资源简介

　SCIENCE FICTION
教材原文助读1
①satisfaction [ s tIs'f k n]
n．满意；满足；令人满意的事
satisfy vt.使满意；满足
satisfactory/satisfying adj.令人满意的
satisfied adj.满意的
②guarantee [ ɡ r n'ti ] vt.& n.
保证；担保
③adapt [ 'd pt] vt.改编，改写
adapt A for B　把A改编成B
be adapted from...由……改编
④experiment with...对……进行试验；试用……
⑤test out检验；测试
⑥on a business trip出差
⑦persuade [p 'sweId] vt.
劝说；使相信；使信服
persuade sb. that...劝说某人相信……
⑧bonus ['b n s] n．意外收获；奖金；红利
⑨alarmed adj.担忧的；恐慌的
alarm vt.使惊恐；使担心
alarming adj.令人担忧的；
令人恐慌的
⑩more like更像是；更接近
more like A than B更像A而不像B
facial expression面部表情
embarrassed [Im'b r st]
adj.尴尬的，窘迫的
embarrass vt.使尴尬；使窘迫
embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
embarrassment n．窘迫；难堪
disturbing [dI'st bI ]
adj.令人不安的；引起烦恼的
disturb vt.打扰；使不安；弄乱
disturbed adj.心神不宁的；烦恼的
disturbance n．干扰；心神不宁
ridiculous [rI'dIkj l s] adj.
愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
[同义词] absurd [ b's d]
adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
sympathy ['sImp θI] n. 同情
feel sympathy for...
对……感到同情
out of sympathy for...
出于对……的同情
sympathetic [ sImp 'θetIk] adj.同情的
wisdom ['wIzd m] n．智慧；明智
integrity [In'teɡr ti] n.
诚实正直；完整；完好
dignity ['dIɡn ti] n．庄重；
庄严；尊严
with dignity有尊严地
elegant ['elIɡ nt] adj.漂亮雅致的；优美的；高雅的
social position社会地位
salary ['s l ri] n．薪水；薪金
big salary高薪
favour ['feIv ] n．帮助；恩惠
or rather更准确地说，更确切地说
scan [sk n] vt.浏览；翻阅
with wonder惊奇地
makeup ['meIk p] n．化妆品；妆容
make up化妆；构成；编造；弥补
accompany [ 'k mp ni]
vt.陪伴
one's work on...某人在……方面的工作(on为介词)
appointment [ 'p Intm nt] n．预约；约会；委任
nail [neIl] n．指甲；趾甲；
钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定
paint one's nails美甲
saleswoman ['seIlzw m n]
n．女售货员；女推销员
salesman ['seIlzm n] n.
售货员；推销员
turn around转身
awful [' fl] adj.糟糕的；
很坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的
in a relationship在恋爱中；交往
after all毕竟；终究
innocent ['In snt] adj.清白的；无辜的；无罪的
innocence n．清白；无辜；无罪
guilty ['ɡIlti] adj.内疚的；
有罪的；有过失的
guilt [ɡIlt] n．内疚；犯罪；过失
weep [wi p] vt.& vi.哭泣；流泪
sensitive ['sens tIv] adj.
敏感的
be sensitive to...对……敏感
transform [tr ns'f m]
vt.使改变外观(或性质)；
使改变形态
steadily ['stedIlI] adv.
稳定地；持续地
steady ['stedi]adj.稳定的；持续的
suspend [s 'spend] vt.悬；挂；
暂停；暂缓
suspend sth. from...把某物悬挂在……
ceiling ['si lI ] n．天花板；顶棚
ladder ['l d (r)] n．梯子；阶梯
scream [skri m] vi.& n.
尖叫
strike [straIk] vt.& vi.
[熟词生义] 敲；鸣；报时
dismiss [dIs'mIs] vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
take sb. in one's arms
把某人抱在怀中
declare [dI'kle (r)] vt.
表明；宣称；公布
desire [dI'zaI (r)] n．& vt.
渴望
SATISFACTION① GUARANTEED②
(Adapted③)
Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. Recently it had begun experimenting with④ a household robot. It was going to be tested out⑤ by Larry's wife, Claire.
Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially [1]as her husband would be away on a business trip⑥ for three weeks, but Larry persuaded⑦ her [2]that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus⑧. However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed⑨. His name was Tony. He seemed more like⑩ a human than a machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice, [3]although his facial expression never changed．
[1]此处为as引导的时间状语从句。
[2]此处为that引导的宾语从句，作persuaded的宾语。
[3]此处为although引导的让步状语从句。although引导的从句可置于主句前，也可置于主句后。
On the second morning, Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed [4]help dressing. She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing .
[4]此处为“help (in) doing sth.”结构。
One day, Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever. Tony said that she must feel very unhappy [5]to say that. Claire thought [6]it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. He always treated her with dignity . [7]She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn't elegant enough for Larry, who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary. She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.
[5]此处为动词不定式短语作原因状语。
[6]此处为“it＋be＋adj.＋that...”句型；句中it为形式主语，从句“that she...a robot”为真正的主语。
[7]本句中how引导宾语从句，作told的宾语；who引导非限制定语从句，修饰先行词Larry。
As a favour， Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. So Claire borrowed some library books for him to read, or rather， scan. She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page. How absurd, she thought. He was just a machine.
Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle and improved her makeup. [8]As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. Claire went downtown and bought these things. She had an appointment to paint her nails， then she went into an expensive clothes shop. The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. He spoke to the woman, who immediately changed her attitude. Claire thanked Tony, [9]telling him that he was a “dear”. As she turned around， there stood Gladys Claffern. [10]How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. By the look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship. After all， she knew Claire's husband's name was Larry, not Tony. Although it was completely innocent， Claire felt guilty.
[8]此处为as引导的原因状语从句，as在此意为“因为、由于”。
[9]此处为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[10]此处为how引导的感叹句的省略形式，其完整形式为“How awful it was to be discovered by her”。
When Claire got home, she wept. Gladys was everything Claire wished to be. Tony told her [11]she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys. [12]He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. By that time, Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed， would be ready.
[11]此处为省略that的宾语从句；其中was being sensitive为“be＋being＋形容词”结构，该结构常用来表达被陈述对象行为反常(暂时的特点或表现)以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备等情绪；“just as good as...”意为“和……一样好”。
[12]本句中主句的谓语动词suggested意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即宾语从句的谓语要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略；was to leave和was to return均表示对过去将来时间的安排，为“be to do”结构。
Tony worked steadily on the improvements. Claire tried to help by working on a light [13]suspended from the ceiling， but she fell off the ladder. [14]Even though Tony had been in the next room, he managed to catch her in time. As he held her, she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed， pushed him away, and ran to her room.
[13]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a light, light与suspend之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
[14]此处为even though引导的让步状语从句。
The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. [15]The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night. At that moment, Tony took her in his arms， bringing his face close to hers. [16]She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang.
