资源简介

Unit 4 词汇
1.adversity [ d v s ti ]: n. 困境; 逆境
dilemma [d lem ]: n. (进退两难的)窘境; 困境
in adversity: 在困境/逆境中
in a dilemma: 处于窘境/困境中
in trouble: 在麻烦中
in need：在危难/贫困中
in difficulty/difficulties:在困难中
1)The old athlete overcame many personal adversities.
2)He showed great courage in adversity.
2. wage [ we d ]: n. 工资(小时/天/周工资)， 多用复数形式，指按小时、日或星期的报酬，通常指体力劳动者的工资。a weekly age
offer/pay/raise a wage: 提供/支付/上调工资
salary [ s l r ]：n. (月)工资; 薪水 (也可用来表示年薪)指按年定下，按月或星期平均给予的报酬，指脑力劳动者的薪水。
a salary of 300,000 dollars a year: 年薪30万美元
pay: n. 工资; 薪水，是个通用词，可取代salary与wage.
get a rise/raise: 涨工资
1)The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low wages and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas, along with the cold weather.
2)The minimum wage is set at 6 dollars an hour.
3. bitter [ b t (r)]: adj. 严寒的; 激烈而不愉快的; 味苦的；
bitter cold: 严寒
1)Men are wanted for a dangerous journey: small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, and safe return uncertain. Honour and reward will follow if it is successful.
2)It is really bitter out there.
3)The quarrel between Kate and Betty was bitter.
4. expedition [ eksp d n]: n. 探险; 远征; 探险队
plan/lead/go on an expedition to ...: 计划/带队/去...探险
Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions.
endurance [ n dj r ns ]: n. 忍耐力; 耐久力
endure v. 忍受 put up with sth /sb unpleasant 持续
endure to do/ endure doing忍受...
endurable---unendurable adj.
1)Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914.
2)This sport tests both physical and mental endurance.
3）He can’t endure to be defeated./He can’t endure being defeated.
4) Work hard, and a success will endure.
5) I felt that life was no longer endurable.
6. vigour / vigor [ v ɡ (r) ]: n. 精力; 力量; 活力
energy [ en d ]：n. 精力; 力量; 活力; 能源
energetic [en d et k]：adj. 精力旺盛的/充沛的; 活跃的
energetically: adv.精力充沛地
be full of energy/ vigour: 精力充沛
power [ pa ]: n. 力量; 能量; 电力; 体力; 智力
strength [stre θ]：n. 力量; 体力; 优势
At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour.
7.turn sb. down: 拒绝(某人) refuse
turn down that man = turn that man down: 拒绝那人
turn me/you/him/her/us/them down: 拒绝我/你/他/她/我们/他们
reject [r d ekt]: v. 拒绝; 抛弃; 不接受; 不录用
refuse [r fju z]：v. 拒绝; 回绝;不接受
turn down: 开小（音量）
turn up: 开大(音量); 露面; 到达；出现；找到;(尤指失去后)被发现；衣服改短
拓展turn in/ on/ off/ out/ to/ over/ away
Jack offered to marry her again, but she had already turned him down four times.
8. qualified [ kw l fa d ]: adj. 符合资格; 具备…的知识(或技能、学历等)
qualify vt. & vi. (使)具有资格, (使)合格
qualify for sth. 有权；使用权(做某事)
qualify sb. for sth. 使某人具备做某事的资格
be qualified for...: 有…的资格
be qualified to do...: 有…做什么的资格
qualify as … 取得……资格；作为……合适
qualification [ kw l f ke n]：n. 资格; 资历; 学历
have the qualifications for 有资格做某事
1)I'd like to qualify my last statement.我想修正一下最后一句话。
2)However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
3)She is extremely well qualified for the job.
4)There is an urgent need for qualified teachers/doctors.
5)This man is not qualified to drive the bus.
9. enthusiastic [ n θju zi st k ]: adj. 热情的; 热心的
enthusiastically: adv. 热情地; 热心地
enthusiasm [ n θju zi z m]: n. [U]热情; 热心
enthusiast n 热心者
an enthusiastic supporter 热心的支持者
be/become enthusiastic about (doing)sth:对（做）某事感兴趣/热心
be full of enthusiasm充满热情
with enthusiasm 热情地lack/be full of enthusiasm 缺乏/充满热情
Although my grandpa is retired, he is very enthusiastic about volunteer work.
