资源简介 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures1. comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰(comfortable adj.舒适的;舒服的 comfortably adv.舒服地 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的)·be a comfort to sb对某人来说是个安慰in comfort=comfortably舒适地to one’s comfort 令人宽慰的是·comfort sb with sth 用某物安慰某人2. engage vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣);雇用(engaged adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的;占线的;使用中的 engagement n.订婚;约定)·engage sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事engage (sb) in (使某人)从事;参与·be engaged to sb 与某人订婚be engaged in忙于……;从事于……3. involve vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加(involved adj.参与的;投入的 involvement n.参与;投入)·involve (doing) sth包含;需要(做)某事involve oneself in sth 参加……·be/get involved in参与;卷入;与……有关联;专注于4. expectation n.期望;预期;期待(expect vt.期待;期望;预料;预期 expected adj.预期的;预料的 unexpected adj.出乎意料的;意外的 unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地)·live up to/meet one’s expectations不负某人所望beyond/out of one’s expectations出乎某人的意料·expect (sb) to do sth预计/期望(某人)做某事as expected正如所料;不出所料5. expose vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)(exposure n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露)expose…to…使……暴露于……;使……体验……be exposed to暴露于;接触1. It was the first time that…It was the first time that she had left China.这是她第一次离开中国。·“It/This/That+was+the first/second/…time (that)+过去完成时”意为“某人过去第一/第二/……次做某事”。·“It/This/That+is+the first/second/…time (that)+现在完成时”意为“某人现在第一/第二/……次做某事”。·“It is/was (about/high) time that…should do sth/did sth”意为“到了……做某事的时间了”,should可以省略。本句型相当于It is/was (about/high) time for sb to do sth。·“There was a time when…+过去完成时”意为“曾经有一段时间……”。2. 疑问词+动词不定式I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for.我得学会如何使用公共交通,以及如何询问那些我不知道英文名称的东西。·“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。·在“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。·why或why not后加动词不定式时,省略不定式符号to。·whether后可接不定式,而if后不可以。3. 状语从句的省略Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时,有些人可能会感到吃力,并承受文化冲击的折磨。状语从句的省略有两种形式:·当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。·当从句中含有“it+be动词”时,可将it和be动词省略。观察下面的句子,并感知名词性从句的用法。1. You can watch some movies and study how people speak.2. Why don’t you come back next week to tell me what people eat during festival.3. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.4. Why the school denied his application is still unknown.5. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.6. Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is what is generally called a gap year.名词性从句在句子中的作用相当于名词,主要有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句常用的引导词如下:连词 that、whether、if连接代词 what、which、who、whom、whose、 whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever连接副词 when、where、why、how、whenever、 wherever、however1. 主语从句主语从句指在复合句中起主语作用的从句。(1)that引导的主语从句①that在主语从句中不充当成分,也没有含义,但在主语从句和同位语从句中通常不能省略。That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.(that引导主语从句,在从句中不充当成分,且无意义)他们从来没有想过自己能从她那里得到物质利益。②that从句作主语时,为避免头重脚轻、使句子平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将主语从句后置。常用it作形式主语代替that从句的句型有以下几种:a.It+be+形容词(obvious、true、natural、wonderful、likely、possible、certain、etc.)+that…It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organisation’s activities.(it为形式主语,that引导主语从句) 你很可能希望有志愿者来协助该组织的各项活动。b. It+be+名词(词组)(no wonder、the case、an honour、a pity、a good thing、no surprise、a fact、a shame、etc.)+that…It is no wonder that it ranks as the world’s most body-conscious country.(it为形式主语,that引导主语从句)难怪它被列为世界上最有形体意识的国家。c. It+be+过去分词(said、believed、reported、thought、expected、decided、etc.)+that…It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.(it为形式主语,that引导主语从句)据推测,志愿者的角色在其个人身份中占据重要地位的那些人也最有可能继续从事志愿者工作。(2)whether/if引导的主语从句whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分,仅起连接作用,意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句可以位于复合句的句首,也可位于句尾;而if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面用it作形式主语。Whether those people would turn into customers was another question.(whether引导主语从句,在从句中不充当成分,意为“是否”)这些人是否会成为客户是另一个问题。It was not certain whether/if he passed the exam.(it为形式主语,whether/if引导主语从句)他是否通过了考试还不确定。whether与if引导主语从句:①置于句首时,只能用whether;与or或or not连用时,只能用whether。②it充当形式主语的句型中,whether与if可以互换。(3)连接代词引导的主语从句连接代词引导主语从句时,既在句中起连接作用,又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。What angered me most was his total lack of regret.(what引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语)最使我生气的是他居然毫无悔意。What he says suggests that he cares little about others’ pain or trouble, even if they’re his friends.(what引导主语从句,且在从句中作宾语)他说的话表明,他很少关心别人的痛苦或麻烦,即使他们是他的朋友。Which plan is better should be discussed.