资源简介 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land1. arise vi.(arose, arisen) 起身;出现;由……引起arise from=arise out of由……引起;因……产生arise from one’s chair/seat从椅子/座位上站起来2. bound adj. 准备前往(某地);一定会be bound to…注定/必然……be bound for…前往(某地)legally/morally bound受法律/道德约束的3. contrary adj.相反的;相对立的 n.相反的事实(或事情)·(be) contrary to与……相反;与……背道而驰;违背……·on/quite the contrary与此相反;恰恰相反to the contrary相反的;相反地4. proceed vi. 行进;继续做proceed with继续进行某事proceed to do接着做某事proceed to sth继续(下个阶段)proceed as planned按计划进行5. astonish vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊(astonished adj.感到惊讶的 astonishing adj.惊人的;令人惊讶的 astonishment n.惊讶)·be astonished at/by sth因……而感到惊讶be astonished to do sth对做某事感到惊讶·in/with astonishment吃惊地to one’s astonishment让某人惊讶的是6. owe vt.欠(账、债、情等)·owe sb sth=owe sth to sb欠某人某物owe sth to sb欠(某人情);把……归功于某人owe it to sb that…把……归功于某人owe it to sb to do…把……归功于某人;应该为某人做某事·owing to因为;由于7. breath n.呼吸的空气(breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 breathlessly adv. 气喘吁吁地 breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸)·hold one’s breath屏住呼吸catch one’s breath喘口气;平复呼吸out of breath喘不上气;透不过气来take a deep breath深呼吸·breath in/out吸气/呼气1. rather than连接两个并列成分Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.她们决定先飞往温哥华,然后乘坐火车,而不是一路乘坐商务航班旅行。·rather than是一个常用的并列连词(或介词短语),用于表示对比或选择,意为 “而不是;与其……不如……”。它通常连接两个并列的成分,可以是词、短语或从句。本句中rather than 放在句首,强调对比,后面接动词原形。·常见的含有rather than的句型:would rather do…than do…would do…rather than do…prefer to do…rather than do…以上三个句型均表示“宁愿做……也不做……”。2. not until的强调句型It was not until 9:30 a.m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto.直到上午九时三十分,她们才终于到达安大略省的首府多伦多。·not…until…意为“直到……才……”。until后既可以接表示时间的词汇,也可以接时间状语从句。用强调句型对“not…until…”结构中的时间状语进行强调时,要把not和until放在一起,且应用that引导,结构为“It is/was not until…that…”。·not until…放在句首时,句子或主语要使用部分倒装结构,其结构为“Not until…+助动词/系动词/情态动词+(句子/主句)主语+谓语动词+其他”。观察下面的句子,并感知过去分词与现在分词作表语和状语的用法。1. For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.2. Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights.3. The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.4. The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies.5. Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.1. 过去分词作表语(1)过去分词作表语的意义用在系动词后面,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态,此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。Upon leaving for America the author felt excited.动身前往美国时,作者感到很兴奋。With all the information available, it’s not surprising that people can feel confused.有了所有可用的信息,人们会感到困惑也就不足为奇了。(2)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同,但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较:The cup is broken.(系表结构,表状态)杯子碎了。The cup was broken by Tom.(被动语态,强调动作)杯子是被Tom打碎的。(3)感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词含有被动意义,即“人被引起某种感觉的”,多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。I was surprised that my parents allowed me to spend money on my own.我很惊讶父母允许我自己花钱。His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged.他的话令人泄气,使得很多人灰心丧气。But she is so encouraged that she never lets anyone put her down.但她很受鼓舞,从不让任何人看扁她。2. 过去分词作状语(1)过去分词(短语)作状语的意义过去分词(短语)作状语,修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态,即动作发生时的背景或状况,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,且过去分词与主语之间为被动关系。Trapped at home, Sarah wondered how she could survive.被困在家里,Sarah想知道如何才能活下来。Bathed in the warm Christmas atmosphere, James walked over to Jessica and hugged her tightly.沐浴在温暖的圣诞节气氛中,James走到Jessica身边,紧紧拥抱她。(2)过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能过去分词(短语)表示被动,表示动作已经完成,其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时,可单独使用,也可以在其前面加上适当的连词,可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。