2 We shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures. Rather, we should keep trying with enthusiasm
10. aboard [ b d ]: adv. & prep. 上(船/飞机/公共汽车等)（board n.甲板;木板）
abroad [ br d]: adv. 到国外; 去国外; 在国外（broad adj.宽阔的）
at home and abroad 在国内外
aboard the plane/ship/bus/train：在飞机上/船上/公共汽车上/火车上
go/get aboard the plane/ship/bus/train：登机/上船/上公共汽车/上火车
All aboard! 请大家上车/上船/上火车！
get into/out of a car(train/ship): 上/下小车(火车/船)
get on/off a bus (plane/ship/train): 上/下公共汽车(飞机/船/火车)
1)However, he managed to get aboard the Endurance with his friend’s help.
2)They were all aboard the ship/plane last night.
3)The plane crashed, killing all 188 people aboard.
11. cupboard [ k b d ]: n. 橱柜; 壁橱; 衣柜
cup [k p]：n. 杯子; 茶杯; 奖杯
board [b d]: n. 板子; 地板; 董事会
kitchen cupboards 厨柜 built-in cupboards 壁橱
1)But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
2)This glass belongs in the cupboard.
12. assign [ sa n]: vt. 分派; 布置; 分配
assign sth to sb/ assign sb sth 分配分派某人工作/任务等
assign sb. to sth. /as sth. 指定/指派某人做某事
assign sb. to do sth. 指定/安排某人做某事
assignment : n. (分派的)工作; 任务
task [tɑ sk]：n. 任务; 工作work [w k]：n. 工作; 劳动(U.)
1)When the teachers assign much homework, the students usually feel unhappy.
2)The teacher assigned each student a holiday task.
3)She was assigned to the English Department/Chongqing University.
13. steward [ stju d ]: n. (轮船/飞机/火车上的)男乘务员; 男服务员
stewardess [ stju des]: n. (轮船/飞机/火车上的)女乘务员; 女服务员
servant [ s v nt]: n. 仆人; 佣人; 公务员; 雇员
passenger [ p s nd ]：n. 乘客; 旅客
1)He assigned me to be a steward.
2)A steward is a man who works on a ship, plane, or train, looking after passengers and serving meals to them.
14. envy [ envi ]: n.& vt. 羡慕; 妒忌
envious adj. 满怀嫉妒的
envy sb. (doing) sth
be green with envy眼红了/嫉妒了
be the envy of sb/sth: 成为...羡慕/忌妒的对象; 成为羡慕/忌妒的东西
out of envy 出于羡慕；出于嫉妒
feel envy of/at sth.羡慕、嫉妒
1)Lucky you-I am green with anvy.
2)I envy you having such a big family.
3)The girl is the envy of all young people.
4)They were full of envy when they saw my new car.
5)I felt envy of/at his success.
15. crush [ kr ]: vt. 毁坏; 压坏; 压碎 n. 拥挤的人群
get crushed 被压碎
be crushed to death in the accident 在事故中压死
a big crush in the theatre bar 剧院酒吧里拥挤不堪的人群
crash [kr ]：v./n. 坠毁; 猛撞; 碰撞; 撞击
crowd [kra d]：n. 人群; 群众; 观众 v. 拥挤; 挤满; 塞满
ruin --- destroy --- damage
1)We saw the ship get crushed by the ice.
2)Five people were crushed to death in the accident.
3)She felt completely crushed by the teacher's criticism.
4)Mr Smith and his eight-year-old son got separated in the crush.
16. sink [ s k ]: vi. (sank [ s k ] /sunk [ s k ] --- sunk)
沉没;下沉; 下降 vt. 使下沉; 使沉没
be sunk in sth 陷入不快（或沉思）中
sink to the bottom of the sea 沉入海底
sink = set = go down: (太阳/月亮)落下 rise: v. (太阳/月亮)升起
1)And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it.