(which引导主语从句,which在从句中作定语修饰plan)应该讨论哪一个计划更好。(4)连接副词引导的主语从句连接副词引导主语从句时,在句中既是连接词,又在从句中作状语。where在主语从句中作地点状语,when作时间状语,why作原因状语,how作方式状语。连接副词引导的主语从句,也常用it作形式主语。Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.(where引导主语从句,且在从句中作地点状语)中国伟大诗人李白的出生地众所周知,但有些人仍不认可。Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.(when引导主语从句,且在从句中作时间状语)土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间尚无定论,但大概是在1565年左右。It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.(it为形式主语,how引导主语从句)令人惊叹的是,当你真正用心倾听的时候,事物听起来竟如此美妙。2. 宾语从句(1)作及物动词和介词的宾语If we agree (that) the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste.(that在引导宾语从句时不充当任何成分,也没有含义,且通常可以省略)如果我们同意教育的功能是让我们为生活做好准备,那么就没有什么时间可以浪费了。The way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether/if we are happy or sad.(whether/if引导宾语从句,不充当成分,意为“是否”)我们头部的姿态,可以向别人表明我们是高兴还是悲伤。I will do what/whatever I can (do) to help him.(what/whatever引导宾语从句,且在从句中作宾语)我会尽我所能去帮助他。She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.(whose引导宾语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰handwriting)她问我班上谁的字迹是最好的。The question of whether the company leaders should apologise publicly has never been more urgent.(whether引导宾语从句,不充当成分,意为“是否”)公司领导是否应该公开道歉,这个问题从未如此紧迫。It depends on how we solve the problem.(how引导宾语从句,且在从句中作方式状语)这取决于我们如何解决这个问题。(2)it作形式宾语常见结构有:①find、consider、think、feel、believe、make+it+adj./n.+宾语从句②enjoy、love、like、hate、appreciate、see to、insist on、depend on、rely on+it+宾语从句I have made it clear that I will not accept this job.我已经表明我不会接受这份工作。We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day.我们发现每天练习英语口语是有必要的。I hate it when people ask me for money.我不喜欢别人向我要钱。I would appreciate it if you could consider my application.如果您能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。(3)在“主语(人)+be+形容词(表示相信、推测、怀疑、判断、盼望、认识到等意义)+that…”结构中,that从句为宾语从句。这类形容词常见的有:sure、certain、confident、afraid、anxious、eager、aware等。I was certain that love was quite enough to conquer our difference.我确信爱足以消除我们的分歧。(4)宾语从句的特殊用法①当and 连接两个或者两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个宾语从句可省略that,后面的宾语从句中的that不能省略。He told me (that) he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.他告诉我他有两个儿子,他们都去上大学了。②在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后,that引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。这类动词有:一坚持(insist);二命令(order、command);三要求(demand、require、request);四建议(suggest、propose、advise、recommend)等。Thus, Papa insisted that we (should) learn at least one new thing each day.(从句谓语用“should +动词原形”,should可省略)因此,爸爸坚持我们每天至少学习一件新事物。Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists (should) be asked to ride on their own lanes.(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)Carol Harvey建议应该要求骑车人在自己的车道上骑车。③whether/if引导宾语从句作及物动词的宾语时,whether与if可互换;作介词宾语、与or或or not连用时,只用whether不用if。She caught herself wondering whether/if she had made a mistake.她发觉自己在怀疑是否犯了错误。I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.我正在考虑我们是否应该去看电影。I can’t say whether or not they can come tomorrow.我不确定他们明天是否能来。3. 表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。(用法详解见Unit 1)The trouble is that I have lost his address.问题是我把他的地址弄丢了。I was very angry.That was because he didn’t come.(强调原因)我很生气,那是因为他没来。He didn’t come.That was why I was very angry.(强调结果)他没来,那就是为什么我很生气。The reason why I was very angry was that he didn’t come.我很生气的原因是他没来。The question is whether he can make it.问题是他能否成功。4. 同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,位于该名词之后,用以解释说明该名词的具体内容。(1)常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有:advice、conclusion、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、question、request、possibility、promise、news、order、suggestion、thought、plan等。I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.我对自己承诺:今年,我高中的第一年,会有所不同。Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?你有可能到机场接我吗?(2)引导同位语从句的连接词有:that、whether、how、where、when、why等。Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现:有证据表明,孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。She asked a question why there was a delay.她问了一个问题——为什么会发生延误。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。The question who should do the job requires consideration.谁应该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。(3)同位语从句和定语从句的区别:①从意义上看,同位语从句是对一个名词的具体内容加以解释说明;定语从句是对名词进行修饰限定。②从结构上看,that引导同位语从句时,不充当成分;that引导定语从句时,充当成分。比较:He told me the news that our team won.(that引导同位语从句,不充当成分)He told me the news that was exciting.(that引导定语从句,且that在从句中作主语)1. 单句语法填空(1)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organisers who invited her to speak she could do so remotely;about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.