The twins cheered up and did as told.(方式状语)这对双胞胎振奋起来,按照吩咐做了。Given another chance, I will do it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会,我会做得更好。Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others.(原因状语)他的所作所为极大地鼓舞了我,我加入了他帮助他人的行列。Visited many times,the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语)虽然已经参观了很多次,但这个地方仍值得再来。The guest walked into the room, greeted by the host.(伴随状语)客人一边和主人打招呼,一边走进了房间。(3)过去分词(短语)作状语的位置过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时,既可放在句首,也可放在句尾,中间用逗号隔开。Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.淋了一场大雨,他全身湿透了。He stood there silently, moved to tears.他静静地站在那里,感动得热泪盈眶。过去分词(短语)作状语表状态:部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动关系,而是表示状态,此类过去分词及短语常见的有lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、absorbed in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, she didn’t hear the sound.由于陷入沉思,她没有听到那个声音。Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.因为害怕,我和Elli尝试了所有我们知道的防御熊的行动。Dressed in a new dress, she looks very beautiful.穿着一件新衣服,她看上去很漂亮。(4)过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况①过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步等状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole city looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Heated to a high temperature (=If it is heated to a high temperature), water will change into vapor.如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸汽。Encouraged by the progress he has made (=As he is encouraged by the progress he has made), he works harder.受到所取得进步的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。Left (=Although he was left) alone at home, John didn’t feel afraid at all.虽然John被单独留在家里,但他一点都不害怕。②过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the classroom, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).老师走进了教室,后面跟着两个学生。The old man walked up and down in the garden, lost in thought(=and was lost in thought).老人在花园里走来走去,陷入了沉思。③过去分词(短语)作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词(短语)作状语时,有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词(短语)”结构作状语。When he was asked about his address (=When asked about his address), the boy didn’t respond.当被问到他的地址时,男孩没有作答。Even if I am invited (=Even if invited), I will not take part in the party.即使被邀请了,我也不会参加那个宴会。Unless you are asked to speak (=Unless asked to speak), you should remain silent at the meeting.除非被要求讲话,否则在会上你应该保持沉默。④过去分词(短语)作状语时,过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,否则,过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,可表示时间、原因、条件等。The test finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假了。(5)现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语的区别①现在分词(短语)作状语时,它的动作是句子主语发出的动作且与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系。若现在分词(短语)的动作与谓语动作同时发生,用一般式doing;若现在分词(短语)的动作发生在谓语动作之前,表示已经完成,则用having done表示主动,用having been done表示被动。He flew 4,700 kilometres from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.(表示主动,2022·全国甲卷)9月20日,他从西安飞了4,700千米到喀什,计划在五个月内徒步返回西安。Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.(表示主动)沿着大街走时,我碰到了我的一个朋友。The tractor was resting against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously crossed the busy road with fast-flowing traffic.(表示主动,2020·浙江7月卷)拖拉机奇迹般地穿过了车水马龙的繁忙道路,靠在中央保留区的防撞护栏上。②过去分词(短语)作状语时,它的动作是句子主语承受的动作,且与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系。Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.(表示被动)如果给予更多的关注,这棵树本来能够长得更好一些。Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.(表示被动)如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。