2)Their ship has sunk to the bottom of the sea.
3)The sun was sinking behind the mountains when we reached the top.
4)The moon is sinking in the west.
17. abandon [ b nd n ]: vt. 舍弃; 抛弃; 放弃
give up：放弃; 投降
give up doing…: 放弃做…
abandon doing sth. 放弃做...
abandon oneself to ... 沉溺于... 纵情于...
with abandon 放纵地，放任地
abandoned adj. 被遗弃的，放纵的
1)Before the Endurance sank into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to abandon the ship, and the crew had to camp on ice.
2)The baby was abandoned by its mother.
3)Snow forced many drivers to abandon their cars.
18. stove [ st v ]: n. 炉具; 厨房灶具
cook [k k]：v. 煮; 烹饪; 烹调 n. 厨师; 炊事员
cooker [ k k ]：n. 炊具; 厨具
1)She put a pan of water on the stove.
2)You get some water and I'll light the stove.
3)The temperature in the stove remains high after the fire was put out.
19. blanket [ bl k t ]: n. 毯子
carpet [ kɑ p t]：n. 地毯
a wet blanket 扫兴的人；泼冷水的人
a blanket of snow/fog 厚厚的一层雪/雾
1)Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies ---- the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets.
2)The mother put a blanket over the sleeping child.
20. belongings [ b l z]: n. [pl.] 财物; 动产
belonging n.[U] 归属 a sense of belonging 归属感
belong [b l ]: v. 该在; 处在; 适应
belong to：属于; ...是成员 (不用于进行时和被动语态)
1)We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.
2)The woman collected/gathered/packed her belongings and left the hotel.
3)Please don't forget your belongings when you get off.
21. banjo [ b nd ]: n. 班卓琴(乐器) (复数：banjos)
play the piano/organ/violin/guitar/banjo/bagpipes：
弹钢琴/弹风琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他/弹班卓琴/吹风笛
1)But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo.
2)How well can you play the banjo
22. miserable [ m zr bl ]: adj. 痛苦的;令人难受的
miserably: adv. 痛苦地; 艰苦地; 令人难受地; 悲惨地
desperate [ desp r t]: adj. 拼命的; 绝望的
desperately: adv. 绝望地; 不顾一切地; 拼命地
despair [d spe (r)]: n. 绝望
in despair: 失望地; 绝望地
1)We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rock shore of this miserable place.
2)Although he was living a miserable life, he had a very kind heart.
3) What a miserable day it is today!
23. voyage [ v d ]: n. & vi. 航海; 航行; 航天(长途旅行，海路或者飞行)
trip: n. 旅行 (普通用词，常指短途旅行，强调目的或出行原因)
journey [ d n ]：n. 旅行; 旅程
(最普通用词，主要指时间较长、距离较远的陆上/水上/空中的旅行；有时行程较艰难或不含回程)
tour: n. 旅游; 观光 (侧重观光游览，距离可长可短。)
travel: n. 旅行 (泛指旅行的行为)
1)Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1, 320 kilometres away ---- the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
2)Their voyage did not go smoothly, and the Endurance became stuck in the ice.
3)He went on a voyage around the world.
4)The voyage proved that the earth is round.
5)This is a voyage into space.
24. navy [ ne vi ]: n. 海军; 海军部队
join the navy：参加海军
join the army： 参加陆军
join the air force： 参加空军
1)No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here.
2)Henry joined the navy when he was 20 and he is retired now.
3)The navy is/are considering buying eleven new warships.
25. decent [ di snt ]: adj. 相当不错的; 正派的; 得体的
descendant [d send nt]: n. 后代; 子孙
ancester : n. 祖先
a decent meal/job/place: 相当不错的饭菜/工作/地方
1)There is a need for more money so that all children may have a decent education.
2) The people around here are ordinary, decent, hard-working people.
3)The girl wants to have a decent job.
26. cosy/cozy [ k zi]: adj. 温馨的; 舒适的
(比较级：cosier 最高级：cosiest)
cosily/cozily: adv. 舒适地; 惬意地
comfortable [ k mf t bl]：adj. (使人)舒服的; 舒适的;
comfortably: adv. 舒服地; 舒适地
1)I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days and my mother’s face...