(2022·浙江1月卷)(2) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)(3)You have been walking for hours.It’s no wonder you are so tired.(4)What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously (deserve) much more serious thinking.(5)I have made a rule that I keep a diary every day.2. 补全句子(1)我是否参加这次英语演讲比赛还要看情况。It remains to be seen .(2)影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。was the father’s deep love for his son.(3)之后,妈妈陪我去领奖,她提醒我,正是因为老师的帮助,才有了今天的我。Then my mother accompanied me to receive the award, reminding me that it was because of my teacher’s help that I had become .(4)最重要的是我们从来没有丧失继续努力的热情。What is the most important is .(5)我们坚信游客能够通过这次活动更多地了解中国传统文化。We hold the strong belief .本单元的写作任务是写一篇表达对出国留学看法的观点类作文。观点类作文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。在写作时,主要通过摆事实、讲道理,使读者接受作者的观点或引发读者对特定问题的思考。具体写作结构如图所示:1. 开头句(1)I’m writing to tell you a discussion in our school about whether to study at home or abroad.我写信是要告诉你我们学校里一场关于是在国内学习还是出国留学的讨论。(2)A heated debate has been held in our class about whether to study at home or abroad.Opinions vary on this topic.关于是在国内学习还是出国留学,我们班进行了一场激烈的辩论。关于这个话题众说纷纭。(3)In recent years, more and more Chinese people have chosen to study abroad.近年来,越来越多的中国人选择出国留学。(4)Different people have different opinions about going abroad to study.不同的人对出国留学有不同的看法。2. 中间句(1)优点:①Studying abroad is often considered as a great opportunity which will lead to a bright future.出国留学往往被认为是通向美好未来的绝佳机会。②There is no better opportunity to improve a second language than studying abroad.出国留学是提高第二语言水平的最好机会。③Studying abroad, you make memories that will last a lifetime.在国外学习,你会留下终生难忘的回忆。④Living in a new environment, you can experience the new local conditions and customs, and broaden personal horizons.在一个新的环境里生活,你可以体验全新的风土人情,拓宽个人视野。(2)缺点:①We will experience culture shocks if we study abroad.如果我们出国留学,我们将经历文化冲击。②Some students may not be able to adapt to a new environment of studying and living.一些学生可能无法适应新的学习和生活环境。③They have to deal with many unexpected hardships since they are away from their parents and homeland.因为远离父母和家乡,他们不得不应付许多意想不到的困难。④When you go to a foreign country, you will miss your family and feel lonely easily.当你去国外时,你会想念你的家人,并且很容易感到孤独。⑤You will probably have times when you miss your family, friends, food, and everything familiar.有些时候你可能会想念家人、朋友、食物和一切熟悉的事物。3. 结尾句(1)As the old saying goes, every coin has two sides.俗话说得好,任何事物都有两面性。(2)Therefore, whether it is good or not to study abroad depends on the individual.So take more factors into careful consideration.因此,出国留学无论是好还是坏取决于个人。所以要仔细考虑更多的因素。1. 复杂的;难懂的;(语法)复合的adj.2. 记起;回想起 vt.& vi.3. (使)具备资格;(使)合格 vt.& vi.4. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历 n.5. 追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负n.6. 有野心的;有雄心的 adj.7. 适应;改编本 n.8. 安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸n. 安慰;抚慰vt.9. 参加;参与vi.10. 报告;陈述;出示;拿出n.11. 参加;参与(活动) vi. 吸引(注意力、兴趣) vt.12. 包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加 vt.13. (有别于周围的)地区;地带;区域n.14. 成为……的动机;激发;激励vt.15. 期望;预期;期待n. 16. 申请人n.17. 使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境) vt.18. 接触;体验;暴露;揭露n.19. 离开;启程;出发 n.20. 理解;领会;抓紧 vt.21. 费用;花费;开销n.22. 表现vt. 表现得体;有礼貌vi.& vt.23. 周围的;附近的adj. 24. 成熟的adj.25. 使沮丧;使忧愁vt.26. 沮丧的;意志消沉的adj.27. 加强;增强;巩固vi.& vt.28. 否认;否定;拒绝vt. 29. 乐观的adj.30. 获得;赢得;取得;增加 vt. 好处;增加n.31. 能力;胜任;本领n. 32. 合作;协作;配合vi.33. 角;角度;立场n. 34. 腰带;地带n.35. 真诚地;诚实地adv. 36. 预算n.37. 合乎逻辑的;合情合理的adj.38. 结果;效果n.39. cite 40. insight41. tutor42. setting43. messenger44. dramatic45. edition46. firm47. overwhelming48. homesickness49. advisor(-ser) 50. initiative51. reasonable 52. tremendous53. boom 54. perspective55. envoy 56. outlook1. 创业2. 适应3. 习惯于4. 热衷于5. 轮流做……6. 建议/劝告某人做……7. 大声点说;明确表态8. 舒服自在;不拘束9. (使)从事;参与10. 参与;卷入;与……有关联11. 渴望做……12. 担任……角色;充当……13. 舒适区;舒适范围14. 文化冲击15. 首先16. 以做……而结束17. (使)花一大笔钱18. 促成;有助于19. 总的来说;总之20. 把……变得更好21. 被看作……22. 继而;转而;反过来;轮流地23. 支持;站在……的一边24. 据我所知25. 就我而言;依我看来26. 一般来说27. “一带一路”倡议28. 除……之外;还;也29. 增强信心30. 与……相比31. 例如32. 无法形容;难以描述33. 换句话说;也就是说1. 这是她第一次离开中国。.2. 我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。My ambition is in China .3. 我得学会如何使用公共交通,以及如何询问那些我不知道英文名称的东西。I had to learn and how to ask for things .4. 当我想家的时候,拥有第二个家让我感到很欣慰。When I miss home, I .5. 她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明,不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。, her tutor if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know !6. 她的导师建议她阅读大量资料,以便形成自己的明智见解。Her tutor lots of information a wise opinion .7. 刚开始,谢蕾不知道该说什么。但使她惊奇的是,没过几周,她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。At first, Xie Lei had no idea , but was that in class after just a few weeks.8. 我对中国传统艺术的介绍非常成功,这增强了我的信心。