分词作状语误区警示无论是现在分词还是过去分词,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。If the thief is caught, the thief will be punished by the police.→If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(从句的主语与主句的主语是一致的,状语从句可省略)If the thief is caught, the police will punish the thief.(从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,状语从句不可省略)分词作状语记忆口诀:分词作状语,主语是问题;前后两动作,共用一主语;主语找出后,再来判关系;主动用-ing,被动用-ed。1. 单句语法填空(1)If so, you may be surprised (surprise) to learn that libraries have changed for the better.(天津7月卷)(2)I felt confused (confuse), even bored (bore).(3)His words were disappointing , which we were disappointed at.(disappoint)(4)When asked (ask) who had broken the vase, the children all kept silent.(5)If united (unite), we will make our life better.(6) Exhausted (exhaust) by the hard work, we went on with it.(7) Impressed (impress) by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.(8) Having finished (finish) their work, they went home to have a rest.2. 补全句子(1)之后,沐浴在温暖的阳光中,我们前往颁奖典礼。After that, bathed in the warm sunshine , we made our way to the award presentation.(2)我们对他在会上讲的话感到惊讶。We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.(3)基于这些考虑,我建议允许学生根据他们的兴趣、学习目标或语言能力自愿组成团队。 Based on these concerns ,I suggest allowing students to form teams voluntarily, according to their interests, learning goals, or language abilities.(4)尽管这些天埋头苦读,我还是加入了几个学生俱乐部来提升自己。 Though buried in books these days ,I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.本单元的写作任务是写一封介绍旅行经历的电子邮件,电子邮件是互联网时代人们进行书面交流的重要文体。具体写作结构如图所示:1. 开头句Knowing that you want to know my last travel to Shanghai, I’m writing to share my travel experience with you.我知道你想了解我上次去上海的旅行,所以我写邮件与你分享我的旅游经历。2. 中间句(1)Last week, my parents and I visited/paid a visit to Shanghai, and we stayed there for three days.上周,我和父母去参观了上海,我们在那里待了三天。(2)Not long before, my parents and I made a three-day tour of Shanghai.不久之前,我和父母进行了为期三天的上海之旅。(3)On our flight’s arrival, we headed straight for our hotel.航班抵达后,我们直奔宾馆。(4)After lunch, we went to the aquarium, where we were impressed by a wide variety of amazing marine life.午饭后,我们去了水族馆。在那里,我们对各种各样神奇的海洋生物印象深刻。(5)As dusk fell, we admired the fascinating night scenes of the city from a cruise ship.暮色降临,我们在游船上欣赏了城市迷人的夜景。3. 结尾句(1)Exhausted as we were, it was worth it.尽管我们已经筋疲力尽了,但这是值得的。(2)Not only did it entertain me, but it also broadened my horizons.它不仅让我开心,还开阔了我的视野。1. (海或湖的)湾n. bay 2. 令人愉快的;友好的adj. pleasant 3. 起身;出现;由……引起vi. arise 4. 呼吸的空气n. breath 5. 准备前往(某地);一定会adj. bound 6. 风景;景色n. scenery 7. 顶峰;山峰;尖形n. peak 8. 山羊n. goat 9. 钻(孔);打(眼) vi.& vt. 钻(头);训练;演习n. drill 10. 极冷的;冰冻的adj. freezing 11. 结冰;(使)冻住vi.& vt. freeze 12. 束;串;捆n. bunch 13. 打雷;轰隆隆地响;轰隆隆地快速移动vi. 雷声;轰隆声n. thunder 14. 霜;严寒天气;霜冻n. 使蒙上霜vt. 结霜vi. frost 15. 窗帘n. curtain 16. 国界;边界(地区) n. border 17. 持续时间;期间n. duration 18. 习语;成语 n. idiom 19. 相反的;相对立的adj. 相反的事实(或事情) n. contrary 20. (结束交谈或转换话题时)不过;反正adv. anyhow 21. 在……旁边;与……一起prep. 在旁边adv. alongside 22. 行进;继续做vi. proceed 23. 岸;滨n. shore 24. 使十分惊讶;使吃惊vt. astonish 25. 多雾的;模糊的adj. misty 26. 薄雾;水汽n. mist 27. 黄昏;傍晚n. dusk 28. 广告;启事n. advertisement 29. 口音n. accent 30. 摄影师;拍照者n. photographer 31. 欠(账、债、情等) vt. owe 32. 烤面包片;吐司;干杯n. 为……干杯vt. 烤(尤指面包) vt.& vi. toast 33. airline 航空公司 34. craft 手艺;工艺;技艺 35. antique 古物;古董;古老的;古董的 36. literally 字面上;真正地 37. massive 巨大的;非常严重的 38. awesome 令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的 39. highlight 最好或最精彩的部分;突出;强调;使醒目 40. spectacular 壮观的;壮丽的;惊人的;壮丽的场面;精彩的表演 41. mall 购物商场;购物广场 42. prairie 北美草原 43. anticipate 预料;预见;期望 44. harbour (海)港;港口 45. steel 钢;钢铁工业 46. enrol (使)加入;注册;登记 47. cobblestone 铺有鹅卵石的 48. coherent 有条理的;清楚易懂的 1. 开往;准备前往 be bound for 2. 一路上;自始至终 all the way 3. 