[15]此处为“主语＋would/should＋be＋doing”构成的过去将来进行时，表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作，或在过去将来的某一时间正在发生的动作。
[16]本句中heard him declare为“hear sb. do”结构，其中do为不带to的动词不定式，作宾语补足语，表示动作发生的全过程；and连接两个由that引导的并列宾语从句，第二个that不能省略。
包你满意(改编版)
拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家生产机器人的公司工作。最近，该公司开始对一个家用机器人进行试验。这将由拉里的妻子克莱尔来检验。
克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝说她机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。它会是一个意外收获。然而，当她第一次见到这个机器人时，她感到害怕。机器人名叫托尼。他看上去与其说是一台机器，倒不如说更像是一个人。他高大英俊，头发顺滑，声音低沉浑厚，尽管他的面部表情从未改变。
第二天早晨，托尼给她端来了早餐，然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣。她觉得尴尬，赶紧让他离开了。现在她被一个看起来很像人的机器人照顾着，这让她感到不安。
有一天，克莱尔说，她觉得自己不聪明。托尼说，她说那样的话心里一定很不快乐。虽然克莱尔认为她被机器人同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐欣赏他的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。他总是很尊重她。她对托尼说，对于像拉里这样想通过更高的薪水来提高社会地位的人来说，她的家不够雅致，这让她很不高兴。她跟格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样，克拉芬是这附近最有钱有势的女人之一。
出于好意，托尼答应帮克莱尔变得更漂亮，把她的家变得更雅致。于是克莱尔从图书馆借了一些书给托尼读，更确切地说，是让他浏览一下。她惊奇地看着他的手指翻动书的每一页。她想，多么荒谬啊。他只不过是一台机器。
托尼给克莱尔换了新发型，并改善了她的妆容。由于他不被允许陪她去商店，所以他写了一张清单，上面列有他改造房子所需要的东西，然后由克莱尔去市中心采购这些东西。她按照预约做好美甲，然后走进了一家高档服装店。那里的女销售员对她很无礼，她就打电话给托尼，说自己正受到粗鲁的对待。他和女销售员在电话上说了几句话，对方马上就改变了态度。克莱尔对托尼表示感谢，并称他“亲爱的”。当她转过身时，(她看到)格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。克莱尔想，被她发现了，这可真糟糕。从格拉迪丝脸上的神情来看，克莱尔知道，格拉迪丝认为他们在交往。毕竟，格拉迪丝知道她的丈夫叫拉里，而不是托尼。尽管这完全是清白的，但克莱尔还是感到内疚。
回到家后，克莱尔哭了。克莱尔就是想成为格拉迪丝那样的人。托尼对克莱尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就像格拉迪丝一样好。他建议她，在他要离开，拉里即将回来的前一天晚上邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。到那时，托尼期待这所正被彻底改造的房子可以立刻使用。
托尼有条不紊地进行着改造工作。克莱尔试图帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯，但是她从梯子上掉了下来。尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间，但还是及时接住了她。他抱着她时，她感觉到了他身体的温暖。她尖叫一声，推开他，跑回了自己房间。
聚会之夜到来了。八点的时钟敲响了。客人们马上就要到了，因此那天晚上克莱尔让托尼离开。就在那一刻，托尼搂住了她，把脸贴近她的脸。她听到他说，明天他不想离开她，而且他不仅仅是想讨她的欢心。这时，前门的门铃响了。
教材原文助读2
①sit oneself＋prep./adv.
使自己坐在……
②leather ['le (r)] n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
③lever ['li v (r)；NAmE 'lev r] n．操纵杆；杠杆
starting lever启动杆
④panel ['p nl] n．控制板；
仪表盘；专家咨询组
⑤inch [Int ] n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)
⑥backwards ['b kw dz]
[NAmE backward] adv.
向后；倒着；往回
⑦trick vt.欺骗n.诡计；把戏
⑧or so大约；左右
⑨draw/take a breath吸一口气
hold one's breath屏住呼吸
out of breath上气不接下气
⑩grip [ɡrIp] vt.& vi.紧握；
抓紧
hazy ['heIzi] adj.模糊的；
朦胧的；困惑的
go hazy变得模糊
niece [ni s] n．侄女；外甥女
fetch [fet ] vt.(去)拿来；
(去)请来
handkerchief ['h ?k t If] n．手帕；
纸巾(复数形式为handkerchiefs/
handkerchieves)
apparently adv.看来；显然
apparent [ 'p r nt] adj.
显然的；表面上的
lamp [l mp] n．灯；台灯
turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
still用作程度副词，修饰形容词和副词的比较级，表示“更、愈”。
feel like感觉像是……
winding ['waIndI?] adj.
弯曲的；蜿蜒的
wind [waInd](wound, wound) vt.& vi.蜿蜒
pace [peIs] n．速度；步伐；节奏
vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
fall away (逐渐)减少；消失
division [dI'vI n] n．分开；
分隔；分歧；差异；除(法)
divide [dI'vaId] v．(使)分开；分散
divide...into...把……分成……
puff [p f] n. (烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息
puffs of smoke袅袅烟雾
in moments瞬间；片刻
rise up升起；耸立
urge [ d ] n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事
random ['r nd m] adj. 随机的；
不可思议的
at random随机地；随意地；胡乱地
randomly ['r nd mli]
adv.随机地
maximum ['m ksIm m]
adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度
[反义词] minimum ['mInIm m]
adj.最小极限的 n．最小量；最小限度
be occupied by...被……占据
explode [Ik'spl d] vi. & vt.
爆炸；爆破
explosion n．爆炸；爆破；突增
jolt [d lt] n．震动；摇晃；颠簸
vt.& vi.(使)震动；摇晃
flip [flIp] vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
stun [st n] vt.使震惊；
使昏迷
mud [m d] n．泥；泥浆
muddy adj.泥泞的
THE TIME MACHINE (Adapted)
[1]It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career. I gave it a last check, and sat myself in① the leather② seat. I pushed the starting lever③ on the main panel④ forwards an inch⑤ then immediately backwards⑥ again. [2]Looking around, I saw my laboratory exactly as before. Had anything happened I thought my mind had tricked⑦ me. Then I saw the clock. A moment before, it was a minute or so⑧ past ten; now it was nearly half past three!
[1]本句为强调句型，强调时间状语at ten o'clock today；去掉It was和that之后，句子仍然完整。
[2]此处为动词 ing短语作状语，look与主语I之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
I drew a breath⑨， gripped⑩ the lever and pushed it forwards. The laboratory went hazy around me. My niece came in to fetch something, maybe her handkerchief ， apparently without seeing me. It probably took her a minute, but to me she moved like a rocket! I pushed the lever further. Night came [3]as if a lamp was being turned out ， and [4]in another moment came the day. Tomorrow night came, then skipped to day, again and again, faster and faster still .
[3]此处为as if引导的方式状语从句。
[4]此处为介词短语前置引起的完全倒装。主语是the day，谓语是came，介词短语in another moment为时间状语。
It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling. It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road. As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away， and I was left in the open air. The sun and moon looked [5] as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day. Around me I saw trees growing like puffs of smoke; they grew, spread, and died in moments. I saw huge buildings rise up， then disappear like in a dream. The whole surface of the earth was being changed, melting and flowing before my eyes. I calculated that I was being pushed through time at hundreds of years a minute.
I had a strong urge to look at the random things [6]that were being flashed before my eyes! I had thought about the risk of stopping the Time Machine many times. [7] So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter. But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb! Like an impatient fool, I pulled the lever backwards hard. With a sudden jolt， the Time Machine was flipped on its side, and I was thrown through the air.
I was stunned for a moment, and then heard the sound of thunder. I was sitting in the rain in some mud next to the machine. “A fine welcome，” I said, “for a man who has travelled thousands of years to be here！”
[6]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词things。
[7]此处为so long as引导的条件状语从句， so long as相当于as long as, 意为“只要”。
时间机器(改编版)
就在今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始运行了。我最后检查了一下它，然后坐在皮椅上，把主面板上的启动控制杆向前推了一英寸，又立即向后拉。环顾四周，我看到我的实验室和以前一模一样。有任何变化吗？我想是大脑欺骗了我。然后我看了看时钟，片刻之前是十点零一分左右，而现在已经快三点半了！
我吸了一口气，抓住控制杆向前推。我周围的实验室景象变得一片模糊。我侄女进来拿东西，可能是她的手帕，显然她没有看到我。她拿东西大概花了一分钟。但对我来说，她移动得像火箭一样快！我把控制杆推得更远了一些。夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。然后到了第二天晚上，又跃进到白天，如此反复，越来越快。
很难解释时间旅行时那种奇怪和不愉快的感觉。就好像我坐在车里，在蜿蜒的公路上飞驰。随着我的速度越来越快，实验室的墙壁也随之消失了，我被留在户外。太阳和月亮看起来像是被抛到了天空，但很快就有了白天和黑夜的分界。我看到周围的树木像烟雾一样向上生长；它们在转瞬之间生长、伸展枝叶、死亡。我看到巨大的建筑拔地而起，然后像在梦里一样消失了。整个地球表面都在我眼前变化、融化和流动。我计算了一下，我正在以每分钟数百年的速度在时间中穿梭。
我有一种强烈的欲望，想看看那些在我眼前随机闪过的东西！我多次考虑过时间机器停止运转带来的风险；只要我以最快的速度穿梭，那就不会有问题。但是如果我停下来，同一空间会被其他东西占据，我们就会被压迫在一起，然后像炸弹一样爆炸！像一个不耐烦的傻瓜，我使劲向后拉了一下控制杆。突然一阵颠簸，时间机器翻了，我被抛到了空中。
我昏迷了片刻，然后听到了雷声。我坐在雨中的泥地里，旁边就是时间机器。我说：“对一个穿梭了几千年的时间来到这里的人来说，这是一个不错的欢迎仪式！”
　ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
教材原文助读3
①do/conduct/undertake
research on...