traditional Chinese art was , .9. 在过去的几十年里,出国留学的人数急剧增加。, in the number of people .基础词汇 拓展词汇1 complex adj. 复杂的;难懂的; (语法)复合的 n. 复杂;复杂性;难懂 adv. 复杂地;合成地;复合地 /2 qualify vt. & vi. (使)具备资格;(使)合格 n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历;资历;合格;达到标准 adj. 符合资格;具……的知识(或技能、学历) n. 合格者;预选赛;资格赛;修饰词3 ambition n. 追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负 adj. 有野心的;有雄心的 adv. 雄心勃勃地;劲头十足地;热切地 /4 vt. 使适应;使适合 vi.适应;改编;改写 adaptation n. 适应;改编本;改写本 adj. 有适应能力的;能适应的 n. (电器设备的)转接器;适配器;多头插座5 comfort n. 安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt. 安慰;抚慰 adj. 使人舒服的;舒适的;安逸的;自信而无忧虑的;自在的 adv. 舒服地;舒适地;安逸地 adj. 令人安慰的;解忧的6 participate vi. 参加;参与 n. 参加;参与 n. 参加者;参与者 /7 v. 把……交给;颁发;授予;提出;提交 adj.现存的;当前的;出现;在场 n.礼物;目前 presentation n. 报告;陈述;出示;拿出 n. (广播、电视)节目主持人;演讲人;发言人;(仪式上的)颁奖人 adj. 像样的;体面的;可接受的;符合要求的8 engage vi. 参加;参与(活动) vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣) n. 约定;约会;预约;订婚;雇用;聘用 adj. 有趣的;令人愉快的;迷人的 adj. 已订婚的;从事……的;忙于……的;电话占线的9 involve vt. 包含;需要;涉及;影响; (使)参加 n. 参与;加入;插手;耗费时间;投入;沉迷 adj. 卷入的;参与的;与……有密切关联的;复杂的 /10 n. 信息;消息;音信 v. 发短信;发即时信息 messenger n. 送信人;信使 n.(通过电子设备的)信息发送(系统) /11 v. 编辑;编纂;校订;剪辑 n. 主编;编辑;编者 edition n. (报纸、杂志)一份;(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑;版次 adj. 编辑的;编者的;主编的12 vt. (感情或感觉)充溢,难以承受;压倒;击败;征服 overwhelming adj. 无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的 adv. 压倒性地;不可抵抗地 adj. 被压倒的;被淹没的;(强烈地影响而使) 不知所措的13 motivate vt. 成为……的动机;激发;激励 n. 动力;积极性;动机 adj. 积极的;主动的 n. 起激励作用的事(人);促进因素;动力14 vi. & vt. 劝告;忠告;建议;提出建议;提供咨询 advisor n. 顾问 adj. 顾问的;咨询的 adj. 可取的;明智的15 n. 原因;理由;解释;道理;情理; vi. & vt. 推理;推论;推断 reasonable adj. 有道理的;合情理的 adv. 尚可;过得去;合情合理地;明智地;通情达理地 adj. 不合理的;不公正的;期望过高的16 vt. 预料;预期;预计;等待;期待;盼望 expectation n. 期望;预期;期待 adj. 预料的;预期的 expectancy n. 预料;预期;期待;盼望17 vi. & vt. 申请;请求 vt. 应用;涂 (油漆、乳剂) applicant n. 申请人;求职者 n. 申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序) adj. 应用的;实用的18 firm n. 公司;商行;事务所 adj. 结实的;牢固的;坚定的 adv. 坚定地;坚固地 n. 硬度;紧;严格;确定 adj. (长期)病弱的;年老体弱的19 expose vt. 使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境) n. 接触;体验;暴露;揭露 adj. 无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的;易受攻击(或批评)的;无保护的 /20 insight n. 洞察力;眼光 adj. 有深刻了解的;富有洞察力的 adv. 富于洞察力地;有见识地;有眼光地 /21 vt. 放;置;使处于;设置;以……为背景 n. 一套;一副;布景;场景 setting n. 环境;背景; (小说等的)情节背景 n. 制订者;规定者;安排者 /22 n. 戏;剧;戏剧艺术 dramatic adj. 巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧 (般)的 adv. 剧烈地;明显地;戏剧性地;夸张地 vt. 将……改编成剧本;将……搬上(舞台或银幕) vi. & vt. 使戏剧化23 vt. 花费;消费;耗费 expense n. 费用;花费;开销 adj. 昂贵的;花钱多的;价格高的 adv. 昂贵地;高价地24 behave vt. 表现vi. & vt. 表现得体;有礼貌 n. 行为;举止;态度 adj.行为的;行为上的;行为研究的 vi. & vt. 行为不端25 vt. 围绕;包围 surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的 n. 环境;周围的事物 /26 mature adj. 成熟的;成年人的 n. (思想行为、作品等)成熟;成年 adv. 成熟地;充分地 adj. (行为)不成熟的;不够老练的;幼稚的;未长成的27 vt. 使沮丧;使忧愁;使萧条;使不景气 depressed adj. 沮丧的;意志消沉的 adj. 令人抑郁的;令人沮丧的;令人消沉的 n. 抑郁;沮丧;消沉;萧条期;不景气28 n. 力量;体力;力气;优势;优点 strengthen vi. & vt. 加强;增强;巩固 adv. 强烈地;坚决地;坚定地;牢固地;结实地 /29 deny vt. 否认;否定;拒绝 n. 否认;否定;剥夺;拒绝接受 adj. 可否认的;可拒绝的 /30 optimistic adj. 乐观的;乐观主义的 n. 乐观;乐观主义 adv. 乐观地;乐天地 n. 乐观主义者;乐观的人;乐天派31 competent adj. 有能力的;称职的 n. 能力;胜任;本领;技能 adv. 胜任地;适合地 /32 cooperate vi. 合作;协作;配合 n. 合作;协作;协助;配合 adj. 合作的;协作的;同心协力的;协助的;配合的 n. 合作者;合作社社员33 adj. 真诚的;诚挚的;诚恳的 sincerely adv. 真诚地;诚实地 n. 真诚;真挚;诚实 /34 n. 逻辑;思维方式;道理; 逻辑学 logical adj. 合乎逻辑的;合情合理的 adv. 逻辑上;合乎逻辑地 n. 逻辑学研究者;逻辑学家Unit 2 Bridging Cultures1. comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰(comfortable adj.舒适的;舒服的 comfortably adv.舒服地 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的)·be a comfort to sb对某人来说是个安慰in comfort=comfortably舒适地to one’s comfort 令人宽慰的是·comfort sb with sth 用某物安慰某人2. engage vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣);雇用(engaged adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的;占线的;使用中的 engagement n.订婚;约定)·engage sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事engage (sb) in (使某人)从事;参与·be engaged to sb 与某人订婚be engaged in忙于……;从事于……3. involve vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加(involved adj.参与的;投入的 involvement n.参与;投入)·involve (doing) sth包含;需要(做)某事involve oneself in sth 参加……·be/get involved in参与;卷入;与……有关联;专注于4. expectation n.期望;预期;期待(expect vt.期待;期望;预料;预期 expected adj.预期的;预料的 unexpected adj.出乎意料的;意外的 unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地)·live up to/meet one’s expectations不负某人所望beyond/out of one’s expectations出乎某人的意料·expect (sb) to do sth预计/期望(某人)做某事as expected正如所料;不出所料5. expose vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)(exposure n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露)expose…to…使……暴露于……;使……体验……be exposed to暴露于;接触1. It was the first time that…It was the first time that she had left China.这是她第一次离开中国。