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选择性必修三 Unit 5 Poems重点词句讲义
词形转换
drama n. 戏剧；戏剧艺术→dramatic adj. 戏剧的；戏剧性的→dramatically adv. 戏剧性地；显著地
sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛→sorrowful adj. 悲伤的；悲痛的→sorrowfully adv. 悲伤地
image n. 形象（词根）→imagery n. 意象；形象描述→imaginary adj. 虚构的；想象的
literary adj. 文学的→literature n. 文学；文学作品→literate adj. 有文化的；识字的
nurse v. 照料；n. 护士→nursery n. 托儿所；保育室→nursing adj. 护理的；养育的
mock v. 嘲笑；模仿→mocking adj. 嘲笑的；嘲弄的→mocker n. 嘲笑者
amateur n. 业余爱好者→amateurish adj. 业余的；不熟练的→amateurism n. 业余身份；业余性
respect v./n. 尊重→respective adj. 分别的；各自的→respectively adv. 分别地；各自地
comprehend v. 理解；领会→comprehension n. 理解力；领悟力→comprehensive adj. 全面的；综合的
delicate adj. 精美的；脆弱的→delicately adv. 精致地；微妙地→delicacy n. 精致；佳肴
utter v. 出声；adj. 完全的→utterance n. 话语；言论→utterly adv. 完全地；彻底地
blossom n. 花朵；v. 开花→blossoming n. 开花；兴旺→blossomless adj. 无花的
revolve v. 旋转；环绕→revolution n. 革命；旋转→revolutionary adj. 革命的；n. 革命者
sympathy n. 同情；赞同→sympathetic adj. 同情的；赞同的→sympathize v. 同情；体谅
innocent adj. 天真的；无辜的→innocence n. 天真；单纯；无罪→innocently adv. 天真地；无辜地
grief n. 悲伤；悲痛→grieve v. 感到悲痛；哀悼→grievous adj. 严重的；令人悲痛的
prejudice n. 偏见；v. 使怀偏见→prejudiced adj. 有偏见的→prejudicial adj. 有害的；引起偏见的
correspond v. 通信；一致→correspondence n. 来往信件；通信联系→correspondent n. 通讯员；记者
recite v. 背诵；吟诵→recitation n. 背诵；朗诵→reciter n. 背诵者；朗诵者
polish v. 修改；抛光→polished adj. 抛光的；精练的→polisher n. 抛光工；上光剂
sow v. 播种；种→sown v. 播种（过去分词）→sower n. 播种者；创始人
dominant adj. 占支配地位的→dominate v. 支配；控制→dominance n. 支配地位；优势
vary v. 变化；改变→variation n. 变化；变体→various adj. 各种各样的
complicate v. 使复杂化→complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的→complication n. 并发症；复杂情况
blank adj. 空白的；n. 空白→blankly adv. 茫然地；无表情地→blankness n. 空白；无表情
重点词组和词块（注：有下划线的词组为单词表词组）
Reading and Thinking(p50-51)
一、诗歌创作与核心特征类
1. compose poetry 创作诗歌
convey certain feelings 传达特定情感
3. economical use of words 用词简练
4. descriptive and vivid language 生动形象的语言
5. integrated imagery 整合的意象
6. literary devices 文学手法
7. arrangement of words, lines and rhythm 词、行与节奏的编排
8. express oneself 表达自我
9. core meaning 核心含义
10. poetic devices 诗歌手法
二、 诗歌类型与具体形式类
1. nursery rhymes 童谣
folk songs 民歌
3. list poem 清单诗
4. cinquain / s ke n/ 五行诗
5. haiku / ha ku / 俳句
6. Tang poetry 唐诗
7. traditional forms of poetry 传统诗歌形式
8. a few simple forms of English poems 几种简单的英语诗歌形式
三、 语言特征与诵读类
1. recite nursery rhymes 背诵童谣
2. play with the words 玩味文字
3. strong rhythm 强烈的节奏感
4. rhyme scheme 押韵格式
5. sense of rhythm 节奏感
6. repeated phrases 重复的短语
7. fixed structure 固定结构
8. make sense 有意义；讲得通
9. seem contradictory 看似矛盾
10. read aloud 大声朗读
11. with feeling 带着感情
四、 意象营造与表达效果类
1. describe a certain image 描绘特定意象
2. create a special feeling 营造特殊情感
3. give a clear picture 呈现清晰画面
4. visual image 视觉意象
5. appeal to the senses 诉诸感官
6. set the mood 营造氛围
7. paint pictures with words 用文字绘景
8. a moment in the life of... ……生命中的某个瞬间
五、 学习与实践类
1. take inspiration from 从……获得灵感
2. make up a poem 写诗；创作诗歌
3. give it a try 试一试
4. in detail 详细地
5. on the surface 表面上
6. in depth 深入地
Using Language (p56-57)
一、诗歌理解与分析类
1. understand a poem 理解诗歌
2. consider while reading poems 读诗时思考
3. subject of the poem 诗歌主题
4. images in the poem 诗歌意象
5. tone of the poem 诗歌语气
6. rhythm and sounds 节奏与音韵
7. feelings and emotions 情感与情绪
8. rhetorical devices 修辞手法
9. read aloud 大声朗读
10. rhyming words 押韵词
11. be pleasing to read 读起来悦耳
12. paint a picture in the head 在脑海中描绘画面
二、诗歌创作与写作类
1. write a poem 写诗
2. make up a poem 创作诗歌
3. start with the theme 从主题入手
4. give a message to the reader 向读者传递信息
5. make a list of words 列单词清单
6. related to the theme 与主题相关
7. paint a picture in your head 在脑海中描绘画面
8. read it aloud and listen to how it sounds 大声朗读并听其韵律
9. give it a title 给诗歌起标题
三、课堂活动与交流类
1. discuss how to understand a poem 讨论如何理解诗歌
2. work in groups 小组合作
3. take turns to read aloud 轮流大声朗读
4. have a discussion 进行讨论
5. give personal opinion 发表个人观点
6. give advice based on... 基于……给出建议
7. learn from this unit 从本单元学习