启程;出发;着手进行 start out 4. 是……的典型;具有……的特点 be typical of 5. 令人惊叹 take sb’s breath away 6. 除……外;还有 in addition to 7. 灰熊 grizzly bear 8. 是……的家园/栖息地 be home to 9. 一束;一串;一群;大量 a bunch of 10. 有空 be available for 11. 持续时间 a duration of 12. 追溯到…… date back to 13. 对……是独一无二的 be unique to 14. 报名参加 enrol in 15. 相反的;相对立的 contrary to 16. 在远处 in the distance 17. 在去……的路上 on one’s way to 18. 与……截然不同;相比之下 in contrast to 19. 接近;靠近 be close to 20. 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人 owe sth to sb 21. 利用 make use of 22. 出发;动身 set off 23. 预期做…… anticipate doing 24. 大量的 a massive amount of 25. 期望做…… expect to do 26. 结冰;全面冻结 freeze over 27. 进而做(参加) proceed to sth 28. 自然地;以自然的方式 in a natural way 29. 记录;记下 note down 30. 继续;发生;(时间)流逝 go on 31. 一对;几个;两个 a couple of 32. 穿过;通过;经由 pass through 1. 她们决定先飞往温哥华,然后乘坐火车,而不是一路乘坐商务航班旅行。 Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way , they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.2. 出发前,她们在温哥华待了几天,看看风景。 Before starting out , they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights .3. 她们来的第一天就下雨了,这在温哥华是很典型的。During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rained.4. 尽管天气不好,她们还是乘船进入了海湾,后来又去了一个岛上,那里有很棒的卖工艺品和古董的商店。 Despite the weather , they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques .5. 从火车窗口望出去,加拿大的山峦和森林显得雄伟壮观。 Seen from the train window , the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.6. 火车抵达后,她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖, 那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,令她们惊叹不已。 When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty .7. 看着美丽的风景,她们都认为这是她们经历过的最棒的旅行。 Looking at the beautiful scenery , they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken .8. 除了看到壮观的山峰和森林,她们此行的一大亮点就是能够看到许多不同的动物,包括鹿、山羊,甚至灰熊和鹰。 In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests , one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain goats, and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.9. 她们经过了两个小麦种植省,在那里她们看到了一片占地面积很大的农场。They went through two wheat-growing provinces, where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area .10. 直到上午九时三十分,她们才终于到达安大略省的首府多伦多。 It was not until 9:30 a.m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto.11. 她们站在远处眺望,看到湖的南边从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震撼。 Standing in the distance , they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake .12. 与多伦多不同的是,她们在车站听到人们说法语。At the station, in contrast to Toronto, they heard people talking in French .基础词汇 拓展词汇1 craft n. 手艺;工艺;技艺 craftsman n. 工匠;手艺人;工艺师 crafty adj. 巧妙的;(尤指)狡诈的;诡计多端的 craftsmanship n. 手艺;技艺;精工细作2 please vi. & vt. 使满意;使愉快 pleasure n. 高兴;快乐;愉快;欣慰;满意 pleasant adj. 令人愉快的;友好的 unpleasant adj.令人不快的;不舒服的3 mass adj. 大量的;广泛的 n. 堆;群 massive adj. 巨大的;非常严重的 massively adv. 大量地;沉重地;庄严地 massiveness n. 巨大;大块;大量;沉重4 breath n. 呼吸的空气;气息 breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 breathless adj. (使)气喘吁吁的;上气不接下气的;(使人)屏息的;无风的 breathing n. 呼吸5 bound adj. 准备前往(某地);一定会 boundless adj. 无限的;无止境的 bounded adj. 有界限的 /6 scene n. 场面;情景;地点;现场 scenery n. 风景;景色 scenic adj. 风景优美的;舞台布景的 /7 awe n. 敬畏;惊叹 awesome adj. 令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的 awesomeness n. 敬畏;卓越 awesomely adv. 惊叹地;敬畏地8 spectacle n. 精彩的表演;壮观的场面;壮观的景象 spectacular adj. 壮观的;壮丽的;惊人的 n. 壮丽的场面;精彩的表演 spectacularly adv. 壮观地;引人注目地 /9 freeze vi. & vt. 结冰;(使)冻住 freezing adj. 极冷的;冰冻的 frozen adj. 冰封的;结冰的;冷藏的;冻僵;吓呆 freezer n. 冷冻柜;冰柜10 anticipate vt. 预料;预见;期望 anticipation n. 预料;预期;预见;预计;期盼;期望 anticipated adj. 受期待的;让人期盼的 unanticipated adj. 没想到的;未预料到的11 thunder vi. 打雷;轰隆隆地响;轰隆隆地快速移动n. 雷声;轰隆声 thunderous adj. 雷鸣般的;声音很大的;面色阴沉的;怒气冲冲的 thunderstorm n. 