·“It/This/That+was+the first/second/…time (that)+过去完成时”意为“某人过去第一/第二/……次做某事”。·“It/This/That+is+the first/second/…time (that)+现在完成时”意为“某人现在第一/第二/……次做某事”。·“It is/was (about/high) time that…should do sth/did sth”意为“到了……做某事的时间了”,should可以省略。本句型相当于It is/was (about/high) time for sb to do sth。·“There was a time when…+过去完成时”意为“曾经有一段时间……”。2. 疑问词+动词不定式I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for.我得学会如何使用公共交通,以及如何询问那些我不知道英文名称的东西。·“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。·在“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。·why或why not后加动词不定式时,省略不定式符号to。·whether后可接不定式,而if后不可以。3. 状语从句的省略Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时,有些人可能会感到吃力,并承受文化冲击的折磨。状语从句的省略有两种形式:·当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。·当从句中含有“it+be动词”时,可将it和be动词省略。观察下面的句子,并感知名词性从句的用法。1. You can watch some movies and study how people speak.2. Why don’t you come back next week to tell me what people eat during festival.3. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.4. Why the school denied his application is still unknown.5. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.6. Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is what is generally called a gap year.名词性从句在句子中的作用相当于名词,主要有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句常用的引导词如下:连词 that、whether、if连接代词 what、which、who、whom、whose、 whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever连接副词 when、where、why、how、whenever、 wherever、however1. 主语从句主语从句指在复合句中起主语作用的从句。(1)that引导的主语从句①that在主语从句中不充当成分,也没有含义,但在主语从句和同位语从句中通常不能省略。That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.(that引导主语从句,在从句中不充当成分,且无意义)他们从来没有想过自己能从她那里得到物质利益。②that从句作主语时,为避免头重脚轻、使句子平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将主语从句后置。常用it作形式主语代替that从句的句型有以下几种:a.It+be+形容词(obvious、true、natural、wonderful、likely、possible、certain、etc.)+that…It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organisation’s activities.(it为形式主语,that引导主语从句) 你很可能希望有志愿者来协助该组织的各项活动。b. It+be+名词(词组)(no wonder、the case、an honour、a pity、a good thing、no surprise、a fact、a shame、etc.)+that…It is no wonder that it ranks as the world’s most body-conscious country.(it为形式主语,that引导主语从句)难怪它被列为世界上最有形体意识的国家。c. It+be+过去分词(said、believed、reported、thought、expected、decided、etc.)+that…It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.(it为形式主语,that引导主语从句)据推测,志愿者的角色在其个人身份中占据重要地位的那些人也最有可能继续从事志愿者工作。(2)whether/if引导的主语从句whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分,仅起连接作用,意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句可以位于复合句的句首,也可位于句尾;而if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面用it作形式主语。Whether those people would turn into customers was another question.(whether引导主语从句,在从句中不充当成分,意为“是否”)这些人是否会成为客户是另一个问题。It was not certain whether/if he passed the exam.(it为形式主语,whether/if引导主语从句)他是否通过了考试还不确定。whether与if引导主语从句:①置于句首时,只能用whether;与or或or not连用时,只能用whether。②it充当形式主语的句型中,whether与if可以互换。(3)连接代词引导的主语从句连接代词引导主语从句时,既在句中起连接作用,又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。What angered me most was his total lack of regret.(what引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语)最使我生气的是他居然毫无悔意。What he says suggests that he cares little about others’ pain or trouble, even if they’re his friends.(what引导主语从句,且在从句中作宾语)他说的话表明,他很少关心别人的痛苦或麻烦,即使他们是他的朋友。Which plan is better should be discussed.(which引导主语从句,which在从句中作定语修饰plan)应该讨论哪一个计划更好。(4)连接副词引导的主语从句连接副词引导主语从句时,在句中既是连接词,又在从句中作状语。where在主语从句中作地点状语,when作时间状语,why作原因状语,how作方式状语。连接副词引导的主语从句,也常用it作形式主语。Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.(where引导主语从句,且在从句中作地点状语)中国伟大诗人李白的出生地众所周知,但有些人仍不认可。Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.(when引导主语从句,且在从句中作时间状语)土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间尚无定论,但大概是在1565年左右。It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.(it为形式主语,how引导主语从句)令人惊叹的是,当你真正用心倾听的时候,事物听起来竟如此美妙。2. 宾语从句(1)作及物动词和介词的宾语If we agree (that) the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste.(that在引导宾语从句时不充当任何成分,也没有含义,且通常可以省略)如果我们同意教育的功能是让我们为生活做好准备,那么就没有什么时间可以浪费了。The way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether/if we are happy or sad.(whether/if引导宾语从句,不充当成分,意为“是否”)我们头部的姿态,可以向别人表明我们是高兴还是悲伤。I will do what/whatever I can (do) to help him.(what/whatever引导宾语从句,且在从句中作宾语)我会尽我所能去帮助他。She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.(whose引导宾语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰handwriting)她问我班上谁的字迹是最好的。The question of whether the company leaders should apologise publicly has never been more urgent.(whether引导宾语从句,不充当成分,意为“是否”)公司领导是否应该公开道歉,这个问题从未如此紧迫。It depends on how we solve the problem.(how引导宾语从句,且在从句中作方式状语)这取决于我们如何解决这个问题。(2)it作形式宾语常见结构有:①find、consider、think、feel、believe、make+it+adj./n.