8. put it up in the classroom 贴在教室里
四、核心短语与表达
1. hold fast to... 紧紧抓住……；坚守……
2. broken-winged bird 断翼之鸟
3. barren field 荒芜的田野
4. frozen with snow 被雪冰封
5. come from 来自
6. keep up with... 跟上……
7. hold the string of... 握住……的线
8. wherever it blew 无论它吹向何方
9. if dreams die 若梦想死去
10. when dreams go 当梦想消逝
Assessing Your Progress (P58-59)
词汇运用与语篇填空类
complete the passage 完成短文填空
correct forms of the words 单词的正确形式
over the years 多年以来
develop into 发展成
make a living from... 靠……谋生
sit around a fire 围坐在火堆旁
二、诗歌对话与描述类
free verse 自由诗
open form of poetry 开放形式的诗歌
regular metre or rhythm 规则的格律或节奏
have complete control over... 完全掌控……
racial prejudice 种族偏见
world free of inequality 没有不平等的世界
relative clauses 定语从句
connect sentences 连接句子
三、反思与学习总结类
different forms of poetry 不同的诗歌形式
poetic devices 诗歌手法
have difficulty in understanding... 在理解……方面有困难
writing an English poem 写英文诗
四、项目活动：诗歌比赛类
organise a poetry contest 组织诗歌比赛
work in groups 小组合作
surf the Internet 上网
research different forms of poetry 研究不同的诗歌形式
imitate examples of poetry 模仿诗歌范例
common themes 常见主题
brainstorm ideas 头脑风暴想法
make a mind map 制作思维导图
metaphors and similes 隐喻和明喻
concrete nouns and vivid verbs 具体名词和生动动词
personal story 个人故事
present poems to the class 向全班展示诗歌
vote on the best poem 投票选出最佳诗歌
重点句子
诗歌特征与创作
The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm.
译文：诗歌的显著特征通常包括用词简练、生动形象的语言、整合的意象、明喻和暗喻等文学手法，以及词、行、押韵和节奏的编排。
解析：本句是对诗歌核心特征的概括，使用了“such as”举例说明文学手法，同时用多个并列名词短语（economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language...）构成宾语，清晰地罗列了诗歌的关键要素。
2. 童谣的特点
The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.
译文：这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看似矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。
解析：“make sense”意为“有意义，讲得通”；“seem contradictory”表示“看似矛盾”。本句通过转折连词“but”强调了童谣虽看似无逻辑，却因韵律和重复而易于记忆的特点。
3. 俳句的结构
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively.
译文：俳句是一种日本诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。它的格式是三行，分别包含5、7、5个音节。
解析：“that consists of...”是定语从句，修饰“poetry”；“respectively”意为“分别地，各自地”，准确说明了三行诗的音节数量。
4. 诗歌理解的方法
Poems paint pictures with words through the use of figures of speech and metaphors, so to understand a poem fully, you have to imagine in your mind the picture the poem is painting.
译文：诗歌通过修辞手法和隐喻用文字描绘画面，因此要完全理解一首诗，你必须在脑海中想象它所描绘的画面。
解析：“paint pictures with words”是生动的比喻，意为“用文字绘景”；“the poem is painting”是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰“the picture”。
5. 梦想的重要性
Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly.
译文：紧紧抓住梦想，因为如果梦想消逝，生命就成了一只断翼的鸟，无法飞翔。
解析：“hold fast to...”意为“紧紧抓住，坚守”；“for”引导原因状语从句；“that cannot fly”是定语从句，修饰“a broken-winged bird”，用比喻强调了梦想对生命的重要性。
6. 自由诗的定义
A free verse poem does not follow any rules. It has no regular metre or rhythm.
译文：自由诗不遵循任何规则，它没有固定的格律或节奏。
解析：“follow any rules”意为“遵循任何规则”；“regular metre or rhythm”指“固定的格律或节奏”，清晰地解释了自由诗的开放性特点。
单元作文必备
题目：English Poetry Sharing Session
假定你是李华，上周五你校英语俱乐部举办了主题为“Discover the Beauty of English Poetry”的英语诗歌分享会。请你给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 活动介绍；
2. 活动反响。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
范文：
English Poetry Sharing Session
Last Friday witnessed a lively English Poetry Sharing Session held by our school’s English Club. With th theme of “Discover the Beauty of English Poetry”, the event aimed to spark students’ interest in English poetry and encourage creative expres-sion. During the session, students from different grades recited classic nursery rhymes, haikus, and original list poems. They shar-ed their understanding of imagery and rhythm, making the event both informative and engaging. The performances, filled with vivid language and sincere feelings, won warm applause.
The sharing session received positive feedback on campus. Students agreed that it not only improved their oral English and l-iterary appreciation, but also inspired them to write poems of their own.

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