2)With the gentle music, soft lights, and comfortable sofas, this cafe is everything you need after a tiring day. It is a cosy and relaxing place.
3)We felt warm and cosy sitting by the fire.
27. selfish [ self ]: adj. 自私的
selfishly: adv.自私地;任性地
selfless [ selfl s]: adj. 无私的
selflessly : adv. 无私地
It be selfish/ selfless of sb to do...: 某人做什么是自私的/无私的
1)He is selfish and does not like to help others.
2)Some people think that you are selfish at times.
3)It is selfish not to let other know this good thing.
4)It was selfish of him to leave all the work to you.
28. good/bad-tempered: adj. 脾气好的/坏的
temper n. 脾气
v.使缓和；给（钢琴）调音;磨练
1)How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!
2) My dad is the most good-tempered/bad-tempered person in my family.
3) Mary tried to temper her father’s anger with soothing words.
4) He decided to temper himself in grass-roots unit（基层）.
29. genuine [ d enju n ]: adj. 真正的; 真诚的; 可信赖的
genuine = real: 真的
real flower/gold/leather/diamond /pearl/silk: 真花/金/皮革/钻石/珠宝/丝(指物品是真的而非假冒或人造的时，常可与 genuine 换用)
fake: 假的(指伪造的、冒充的)
fake news/ fur/ leather/diamond /pearl/silk/laugh/smlie:
假新闻/皮毛/皮革/钻石/珠宝/丝/笑
true -- false (指什么与事实是否相符，而非妄言或虚假的)
1) Do you think it is genuine/real/fake gold
2)Only genuine/real farmers can apply for the cheap houses.
3)The old woman is very genuine .
4)Her father is a very genuine person.
5)This is a genuine painting by Picasso.
30. perseverance [ p s v r ns ]: n. 毅力; 韧性; 不屈不挠的精神
1)Study requires perseverance.
2)The Chinese people show great perseverance in the face of difficulty.
3)For work and life, you need passion and perseverance.
31. persevere [ p s v (r) ]: vi. 坚持; 孜孜以求
persevere in sth: 对什么坚持不懈
persevere in doing sth: 对做什么坚持不懈
persevere with sth: 对什么坚持不懈
persevere with sb: 对某人坚持不懈
1)Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.
2)If you persevere (with the work), you will succeed in the end.
3)The child persevered with her violin lessons.
32. resolve [ r z lv ]: vi. & vt. 决定; 决心; 解决(问题或困难)
n. 决心; 坚定的信念
resolve to do...: 决定/决心做什么
resolve on sth/on doing sth: 决定什么/做什么
resolve an issue/ a conflict/a crisis: 解决问题/冲突/危机
decide [d sa d]：v. 决定 (decision: n. )
determine: v. 决定 (determination: n. )
solve [s lv]: v. 解决; 处理; 解答; 破解 (solution: n.)
settle [ setl]: v. 解决; 结束;停留; 定居
address [ dres]: v. 解决; 处理; 对付
1)Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
2)The farmer resolved/decided/determined to report the matter to the government.
3)She resolved (that) she would never see him again.
4)The government has done nothing to resolve the conflict over nurses' pay.
5)This will not shake his resolve.
33. resolution [ rez lu n ]: n. 决议; 解决; 坚定
pass/adopt/carry a resolution: 通过一项决议
1)For the whole morning, the board of directors(董事会) have been discussing the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.
2)That would be the best resolution of the crisis.
3)You should show more resolution.
34. crew [kru:]: n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员; 专业团队; 一群人
staff(全体职工/雇员) , crew(全体船员/乘务员), majority(大多数), minority(少数)作主语时，动词可以用单数，也可以用复数。
1)Although the captain was angry, he assigned the boy the job of cooking for the crew.
2)The ship’s crew is/are seeing a film on the deck.
3)Her crew consists of teachers from six senior schools.
4)I found a crew of foreign students at the university.
5)How many crew does he need to do the work
6)The nine crew on the plane were released unharmed.