+宾语从句②enjoy、love、like、hate、appreciate、see to、insist on、depend on、rely on+it+宾语从句I have made it clear that I will not accept this job.我已经表明我不会接受这份工作。We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day.我们发现每天练习英语口语是有必要的。I hate it when people ask me for money.我不喜欢别人向我要钱。I would appreciate it if you could consider my application.如果您能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。(3)在“主语(人)+be+形容词(表示相信、推测、怀疑、判断、盼望、认识到等意义)+that…”结构中,that从句为宾语从句。这类形容词常见的有:sure、certain、confident、afraid、anxious、eager、aware等。I was certain that love was quite enough to conquer our difference.我确信爱足以消除我们的分歧。(4)宾语从句的特殊用法①当and 连接两个或者两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个宾语从句可省略that,后面的宾语从句中的that不能省略。He told me (that) he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.他告诉我他有两个儿子,他们都去上大学了。②在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后,that引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。这类动词有:一坚持(insist);二命令(order、command);三要求(demand、require、request);四建议(suggest、propose、advise、recommend)等。Thus, Papa insisted that we (should) learn at least one new thing each day.(从句谓语用“should +动词原形”,should可省略)因此,爸爸坚持我们每天至少学习一件新事物。Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists (should) be asked to ride on their own lanes.(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)Carol Harvey建议应该要求骑车人在自己的车道上骑车。③whether/if引导宾语从句作及物动词的宾语时,whether与if可互换;作介词宾语、与or或or not连用时,只用whether不用if。She caught herself wondering whether/if she had made a mistake.她发觉自己在怀疑是否犯了错误。I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.我正在考虑我们是否应该去看电影。I can’t say whether or not they can come tomorrow.我不确定他们明天是否能来。3. 表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。(用法详解见Unit 1)The trouble is that I have lost his address.问题是我把他的地址弄丢了。I was very angry.That was because he didn’t come.(强调原因)我很生气,那是因为他没来。He didn’t come.That was why I was very angry.(强调结果)他没来,那就是为什么我很生气。The reason why I was very angry was that he didn’t come.我很生气的原因是他没来。The question is whether he can make it.问题是他能否成功。4. 同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,位于该名词之后,用以解释说明该名词的具体内容。(1)常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有:advice、conclusion、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、question、request、possibility、promise、news、order、suggestion、thought、plan等。I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.我对自己承诺:今年,我高中的第一年,会有所不同。Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?你有可能到机场接我吗?(2)引导同位语从句的连接词有:that、whether、how、where、when、why等。Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现:有证据表明,孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。She asked a question why there was a delay.她问了一个问题——为什么会发生延误。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。The question who should do the job requires consideration.谁应该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。(3)同位语从句和定语从句的区别:①从意义上看,同位语从句是对一个名词的具体内容加以解释说明;定语从句是对名词进行修饰限定。②从结构上看,that引导同位语从句时,不充当成分;that引导定语从句时,充当成分。比较:He told me the news that our team won.(that引导同位语从句,不充当成分)He told me the news that was exciting.(that引导定语从句,且that在从句中作主语)1. 单句语法填空(1)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organisers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely;about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.(2022·浙江1月卷)(2) What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)(3)You have been walking for hours.It’s no wonder that you are so tired.(4)What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves (deserve) much more serious thinking.(5)I have made it a rule that I keep a diary every day.2. 补全句子(1)我是否参加这次英语演讲比赛还要看情况。It remains to be seen whether/if I will participate in the English speech contest .(2)影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。 What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.(3)之后,妈妈陪我去领奖,她提醒我,正是因为老师的帮助,才有了今天的我。Then my mother accompanied me to receive the award, reminding me that it was because of my teacher’s help that I had become who I am today .(4)最重要的是我们从来没有丧失继续努力的热情。What is the most important is that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying .(5)我们坚信游客能够通过这次活动更多地了解中国传统文化。We hold the strong belief that visitors can learn more about traditional Chinese culture through the activity .本单元的写作任务是写一篇表达对出国留学看法的观点类作文。观点类作文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。在写作时,主要通过摆事实、讲道理,使读者接受作者的观点或引发读者对特定问题的思考。具体写作结构如图所示:1. 开头句(1)I’m writing to tell you a discussion in our school about whether to study at home or abroad.我写信是要告诉你我们学校里一场关于是在国内学习还是出国留学的讨论。(2)A heated debate has been held in our class about whether to study at home or abroad.Opinions vary on this topic.关于是在国内学习还是出国留学,我们班进行了一场激烈的辩论。关于这个话题众说纷纭。