资源简介 Unit 1 Science and Scientists1. suspect vt.&vi. 怀疑;疑有;不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象(suspicious adj. 怀疑的;引起怀疑的 suspicion n. 怀疑;疑心)·suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做)某事suspect (that)…怀疑/猜想……·question/interrogate a suspect审问嫌疑人·be suspicious of对……怀疑2. blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责·be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任;应受责备blame sb for sth因某事责备某人;把某事归咎于某人blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于……·take/bear/shoulder the blame (for sth)承担(……的)过错/责任put/place/lay the blame (for sth) on sb把(……的)责任推给某人3. decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低 n.减少;降低;减少量·decrease (from…) to…(从……)减少到……decrease by…降低了……decrease in…在……方面减少/减小/下降·on the decrease在减少a decrease of…(in…)(在……方面)……的减少量4. defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解 [defenc(s)e n.防御;保卫;保护 defensive adj.有戒心的;防御的] ·defend…against/from (doing…)保护……免受……defend oneself自卫;为自己辩护·in defence (of)保护;为了保卫;(为……)辩护in one’s defence为某人辩护5. link n.联系;纽带vt.把……连接起来;相关联·There is a link between…and………和……之间有联系·link…with/to…把……和……联系/连接be linked with/to…和……联系起来6. transform vt. 使改观;使改变形态 (transformation n. 转变;改革 transformative adj. 彻底改观的;变革性的)·transform into…转变为……·undergo a transformation经历变革complete/radical transformation彻底/根本性转变·transformative effect/technology变革性影响/技术7. above all最重要的是;尤其是after all毕竟;别忘了;终究first of all首先;第一all in all整体说来;总而言之in all全部;合计at all(用于否定句)一点也不;完全不;(用于疑问句)到底;究竟1. until引导的时间状语从句Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。·画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句。若主句的谓语动词是延续性的,那么主句须用肯定形式;若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的,则主句常用否定式,构成not…until…结构。·倒装结构:Not until+时间状语从句或短语+助动词+主语+谓语动词。·强调结构:It is/was not until+时间状语从句或短语+that+主句部分。2. so…that…引导的结果状语从句He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现,在两条特定的街道上,霍乱如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。so/such…that…引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。·so…that…句型的常见形式:so+adj./adv.+that…so+adj.+a/an+n.(单数)+that…so+many(多)/few(少)+n.(复数)+that…so+much(多)/little(少)+n.(不可数)+that…·such…that…句型的常见形式:such+a/an+adj.+n.(单数)+that…such+adj.+n.(复数或不可数)+that…·当so/such放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。3. have sth doneAccordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此,他让人拆掉了水泵的手柄,这样水泵就用不成了。have sth done意为“使某事被做;让别人做某事;遭遇、经历某事”。have sb do sth 让某人做某事have sb/sth doing sth让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can’t have sb doing sth不能容忍某人做某事have sth to do有某事要做观察下面的句子,并感知表语从句的用法。1. The problem is that he lacks experience.2. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.4. What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.5. What Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.表语从句位于连系动词之后,对主语的内容加以补充,如说明主语的状态。1. 连接词的用法(1)that引导表语从句用法:①that无意义②that不充当句子成分③that不可省略The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.(that引导表语从句,在从句中无意义,不充当句子成分)你们关系的核心是你们总会去帮助对方。One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.(that引导表语从句,在从句中无意义,不充当句子成分)他最初的发现之一是,科学版块的文章比非科学版块的文章更有可能上榜。(2)whether引导表语从句用法:①whether表示“是否”②whether不充当句子成分③whether不可省略The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.(whether引导表语从句,在从句中不充当成分但有意义)主要的问题是你想要你的手臂在睡袋里面还是外面。(3)连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which引导表语从句,且在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。My family persuaded me that a holiday might be just what the doctor ordered,so off I went.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“所……的”)我的家人说服我,假期可能正是医生要求的,所以我就去了。The most important is who will be in charge of the evening party.(who引导表语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“谁”)最重要的是谁将负责这次晚会。(4)连接副词where、when、why、how引导表语从句,且在从句中充当地点状语、时间状语、原因状语或方式状语。That’s where you are wrong.(where引导表语从句,在从句中作地点状语,意为“在那个地方”)那就是你不对的地方。The problem is how we can find him.