对……进行研究
②located [l 'ke t d] adj.位于
locate vt.找出……的准确位置；确定……的地点；把……安置在/建造于……
location n．地方；地点；位置
③equator [ 'kwe t (r)] n．赤道
④refer to...as...把……称作……
⑤down under的字面意思是“底下”，这是澳大利亚的一个非正式的别称。down under还可以指新西兰。在实际使用中，down under还可以首字母大写，即Down Under。
⑥koala [k 'ɑ l ] n．考拉；树袋熊
⑦can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事
⑧major in主修
⑨barbecue ['bɑ b kju ] n．(abbr. BBQ)户外烧烤；烤架
⑩originally adv.原来；起初
original adj.原来的；独创的；原作的n.原件；原作
origin n．起源；源头；起因；
身世；出身
bakery ['be k ri] n．面包
(糕饼)店；面包厂
bake vt.& vi.(在烤炉里)烘烤；焙
joint [d nt] n．公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)；关节 adj.联合的；共同的
fast food joints快餐店
butcher ['b t (r)] n.
肉贩；屠夫；刽子手
premier ['premi (r)；NAmE
pr 'm r] adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的 n．总理；首相
on the other hand另一方面，常与on (the) one hand构成搭配，意为“一方面……，另一方面……”，用于引出对立的思想、观点等。
lead to导致；造成；引起；促使
herb [h b] n．药草；香草；草木
along with与……一起
dim sim [ d m's m](特指澳大利亚的)点心
be native to...原产于……
visible adj.明显的；能注意到的；看得见的；可见的
[反义词] invisible adj.
看不见的；隐形的
survive vi.生存；存活；继续存在
survive from...从……中留存下来
survival n．生存；存活；幸存；
残存物；幸存物
in contact with...与……有联系/接触
hollow ['h l ] adj.
中空的；空心的
vibrate [va 'bre t] vt.& vi.(使)振动
horn [h n] n．(乐器)号
pitch [p t ] n．音高
breathe in吸气
breathe out呼气
be convinced that...确信……
convinced adj.坚信的；
深信的；确信的
convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的
convince vt.使确信；使信服；说服
complicated adj.复杂的；
难懂的
people在此意为“民族、种族”，为可数名词。
make up构成；组成
minority n．少数民族；少数；少数派；少数人
[反义词] majority n．大部分；大多数
be in a/the minority/majority占少数/多数；成为少数派/多数派
play a part in...在……中起作用；参与……
shape vt.塑造；使成为……形状/样子；决定……的形成；影响……的发展；
n．状况；形状；外形
in shape状况良好
out of shape变形的；走样的；身体状况不佳
in the shape of...以……的形式；呈……的形状
contribute v．捐赠，捐助；
为……做贡献；投稿
contribute to有助于；促成；捐献；导致
contribution n．贡献；捐赠；捐助
make great contributions to
对……做出重大贡献
personally speaking就个人而言
straightforward [ stre t'f w d]
adj.坦率的；简单的
free and easy adj.无拘无束的；不拘礼节的
feel at home感觉舒适自在
slogan ['sl ɡ n] n．标语；口号
25 Sep
Next week I'm travelling to Australia to visit a friend there over the school holidays. I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and [1]what I learn. I have already done some research on① the country. Located② to the south of the equator③， below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as④ “down under⑤”．
[1]此处为what引导的宾语从句，作record的宾语，what在从句中作learn的宾语。
I have also read about some iconic sites, such as the Sydney Opera House and the Great Ocean Road, and animals like the cute koalas⑥ and kangaroos.I can't wait to⑦ see all of them! [2]However, as I major in⑧ social studies, I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life.
[2]本句中as引导原因状语从句；句中第一个and连接两个动名词短语，作interested后介词in的宾语。
1 Oct
I'm here in Sydney! Since I arrived, my friend has brought me to my first open air barbecue⑨ and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me, so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food! A lot of typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast, is originally⑩ British. Bakeries ， fast food joints ， butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world. The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand ， led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs ， along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese inspired dim sim .
3 Oct
My friend and I have arrived in Katherine, a town in Australia's Northern Territory. [3]We're here to learn about the life and customs of the Aborigines, who are native to Australia. The Aboriginal population might be small, but its influence is still visible. For example, “Bondi” in “Bondi Beach” is an Aboriginal word [4]meaning “water breaking over rocks”．
[3]本句中“to learn...”为动词不定式作目的状语；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Aborigines。
[4]此处为现在分词短语作后置定语。
[5]To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature. This shows in their music, too, [6]which celebrates the natural world and the spiritual world around them. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.
[5]此处“To survive...”为动词不定式作目的状语。
[6]此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
The didgeridoo is made from a tree branch [7]which is hollow. To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips. Unlike a horn， there are no finger holes. The didgeridoo player has to change the shape of his mouth in order to change pitch. A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe. He does this by continually breathing in through his nose [8]while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo. [9] I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument!
[7]此处为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a tree branch。
[8]此处为状语从句的省略形式。
[9]本句中but连接表示转折关系的句子；第二个分句中that引导宾语从句。
6 Oct
It's almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia. I've enjoyed my time here very much. After being here for a while, my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation. [10]Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
[10]本句中Although引导让步状语从句，句中包含with复合结构。
Personally speaking， what I like most about Australia is the people themselves. They have a straightforward and free and easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home[11]wherever I went.
[11]此处为wherever引导的让步状语从句。
After experiencing Australia, I have to say that I agree with the tourism slogan：“There's nothing like Australia.”
