资源简介

Unit 1　Looking forwards
教材原文助读1
①of one's choice某人的选择或决定(常作后置定语)
②in the face of面对
③approach the future走近未来
④take action采取行动
⑤shape vt.[熟词生义] 影响……的发展；决定……的形成
⑥come one's way意外地落在某人头上；偶尔发生在某人身上
⑦in place就位；在适当的位置
⑧guarantee [ ɡ r n'ti ] n．& vt.保证；担保
⑨in this respect在这方面
⑩illustrate ['Il streIt] vt.说明；解释
illustration [ Il 'streI n] n．图解；例释；插图
apart adv.(指空间或时间)相隔，相距
share vt.& vi.[熟词生义]共同拥有(感情或想法、经历等)
ambitious [ m'bI s] adj.有野心的，有雄心的
ambition [ m'bI ( )n] n．追求，理想
approach to life生活方式，生活态度
approach n．方式，方法；态度(常与介词to连用)　
contrasting [k n'trɑ stI ] adj.极不相同的，差异大的
boyhood ['b Ih d] n．(男性的)童年时期，少年时代
single-minded adj.一心一意的，专心致志的
trainee [ treI'ni ] n．接受工作培训的人；实习生
trainer n. [C]教员；教练员
correspondent [ k rI'sp nd nt] n．通讯员，记者
extraordinary [Ik'str dnri] adj.不一般的，非凡的，卓越的
bullfighting ['b lfaItI ] n. 斗牛
bullfighter ['b lfaIt (r)] n. [C]斗牛士
amongst [ 'm st] prep.在……中(同among)
amongst others除了别的以外
epic ['epIk] adj.漫长而艰难的；宏大的，史诗般的
an epic journey/struggle漫长而艰难的旅程/艰苦卓绝的斗争
elderly adj.上了年纪的(婉辞，与old同义)　
the elderly老人，上了年纪的人
by contrast相比之下
historical [hI'st rIk( )l] adj.(有关)历史的；有关历史研究的；历史题材的
historical background历史背景
historical documents/research史学文献/研究
a historical novel一部历史小说
[辨析] historic [hI'st rIk] adj.历史上著名(或重要)的，可名垂青史的
historic sites历史遗址
be of special historic interest
具有特殊的历史意义
a historic occasion/decision/day/victory历史性的时刻/决定/日子/胜利
compare to/with...与……相比
fictional ['fIk nl] adj.虚构的，小说(中)的
fiction n．[U]小说
historical/romantic fiction历史/言情小说
detective [dI'tektIv] n．私家侦探
a detective story/novel侦探故事/小说
medical practice行医；医疗工作
practice在此意为“(医生的)工作，业务活动”
a dental/law practice牙科诊所/律师事务所
devote oneself to (doing) sth.＝be devoted to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事
long to do sth.渴望做某事
long vi.渴望
can't get enough of...对……如痴如狂
in desperation绝望地；不顾一切地
kill off除掉，使某事物停止，消灭
focus on集中于
under immense pressure在巨大的压力下
immense [I'mens] adj.极大的，巨大的
be forced to do sth.被迫做某事
bring...back from the dead使……起死回生
ultimately [' ltImItli] adv.最后，最终
ultimate [' ltIm t] adj.最后的，最终的
ultimate goal/target最终的目的/目标
a path to success成功之路
turn out 结果是；证明是
twists and turns迂回曲折
encounter [In'ka nt (r)] vt.& n.
遭遇；邂逅；经历
take a leaf out of/from the book of sb.＝take a leaf out of/from sb.'s book效仿，模仿(成功之人的举止和行为)；以……为榜样
the unexpected意料之外的事物
“the＋adj.”表示一类人或事物，如the old(老年人)、the right(正确的事)
dot [d t] n．点，小圆点
backwards ['b kw dz] adv.往回，往前面
Facing the Future
For many of us, it's something we already have experienced. One moment, we are lying comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep. The next, our eyes are open and we [1]find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future. Will we get into the school of our choice①？ What will we be doing in ten years' time [2]Can we become the person we really want to be In the face of②such questions, how should we approach the future③？ Can we take action④ to shape⑤ it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way⑥？
[1]此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表示主动和动作正在进行。
[2]本句是主从复合句。we really want to be是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词the person。
[3]As many of us already know, having plans in place⑦ for the future is no guarantee⑧ that they will become reality. [4]In this respect⑨， some people are more fortunate than others, as can be illustrated⑩ by comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years apart ．Although they shared the same ambitious and energetic approach to life ， their careers unfolded in contrasting ways.