(how引导表语从句,在从句中作方式状语,意为“如何;怎么”)问题是我们如何能找到他。(5)because、as if/as though引导表语从句时,because常置于be、seem、appear等连系动词后面;as if/as though常置于look、sound、taste等连系动词后面。I know that it is because I don’t spend some time in memorising them after class.(because引导表语从句,句型it is because…意为“这是因为……”)我知道这是因为我下课后没有花些时间记住它们。It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.(as if 引导表语从句,句型it seemed as if…意为“似乎……”)似乎除了我,每个人都交了朋友,玩得很开心。2. 注意事项(1)在表语从句中,即使从句有疑问意义,从句的语序也要用陈述句语序。That’s where I first met her.(陈述句语序)那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。This is why we love our motherland so much.(陈述句语序)这就是为什么我们那么热爱祖国。(2)当主语是reason或why…且表语从句表示原因时,通常用that引导,而不用because。The reason why I love Western music is that the piece of music named Fate Symphony by Beethoven has inspired me a lot to move on when I am in difficulty.(that引导表语从句,句型The reason why…is that…意为“……的理由是……”)我之所以喜欢西方音乐,是因为贝多芬那首名为《命运交响曲》的乐曲在我困难时极大地激励了我,让我继续前进。(3)表语从句中的虚拟语气在表语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等,且主句中的主语为advice、suggestion、proposal、request、order、idea等表示提议或要求等意义的名词时,从句需要用虚拟语气,谓语形式是“should+动词原形”(should可以省略,但不可换成would)。Another suggestion is that you (should) give us more chances to practise speaking.另一个建议是你应该给我们更多练习口语的机会。3. 几组辨析(1)why和because引导表语从句的区别That’s why… 意为“那就是为什么……”(强调结果)That’s because… 意为“那是因为……”(强调原因) That is mainly because at that time I will be occupied in taking care of my little sister.那主要是因为那时我将忙于照顾我的妹妹。That’s why I value it more than any other gift I received that day.那就是为什么我把它看得比那天收到的任何一个礼物都重要。(2)what和that引导表语从句的区别①what在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,表示“什么;什么样子;或所……的(人或事)等”。 ②that在从句中仅起连接作用,无实际意义,在从句中不充当任何成分,不能省略。This is what the outstanding assistant has done for the astronomer.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“所……的”)这就是这位出色的助理为这位天文学家所做的事情。The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite.这只风筝和他们在课程中制作的风筝的区别在于,它是一个双弦可控风筝。1. 用恰当的引导词填空(1)My good news is we have achieved satisfactory results in the last examination.(2)What puzzles me is took my books without asking me yesterday.(3)The question remains they will be able to help us.(4)My advice is we (should) start early tomorrow.(5)The reason why he was absent from work was he was ill.(6)He couldn’t answer you in English.That was he knew little English.(7)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is they need an English trainer.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)2. 补全句子(1)听起来好像有人在敲门。It sounds .(2)家是你能够找到爱和关怀的地方。Home is .(3)问题是什么造成了这次事故。The question is . 本单元的写作任务是写一篇评论科学精神的文章。写此类文章,可通过介绍某位或几位著名科学家的事迹,从中总结出科学家的某些品质。要求所举事例符合人物特征并能突出其科学精神。文章时态多用一般现在时和一般过去时。具体写作结构如图所示:1. 开头句(1)Born in 1911,he/she was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.生于1911年,他/她是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。(2)He/She was a great man/woman with the name of…他/她因……而闻名。(3)He/She studied at a key local high school and graduated from Tsinghua University.他/她曾就读于当地的一所重点高中,并毕业于清华大学。2. 中间句(1)He/She got an award in 1998 for having played an important role in scientific research.因为在科学研究中发挥了重要作用,他/她在1998年获奖。(2)He/She is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect him/her.他/她是一个如此博学/意志坚定的人,我们都钦佩/尊敬他/她。(3)He/She devoted all his/her life to scientific research and his/her scientific findings benefited people all over the world.他/她一生致力于科学研究,他/她的科学发现使全世界人民受益。3. 结尾句(1)Such is Zhong Nanshan, a great man who has made great achievements in the field of Medicine.这就是钟南山,一个在医学领域里取得了巨大成就的伟人。(2)In a word, he/she is highly thought of by all Chinese people.总之,他/她受到了所有中国人的高度评价。(3)There is no doubt that he/she is regarded as one of the most successful scientists in the world.毫无疑问,他/她被认为是世界上最成功的科学家之一。1. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的adj.2. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的adj.3. 感染;传染n.4. 认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费) vi.5. 