雷雨;雷暴;雷雨交加 thundering adj. 如雷鸣的 n. 打雷 12 frost n. 霜;严寒天气;霜冻 vt. 使蒙上霜 vi. 结霜 frosty adj. 严寒的;霜冻的;结霜的 frosting n. (撒在蛋糕上的)糖霜;(玻璃或金属等的)磨砂面;毛面 frosted adj. 结霜的;含有闪光小颗粒的;覆有(或撒有)糖霜的;毛面的;磨砂的13 enrol vi. & vt. (使)加入;注册;登记 enrolment n. 入学;注册;登记(人数) enrollee n. 入学者;被录用者;入会者 enroller n. 登记人;注册人14 idiom n. 习语;成语 idiomatic adj. 习语的;成语的;合乎语言习惯的 idiomatically adv. 惯用地;使用惯用语句 /15 proceed vi. 行进;继续做 proceeding n. 诉讼;诉讼程序;事件;过程;一系列行动 procedure n. 程序;步骤;手续 /16 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶;使吃惊 astonishing adj. 令人十分惊讶的;使人大为惊奇的;难以置信的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的;十分惊奇的 astonishment n. 惊诧;大为惊奇17 mist n.薄雾;水汽 misty adj. 多雾的;模糊的 mistiness n. 模糊;雾浓;朦胧 /18 dusk n. 黄昏;傍晚 dusky adj. 昏暗的;暗淡的;(颜色)暗的;柔和的 duskiness n. 昏暗;微暗;微黑 /19 advertise vi. & vt. 做广告;登广告 advertisement n. 广告;启事 advertiser n. 广告商;广告人员;广告公司;登广告者 advertising n. 广告活动;广告业20 photograph n. 照片;相片 vt. 拍照;照相 photographer n. 摄影师;拍照者 photography n. 照相术;摄影 photographic adj. 摄影的;摄制的;照片的21 coherent adj. 有条理的;清楚易懂的 coherence n. 连贯性;条理性 coherently adv. 连贯地;前后一致地;条理清楚地 incoherent adj. 不连贯的;条理不清的;言语不清的Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land1. arise vi.(arose, arisen) 起身;出现;由……引起arise from=arise out of由……引起;因……产生arise from one’s chair/seat从椅子/座位上站起来2. bound adj. 准备前往(某地);一定会be bound to…注定/必然……be bound for…前往(某地)legally/morally bound受法律/道德约束的3. contrary adj.相反的;相对立的 n.相反的事实(或事情)·(be) contrary to与……相反;与……背道而驰;违背……·on/quite the contrary与此相反;恰恰相反to the contrary相反的;相反地4. proceed vi. 行进;继续做proceed with继续进行某事proceed to do接着做某事proceed to sth继续(下个阶段)proceed as planned按计划进行5. astonish vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊(astonished adj.感到惊讶的 astonishing adj.惊人的;令人惊讶的 astonishment n.惊讶)·be astonished at/by sth因……而感到惊讶be astonished to do sth对做某事感到惊讶·in/with astonishment吃惊地to one’s astonishment让某人惊讶的是6. owe vt.欠(账、债、情等)·owe sb sth=owe sth to sb欠某人某物owe sth to sb欠(某人情);把……归功于某人owe it to sb that…把……归功于某人owe it to sb to do…把……归功于某人;应该为某人做某事·owing to因为;由于7. breath n.呼吸的空气(breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 breathlessly adv. 气喘吁吁地 breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸)·hold one’s breath屏住呼吸catch one’s breath喘口气;平复呼吸out of breath喘不上气;透不过气来take a deep breath深呼吸·breath in/out吸气/呼气1. rather than连接两个并列成分Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.她们决定先飞往温哥华,然后乘坐火车,而不是一路乘坐商务航班旅行。·rather than是一个常用的并列连词(或介词短语),用于表示对比或选择,意为 “而不是;与其……不如……”。它通常连接两个并列的成分,可以是词、短语或从句。本句中rather than 放在句首,强调对比,后面接动词原形。·常见的含有rather than的句型:would rather do…than do…would do…rather than do…prefer to do…rather than do…以上三个句型均表示“宁愿做……也不做……”。2. not until的强调句型It was not until 9:30 a.m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto.直到上午九时三十分,她们才终于到达安大略省的首府多伦多。·not…until…意为“直到……才……”。until后既可以接表示时间的词汇,也可以接时间状语从句。用强调句型对“not…until…”结构中的时间状语进行强调时,要把not和until放在一起,且应用that引导,结构为“It is/was not until…that…”。·not until…放在句首时,句子或主语要使用部分倒装结构,其结构为“Not until…+助动词/系动词/情态动词+(句子/主句)主语+谓语动词+其他”。观察下面的句子,并感知过去分词与现在分词作表语和状语的用法。1. For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.2. Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights.3. The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.4. The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies.5. Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.1. 过去分词作表语(1)过去分词作表语的意义用在系动词后面,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态,此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。Upon leaving for America the author felt excited.动身前往美国时,作者感到很兴奋。With all the information available, it’s not surprising that people can feel confused.有了所有可用的信息,人们会感到困惑也就不足为奇了。