9月25日
趁学校放假，下周我将去澳大利亚看望一位朋友。我计划用这个博客来记录我的经历和我所学到的东西。我已经对这个国家做了一番研究。它位于赤道以南，在地球上很多其他国家的下方，常被非正式地称为“down under”。
我也看了一些标志性景点(的介绍)，比如悉尼歌剧院和大洋路，还有像可爱的考拉和袋鼠这样的动物(的资料)。我迫不及待地想见到所有的这一切！不过，因为我主修社会研究，所以我对结识澳大利亚人并体验他们的文化、饮食和生活方式更感兴趣。
10月1日
我在悉尼啦！自从我来到这里，朋友就带着我去吃了我的第一次露天烧烤，还与我分享了许多风格各异但很美味的佳肴，所以我对澳大利亚的第一印象都是关于食物的！很多澳大利亚的特色美食都源自英国，比如星期日烤肉。随处可见的面包店、快餐店、肉店、咖啡馆和餐馆提供了世界上顶级的美食体验。另一方面，受亚洲文化的影响，除了灵感源自中国的点心等澳大利亚版的食物以外，还引入了豆腐和亚洲药草。
10月3日
我和朋友已经到达了位于澳大利亚北部地区的小镇凯瑟琳。我们此行的目的是了解土著人的生活和习俗，他们是澳大利亚的原住民。土著人的人口可能很少，但其影响依旧可见。例如，“邦迪海滩”中的“邦迪”就是一个意为“拍打着岩石的海浪”的土著词汇。
为了在海洋中的这片辽阔的土地上生存，土著人必须和大自然保持密切的联系。这也体现在他们的音乐中，这些音乐歌颂着他们周围的自然世界和精神世界。他们的大多数乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中就有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的、令人惊叹的乐器。
迪吉里杜管由一根空心的树枝制成。吹奏迪吉里杜管时，你要把嘴靠在它的末端，一边吹一边振动你的嘴唇。与号不同，迪吉里杜管没有指孔。(所以)吹奏迪吉里杜管的演奏者必须靠改变嘴形才能改变音高。一名娴熟的演奏者可以长时间吹奏，不用停下来换气。为了达到这种程度，演奏者不停地通过鼻子吸气，同时通过他的嘴向迪吉里杜管呼气。我尝试着学习如何吹奏它，但经过几个小时的努力，我只能确信我永远都无法用这个乐器发出乐声！
10月6日
差不多是我跟澳大利亚说再见的时候了。在这里我过得十分愉快。在这里住了一段时间之后，给我留下最深刻印象的是不同种族和文化的交融组成了这个国家。尽管自1788年以来，主要的文化影响来自西方文化，但少数族裔文化在塑造独特的澳大利亚文化方面也发挥了作用，还有许多随着移民而来的新文化的影响。据说现在将近一半的澳大利亚公民要么是自己出生于海外，要么是他们的父母出生于海外。
就我个人而言，我最喜欢的是澳大利亚人本身。他们对待生活的态度坦率且无拘无束，他们的友善和热情让我无论走到哪里都有宾至如归的感觉。
在游历了澳大利亚之后，我不得不说我赞同他们的旅游口号：“澳大利亚，无与伦比。”
教材原文助读4
①(be) unique to (某地或某人)独具的；特有的
②symbol n．象征
③distribution [ d str 'bju n]
n．分布；分配；分发
distribute vt.分配；分发
④tough adj.坚强的；健壮的；能吃苦耐劳的；坚韧不拔的
⑤resolve n．[熟词生义]
决心；坚定的信念
⑥individual n．个人；个体
⑦at birth出生时
⑧pouch [pa t ] n．育儿袋；小袋子；荷包
⑨temporary ['tempr ri] adj.暂时的；短暂的；
临时的
[反义词]permanent adj.永久的；永恒的
⑩phase [fe z] n．阶段；时期
during the first/next/last phase在第一阶段/下一阶段/最后阶段
encounter with...
与……的邂逅/相遇
encounter n．(意外、突然或暴力的)遭遇；邂逅；相遇；冲突 vt.遭遇；偶然遇到
clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
panic vi.& vt.恐慌，
(使)惊慌失措 n．惊恐；恐慌　
in panic惊慌地
trunk [tr ?k] n．树干
interaction with.../
between...与……的互动/……之间的互动
interact vi.交流；沟通；
合作；相互影响；相互作用
interact with...与……交流/沟通
make laws against (doing) sth.制定法律禁止(做)某事
in the interest(s) of
为了/符合……的利益
pick up捡起；举起；提起；偶然获得；学会
licensed ['la snst] adj.得到正式许可的
license ['la sns] vt.批准；许可n.(＝licence)许可证；执照
session ['se n] n．一场；一段时间；会议
in a(n)．..state
处于……的状态
handle vt.(用手)触，拿；
搬动；应付；处理
limited adj.有限的
limit n．& vt.限制
frequency ['fri kw nsi]
n．发生率；重复率；(声波或电磁波振动的)频率
frequent adj.频繁的；经常发生的
frequently adv.频繁地
come across (偶然)遇见；
碰见；发现
the dead意为“死者”。
“the＋形容词”表示一类人，为复数意义；作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
mostly adv.主要地；一般地；通常
violent ['va l nt] adj.
暴力的；猛烈的
violently adv.暴力地；
猛烈地
violence ['va l ns] n.
暴力；暴行
nest [nest] n．巢穴；
鸟窝；秘密窝点
primitive adj.原始的；人类或动物发展早期的；远古的
mammal ['m ml] n．哺乳动物
biology [ba ' l d i] n.
生理；生物学
hatch [h t ] vi.孵出；破壳 vt.使孵出；策划；(尤指)密谋
nurse vi.[熟词生义] 吃奶；喂奶
bill n．[熟词生义] 鸟嘴；喙
capacity [k 'p s ti] n.
能力；容量
capacity for (doing) sth./to do sth.做某事的能力
a handful of少数人(或物)；一把(的量)
THE AMAZING ANIMALS OF AUSTRALIA
Our topic today is “Creatures Unique to① Australia”， [1]with questions answered by wildlife expert, Dr Jim Smith．
[1]此处为with复合结构，在句中作状语；answer与questions之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。Dr Jim Smith作wildlife expert的同位语。
Australia has lots of unique animals, but which animal is a symbol② of the country
It has to be the kangaroo, as it has a wide distribution③ throughout the country. It's a tough④ animal that has to survive in a difficult environment. Also, it cannot walk backwards, so it is always moving forwards. This expresses the strength and resolve⑤ of the Australians as individuals⑥ and as a nation. Baby kangaroos weigh only two grammes at birth⑦. They then find their way into their mother's pouch⑧ —a kind of pocket—to stay safe and warm. They sleep and drink milk in that temporary⑨， protected environment [2]until they are about seven or eight months old. After this phase⑩， they go out to try their legs. After they learn to jump, they gradually spend less time with their mother and learn to be independent. [3]Kangaroos may look cute, but encounters with them don't always end so well. Kangaroos can hit and kick very hard, so please folks, if you see some kangaroos, remember they're not for petting!
[2]此处为until引导的时间状语从句。
[3]本句为but连接的并列句，but后的分句中包含部分否定。
Koalas are cute, and we see so many pictures of people holding them. But in many places in Australia, it is against the law to even touch them. Can you clarify that
[4]They are really quite cute, but the truth is, koalas are very sensitive creatures who can easily panic because of even small changes in their environment. They spend quite a lot of time eating, sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks ，so interaction with humans can cause them a lot of stress. Because of this, the government began to make laws against touching koalas, in the interest of animal protection, as well as public safety. So, if you see one in the wild, you shouldn't approach it to pick it up or even touch it. If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos [5]where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions．
[4]本句为but连接的并列句。the truth is后接表语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词creatures。
[5]此处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词zoos；两个that均引导宾语从句，作make sure的宾语；selected for each session为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the koalas。
So, we've talked about some cute animals. What about animals which aren't so cute
My favourite is a little creature called the Tasmanian devil. If you are out camping in Tasmania and come across one, the experience might scare you! [6]Tasmanian devils hunt at night, so you won't usually see them, but you may hear their loud cries when they are fighting or eating. The noise [7]they make could wake the dead. Frightening! They are about the size of small dogs and look like rather large black rats. They also have a terrible smell! Their diet is mostly dead animals. Fortunately, despite their name, they are generally not violent towards people.
[6]本句为并列句。so和but均为并列连词；when引导时间状语从句。
[7]此处为省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词The noise；wake the dead运用了夸张的修辞手法。
Australia also has some animals that many people have never heard of, for example, the duck billed platypus. Is that some kind of bird
Not at all. [8]While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird, it's really a primitive mammal， with a unique biology. Its eggs hatch after about ten days, and then the baby platypus nurses from its mother like all other mammals. Its nose looks like a duck's bill， and it has feet like a duck's so it can dive under the water, but it's covered in hair. Do you know what's really strange about a platypus The platypus doesn't use its senses of sight or smell to find food. It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill. There are only a small handful of animals in the world [9]that can do that!