证据;证明;检验n.6. 数量多的;多种多样的 adj.7. 一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 n.8. 怀疑;疑有;不信任vt.& vi. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象n.9. 把……归咎于;责怪;指责vt. 责备;指责n.10. 处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) vt. 把手;拉手;柄n.11. 把……连接起来;相关联vt. 联系;纽带n.12. 未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的adj.13. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的adj.14. (使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低vt.& vi. 减少;降低;减少量n.15. 统计数字;统计资料;统计学n.[pl.-s]16. 使改观;使改变形态vt. 改变;转变vi.17. 显微镜 n. 18. 思想;思维;见解 n.19. 病毒 n.20. 发现;调查结果;(法律)判决 n.21. 最初的;开始的;第一的adj.22. 倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) vt.23. 可靠的;固体的;坚实的adj. 固体n.24. 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷vt.25. 阴影;影子;背光处 n. 26. 彩虹 n.27. 保卫;防守;辩解vt. 28. 助理;助手 n.29. 领导;领导地位;领导才能n.30. 优秀的;杰出的;明显的adj.31. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的adj.32. 抽象的;理论上的adj. (文献等的)摘要n.33. 概念;观念n.34. 天文学家n.35. 混凝土n. 混凝土制的;确实的;具体的adj.36. 弱点;过错n.37. 转移;挪动;转向vi.& vt. 改变;转换;轮班n.38. 除……之外(还) prep. 而且;此外adv.39. 此外;再者adv.40. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的adj.41. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的adj.42. missile 43. astronomy44. protein 45. mechanic46. intervention 47. substantial48. cholera 49. diarrhoea50. dehydration 51. infect52. germ 53. pump54. epidemiology 55. vaccine56. plasma 57. aerospace58. patriotic 59. mechanical60. aviation 61. jet62. trace 63. steady64. cell 65. framework1. 得出结论2. 死于……3. 处理;对付;照料;关怀4. 生孩子5. 最终地;彻底地6. 一般而言;总的来说7. 同意;赞同8. 下定决心做……9. 应受责备;该负责任10. 由于……11. 很可能会做……12. 幸亏;由于13. 处理;应付;与……打交道14. 有意义;讲得通15. 依赖;依靠;取决于16. 开始做……17. 实施;执行;实行18. 集中精力于;聚焦于19. 在意;关心20. 与……有关21. 产生阴影;投影22. 给……施加压力23. 对……有很大影响24. 把……描述为……25. (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发26. 作出做……的决定27. 由……转换到……28. 在……的过程中29. 主管;掌管30. 阻止……做……31. 接受挑战32. 在某人的领导下33. 追溯;追溯到34. 熟悉……35. 患(病);染上(小病)36. 指出37. 梦想38. 在某人与……作斗争的过程中39. 最重要的是;尤其是1. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。Cholera in the world, a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.2. 19世纪初,欧洲暴发霍乱,数百万人死于这种疾病。In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera Europe, .3. 起初,斯诺在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。Snow began by marking on a map the exact places .4. 斯诺怀疑是水泵造成的。Snow .5. 这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵抽上来的水,所以她每天都要让人把水运送到家里。the woman liked the water from the pump every day.6. 因此,他让人拆掉了水泵的手柄,这样水泵就用不成了。Accordingly, he .7. 与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比,饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。The people who drank this water get cholera .8. 因此,斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。, Snow the father of modern epidemiology.9. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。Perhaps China’s aerospace science Qian Xuesen.10. 钱学森备受人们的尊敬,《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人,并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and , , , Qian was an extremely well-respected man.11. 当被问到“我们中国人能制造导弹吗?”他的回答是坚定的:“为什么不能呢?同样的东西,别人能做,我们中国人也有能力做”。“Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, his reply was a determined “ ? We Chinese are able to make .”12. 在钱学森的领导下,中国研制了“东风”导弹,随后又研制了第一代“长征”系列火箭。, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, the first generation of Long March rockets.13. 他愿意说出别人不敢说的话,也愿意去做别人不敢做的梦。He , and .基础词汇 拓展词汇1 severe adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 adv. 严重地;严厉地;严格地 n. 严重;严厉;苛刻 n. 严重;艰难2 vt. 使(食物)脱水 vt. & vi. 脱水;使(身体)脱水 dehydration n. 脱水 adj. 脱水的 n. 脱水器;脱水剂3 vt. 使懊丧;使懊恼;使沮丧 n. 懊丧;懊恼;沮丧;令人懊丧(或懊恼、沮丧)的事物 frustrated adj. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的 adj. 令人懊恼的;令人沮丧的4 v. 反驳;驳斥;批驳 n. (事实、看法、行动等的)不一致;矛盾;对立 contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的 /5 infect vt.使感染;传染 n. 感染;传染 adj. 传染性的;感染的(尤指通过呼吸) adj. 带菌的;感染病菌的;受感染的6 subscribe vi. 