35. cruel [ kru l ]: adj. 残酷的; 残忍的; 冷酷的
be cruel to…: 对…残酷/冷酷 be rude to…: 对…无礼/粗鲁
be mean to ...: 对...刻薄 be friendly to…: 对…友好
be nice/good/kind to...: 对...好
be thankful/grateful to ...: 对...感谢/感激
1)Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.
2)I can't stand people who are cruel to animals/old people.
36. thorough [ θ r ]: adj. 深入的; 彻底的; 细致的
thoroughly: adv. 非常; 极其; 彻底; 完全
completely/ entirely / totally /altogether / fully/ wholly
区分： through [θru ]：通过; 穿过; 因为
though/although [ ] [ l ]：虽然; 但是
thought [θ t]：n. 思想; 想法
1)The officer was assigned to conduct/do a thorough investigation into the incident.
2)The scientist has a thorough knowledge of the subject.
3)If you want to do business, you should carry out thorough market research.
4)He made a very thorough analysis on the situation.
37. furniture [ f n t (r)]: n. 家具 (U.)
a piece of furniture : 一件家具
1)It took him a lot of vigour to move all the items of furniture inside the house.
2)We will buy more furniture for the new offices.
3)All the furniture is made of wood.
4)We have got rid of all the old furniture.
38. unfortunately [ n f t n tli]: adv. 不幸地;遗憾地
fortunately: adv. 幸运地
fortunate [ f t n t]: adj. 幸运的; 侥幸的; 吉利的
fortune [ f t n] [ f t u n]：n. 运气; 机会; 幸运; 财富
luck [l k]：n. 幸运; 运气; 命运
lucky [ l k ]: adj. 幸运的; 吉祥的
luckily: adv. 幸运地 unluckily: adv. 不幸地
Unfortunately, his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough.
2) I can’t make it to the airport, unfortunately.
39. fortunately [ f t n tli]: adv. 幸运地
1)I was late, but fortunately the conference hadn't started.
2)Fortunately (for her), she was soon offered another job.
3)Fortunately (for John), he has a good wife.
40. bark [ bɑ k]: vi.& n. (狗)吠叫; 吠叫声
1)The dog has been barking for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon.
2)The dog suddenly started to bark at the stranger.
3)We cannot tolerate the bark of our neighbor’s dog any longer.
41. rugby [ r ɡbi]: n. 橄榄球运动
play rugby: 打橄榄球
Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight. Now he has become a
professional player.
2)At school I boxed and played rugby.
42. bat [ b t ]: n. 球拍; 蝙蝠
vi.& vt. 用球板击球; 挥打; 拍打 (batted – batting)
1)I have left my bat at home.
2)When she sees the bat, she will close the door .
3)The young woman bats very well.
4)She has batted the flies away.
43. damp [ d mp ]: adj. 潮湿的; 湿气重的 (常含令人不舒服的之意)
wet [wet]：adj. 湿的
1)Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat.
2)The plants grow best in cool, damp conditions.
3)The old house is cold and damp.
44. recreation [ rekri e n ]: n.（u）娱乐; 消遣; (c)游戏,娱乐活动
recreational adj. 娱乐的，消遣的
recreational activities/facilities 娱乐活动/设施
1)Jason's only recreation is painting. He has been learning how to paint for over five years.
2)His recreations include bowling, football and shooting.
3)This film combines education with recreation.
45. guidance [ ɡa dns ]: n.(u) 指导;引导;导航
guide [ɡa d]：n. 向导; 导游;
v. 指导; 指引; 带路
under one’s guidance: 在…的指导下
=under the guidance of sb
1)He finally finished the research paper under his tutor’s guidance.
2)Children need discipline, but they also need guidance.
3)The guidance systems didn't work and the missile couldn't hit its target.
46. nephew [ nefju ]: n. 侄子; 外甥
niece [ni s]: n. 侄女
cousin [ k zn]: n. 堂兄/弟/姐/妹; 表兄/弟/姐/妹
1)My nephew has been collecting comic books since he was five. Now he has
more than two hundred of them.
2)She has a nephew who is 60 years old.
47. advertising [ dv ta z ]: n.(u) 广告活动; 广告业
advertisement [ d v t sm nt] : n.(c) 广告; 宣传; 启事
put/place an advertisement: 打广告
1)A good advertising campaign will increase our sales.