[8]此处为while引导的让步状语从句。
[9]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词animals。
澳大利亚神奇的动物
我们今天的话题是“澳大利亚特有的生物”，由野生动物专家吉姆·史密斯博士回答问题。
澳大利亚拥有众多独特的动物，但哪种动物才是这个国家的象征呢？
那必须是袋鼠，因为这种动物广泛分布于全国。袋鼠是一种强壮的动物，生存于恶劣的环境中。此外，它不会倒退行走，所以它总是勇往直前。这表达了澳大利亚人作为个体和民族的力量与决心。袋鼠宝宝出生时只有两克重。然后，它们会钻进它们母亲的育儿袋——一种口袋——以保持安全和温暖。它们在这个临时性、受保护的环境中睡觉和吃奶，直到七八个月大。在这个阶段之后，它们会出去试试自己的腿力。学会跳跃之后，它们与母亲相处的时间就会逐渐减少，并学会独立。袋鼠可能看起来十分可爱，但与它们邂逅的结局并不总是那么美好。袋鼠的踢打相当有力，所以大家要注意，如果你们看到袋鼠，要记住它们不是用来抚摸的！
考拉非常可爱，我们可以看到很多人抱着它们的照片。但是在澳大利亚的许多地方，即便触摸一下它们都是违法的。你能说明一下这点吗？
考拉确实十分可爱，但事实是，考拉是非常敏感的动物，即便只是环境中的微小变化都会让它们惊慌失措。它们大部分时间都在吃东西、睡觉和挂在树干上，所以与人类互动会给它们带来极大的压力。因此，政府开始立法禁止触摸考拉，这也是出于对动物保护和公共安全的考虑。所以，如果你在野外看到一只考拉，你不应该靠近它去把它抱起来，甚至不应该去触摸它。如果你想要抱一抱考拉，你必须去那些获得正式许可的动物园，在那里动物专家会确保为每场互动而选出的考拉状态良好，可以与人接触，而且只在有限的时间内，以有限的次数与人互动。
我们已经讨论了一些可爱的动物，那么，不太可爱的动物有哪些呢？
我最喜欢的是一种被称为塔斯马尼亚恶魔的小动物。如果你在塔斯马尼亚野外露营时遇到一只，那经历可能会吓到你！塔斯马尼亚恶魔在夜间捕食，所以你通常不会看到它们，然而当它们打架或者吃东西时，你会听到它们震耳的嚎叫声。它们发出来的噪声能把死人叫醒。太可怕了！它们的个头跟小狗差不多，看起来像大黑鼠。它们身上还有一股难闻的气味！它们的食物主要是动物的尸体。幸运的是，尽管它们名为“恶魔”，但是它们基本上对人类没有攻击性。
澳大利亚还有一些许多人从未听说过的动物，例如鸭嘴兽。那是某种鸟吗？
完全不是。虽然它可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它实际上是一种原始的哺乳动物，具有罕见的生物特性。它的蛋大约十天后孵化出来，然后新生鸭嘴兽像其他所有哺乳动物一样由母亲哺乳。它的鼻子看起来像鸭嘴，脚也与鸭子的一样，所以它可以潜到水下，但它浑身都是毛。你知道鸭嘴兽真正奇怪的地方是什么吗？鸭嘴兽并非用视觉或嗅觉来觅食。它拥有一种通过用嘴里的电传感器在水中找到食物的能力。世界上具备这一能力的动物屈指可数！
　SEA EXPLORATION
教材原文助读5
①form the foundation of...
形成……的基础
②passion n．强烈情感；激情；酷爱；热衷的爱好(或活动等)
a passion for...对……酷爱
③tale [teIl] n．故事；叙述
④merchant ['m t nt] n.
商人；批发商
adj.海上货运的
⑤set sail起航；开航
⑥find one's way找到路；设法到达
⑦become known as...
作为……而出名
become known for...
因为……而出名
⑧extend [Ik'stend] vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
extension n．扩展；延长
⑨centre around把……当作中心；集中于；围绕
⑩negotiate [nI'ɡ ieIt] vt.商定；达成(协议)
vi.谈判；磋商；协商
negotiation n．谈判；达成协议
awareness [ 'we n s]
n．认识
raise/heighten/increase public awareness of sth.
强化公众对某事物的意识
fleet [fli t] n．舰队；机群；车队
behold [bI'h ld] vt.
(beheld, beheld)看；看见
a sight to behold壮观的景象
in a league of one's own独领风骚
league [li ɡ] n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛
of one's own属于某人自己的
on one's own独立地
under the command of sb./under sb.'s command在某人的指挥下
command n．控制；管辖；指挥 vt.命令；指挥
command that sb.(should) do sth.命令某人做某事
royal ['r I l] adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
the royal family/household
王室
gesture ['d est (r)] n．[熟词生义](表明感情或意图的)姿态；表示
as a gesture of...表示……
in return for...作为
对……的回报
in return作为回报
spice [spaIs] n．(调味)香料
withdraw from退出；撤回
withdraw [wI 'dr ] vi.& vt.(withdrew, withdrawn)
(使)撤回；撤离
channel ['t nl] n．航道；海峡；频道；渠道
revisit vt.重提；再次讨论
maritime ['m rItaIm]
adj.海的；海运的；海事的
the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road
21世纪海上丝绸之路
bond [b nd] n．纽带；关系
vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
strengthen the bonds
between...and...
加强……与……之间的联系
for the benefit of...
为了……的利益
trade and cultural exchange
贸易和文化交流
exchange n．交流；互访
from...point of view
就……而言；从……角度
urgent adj.紧急的；紧迫的；迫切的
in hand在手头；可供使用
enhance [In'hɑ ns] vt.
提高；增强；增进
drive sb. to do sth.驱使某人做某事
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of① mankind's greatest achievements. [1]To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion② for the people of early civilisations. Marco Polo's tales③ inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. However, merchants④ and explorers from the East set sail⑤ from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
[1]此处为动词不定式作主语。
In ancient times, silk from China found its way⑥ overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along [2] what became known as⑦ the Silk Road. A trading route across the sea was also extended⑧ along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, [3]centred around⑨ Ceylon(now Sri Lanka). Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate⑩ trade deals, [4]which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
[2]此处为what引导的宾语从句，相当于the road which became known as the Silk Road。
[3]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，centre与其逻辑主语A trading route之间为被动关系。
[4]此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句。
Later, the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. Under the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa. African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold, silk, and spices . Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. [5]The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come. China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
[5]本句中travelled by Zheng He为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰routes; which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road。
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects. [6]Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times, there are still many other places left to explore. In recent years, China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. From a scientific point of view， there is an urgent need [7]to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
[6]本句中Although引导让步状语从句；主句为there be句型；left to explore作后置定语，修饰many other places。
[7]此处为动词不定式短语作后置定语。
Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
跨海越洋
贸易和好奇心通常构成人类最伟大成就的基础。在早期文明中，人们对绘制伟大的世界地图充满激情。马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。然而，在哥伦布首次启航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始了自东向西的航行。
在古代，来自中国的丝绸沿陆路运至印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是后来闻名遐迩的“丝绸之路”。以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人汇聚在一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的了解。正如8世纪杜环所著的《经行记》中所记载的那样，几个世纪以来，进一步的贸易使中国西部地区得到了更多的探索。
后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的关系。1405年至1433年间，七支大型船队向西航行进行贸易和探索。当时，这些船队极为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，船队从中国南海起航，穿越印度洋，直抵红海口，然后前往非洲东海岸。非洲王室用长颈鹿等礼物作为友谊的象征，以换取黄金、丝绸和香料。尽管中国在1433年以后停止了进一步的海上探索，但这些陆上和海上路线在接下来的几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间进行交流的活跃通道。
今天，跨海越洋依旧是人们强烈的渴望。作为“一带一路”倡议的组成部分，“21世纪海上丝绸之路”让郑和曾经走过的古代海上航线再度受到关注。这项倡议旨在鼓励历史悠久的丝绸之路所经地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。近年来，贸易增长迅猛，未来几年也将持续增长。中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将有助于整个地区的极大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
中国还与海洋彼岸的友邦一起参与了其他重要项目。尽管郑和的古代海上路线已经重走很多次了，但仍有许多其他地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一起开展了几次北极考察活动。从科学的角度来看，(我们)迫切需要对北极进行研究，以了解气候变化及其影响。
数百年过去了，随着对最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和增进关系的愿望将推动中国跨海越洋走向遥远的未来。
教材原文助读6
①exploit [Ik'spl It] vt.