认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费) n. (报刊等的)订阅费;订购款;订阅;订购;会(员)费;会(员)费的缴纳 n. (报刊的)订阅人;订购者;订户;(慈善机关等的)定期捐款者 subscriptive adj. 签名的;预约的;订费的7 proof n. 证据;证明;检验 vt. 证明;证实;后来被发现是;最终显现为 adj. 被证明的;已证实的 vt. 证明……是错误(或虚假)的8 multiple adj. 数量多的;多种多样的 vt. & vi. 乘;乘以;成倍增加;迅速增加 n. 乘;相乘;增加 multiplier n. 乘数;倍数9 suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑;疑有;不信任n. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 n. 怀疑;嫌疑;猜疑;怀疑;不放心 adj. 感觉可疑的;怀疑的;不信任的;持怀疑态度的 unsuspecting adj. 毫不怀疑的;无危险意识的;无戒备心的10 handle n. 把手;拉手;柄 vt. 处理;搬动;操纵 (车辆、动物、工具等) n. 搬运工;操作者;组织者;顾问 n. (对形势、人、动物等的)处理;对付;对待;组织;控制;管理 /11 vi. 出面;介入 vt. & vi.插嘴;打断(别人的话) intervention n. 介入;出面;干涉 adj. 发生于其间的;介于中间的 interventionism n. 政府干预(政策)12 link n. 联系;纽带 vt. 把……连接起来;相关联 n. 连接;联系;链环;连锁 n. 连接器;链接器 /13 pure adj. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的 n. 纯洁;纯净;纯粹 adv. 仅仅;完全;纯粹地 vt. 使(某物)洁净;净化;净化(心灵);提纯;精炼14 statistic n. [pl.-s]统计数字;统计资料;统计学 adj. 统计的;统计学的 n. 统计学家;统计员 adv. 统计地;统计学上15 transform vt. 使改观;使改变形态 vi. 改变;转变 n. (彻底的)变化;改观;转变;改革 adj. 彻底改观的;使大变样的;有改造能力的 n. 变压器16 thinking n. 思想;思维;见解 n. 思想家;独立思考的人 n. 想法;看法;主意;心思;思想 adj. 可想象的;想象得出来的17 vt. 发现;碰到;找到;找回;查明 finding n. 发现;调查结果;(法律)判决 n.发现者;寻得者 /18 initial adj. 最初的;开始的;第一的 adv. 开始;最初;起初 vt. 预置;使初始化 /19 vaccine n. 疫苗 vt. 给……接种疫苗;给……打预防针 n. 接种疫苗;种痘 vaccinia n. (医)牛痘;牛痘病毒20 solid adj. 可靠的;固体的;坚实的n. 固体 n. 固态;坚固性;可靠性 vi. & vt. (使)凝固;(使)变硬;(使)变得坚定 adv. 坚固地;结实地;牢固地;一致地21 shadow n. 阴影;影子;背光处 adj. 阴暗的;幽暗的;阴影中的;昏暗的;朦胧的;神秘莫测的 vt. 使显得逊色;使黯然失色 /22 n. 爱国者 n. 爱国主义;爱国精神 patriotic adj. 爱国的 adv. 爱国地;忧国地23 mechanic n. 机械师;机械修理工 adj. 机械的;发动机的;机器的 adv. 机械地;呆板地;习惯性地 n. 机械装置;机件;方法;机制24 defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩解 n. 防御;保护;保卫;辩解;辩护 adj. 防御的;保护的;保卫的;防守的;戒备的 n. 防守队员;后卫;守卫者;保护人;防御者25 vi. & vt. 帮助;协助;援助 assistant n. 助理;助手 n. 帮助;援助;支持 /26 vi. & vt. 带路;领路;引领;处于领先地位 n. 领导者;领袖;首领;处于领先地位的人(或物) leadership n. 领导;领导地位;领导才能 adj. 最重要的;一流的;(赛跑或比赛中)领先的27 trace vt. 追溯;追踪;查出 n. 痕迹;遗迹;踪迹 adj. 可追溯的;可追踪的;可追本溯源的 n. 描摹;摹图;描图 n. 曳光弹;示踪剂28 abstract adj. 抽象的;理论上的 n. (文献等的)摘要 n. 抽象概念;抽象;提取;抽取;分离;出神 adj. 出神的;心神专注的 adv. 抽象地;理论上地29 steady adj. 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 adv. 逐渐地;稳步地;稳定地;镇定地;固定地;牢固地 n. 稳定;稳健;不变;稳固 /30 concept n. 概念;观念 adj. 概念(上)的;观念(上)的 n. 概念;构思;构想;设想 vi. & vt. 使形成观念;将……概念化31 astronomy n. 天文学 n. 天文学家 adj. 天文学的;天文的;极其巨大的 adv. 天文学上地;天体地32 brilliant adj. 聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的 n. 光辉;灿烂;才智;才华 adv. 灿烂地;辉煌地;光亮地 /33 fault n. 弱点;过错;过失 adj. 不完美的;有错误的;有缺陷的 adj. 没有错误的;无缺点的;完美无缺的 adv. 不完美地34 vivid adj. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的 adv. 生动地;强烈地 n. 生动;活泼;明亮 vt. (使)更有生气;(使)更生动Unit 1 Science and Scientists1. suspect vt.&vi. 怀疑;疑有;不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象(suspicious adj. 怀疑的;引起怀疑的 suspicion n. 怀疑;疑心)·suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做)某事suspect (that)…怀疑/猜想……·question/interrogate a suspect审问嫌疑人·be suspicious of对……怀疑2. blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责·be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任;应受责备blame sb for sth因某事责备某人;把某事归咎于某人blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于……·take/bear/shoulder the blame (for sth)承担(……的)过错/责任put/place/lay the blame (for sth) on sb把(……的)责任推给某人3. decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低 n.减少;降低;减少量·decrease (from…) to…(从……)减少到……decrease by…降低了……decrease in…在……方面减少/减小/下降·on the decrease在减少a decrease of…(in…)(在……方面)……的减少量4. defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解 [defenc(s)e n.防御;保卫;保护 defensive adj.有戒心的;防御的] ·defend…against/from (doing…)保护……免受……defend oneself自卫;为自己辩护·in defence (of)保护;为了保卫;(为……)辩护in one’s defence为某人辩护5. link n.联系;纽带vt.把……连接起来;相关联·There is a link between…and………和……之间有联系·link…with/to…把……和……联系/连接be linked with/to…和……联系起来6. transform vt. 使改观;使改变形态 (transformation n. 转变;改革 transformative adj. 