(2)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同,但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较:The cup is broken.(系表结构,表状态)杯子碎了。The cup was broken by Tom.(被动语态,强调动作)杯子是被Tom打碎的。(3)感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词含有被动意义,即“人被引起某种感觉的”,多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。I was surprised that my parents allowed me to spend money on my own.我很惊讶父母允许我自己花钱。His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged.他的话令人泄气,使得很多人灰心丧气。But she is so encouraged that she never lets anyone put her down.但她很受鼓舞,从不让任何人看扁她。2. 过去分词作状语(1)过去分词(短语)作状语的意义过去分词(短语)作状语,修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态,即动作发生时的背景或状况,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,且过去分词与主语之间为被动关系。Trapped at home, Sarah wondered how she could survive.被困在家里,Sarah想知道如何才能活下来。Bathed in the warm Christmas atmosphere, James walked over to Jessica and hugged her tightly.沐浴在温暖的圣诞节气氛中,James走到Jessica身边,紧紧拥抱她。(2)过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能过去分词(短语)表示被动,表示动作已经完成,其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时,可单独使用,也可以在其前面加上适当的连词,可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。The twins cheered up and did as told.(方式状语)这对双胞胎振奋起来,按照吩咐做了。Given another chance, I will do it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会,我会做得更好。Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others.(原因状语)他的所作所为极大地鼓舞了我,我加入了他帮助他人的行列。Visited many times,the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语)虽然已经参观了很多次,但这个地方仍值得再来。The guest walked into the room, greeted by the host.(伴随状语)客人一边和主人打招呼,一边走进了房间。(3)过去分词(短语)作状语的位置过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时,既可放在句首,也可放在句尾,中间用逗号隔开。Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.淋了一场大雨,他全身湿透了。He stood there silently, moved to tears.他静静地站在那里,感动得热泪盈眶。过去分词(短语)作状语表状态:部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动关系,而是表示状态,此类过去分词及短语常见的有lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、absorbed in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, she didn’t hear the sound.由于陷入沉思,她没有听到那个声音。Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.因为害怕,我和Elli尝试了所有我们知道的防御熊的行动。Dressed in a new dress, she looks very beautiful.穿着一件新衣服,她看上去很漂亮。(4)过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况①过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步等状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole city looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Heated to a high temperature (=If it is heated to a high temperature), water will change into vapor.如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸汽。Encouraged by the progress he has made (=As he is encouraged by the progress he has made), he works harder.受到所取得进步的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。Left (=Although he was left) alone at home, John didn’t feel afraid at all.虽然John被单独留在家里,但他一点都不害怕。②过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the classroom, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).老师走进了教室,后面跟着两个学生。The old man walked up and down in the garden, lost in thought(=and was lost in thought).老人在花园里走来走去,陷入了沉思。③过去分词(短语)作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词(短语)作状语时,有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词(短语)”结构作状语。When he was asked about his address (=When asked about his address), the boy didn’t respond.当被问到他的地址时,男孩没有作答。Even if I am invited (=Even if invited), I will not take part in the party.即使被邀请了,我也不会参加那个宴会。Unless you are asked to speak (=Unless asked to speak), you should remain silent at the meeting.除非被要求讲话,否则在会上你应该保持沉默。④过去分词(短语)作状语时,过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,否则,过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,可表示时间、原因、条件等。