(3)In recent years, more and more Chinese people have chosen to study abroad.近年来,越来越多的中国人选择出国留学。(4)Different people have different opinions about going abroad to study.不同的人对出国留学有不同的看法。2. 中间句(1)优点:①Studying abroad is often considered as a great opportunity which will lead to a bright future.出国留学往往被认为是通向美好未来的绝佳机会。②There is no better opportunity to improve a second language than studying abroad.出国留学是提高第二语言水平的最好机会。③Studying abroad, you make memories that will last a lifetime.在国外学习,你会留下终生难忘的回忆。④Living in a new environment, you can experience the new local conditions and customs, and broaden personal horizons.在一个新的环境里生活,你可以体验全新的风土人情,拓宽个人视野。(2)缺点:①We will experience culture shocks if we study abroad.如果我们出国留学,我们将经历文化冲击。②Some students may not be able to adapt to a new environment of studying and living.一些学生可能无法适应新的学习和生活环境。③They have to deal with many unexpected hardships since they are away from their parents and homeland.因为远离父母和家乡,他们不得不应付许多意想不到的困难。④When you go to a foreign country, you will miss your family and feel lonely easily.当你去国外时,你会想念你的家人,并且很容易感到孤独。⑤You will probably have times when you miss your family, friends, food, and everything familiar.有些时候你可能会想念家人、朋友、食物和一切熟悉的事物。3. 结尾句(1)As the old saying goes, every coin has two sides.俗话说得好,任何事物都有两面性。(2)Therefore, whether it is good or not to study abroad depends on the individual.So take more factors into careful consideration.因此,出国留学无论是好还是坏取决于个人。所以要仔细考虑更多的因素。1. 复杂的;难懂的;(语法)复合的adj. complex 2. 记起;回想起 vt.& vi. recall 3. (使)具备资格;(使)合格 vt.& vi. qualify 4. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历 n. qualification 5. 追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负n. ambition 6. 有野心的;有雄心的 adj. ambitious 7. 适应;改编本 n. adaptation 8. 安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸n. 安慰;抚慰vt. comfort 9. 参加;参与vi. participate 10. 报告;陈述;出示;拿出n. presentation 11. 参加;参与(活动) vi. 吸引(注意力、兴趣) vt. engage 12. 包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加 vt. involve 13. (有别于周围的)地区;地带;区域n. zone 14. 成为……的动机;激发;激励vt. motivate 15. 期望;预期;期待n. expectation 16. 申请人n. applicant 17. 使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境) vt. expose 18. 接触;体验;暴露;揭露n. exposure 19. 离开;启程;出发 n. departure 20. 理解;领会;抓紧 vt. grasp 21. 费用;花费;开销n. expense 22. 表现vt. 表现得体;有礼貌vi.& vt. behave 23. 周围的;附近的adj. surrounding 24. 成熟的adj. mature 25. 使沮丧;使忧愁vt. depress 26. 沮丧的;意志消沉的adj. depressed 27. 加强;增强;巩固vi.& vt. strengthen 28. 否认;否定;拒绝vt. deny 29. 乐观的adj. optimistic 30. 获得;赢得;取得;增加 vt. 好处;增加n. gain 31. 能力;胜任;本领n. competence 32. 合作;协作;配合vi. cooperate 33. 角;角度;立场n. angle 34. 腰带;地带n. belt 35. 真诚地;诚实地adv. sincerely 36. 预算n. budget 37. 合乎逻辑的;合情合理的adj. logical 38. 结果;效果n. outcome 39. cite 引用;引述 40. insight 洞察力;眼光 41. tutor (英国大学中的)助教;导师;家庭教师 42. setting 环境;背景;(小说等的)情节背景 43. messenger 送信人;信使 44. dramatic 巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的 45. edition (报纸、杂志)一份;(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑;版次 46. firm 公司;商行;事务所;结实的;牢固的;坚定的 47. overwhelming 无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的 48. homesickness 思乡病;乡愁 49. advisor(-ser) 顾问 50. initiative 倡议;新方案 51. reasonable 有道理的;合情理的 52. tremendous 巨大的;极大的 53. boom 迅速发展;繁荣 54. perspective (思考问题的)角度;观点 55. envoy 使者;使节;代表 56. outlook 前景;可能性;观点 1. 创业 set up a business 2. 适应 adapt to 3. 习惯于 get used to 4. 热衷于 be keen to do 5. 轮流做…… take turns to do 6. 建议/劝告某人做…… advise sb to do 7. 大声点说;明确表态 speak up 8. 舒服自在;不拘束 feel at home 9. (使)从事;参与 engage in 10. 参与;卷入;与……有关联 get involved in 11. 渴望做…… be eager to do 12. 担任……角色;充当…… act as 13. 舒适区;舒适范围 comfort zone 14. 文化冲击 culture shock 15. 首先 to begin with 16. 以做……而结束 end up doing 17. (使)花一大笔钱 cost an arm and a leg 18. 促成;有助于 contribute to 19. 总的来说;总之 to sum up/all in all/in summary 20. 把……变得更好 change…for the better 21. 被看作…… be seen as 22. 继而;转而;反过来;轮流地 in turn 23. 支持;站在……的一边 side with 24. 据我所知 as far as I know 25. 就我而言;依我看来 as far as I am concerned 26. 一般来说 generally speaking 27. “一带一路”倡议 the Belt and Road Initiative 28. 除……之外;还;也 as well as 29. 增强信心 boost confidence 30. 与……相比 compare…to/with 31. 例如 for example/for instance 32. 无法形容;难以描述 beyond description 33. 换句话说;也就是说 that is to say 1. 这是她第一次离开中国。 It was the first time that she had left China .2. 我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation .3. 我得学会如何使用公共交通,以及如何询问那些我不知道英文名称的东西。I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for .4. 当我想家的时候,拥有第二个家让我感到很欣慰。When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family .5. 她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明,不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。 The first time that she had to write an essay , her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought !6. 