彻底改观的;变革性的)·transform into…转变为……·undergo a transformation经历变革complete/radical transformation彻底/根本性转变·transformative effect/technology变革性影响/技术7. above all最重要的是;尤其是after all毕竟;别忘了;终究first of all首先;第一all in all整体说来;总而言之in all全部;合计at all(用于否定句)一点也不;完全不;(用于疑问句)到底;究竟1. until引导的时间状语从句Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。·画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句。若主句的谓语动词是延续性的,那么主句须用肯定形式;若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的,则主句常用否定式,构成not…until…结构。·倒装结构:Not until+时间状语从句或短语+助动词+主语+谓语动词。·强调结构:It is/was not until+时间状语从句或短语+that+主句部分。2. so…that…引导的结果状语从句He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现,在两条特定的街道上,霍乱如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。so/such…that…引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。·so…that…句型的常见形式:so+adj./adv.+that…so+adj.+a/an+n.(单数)+that…so+many(多)/few(少)+n.(复数)+that…so+much(多)/little(少)+n.(不可数)+that…·such…that…句型的常见形式:such+a/an+adj.+n.(单数)+that…such+adj.+n.(复数或不可数)+that…·当so/such放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。3. have sth doneAccordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此,他让人拆掉了水泵的手柄,这样水泵就用不成了。have sth done意为“使某事被做;让别人做某事;遭遇、经历某事”。have sb do sth 让某人做某事have sb/sth doing sth让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can’t have sb doing sth不能容忍某人做某事have sth to do有某事要做观察下面的句子,并感知表语从句的用法。1. The problem is that he lacks experience.2. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.4. What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.5. What Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.表语从句位于连系动词之后,对主语的内容加以补充,如说明主语的状态。1. 连接词的用法(1)that引导表语从句用法:①that无意义②that不充当句子成分③that不可省略The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.(that引导表语从句,在从句中无意义,不充当句子成分)你们关系的核心是你们总会去帮助对方。One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.(that引导表语从句,在从句中无意义,不充当句子成分)他最初的发现之一是,科学版块的文章比非科学版块的文章更有可能上榜。(2)whether引导表语从句用法:①whether表示“是否”②whether不充当句子成分③whether不可省略The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.(whether引导表语从句,在从句中不充当成分但有意义)主要的问题是你想要你的手臂在睡袋里面还是外面。(3)连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which引导表语从句,且在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。My family persuaded me that a holiday might be just what the doctor ordered,so off I went.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“所……的”)我的家人说服我,假期可能正是医生要求的,所以我就去了。The most important is who will be in charge of the evening party.(who引导表语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“谁”)最重要的是谁将负责这次晚会。(4)连接副词where、when、why、how引导表语从句,且在从句中充当地点状语、时间状语、原因状语或方式状语。That’s where you are wrong.(where引导表语从句,在从句中作地点状语,意为“在那个地方”)那就是你不对的地方。The problem is how we can find him.(how引导表语从句,在从句中作方式状语,意为“如何;怎么”)问题是我们如何能找到他。(5)because、as if/as though引导表语从句时,because常置于be、seem、appear等连系动词后面;as if/as though常置于look、sound、taste等连系动词后面。I know that it is because I don’t spend some time in memorising them after class.(because引导表语从句,句型it is because…意为“这是因为……”)我知道这是因为我下课后没有花些时间记住它们。It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.(as if 引导表语从句,句型it seemed as if…意为“似乎……”)似乎除了我,每个人都交了朋友,玩得很开心。2. 注意事项(1)在表语从句中,即使从句有疑问意义,从句的语序也要用陈述句语序。That’s where I first met her.(陈述句语序)那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。This is why we love our motherland so much.(陈述句语序)这就是为什么我们那么热爱祖国。(2)当主语是reason或why…且表语从句表示原因时,通常用that引导,而不用because。The reason why I love Western music is that the piece of music named Fate Symphony by Beethoven has inspired me a lot to move on when I am in difficulty.(that引导表语从句,句型The reason why…is that…意为“……的理由是……”)我之所以喜欢西方音乐,是因为贝多芬那首名为《命运交响曲》的乐曲在我困难时极大地激励了我,让我继续前进。(3)表语从句中的虚拟语气在表语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等,且主句中的主语为advice、suggestion、proposal、request、order、idea等表示提议或要求等意义的名词时,从句需要用虚拟语气,谓语形式是“should+动词原形”(should可以省略,但不可换成would)。Another suggestion is that you (should) give us more chances to practise speaking.另一个建议是你应该给我们更多练习口语的机会。3. 