The test finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假了。(5)现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语的区别①现在分词(短语)作状语时,它的动作是句子主语发出的动作且与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系。若现在分词(短语)的动作与谓语动作同时发生,用一般式doing;若现在分词(短语)的动作发生在谓语动作之前,表示已经完成,则用having done表示主动,用having been done表示被动。He flew 4,700 kilometres from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.(表示主动,2022·全国甲卷)9月20日,他从西安飞了4,700千米到喀什,计划在五个月内徒步返回西安。Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.(表示主动)沿着大街走时,我碰到了我的一个朋友。The tractor was resting against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously crossed the busy road with fast-flowing traffic.(表示主动,2020·浙江7月卷)拖拉机奇迹般地穿过了车水马龙的繁忙道路,靠在中央保留区的防撞护栏上。②过去分词(短语)作状语时,它的动作是句子主语承受的动作,且与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系。Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.(表示被动)如果给予更多的关注,这棵树本来能够长得更好一些。Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.(表示被动)如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。分词作状语误区警示无论是现在分词还是过去分词,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。If the thief is caught, the thief will be punished by the police.→If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(从句的主语与主句的主语是一致的,状语从句可省略)If the thief is caught, the police will punish the thief.(从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,状语从句不可省略)分词作状语记忆口诀:分词作状语,主语是问题;前后两动作,共用一主语;主语找出后,再来判关系;主动用-ing,被动用-ed。1. 单句语法填空(1)If so, you may be (surprise) to learn that libraries have changed for the better.(天津7月卷)(2)I felt (confuse), even (bore).(3)His words were , which we were at.(disappoint)(4)When (ask) who had broken the vase, the children all kept silent.(5)If (unite), we will make our life better.(6) (exhaust) by the hard work, we went on with it.(7) (impress) by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.(8) (finish) their work, they went home to have a rest.2. 补全句子(1)之后,沐浴在温暖的阳光中,我们前往颁奖典礼。After that, , we made our way to the award presentation.(2)我们对他在会上讲的话感到惊讶。We at the meeting.(3)基于这些考虑,我建议允许学生根据他们的兴趣、学习目标或语言能力自愿组成团队。,I suggest allowing students to form teams voluntarily, according to their interests, learning goals, or language abilities.(4)尽管这些天埋头苦读,我还是加入了几个学生俱乐部来提升自己。,I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.本单元的写作任务是写一封介绍旅行经历的电子邮件,电子邮件是互联网时代人们进行书面交流的重要文体。具体写作结构如图所示:1. 开头句Knowing that you want to know my last travel to Shanghai, I’m writing to share my travel experience with you.我知道你想了解我上次去上海的旅行,所以我写邮件与你分享我的旅游经历。2. 中间句(1)Last week, my parents and I visited/paid a visit to Shanghai, and we stayed there for three days.上周,我和父母去参观了上海,我们在那里待了三天。(2)Not long before, my parents and I made a three-day tour of Shanghai.不久之前,我和父母进行了为期三天的上海之旅。(3)On our flight’s arrival, we headed straight for our hotel.航班抵达后,我们直奔宾馆。(4)After lunch, we went to the aquarium, where we were impressed by a wide variety of amazing marine life.午饭后,我们去了水族馆。在那里,我们对各种各样神奇的海洋生物印象深刻。(5)As dusk fell, we admired the fascinating night scenes of the city from a cruise ship.暮色降临,我们在游船上欣赏了城市迷人的夜景。3. 结尾句(1)Exhausted as we were, it was worth it.尽管我们已经筋疲力尽了,但这是值得的。(2)Not only did it entertain me, but it also broadened my horizons.它不仅让我开心,还开阔了我的视野。1. (海或湖的)湾n. 2. 令人愉快的;友好的adj.3. 起身;出现;由……引起vi.4. 呼吸的空气n.5. 准备前往(某地);一定会adj.6. 风景;景色n. 7. 顶峰;山峰;尖形n.8. 山羊n.9. 钻(孔);打(眼) vi.& vt. 钻(头);训练;演习n.10. 极冷的;冰冻的adj. 11. 结冰;(使)冻住vi.& vt.12. 束;串;捆n.13. 打雷;轰隆隆地响;轰隆隆地快速移动vi. 雷声;轰隆声n.14. 霜;严寒天气;霜冻n. 使蒙上霜vt. 结霜vi.15. 窗帘n. 16. 国界;边界(地区) n.17. 持续时间;期间n. 18. 习语;成语 n.19. 相反的;相对立的adj. 相反的事实(或事情) n.20. (结束交谈或转换话题时)不过;反正adv.21. 在……旁边;与……一起prep. 在旁边adv.22. 行进;继续做vi. 23. 岸;滨n.24. 使十分惊讶;使吃惊vt.25. 多雾的;模糊的adj. 