开发；利用；剥削
exploitation n．开发
②spill (spilt/spilled，
spilt/spilled) vt.& vi.
洒出；溢出
③gallon ['ɡ l n] n．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)
④fossil fuel化石燃料
⑤negative cycle恶性循环
positive cycle良性循环
⑥murder ['m d (r)]
vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏
n．谋杀；凶杀
murderer ['m d r (r)]
n．凶手；杀人犯
⑦mercy ['m si] n．仁慈；
宽恕；恩惠
without mercy毫无同情地；残忍地
at the mercy of...
任由……摆布
⑧be home to...是……的家园
⑨possession [p 'ze n]
n．(usually pl.)个人财产；拥有；控制
possess v．拥有
in possession of拥有
in the possession of...
被……拥有
⑩opponent [ 'p n nt] n．反对者；对手；竞争者
concerned [k n's nd] adj.担心的；忧虑的
be concerned for...
担心……；忧虑……
be concerned with...关注……
address vt.[熟词生义]
设法解决；处理；对付
take action采取行动
log [l ɡ；NAmE l ɡ] vt.把……载入正式记录；记录　n．正式记录；日志；原木
log in/on注册；登录
log out注销；退出
access vt.到达；进入
accessible adj.可进入的
vast amounts of大量的
option n．选择
optional adj.可选择的
Text 1
When people talk of exploring the sea more, they usually mean exploiting① it. Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more.
More exploration means more pollution. The Deepwater Horizon spilled② over 200 million gallons③ of oil into the sea in 2010. Plastic pollution is also bad, [1]killing many birds and fish, and has even been found in our tap water.
[1]此处为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。
Mining for resources is very damaging, especially in the Arctic. Because of climate change, there is less ice now, [2]which means we can look for more fossil fuels④ further north. But if we burn these, the ice will melt more and this negative cycle⑤ will continue. Climate change is warning us that something is very wrong.
[2]此处为which引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文的整个句子。
Overfishing is another problem. Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so-called research. Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering⑥” these intelligent creatures without mercy⑦.
The sea is home to⑧ life, not human beings' possessions⑨. It is huge, but it is more sensitive than we think. If we do not protect it, future generations will not forgive us.
Text 2
[3]To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans which cover most of it. Opponents⑩ may be concerned ， but sea exploration is important for our future. For example, scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change. [4]We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action . Therefore, more research is necessary.
[3]本句中动词不定式To truly understand our planet作目的状语；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the oceans。
[4]本句中what引导宾语从句；so that引导目的状语从句。
[5]Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth. It may help us discover new medicines, as well as new sources of food and energy. Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes.
[5]Understanding more about the sea和Logging new species均是动词-ing形式作主语。
The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development. There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals.
Of course, there are still environmental risks. However, these should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance.
文本一
当人们在谈论扩大海洋探索的时候，他们通常指的是海洋开发。海洋探索已经造成了许多问题，并且还将继续引发更多的问题。
扩大探索意味着污染加剧。2010年，“深水地平线”号钻井平台在海中溢出了两亿多加仑的石油。塑料污染也十分严重，导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
资源开采极具破坏性，尤其是在北极地区。由于气候变化，现在冰川减少了，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料。但是，如果我们烧尽这些燃料，冰川将融化得更多，这一恶性循环将持续下去。气候变化正警告我们情况不妙。
过度捕捞是另一个问题。捕杀鲸鱼和海豚以获取它们的肉或对它们进行所谓的研究。尽管这早在1982年就被禁止了，但一些国家仍在残忍地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私有财产。它广阔无垠，但比我们想象的更为敏感。如果我们不保护它，子孙后代将不会原谅我们。
文本二
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。反对者也许会担心，但是海洋探索对我们的未来十分重要。例如，科学考察船可以帮助应对像气候变化这种重要的问题。我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。因此，有必要进行更多的研究。
深入了解海洋也将帮助我们更好地管理其资源。记载新物种将增进我们对地球上生命的了解。这可能还会帮助我们发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。深海探索还有可能会帮助我们预测地震等事件。
世界人口正在不断增长，我们需要新的资源来维系未来的发展。海洋和冰川之下可能蕴藏着大量的资源，不仅有石油和天然气，还有珍贵的矿产。
当然，环境风险仍然存在。然而，这些风险应该与经济需求相平衡。希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来实现这种平衡。
　SHARING
教材原文助读7
①parcel ['pɑ sl] n．包裹
vt.裹好；打包
②jam [d m] n．果酱；堵塞
traffic jams交通堵塞
③be dying to do... 渴望做……
④mail [meIl] n．邮件；信件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮给
mailbox n．电子邮箱
airmail n．航空邮递
⑤secondary ['sek ndri] adj.
中学的；次要的
secondary education中等教育
be secondary to...与……相比是次要的
⑥clay [kleI] n．黏土；陶土
⑦dusty ['d sti] adj.布满灰尘的
dust [d st] n．沙土；灰尘
vi.& vt.擦灰
a dusty track尘土飞扬的小路
⑧weed [wi d] n．杂草；野草
vt.& vi. 除杂草
⑨a chorus of齐声；异口同声
chorus ['k r s] n．合唱曲；合唱团vt.合唱；齐声说
⑩cotton uniform棉质校服
cotton ['k tn] n．棉布；棉花
uniform ['ju nIf m] n．校服；制服 adj.一致的；统一的
up to多达；高达
not to mention更不用说；且不说
tablet ['t bl t] n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片
rubber ['r b (r)] n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶
adapt to适应
have no concept of...没有……的概念
concept n．观念；概念
washroom ['w ru m] n．洗手间；厕所
[同义词]toilet；restroom
basin ['beIsn] n．盆
rigid ['rId Id] adj.死板的；固执的
[同义词] stubborn ['st b n]
adj.固执的
[反义词] flexible ['fleks bl]
adj.灵活的
the other day几天前；不久前某一天(谓语动词用一般过去时)
bubble ['b bl] vi.起泡；沸腾
tube [tju b] n．管子；管状物
test tube试管
spill [spIl] vt.& vi.溢出；泼出；(使)洒出；散落
circus ['s k s] n．马戏团
come across偶然遇到；碰见
relevant ['rel v nt] adj.有意义的，有价值的；相关的；切题的　
be relevant to...与……有关(＝be related to...)
chemist ['kemIst] n．化学家；
药剂师；药房
chemistry n．化学
to be honest说实话
(＝honestly speaking)
make a difference to...对……产生影响；对……起作用
make one's visit to...
拜访……
fantastic views迷人的景色
shade [ eId] vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
[辨析] shade指阴凉处，强调避热作用；shadow强调光照下形成的影子。
jaw [d ] n．颌；下巴
wrinkled forehead布满皱纹的前额
wrinkle ['rI?kl] vt.& vi.
(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹
forehead ['f hed；'f rId] n．额；前额
hut [h t] n．简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)
stick out of...从……中伸出，
探出，突出
housing ['ha zI?] n．住房；住宅
adjust vi.& vt.适应；
(使)习惯
adjustment n．调整，调节
platform ['pl tf m] n．平台；
站台；舞台
fireplace ['faI pleIs] n．壁炉
possession n．[usually pl.]