她的导师建议她阅读大量资料,以便形成自己的明智见解。Her tutor advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own .7. 刚开始,谢蕾不知道该说什么。但使她惊奇的是,没过几周,她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say , but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.8. 我对中国传统艺术的介绍非常成功,这增强了我的信心。 My presentation on traditional Chinese art was a great success , which boosted my confidence .9. 在过去的几十年里,出国留学的人数急剧增加。 In the past few decades , there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad .基础词汇 拓展词汇1 complex adj. 复杂的;难懂的; (语法)复合的 complexity n. 复杂;复杂性;难懂 complexly adv. 复杂地;合成地;复合地 /2 qualify vt. & vi. (使)具备资格;(使)合格 qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历;资历;合格;达到标准 qualified adj. 符合资格;具……的知识(或技能、学历) qualifier n. 合格者;预选赛;资格赛;修饰词3 ambition n. 追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负 ambitious adj. 有野心的;有雄心的 ambitiously adv. 雄心勃勃地;劲头十足地;热切地 /4 adapt vt. 使适应;使适合 vi.适应;改编;改写 adaptation n. 适应;改编本;改写本 adaptable adj. 有适应能力的;能适应的 adapter n. (电器设备的)转接器;适配器;多头插座5 comfort n. 安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt. 安慰;抚慰 comfortable adj. 使人舒服的;舒适的;安逸的;自信而无忧虑的;自在的 comfortably adv. 舒服地;舒适地;安逸地 comforting adj. 令人安慰的;解忧的6 participate vi. 参加;参与 participation n. 参加;参与 participant n. 参加者;参与者 /7 present v. 把……交给;颁发;授予;提出;提交 adj.现存的;当前的;出现;在场 n.礼物;目前 presentation n. 报告;陈述;出示;拿出 presenter n. (广播、电视)节目主持人;演讲人;发言人;(仪式上的)颁奖人 presentable adj. 像样的;体面的;可接受的;符合要求的8 engage vi. 参加;参与(活动) vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣) engagement n. 约定;约会;预约;订婚;雇用;聘用 engaging adj. 有趣的;令人愉快的;迷人的 engaged adj. 已订婚的;从事……的;忙于……的;电话占线的9 involve vt. 包含;需要;涉及;影响; (使)参加 involvement n. 参与;加入;插手;耗费时间;投入;沉迷 involved adj. 卷入的;参与的;与……有密切关联的;复杂的 /10 message n. 信息;消息;音信 v. 发短信;发即时信息 messenger n. 送信人;信使 messaging n.(通过电子设备的)信息发送(系统) /11 edit v. 编辑;编纂;校订;剪辑 editor n. 主编;编辑;编者 edition n. (报纸、杂志)一份;(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑;版次 editorial adj. 编辑的;编者的;主编的12 overwhelm vt. (感情或感觉)充溢,难以承受;压倒;击败;征服 overwhelming adj. 无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的 overwhelmingly adv. 压倒性地;不可抵抗地 overwhelmed adj. 被压倒的;被淹没的;(强烈地影响而使) 不知所措的13 motivate vt. 成为……的动机;激发;激励 motivation n. 动力;积极性;动机 motivated adj. 积极的;主动的 motivator n. 起激励作用的事(人);促进因素;动力14 advise vi. & vt. 劝告;忠告;建议;提出建议;提供咨询 advisor n. 顾问 advisory adj. 顾问的;咨询的 advisable adj. 可取的;明智的15 reason n. 原因;理由;解释;道理;情理; vi. & vt. 推理;推论;推断 reasonable adj. 有道理的;合情理的 reasonably adv. 尚可;过得去;合情合理地;明智地;通情达理地 unreasonable adj. 不合理的;不公正的;期望过高的16 expect vt. 预料;预期;预计;等待;期待;盼望 expectation n. 期望;预期;期待 expected adj. 预料的;预期的 expectancy n. 预料;预期;期待;盼望17 apply vi. & vt. 申请;请求 vt. 应用;涂 (油漆、乳剂) applicant n. 申请人;求职者 application n. 申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序) applied adj. 应用的;实用的18 firm n. 公司;商行;事务所 adj. 结实的;牢固的;坚定的 firmly adv. 坚定地;坚固地 firmness n. 硬度;紧;严格;确定 infirm adj. (长期)病弱的;年老体弱的19 expose vt. 使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境) exposure n. 接触;体验;暴露;揭露 exposed adj. 无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的;易受攻击(或批评)的;无保护的 /20 insight n. 洞察力;眼光 insightful adj. 有深刻了解的;富有洞察力的 insightfully adv. 富于洞察力地;有见识地;有眼光地 /21 set vt. 放;置;使处于;设置;以……为背景 n. 一套;一副;布景;场景 setting n. 环境;背景; (小说等的)情节背景 setter n. 制订者;规定者;安排者 /22 drama n. 戏;剧;戏剧艺术 dramatic adj. 巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧 (般)的 dramatically adv. 剧烈地;明显地;戏剧性地;夸张地 dramatise vt. 将……改编成剧本;将……搬上(舞台或银幕) vi. & vt. 使戏剧化23 expend vt. 花费;消费;耗费 expense n. 费用;花费;开销 expensive adj. 昂贵的;花钱多的;价格高的 expensively adv. 昂贵地;高价地24 behave vt. 表现vi. & vt. 表现得体;有礼貌 behaviour n. 行为;举止;态度 behavioural adj.行为的;行为上的;行为研究的 misbehave vi. & vt. 行为不端25 surround vt. 围绕;包围 surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的 surroundings n. 环境;周围的事物 /26 mature adj. 成熟的;成年人的 maturity n. (思想行为、作品等)成熟;成年 maturely adv. 成熟地;充分地 immature adj. (行为)不成熟的;不够老练的;幼稚的;未长成的27 depress vt. 使沮丧;使忧愁;使萧条;使不景气 depressed adj. 沮丧的;意志消沉的 depressing adj. 令人抑郁的;令人沮丧的;令人消沉的 depression n. 抑郁;沮丧;消沉;萧条期;不景气28 strength n. 力量;体力;力气;优势;优点 strengthen vi. & vt. 加强;增强;巩固 strongly adv. 强烈地;坚决地;坚定地;牢固地;结实地 /29 deny vt. 否认;否定;拒绝 denial n. 否认;否定;剥夺;拒绝接受 deniable adj. 可否认的;可拒绝的 /30 optimistic adj. 乐观的;乐观主义的 optimism n. 乐观;乐观主义 optimistically adv. 乐观地;乐天地 optimist n. 乐观主义者;乐观的人;乐天派31 competent adj. 有能力的;称职的 competence n. 能力;胜任;本领;技能 competently adv. 胜任地;适合地 /32 cooperate vi. 合作;协作;配合 cooperation n. 合作;协作;协助;配合 cooperative adj. 合作的;协作的;同心协力的;协助的;配合的 cooperator n. 合作者;合作社社员33 sincere adj. 真诚的;诚挚的;诚恳的 sincerely adv. 真诚地;诚实地 sincerity n. 真诚;真挚;诚实 /34 logic n. 逻辑;思维方式;道理; 逻辑学 logical adj. 合乎逻辑的;合情合理的 logically adv. 逻辑上;合乎逻辑地 logician n. 逻辑学研究者;逻辑学家 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures - 学生版.docx Unit 2 Bridging Cultures.docx