26. 薄雾;水汽n.27. 黄昏;傍晚n. 28. 广告;启事n.29. 口音n. 30. 摄影师;拍照者n.31. 欠(账、债、情等) vt.32. 烤面包片;吐司;干杯n. 为……干杯vt. 烤(尤指面包) vt.& vi.33. airline 34. craft35. antique 36. literally37. massive 38. awesome39. highlight 40. spectacular41. mall 42. prairie43. anticipate 44. harbour45. steel 46. enrol47. cobblestone 48. coherent1. 开往;准备前往2. 一路上;自始至终3. 启程;出发;着手进行4. 是……的典型;具有……的特点5. 令人惊叹6. 除……外;还有7. 灰熊8. 是……的家园/栖息地9. 一束;一串;一群;大量10. 有空11. 持续时间12. 追溯到……13. 对……是独一无二的14. 报名参加15. 相反的;相对立的16. 在远处17. 在去……的路上18. 与……截然不同;相比之下19. 接近;靠近20. 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人21. 利用22. 出发;动身23. 预期做……24. 大量的25. 期望做……26. 结冰;全面冻结27. 进而做(参加)28. 自然地;以自然的方式29. 记录;记下30. 继续;发生;(时间)流逝31. 一对;几个;两个32. 穿过;通过;经由1. 她们决定先飞往温哥华,然后乘坐火车,而不是一路乘坐商务航班旅行。, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.2. 出发前,她们在温哥华待了几天,看看风景。, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, .3. 她们来的第一天就下雨了,这在温哥华是很典型的。During their first day, Vancouver, it rained.4. 尽管天气不好,她们还是乘船进入了海湾,后来又去了一个岛上,那里有很棒的卖工艺品和古董的商店。, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island .5. 从火车窗口望出去,加拿大的山峦和森林显得雄伟壮观。, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.6. 火车抵达后,她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖, 那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,令她们惊叹不已。 When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, .7. 看着美丽的风景,她们都认为这是她们经历过的最棒的旅行。, they both agreed that .8. 除了看到壮观的山峰和森林,她们此行的一大亮点就是能够看到许多不同的动物,包括鹿、山羊,甚至灰熊和鹰。, one highlight of their trip was many different creatures, deer, mountain goats, and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.9. 她们经过了两个小麦种植省,在那里她们看到了一片占地面积很大的农场。They went through two wheat-growing provinces, .10. 直到上午九时三十分,她们才终于到达安大略省的首府多伦多。they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto.11. 她们站在远处眺望,看到湖的南边从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震撼。, the great Niagara Falls, .12. 与多伦多不同的是,她们在车站听到人们说法语。At the station, Toronto, they .基础词汇 拓展词汇1 craft n. 手艺;工艺;技艺 n. 工匠;手艺人;工艺师 adj. 巧妙的;(尤指)狡诈的;诡计多端的 n. 手艺;技艺;精工细作2 vi. & vt. 使满意;使愉快 n. 高兴;快乐;愉快;欣慰;满意 pleasant adj. 令人愉快的;友好的 adj.令人不快的;不舒服的3 adj. 大量的;广泛的 n. 堆;群 massive adj. 巨大的;非常严重的 adv. 大量地;沉重地;庄严地 n. 巨大;大块;大量;沉重4 breath n. 呼吸的空气;气息 vi. & vt. 呼吸 adj. (使)气喘吁吁的;上气不接下气的;(使人)屏息的;无风的 n. 呼吸5 bound adj. 准备前往(某地);一定会 adj. 无限的;无止境的 adj. 有界限的 /6 n. 场面;情景;地点;现场 scenery n. 风景;景色 adj. 风景优美的;舞台布景的 /7 n. 敬畏;惊叹 awesome adj. 令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的 n. 敬畏;卓越 adv. 惊叹地;敬畏地8 n. 精彩的表演;壮观的场面;壮观的景象 spectacular adj. 壮观的;壮丽的;惊人的 n. 壮丽的场面;精彩的表演 adv. 壮观地;引人注目地 /9 freeze vi. & vt. 结冰;(使)冻住 adj. 极冷的;冰冻的 adj. 冰封的;结冰的;冷藏的;冻僵;吓呆 n. 冷冻柜;冰柜10 anticipate vt. 预料;预见;期望 n. 预料;预期;预见;预计;期盼;期望 adj. 受期待的;让人期盼的 adj. 没想到的;未预料到的11 thunder vi. 打雷;轰隆隆地响;轰隆隆地快速移动n. 雷声;轰隆声 adj. 雷鸣般的;声音很大的;面色阴沉的;怒气冲冲的 n. 雷雨;雷暴;雷雨交加 adj. 如雷鸣的 n. 打雷 12 frost n. 霜;严寒天气;霜冻 vt. 使蒙上霜 vi. 结霜 adj. 严寒的;霜冻的;结霜的 n. (撒在蛋糕上的)糖霜;(玻璃或金属等的)磨砂面;毛面 adj. 结霜的;含有闪光小颗粒的;覆有(或撒有)糖霜的;毛面的;磨砂的13 enrol vi. & vt. (使)加入;注册;登记 n. 入学;注册;登记(人数) n. 入学者;被录用者;入会者 n. 登记人;注册人14 idiom n. 习语;成语 adj. 习语的;成语的;合乎语言习惯的 adv. 惯用地;使用惯用语句 /15 proceed vi. 行进;继续做 n. 诉讼;诉讼程序;事件;过程;一系列行动 n. 程序;步骤;手续 /16 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶;使吃惊 adj. 令人十分惊讶的;使人大为惊奇的;难以置信的 adj. 感到惊讶的;十分惊奇的 n. 惊诧;大为惊奇17 mist n.薄雾;水汽 adj. 多雾的;模糊的 n. 模糊;雾浓;朦胧 /18 dusk n. 黄昏;傍晚 adj. 昏暗的;暗淡的;(颜色)暗的;柔和的 n. 昏暗;微暗;微黑 /19 vi. & vt. 做广告;登广告 advertisement n. 广告;启事 n. 广告商;广告人员;广告公司;登广告者 n. 广告活动;广告业20 n. 照片;相片 vt. 拍照;照相 photographer n. 摄影师;拍照者 n. 照相术;摄影 adj. 摄影的;摄制的;照片的21 coherent adj. 有条理的;清楚易懂的 n. 连贯性;条理性 adv. 连贯地;前后一致地;条理清楚地 adj. 不连贯的;条理不清的;言语不清的 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land - 学生版.docx Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land.docx