所有物；财产；财物
possess vt.拥有
broom [bru m] n．扫把；扫帚
saucer ['s s (r)] n．茶碟；杯托
kettle ['ketl] n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶
pan [p n] n．平底锅；烤盘
jar [d ɑ (r)] n．罐子；坛子
build a fire(＝make a fire)生火
ripe [raIp] adj.成熟的；时机成熟的
greens n．绿叶蔬菜
upside down颠倒地
grill [ɡrIl] n．烤架；烤肉餐馆
doorway ['d weI] n.
门口；出入口；门道
dry out (使)干透；(使)完全变干
leftover ['left v (r)]
adj.吃剩的；残留的
n．吃剩的食物；遗留物
dry up使干涸；使干燥
handshake ['h nd e k]
n．握手
drag [dr ɡ] vt.拖；拽
vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动
drag oneself down/to/out of...费力地走下/走到/走出……
privilege ['prIv lId ] n.
优惠待遇；特权；荣幸
VOLUNTEERING IN THE BUSH
8 March
I just got a parcel① from home! It took about two weeks to arrive, and it was a bit damaged, but it was so nice to get some sweets and jam② from home; [1]I've been dying to have③ some of my favourite sweets, and it's always nice to get mail④！
[1]本句为and连接的并列句。第二个分句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语。
So I've been here in the jungle for about a month now. My secondary⑤school is a bush school. The classrooms are made of bamboo, with clay⑥ floors and roofs of grass. [2]It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty⑦ track covered in weeds⑧. When I reach the school grounds, I'm greeted by a chorus of⑨ “good morning” from the boys. Unlike students in our country, these boys do not wear cotton uniforms⑩， and many of them also have to walk a long way, sometimes for up to two hours, just to get to school.
[2]本句为“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”；covered in weeds为过去分词短语作后置定语。
There's no electricity, running water or even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets ， or other modern devices! All the students have are pencils, rubbers ， and paper. I'm still trying to adapt to these conditions. I've had to become much more imaginative in my teaching. Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments. [3]There is no equipment, and since there isn't even a washroom ， if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin ！ It's important not to be too rigid about rules here, too. [4]The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! [5]The class became a circus as the boys, who had never come across anything like this before, started jumping out of the windows. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students—few will ever become chemists —and most will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. To be honest ， I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.
[3]本句中since引导原因状语从句；if引导条件状语从句。
[4]本句为“be doing...when...”句型，意为“正在做……这时……”；before 引导时间状语从句；spilling everywhere为现在分词作状语。
[5]本句中as引导原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词boys。
17 April
Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village, home to one of our students, Tombe. Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain [6]from where we had fantastic views ， and then down a shaded path to the valley below. [7]When we arrived at the village, Tombe's mother, Kiak, saw us coming and started crying “ieee ieee”. We shook hands with all the villagers. Everyone seemed to be related to Tombe.
[6]此处为from where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a mountain。
[7]本句中“When we arrived at the village”为when引导的时间状语从句；“Tombe's mother... ‘ieee ieee’”为主句，其中“see sb. doing sth.”意为“看见某人正在做某事”。
Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead ， led us to his house, a low, round bamboo hut with no windows, with a door just big enough to get through, and [8]with grass sticking out of the roof—this shows it is a man's house. Such housing is dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust . Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut. The only possessions [9]I could see were one broom ， a few saucers ， a kettle ， cups, pans ， and a couple of jars .
[8] 此处为with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，在句中作定语，修饰hut。
[9]此处为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词possessions。
Mukap built a fire outside and laid stones on it to heat. He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato), ripe corn, and greens . He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. It smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut [10]sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family talking
have the privilege of doing sth./to do sth.有做某事的特权,softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation. Luckily, Tombe interpreted for us.
[10]此处为现在分词短语作方式状语。
Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. After a while, Tombe threw it out of the doorway. Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. [11]His family believes that leftovers attract bad spirits in the night, so any leftover food is dried up in a can and the can is then thrown out of the hut.
We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. [12]My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. [13]It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.
[11]本句中that引导宾语从句；and连接并列句。
[12]此处“My muscles were aching”和“my knees shaking”为and连接的两个句式相同的并列分句，第二个分句shaking前省略了系动词were。
[13]本句为“It is/was a privilege to do sth.”句型，意为“有幸做某事”；to have spent是动词不定式的完成式，表示该动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生或完成。
在丛林做志愿者
3月8日
我刚收到一个从家里寄来的包裹！大约花了两周的时间包裹才到达，虽然有点破损，但是真高兴能收到家里寄来的一些糖果和果酱；我一直非常渴望吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，而且收到邮包总是令人开心不已！
到现在我已经在丛林里待了大约一个月了。我所在的中学是一所丛林学校。教室是用竹子建造的，黏土铺的地面，茅草搭的屋顶。沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。当我走进校园时，男孩们齐声对我喊“早上好”。与我们国家的学生不同，这些男孩不穿棉质校服，他们中的很多人需要长途跋涉——有时长达两个小时——才能到学校。
这里没有电，没有自来水，甚至也没有教科书，更不用说笔记本电脑、平板电脑或其他现代化设备了！学生们只有铅笔、橡皮和纸。我还在努力适应这些条件。在我的教学中，我不得不变得更有想象力。科学课对我来说是最具挑战性的科目，因为我的学生们没有做实验这一概念。这里没有任何设备，甚至连洗手间都没有。如果我需要水的话，我得用盆子从我的房间里端过来！在这里，很重要的一点是也不能太墨守成规。几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，这时，在我反应过来之前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！班上乱成了一个马戏团，因为男孩们以前从没遇到过像这样的事情，他们开始跳窗跑走。有时，我会想化学对这些
学生来说到底有多大的意义——几乎没有人会成为化学家——而且大多数人反正都要在八年级后回到自己的村庄。说实话，我怀疑我是否能给这些男孩们的生活带来任何影响。
4月17日
上周末，我第一次拜访了一个偏远的村庄，我们的学生汤贝的家在那里。我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里。首先，我们爬上了一座山，从那里我们看到了迷人的景色，然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到了下面的山谷。我们到达村庄时，汤贝的母亲齐亚克看见我们到了，就“唉咿唉咿”地喊了起来。我们和所有的村民握手，每个人似乎都是汤贝的亲戚。
汤贝的父亲穆卡普是一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，他带领我们来到他的房子：一座低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，门的宽度仅够单人穿过，屋顶伸出一簇茅草——这表明这是一个男人的房子。这样的房屋里面很暗，所以过了一会儿我们的眼睛才适应过来。地上铺着新草，还有一个让我和珍妮睡觉的平台。屋子中央有个火炉。我能看到的物品只有一把扫帚、几个碟子、一个水壶、杯子、平底锅和几个罐子。
穆卡普在屋外生了火，然后把石头放在火上加热。接着，他把热石头放入一个有栲栲(甘薯)、熟玉米和青菜的空油桶里。然后他用香蕉叶盖住蔬菜，把它们蒸上。食物闻起来很香。我们在屋内围着火炉吃饭。我喜欢听这家人用他们的语言轻声地交谈，虽然我参与不了多少他们的谈话，但是幸好有汤贝为我们解说。
后来，我注意到炉火上方的烤架上倒放着一个罐子。过了一会儿，汤贝把它扔到了门外。他告诉我把罐子烤热是为了使剩饭完全变干。他的家人认为，剩饭会在晚上引来恶鬼，所以要把所有的剩饭放在罐子里烘干，然后把罐子扔到屋外去。
第二天早上，经过多次道别和有力的握手之后，我们离开了村庄。当我们费力地走下山回家时，我的肌肉酸痛，膝盖发抖。那天晚上我带着愉快的心情入睡了。与汤贝一家共度了一日，真是一种荣幸。
教材原文助读8
①lately ['leItli] adv.最近；不久前；近来(＝recently)
②far-off adj.遥远的
(仅用在名词前)
③mechanic [m 'k nIk] n．机械师；机械修理工；技工
④be worth it ……是值得的
be worth doing...值得做……
⑤in need of需要……
⑥consultant [k n's lt nt]
n．顾问，会诊医师
consult [k n's lt]
vt. & vi.咨询，请教；商量；查阅
⑦to be honest说实话
⑧except for...除了……
⑨input ['Inp t] n．情况；信息；投入；输入；个人所持观点、意见
vt.输入
⑩tune [tju n；NAmEtu n] n．曲调；曲子vt.调音；调节；调频道
sing a different tune
对某事转变论调或者改变看法
contract [k n'tr kt]
vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)
['k ntr kt] n．合同；契约
take(...)for granted
认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视
grant [ɡrɑ nt；NAmE
ɡr nt] vt.同意；准许 n．拨款
transport systems交通系统
cardiac ['kɑ di k]
adj.心脏病的；心脏的
prior to...在……之前；先于……
heart condition心脏病
surgery ['s d ri] n.
