimistic　 adj.乐观的
pessimism→　pessimistic　 adj.悲观的
drama→ 　dramatic　 adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的
sympathy→　sympathetic　 adj.同情的；有同情心的
romance→　romantic　 adj.浪漫的；传奇的
fantasy→　fantastic　 adj.极好的；富于想象的
6. n.(－ion结尾)→adj.
ambition→adj. ambitious 　有野心的；有雄心的　
infection→adj. infectious 　传染性的；感染的　
caution→adj. cautious 　谨慎的　
nutrition→adj. nutritious 　有营养的　
religion→adj. religious 　宗教的　
suspicion→adj. suspicious 　怀疑的　
7. v.＋in→及物动词短语
engage in 　(使)从事；参与　
involve in 　参与；卷入　
【v.＋in短语拓展】
join in 　参加(活动)　
participate in 　参加；参与　
major in 　主修　
take in 　吸收；理解；消化　
result in 　造成；导致　
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. This project involves a lot of c omplex　 technical problems， which is beyond our comprehension.
2. I bought my son an a daptation　 for children of a play by Shakespeare； it’s much easier to understand than the original.
3. Our teacher asked me to give a p resentation　 about my vacation plan in English.
4. When you go outside your c omfort　 zone， you will also learn more about yourself.
5. The 　firm　 (公司) has an excellent customer service department.
6. 　Exposure　 (expose) to lead (铅) is known to damage the brains of young children.
7. The 　setting　 (set) of this picture is very beautiful—a blue sky， white clouds and sea.
8. We have to learn to c ooperate　 and compete； the two are not contradictory.
9. Please fasten your seat b elt　 before the plane takes off.
10. I am proud to be a co-founder of this important 　initiative　 (倡议).
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 上大学的第一天，李华就有一个追求，那就是作为交换生去美国学习。但他的第一次申请因为英语口语没过关被拒绝了。然而他没有灰心。相反，他学习英语的动力增强了。他自费报名参加了英语口语培训班，积极参加英语角活动，并参加不同的英语演讲比赛。此外，他还经常去请教他的英语导师。他抓住一切能让他接触英语的机会。最终，因为他优秀的表现和出色的英语能力，他的努力得到了回报。他从众多的申请者中脱颖而出，获得了去美国学习的资格，没有辜负自己的期望。
　The first day　 he went to university， Li Hua had an 　ambition　 to study in the United States as an exchange student. But when he 　applied for　 the first time， he was 　denied　 because he failed in oral English. But he didn’t lose heart. On the contrary， the 　motivation　 to learn English was 　strengthened　. He signed up for oral English training classes at his own 　expense　， actively
　participated in　 the English corner and 　got involved in　 various English speech competitions. In addition， he often consulted his English teaching
　tutor　. He 　grasped　 every opportunity to 　expose　 himself to English. In the end， his efforts 　paid off　 because of his good 　behaviour　 and remarkable 　competence　 in English. He stood out from so many 　applicants　 and 　gained　 the 　qualification　 to study in America， living to his own 　expectation　.　
2. 这是Amy第一次来中国。由于不习惯(这里的)饮食，也不适应(这里的)气候，她有点沮丧。她的寄宿家庭(的主人)李先生和他的妻子及时安慰她。他们不仅帮她提高汉语水平，还带她参与各种社会活动。多亏了他们的帮助，加上她自己乐观的生活态度，她很快就摆脱了文化冲击和思乡之情，学会了怎样在新环境里表现得体，之后就感觉像在家一样自在了。一年后，她要回国了。启程前，当她回忆起这一切时，心里充满了感激之情。
　This was the first time　 that Amy had come to China. She was a little
　depressed　 because she was not 　used to　 the diet and couldn’t 　adapt to　 the climate. Her host family， Mr Li and his wife 　comforted　 her in time. They not only helped her improve her Chinese， but also took her to 　engage in　 various social activities. 　Thanks to　 their help and her own 　optimistic　 attitude towards life， she soon got rid of 　culture shock　 as well as homesickness and learnt how to 　behave　 well in the new 　surroundings　 and 　felt at home　 later. A year later， she was returning. Before 　departure　， when she
　recalled　 all this， she was very grateful in her heart.
3. 在我看来，出国留学能让你更成熟，还会让你在学会从不同的角度看世界的同时更深入地了解我们自己的文化。但据我所知，很多家庭负担不起这笔费用。所以一般来说，在提出申请前，你一定要做好预算并考虑自己的经济能力。
　As far as I’m concerned　， studying abroad can make you more 　mature　 and while learning to view the world from different 　angles　， you can also learn to put more 　insight　 into our own culture. But 　as far as I know　， many families can’t afford it. So 　generally speaking　， before you present your
　application　， you must make a good 　budget　 and take your economic
　competence　 into account.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. 　What　 he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
2. It remains a question 　how/whether　 we can collect so much money in such a short time.
3. Could I speak to　whoever　 is in charge of International Sales， please？
4. I had no idea 　how　 we should do it. I had no idea 　what　 we should do.
5. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to 　where　 he was most needed.
6. It is none of your business 　what　other people think about you. Believe yourself.
7. Choosing the right dictionary depends on 　what　 you want to use it for.
8. 　Whoever　 leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
9. It worried Tracy a bit 　that　 her hair was turning grey.
10. He works hard. It is no wonder 　that　 he has made great progress.
11. Can you tell me 　who/whom　 you are waiting for？
12. What the doctors really doubt is 　whether　 my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
13. People in Hangzhou are proud of 　what　 they have achieved in the past ten years.
14. The last time we had great fun was 　when　 we were visiting the Water Park.
15. Why not try your luck downtown， Bob？That’s 　where　 the best jobs are.
16. When asked 　what　 they needed most， the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
17. Our school is no longer 　what　 it used to be.
18. I have no idea 　how　 I can get to the railway station.
19. 　What　 matters most in learning English is enough practice.

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