几组辨析(1)why和because引导表语从句的区别That’s why… 意为“那就是为什么……”(强调结果)That’s because… 意为“那是因为……”(强调原因) That is mainly because at that time I will be occupied in taking care of my little sister.那主要是因为那时我将忙于照顾我的妹妹。That’s why I value it more than any other gift I received that day.那就是为什么我把它看得比那天收到的任何一个礼物都重要。(2)what和that引导表语从句的区别①what在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,表示“什么;什么样子;或所……的(人或事)等”。 ②that在从句中仅起连接作用,无实际意义,在从句中不充当任何成分,不能省略。This is what the outstanding assistant has done for the astronomer.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“所……的”)这就是这位出色的助理为这位天文学家所做的事情。The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite.这只风筝和他们在课程中制作的风筝的区别在于,它是一个双弦可控风筝。1. 用恰当的引导词填空(1)My good news is that we have achieved satisfactory results in the last examination.(2)What puzzles me is who took my books without asking me yesterday.(3)The question remains whether they will be able to help us.(4)My advice is that we (should) start early tomorrow.(5)The reason why he was absent from work was that he was ill.(6)He couldn’t answer you in English.That was because he knew little English.(7)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is why they need an English trainer.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)2. 补全句子(1)听起来好像有人在敲门。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door .(2)家是你能够找到爱和关怀的地方。Home is where you can find love and care .(3)问题是什么造成了这次事故。The question is what caused the accident . 本单元的写作任务是写一篇评论科学精神的文章。写此类文章,可通过介绍某位或几位著名科学家的事迹,从中总结出科学家的某些品质。要求所举事例符合人物特征并能突出其科学精神。文章时态多用一般现在时和一般过去时。具体写作结构如图所示:1. 开头句(1)Born in 1911,he/she was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.生于1911年,他/她是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。(2)He/She was a great man/woman with the name of…他/她因……而闻名。(3)He/She studied at a key local high school and graduated from Tsinghua University.他/她曾就读于当地的一所重点高中,并毕业于清华大学。2. 中间句(1)He/She got an award in 1998 for having played an important role in scientific research.因为在科学研究中发挥了重要作用,他/她在1998年获奖。(2)He/She is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect him/her.他/她是一个如此博学/意志坚定的人,我们都钦佩/尊敬他/她。(3)He/She devoted all his/her life to scientific research and his/her scientific findings benefited people all over the world.他/她一生致力于科学研究,他/她的科学发现使全世界人民受益。3. 结尾句(1)Such is Zhong Nanshan, a great man who has made great achievements in the field of Medicine.这就是钟南山,一个在医学领域里取得了巨大成就的伟人。(2)In a word, he/she is highly thought of by all Chinese people.总之,他/她受到了所有中国人的高度评价。(3)There is no doubt that he/she is regarded as one of the most successful scientists in the world.毫无疑问,他/她被认为是世界上最成功的科学家之一。1. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的adj. severe 2. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的adj. contradictory 3. 感染;传染n. infection 4. 认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费) vi. subscribe 5. 证据;证明;检验n. proof 6. 数量多的;多种多样的 adj. multiple 7. 一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 n. household 8. 怀疑;疑有;不信任vt.& vi. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象n. suspect 9. 把……归咎于;责怪;指责vt. 责备;指责n. blame 10. 处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) vt. 把手;拉手;柄n. handle 11. 把……连接起来;相关联vt. 联系;纽带n. link 12. 未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的adj. raw 13. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的adj. pure 14. (使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低vt.& vi. 减少;降低;减少量n. decrease 15. 统计数字;统计资料;统计学n.[pl.-s] statistic 16. 使改观;使改变形态vt. 改变;转变vi. transform 17. 显微镜 n. microscope 18. 思想;思维;见解 n. thinking 19. 病毒 n. virus 20. 发现;调查结果;(法律)判决 n. finding 21. 最初的;开始的;第一的adj. initial 22. 倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) vt. pour 23. 可靠的;固体的;坚实的adj. 固体n. solid 24. 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷vt. cast 25. 阴影;影子;背光处 n. shadow 26. 彩虹 n. rainbow 27. 保卫;防守;辩解vt. defend 28. 助理;助手 n. assistant 29. 领导;领导地位;领导才能n. leadership 30. 优秀的;杰出的;明显的adj. outstanding 31. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的adj. gifted 32. 抽象的;理论上的adj. (文献等的)摘要n. abstract 33. 概念;观念n. concept 34. 天文学家n. astronomer 35. 混凝土n. 混凝土制的;确实的;具体的adj. concrete 36. 弱点;过错n. fault 37. 转移;挪动;转向vi.& vt. 改变;转换;轮班n. shift 38. 除……之外(还) prep. 而且;此外adv. besides 39. 此外;再者adv. furthermore 40. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的adj. vivid 41. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的adj. frustrated 42. missile 导弹 43. astronomy 天文学 44. protein 蛋白质 45. mechanic 机械师;机械修理工 46. intervention 介入;出面;干涉 47. substantial 大量的;价值巨大的;重大的 48. cholera 霍乱 49. diarrhoea 腹泻 50. dehydration 脱水 51. infect 使感染;传染 52. germ 微生物;细菌;病菌 53. pump 泵;抽水机;打气筒 54. epidemiology 流行病学 55. vaccine 疫苗 56. plasma 血浆 57. aerospace 航空航天工业 58. patriotic 爱国的 59. mechanical 机械的;发动机的;机器的 60. aviation 航空制造业;航空;飞行 61. jet 喷气式飞机 62. trace 追溯;追踪;查出;痕迹;遗迹;踪迹 63. steady 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 64. cell 细胞;小房间;单间牢房 65. framework 框架;结构 1. 得出结论 draw a conclusion 2. 死于…… die from/of 3. 处理;对付;照料;关怀 attend to 4. 生孩子 give birth 5. 最终地;彻底地 once and for all 6. 一般而言;总的来说 in general 7. 同意;赞同 subscribe to 8. 下定决心做…… be determined to do 9. 应受责备;该负责任 be to blame 10. 由于…… as a result of 11. 很可能会做…… be likely to do 12. 幸亏;由于 thanks to 13. 处理;应付;与……打交道 deal with 14. 有意义;讲得通 make sense 15. 依赖;依靠;取决于 depend on/upon 16. 开始做…… get down to doing 17. 实施;执行;实行 carry out 18. 集中精力于;聚焦于 focus on 19. 在意;关心 care about 20. 与……有关 relate to 21. 产生阴影;投影 cast shadows 22. 给……施加压力 put pressure on 23. 对……有很大影响 have a great impact on 24. 把……描述为…… describe…as… 25. (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发 break out 26. 作出做……的决定 make the decision to do 27. 由……转换到…… switch…to… 28. 在……的过程中 over the course of 29. 主管;掌管 in charge of 30. 阻止……做…… discourage…from… 31. 接受挑战 take on the challenge 32. 在某人的领导下 under one’s leadership 33. 追溯;追溯到 trace back to 34. 熟悉…… be familiar with 35. 患(病);染上(小病) come down with 36. 指出 point out 37. 梦想 dream of/about 38. 在某人与……作斗争的过程中 in one’s fight against… 39. 最重要的是;尤其是 above all 1. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.2. 19世纪初,欧洲暴发霍乱,数百万人死于这种疾病。In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease .3. 起初,斯诺在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived .4. 斯诺怀疑是水泵造成的。Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame .5. 这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵抽上来的水,所以她每天都要让人把水运送到家里。 It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.6. 因此,他让人拆掉了水泵的手柄,这样水泵就用不成了。Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used .7. 与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比,饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water .8. 因此,斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。 For this reason , Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.9. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.10. 钱学森备受人们的尊敬,《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人,并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort , achievement , and devotion , Qian was an extremely well-respected man.11. 当被问到“我们中国人能制造导弹吗?”他的回答是坚定的:“为什么不能呢?同样的东西,别人能做,我们中国人也有能力做”。 When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, his reply was a determined “ Why not ? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make .”12. 在钱学森的领导下,中国研制了“东风”导弹,随后又研制了第一代“长征”系列火箭。 Under Qian’s leadership , China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.13. 他愿意说出别人不敢说的话,也愿意去做别人不敢做的梦。He was willing to say what others were afraid to say , and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about .基础词汇 拓展词汇1 severe adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 severely adv. 严重地;严厉地;严格地 severity n. 严重;严厉;苛刻 severeness n. 严重;艰难2 dehydrate vt. 使(食物)脱水 vt. & vi. 脱水;使(身体)脱水 dehydration n. 脱水 dehydrated adj. 脱水的 dehydrator n. 脱水器;脱水剂3 frustrate vt. 使懊丧;使懊恼;使沮丧 frustration n. 懊丧;懊恼;沮丧;令人懊丧(或懊恼、沮丧)的事物 frustrated adj. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的 frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的;令人沮丧的4 contradict v. 反驳;驳斥;批驳 contradiction n. (事实、看法、行动等的)不一致;矛盾;对立 contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的 /5 infect vt.使感染;传染 infection n. 感染;传染 infectious adj. 传染性的;感染的(尤指通过呼吸) infected adj. 带菌的;感染病菌的;受感染的6 subscribe vi. 认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费) subscription n. (报刊等的)订阅费;订购款;订阅;订购;会(员)费;会(员)费的缴纳 subscriber n. (报刊的)订阅人;订购者;订户;(慈善机关等的)定期捐款者 subscriptive adj. 签名的;预约的;订费的7 proof n. 证据;证明;检验 prove vt. 证明;证实;后来被发现是;最终显现为 proven adj. 被证明的;已证实的 disprove vt. 证明……是错误(或虚假)的8 multiple adj. 数量多的;多种多样的 multiply vt. & vi. 乘;乘以;成倍增加;迅速增加 multiplication n. 乘;相乘;增加 multiplier n. 乘数;倍数9 suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑;疑有;不信任n. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 suspicion n. 怀疑;嫌疑;猜疑;怀疑;不放心 suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的;怀疑的;不信任的;持怀疑态度的 unsuspecting adj. 毫不怀疑的;无危险意识的;无戒备心的10 handle n. 把手;拉手;柄 vt. 处理;搬动;操纵 (车辆、动物、工具等) handler n. 搬运工;操作者;组织者;顾问 handling n. (对形势、人、动物等的)处理;对付;对待;组织;控制;管理 /11 intervene vi. 出面;介入 vt. & vi.插嘴;打断(别人的话) intervention n. 介入;出面;干涉 intervening adj. 发生于其间的;介于中间的 interventionism n. 政府干预(政策)12 link n. 联系;纽带 vt. 把……连接起来;相关联 linkage n. 连接;联系;链环;连锁 linker n. 连接器;链接器 /13 pure adj. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的 purity n. 纯洁;纯净;纯粹 purely adv. 仅仅;完全;纯粹地 purify vt. 使(某物)洁净;净化;净化(心灵);提纯;精炼14 statistic n. [pl.-s]统计数字;统计资料;统计学 statistical adj. 统计的;统计学的 statistician n. 统计学家;统计员 statistically adv. 统计地;统计学上15 transform vt. 使改观;使改变形态 vi. 改变;转变 transformation n. (彻底的)变化;改观;转变;改革 transformative adj. 彻底改观的;使大变样的;有改造能力的 transformer n. 变压器16 thinking n. 思想;思维;见解 thinker n. 思想家;独立思考的人 thought n. 想法;看法;主意;心思;思想 thinkable adj. 可想象的;想象得出来的17 find vt. 发现;碰到;找到;找回;查明 finding n. 发现;调查结果;(法律)判决 finder n.发现者;寻得者 /18 initial adj. 最初的;开始的;第一的 initially adv. 开始;最初;起初 initialise vt. 预置;使初始化 /19 vaccine n. 疫苗 vaccinate vt. 给……接种疫苗;给……打预防针 vaccination n. 接种疫苗;种痘 vaccinia n. (医)牛痘;牛痘病毒20 solid adj. 可靠的;固体的;坚实的n. 固体 solidity n. 固态;坚固性;可靠性 solidify vi. & vt. (使)凝固;(使)变硬;(使)变得坚定 solidly adv. 坚固地;结实地;牢固地;一致地21 shadow n. 阴影;影子;背光处 shadowy adj. 阴暗的;幽暗的;阴影中的;昏暗的;朦胧的;神秘莫测的 overshadow vt. 使显得逊色;使黯然失色 /22 patriot n. 爱国者 patriotism n. 爱国主义;爱国精神 patriotic adj. 爱国的 patriotically adv. 爱国地;忧国地23 mechanic n. 机械师;机械修理工 mechanical adj. 机械的;发动机的;机器的 mechanically adv. 机械地;呆板地;习惯性地 mechanism n. 机械装置;机件;方法;机制24 defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩解 defense n. 防御;保护;保卫;辩解;辩护 defensive adj. 防御的;保护的;保卫的;防守的;戒备的 defender n. 防守队员;后卫;守卫者;保护人;防御者25 assist vi. & vt. 帮助;协助;援助 assistant n. 助理;助手 assistance n. 帮助;援助;支持 /26 lead vi. & vt. 带路;领路;引领;处于领先地位 leader n. 领导者;领袖;首领;处于领先地位的人(或物) leadership n. 领导;领导地位;领导才能 leading adj. 最重要的;一流的;(赛跑或比赛中)领先的27 trace vt. 追溯;追踪;查出 n. 痕迹;遗迹;踪迹 traceable adj. 可追溯的;可追踪的;可追本溯源的 tracing n. 描摹;摹图;描图 tracer n. 曳光弹;示踪剂28 abstract adj. 抽象的;理论上的 n. (文献等的)摘要 abstraction n. 抽象概念;抽象;提取;抽取;分离;出神 abstracted adj. 出神的;心神专注的 abstractly adv. 抽象地;理论上地29 steady adj. 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 steadily adv. 逐渐地;稳步地;稳定地;镇定地;固定地;牢固地 steadiness n. 稳定;稳健;不变;稳固 /30 concept n. 概念;观念 conceptual adj. 概念(上)的;观念(上)的 conception n. 概念;构思;构想;设想 conceptualise vi. & vt. 使形成观念;将……概念化31 astronomy n. 天文学 astronomer n. 天文学家 astronomical adj. 天文学的;天文的;极其巨大的 astronomically adv. 天文学上地;天体地32 brilliant adj. 聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的 brilliance n. 光辉;灿烂;才智;才华 brilliantly adv. 灿烂地;辉煌地;光亮地 /33 fault n. 弱点;过错;过失 faulty adj. 不完美的;有错误的;有缺陷的 faultless adj. 没有错误的;无缺点的;完美无缺的 faultily adv. 不完美地34 vivid adj. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的 vividly adv. 生动地;强烈地 vividness n. 生动;活泼;明亮 vivify vt. (使)更有生气;(使)更生动 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Unit 1 Science and Scientists - 学生版.docx Unit 1 Science and Scientists.docx