外科手术
go without得不到；没有
make a (big/great)
difference to
对……起重大作用，有重大影响(尤指好的作用或影响)
circuit ['s kIt] n．巡回；环形线路；电路
disability [ d s 'b l ti]
n．缺陷；障碍
disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的
consultation [ k nsl'teI n]
n．咨询；咨询会
relay to转达给……；
转发给……
relay ['ri leI；rI'leI] vt.转发；转播 n．接力赛；
接班的人
be supportive of支持
criterion [kraI'tI ri n]
criteria [kraI'tI ri ] n．[pl.] 标准；准则；原则
meet/satisfy criteria
达到标准
stability [st 'bIl ti] n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)
stable adj.稳定的；
安定的
a community with a shared future for mankind
人类命运共同体
now that既然；由于
land n．[熟词生义]
(涉及感情或想象)
国家；地区
pray that但愿
pray [preI] vi.& vt.
企盼；祈祷
Hello! My name is Zhan Bingbing.
Lately①， all of us have seen Chinese people on TV in far-off② places in the world, helping other countries to develop. We see Chinese workers building roads in the Congo, a port in Pakistan, railways in Panama, and an airport in Sri Lanka. And we see Chinese miners, oil workers, agricultural experts, mechanics③， and doctors working in nearly every corner of the world. And some people may ask, “Is it worth it④？ [1]Why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need of⑤development？”
I had the same questions myself. But for me, it was much more personal. You see, my mother is a medical doctor, and for the last two years, she [2]has been working as a volunteer consultant⑥ in Tanzania, Africa, as a part of a medical team sent by the Chinese government.
[1]本句中when引导时间状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词many areas。
[2]此处has been working为现在完成进行时， 表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作。
To be honest⑦， when my mother first left for Africa, I was upset. My mother cooked me dinner every night, and she took good care of me. But more importantly, she was my best friend. We talked together, we spent our leisure time together, and except for⑧ school and work, we were never apart. So I was unhappy about her leaving without even asking for my input⑨.
[3]But then I began to hear about the work she was doing in Tanzania, a country that has many health problems, and now I am singing a different tune⑩. Many dangerous diseases [4]which are rare in China are quite commonly contracted in Tanzania. And, [5]while the country is quite beautiful and has much natural wealth, many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted ， such as electricity, running water, cars and good transport systems ， and supermarkets. [6]One project that my mother worked on was helping to build a cardiac hospital. Prior to this, if a Tanzanian had a heart condition and needed surgery ， they would have to go abroad. Since this was quite expensive, many people went without medical treatment and some even died. [7]Now, not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well. It has made a big difference to their lives. My mother also does a circuit of the rural villages to provide medical treatment, help those with disabilities， and provide consultation and training for local doctors. In addition, her team has given patients a new malaria treatment invented in China, and this has saved many lives.
[3]此处“she was doing in Tanzania”为省略关系词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the work；“a country that has many health problems”作Tanzania的同位语；“that has many health problems”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a country。
[4]此处为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Many dangerous diseases。
[5]此处“while the country...natural wealth”为while引导的让步状语从句，while在此意为“虽然、尽管”；主句中的“we take for granted”为省略关系词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词things。
[6]本句中的主语为One project；that引导定语从句；helping to build a cardiac hospital作表语。
[7]本句中包含“not only...but...as well”结构；not only置于句首时，其所在的分句通常要用部分倒装。
[8]Today, I want to relay to you that I'm proud of the work my mother has done, and I am now supportive of it. Is her work worth it Yes, to the lives of the people she is helping, it is worth it. [9]But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well, because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability， and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind. Everyone deserves a fair chance in life. [10]When I think of all the things that we as Chinese citizens can be most proud of, helping others comes at the top of this list. [11]Now that I understand how important my mother's work is, I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands. In the future, I pray that you will do the same.
Thank you!
[8]本句中and连接两个并列分句；“that I'm proud...has done” 为that引导的宾语从句，“my mother has done”为省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the work。
[9]本句中because引导原因状语从句；两个that均引导宾语从句。
[10]本句中When引导时间状语从句，其中“that we as Chinese citizens can be most proud of”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词all the things；helping others为动名词短语作主语。
[11]此处为now that引导的原因状语从句，其中包含how引导的宾语从句。
大家好！我的名字叫詹冰冰。
最近，大家都在电视上看到了中国人在世界各个遥远的地方帮助其他国家发展。我们看到中国工人在刚果修建公路，在巴基斯坦修建港口，在巴拿马修建铁路，在斯里兰卡修建机场。我们看到中国的矿工、石油工人、农业专家、机械师和医生几乎在世界的每个角落忙碌着。有些人可能会问：“这值得吗？在中国许多地区仍然需要发展的时候，为什么要帮助外国人民呢？”
我自己也有同样的疑问。然而，对我来说，它更多与我个人有关。要知道，我妈妈是一名医生。在过去的两年里，她作为中国政府派遣的医疗队的一员，一直在非洲坦桑尼亚当一名志愿顾问。
说实话，当我妈妈第一次去非洲的时候，我很难过。我妈妈每天晚上都给我做饭，无微不至地照顾我。但更重要的是，她是我最好的朋友。我们一起聊天，一起度过闲暇时光，除了上学和上班，我们从未分开过。所以我对她甚至没征求过我的意见就(决定)离开这件事感到很不开心。
但是后来，我开始听说了她在坦桑尼亚，这个有很多健康问题的国家所做的工作，现在我转变了态度。许多在中国很罕见的危险疾病在坦桑尼亚仍有众多患者感染。此外，尽管这个国家风景秀丽、物产丰饶，许多人仍然十分贫穷；很多我们认为理所当然的东西，在他们的生活中都没有，比如电、自来水、汽车和便捷的交通系统，以及超市。我妈妈参与的一个项目是帮助他们建造一所心脏专科医院。在这之前，一个坦桑尼亚人如果患有心脏疾病，需要手术的话，他就不得不出国。但由于出国费用高昂，许多人会得不到治疗，一些人甚至会死亡。现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，而且周边国家的人们也得到了帮助。这极大地改善了他们的生活。我妈妈还到偏远的农村巡诊，提供医疗服务，帮助残疾人，并为当地医生提供咨询和培训。此外，她的团队还为患者提供了中国研发的新型疟疾疗法，从而挽救了许多生命。
今天，我想向你们传递的信息是，我为我妈妈所做的工作感到自豪，现在我对此表示支持。她的工作值得吗？是的，对得到她帮助的人的生命来说，这是值得的。然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这项工作对我们来说也是值得的，因为它表明我们是关心世界稳定的全球公民，我们会对他人负责，并准备好要建设人类命运共同体。每个人在生命中都应享有公平的机会。当我在思考作为中国公民最能引以为傲的所有事情时，帮助他人位居榜首。既然我明白了我妈妈的工作有多么重要，我决定自己也要成为一名志愿者，去帮助其他国家的人。但愿未来你们也会这样做。
谢谢！
　LAUNCHING Y

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