2)Cigarette advertising has been banned.
3)Young women are often very successful in advertising.
48. advertise [ dv ta z ]: vt. & vi. 公布; 宣传; 做广告
1)The government will allow them to advertise on radio and television.
2)You can advertise your products in the local newspaper.
3)It is not right to advertise such a dangerous product on TV.
49. corporate [ k p r t ]: adj. 公司的; 法人的; 社团的
corporation n. 大公司，企业，法人
1)The company has launched an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.
2)The law applies to both individuals and corporate bodies(团体).
3)We no longer expect corporate profits to improve.
50. rough [ r f ]: adj. 汹涌的; 粗糙的; 粗略的; 困难的
roughly: adv. 大约; 粗暴地
tough [t f]：adj. 困难的; 艰难的; 棘手的
toughly: adv. 坚强地; 固执地; 能吃苦耐劳地
1)A fishing ship sank in rough seas.
2)The farmer’s hands are rough from hard work.
3)I can only make a rough estimate of how much money the boss has.
4)He has had a really rough/tough time recently.
51. navigator [ n v ɡe t ]: n. 领航员; (飞机、船舶等上的)航行者
navigation [ n v ɡe n]: n. 导航; 领航; 航行
navigate v. 导航，航行
1)A navigator checks the map and watches out for road signs.
2)Christopher Columbus was a famous navigator.
52. loyal [ l l ]: adj. 忠诚的; 忠实的
be loyal to...: 对...忠诚
a loyal friend/supporter: 忠实的朋友/支持者
devoted [d v t d]: adj. 忠诚的
1)I must thank them for their long and loyal service.
2)They had remained loyal to the president.
3)Her whole family were loyal supporters of the Chicago Bulls.
53. motor [ m t (r)]: n. 发动机; 马达
adj. 有引擎的; 机动车的
engine [ end n]：n. 发动机; 引擎
a motor accident: 机动车事故
1)The driver got into the car and started the motor.
2)Theft of motor vehicles is up by 10 %.
54. candidate [ k nd d t ]: n. 候选人; 应试者
1)Many candidates still applied to join such explorations.
2)Who will be the presidential candidate
3)There are a large number of candidates for the job.
55. make fire: 生火
set … on fire: 放火烧; 使…着火 set fire to...: 放火烧
catch fire: 着火(动作) be on fire: 着火(状态)
light a fire: 点火 put out the fire: 灭火
play with fire: 玩火; 冒大风险 on/over the open fire: 在篝火上
1)But how could we make fire
2)He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.
56. give off: 放出(光/热/声音/气体等)
give out：发出(光/热/声音/气体等)
1)This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
2)Your fridge gives off a terrible smell. When did you last clean it
3)China/Cars will give off much less poisonous gases into the air.
57. episode [ ep s d ]: n. (人生的)一段经历; (小说的)片段; 插曲;一集
experience [ k sp r ns]： v. 经历; 体验
n. 经验(U.); 经历; 体验(C.)
1)This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.
2)I would like to try and forget the whole episode.
mitment [k m tm nt ]: n. 承诺; 保证; 奉献
made a commitment to do...: 承诺/保证做什么
commit [k m t]: v. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit to + 名词/代词: 承诺某事
commit oneself to do...: 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit sb/oneself to something...: 承诺/保证什么
commit sb/oneself to doing...: 承诺/保证做什么
be committed to (doing) something...: 承诺/保证(做)什么
1)And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
2)All of us have made a commitment to world peace.
3)The hospital has a commitment to provide the best medical care.
59. motive [ m t v ]: n. 动机; 原因; 目的
purpose [ p p s]: n. 目的; 意图
reason [ ri z( )n]: n. 原因; 理由
1)What were the motives for their actions
2)However, the motive for many was to experience a great adventure.
3)There seemed to be no motive for the murder.
60. Confucianism [ k n fju n zm]: n. 孔子学说; 儒家(学说)
1)The philosophy of Confucius, also known as Confucianism, has deeply influenced Chinese culture.
2)The main philosophy in Asia is the Confucianism.

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