[3]本句是主从复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句并在从句中作宾语。主句是主系表结构，动词-ing短语having plans...future作主语；that引导的同位语从句对guarantee进行解释说明。
[4] 本句是主从复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子；“born 40 years apart”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰authors。
The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write. [5]On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. He went on to become foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform his writing. In his words, “I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.” [6]Having set himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, the Spanish Civil War, bullfighting and deep-sea fishing, amongst others. His novel The Old Man and the Sea, about the three-day epic struggle between an elderly fisherman and the biggest fish [7]he had ever caught, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
[5]“on/upon doing...”意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
[6]本句的主干为“he wrote novels and short stories”；“Having set himself this goal”为现在分词的完成式作状语；“based on...fishing”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰novels and short stories。
[7]此处为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词fish。先行词前有形容词最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。
By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor. But Doyle's main ambition was [8]to become a writer of historical novels. [9]Although some of his historical novels were published, their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day.
[8]此处为动词不定式短语作表语。
[9]本句是主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句；“compared to the stories of his fictional detective”为过去分词短语作状语；“which he...this day”为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the stories。
Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories [10]while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice in London. After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing. He still longed to become known for his historical novels amongst other academic works. The public, however, couldn't get enough of Sherlock Holmes. [11]In desperation, Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. [12]However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. Doyle's many historical novels, plays, poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten, but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century.
[10]此处为while引导的时间状语从句，while意为“在……期间，当……的时候”。
[11]本句是主从复合句。so that引导目的状语从句。主句中过去分词短语published in 1893作后置定语，修饰a novel。
[12]本句中“so...that...”引导结果状语从句。
[13]Though both of these men were ultimately successful, their paths to success were very different, their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned.[14]So, whatever twists and turns you might encounter, take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected. As renowned tech innovator Steve Jobs once said, “You can't connect the dots [15]looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.”
[13]本句的主干为“their paths to success were very different”；句中Though引导让步状语从句；“their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned”为独立主格结构作状语，其中“as they planned”为as引导的方式状语从句。
[14]本句是主从复合句。whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。
[15]此处为现在分词短语作状语。
面对未来
我们许多人都有过这样的经历。前一刻，我们正惬意地躺在床上，即将进入深度睡眠。但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的问题——未来。我们能进入心仪的学校吗？十年之后我们会在做什么？我们能够成为自己真正想成为的人吗？面对这些疑问，我们应该如何走近未来呢？我们能采取行动去影响未来吗？还是应该全然接受现实给予我们的一切？
正如我们许多人都已经知道的那样，为未来制定计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。在这方面，有些人比其他人更幸运，通过比较两位年龄相差40岁的著名作家的生活就能证明这一点。虽然他们面对生活时都有远大的志向，而且精力充沛，但他们的职业生涯的发展却截然不同。
美国作家欧内斯特·海明威出生于1899年，他从少年时代起就一心一意致力于写作。高中一毕业，他就进入堪萨斯州当地的一家报社做实习记者。此后，他又成了《多伦多星报》的一名驻外记者，根据在欧洲和后来在古巴的独特经历进行创作。他曾说：“我决定把我知道的每一件事都写成一个故事。”在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等事件中的亲身经历，创作了很多小说和短篇故事。他的小说《老人与海》讲述了一位老渔民与一条他捕过的最大的鱼进行了三天艰苦卓绝的搏斗的故事。这部小说于1953年获得普利策小说奖。海明威后来还荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。
相比而言，1859年出生于苏格兰的阿瑟·柯南·道尔年轻时是一名医生，但他最大的志向是成为一名历史小说作家。虽然他出版了一些历史小说，但其成就与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比微不足道。直到现在，他最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。
有趣的是，一些早期的福尔摩斯故事是道尔在伦敦行医期间，在等候病人的时候创作的。在夏洛克·福尔摩斯让他变得家喻户晓后，道尔放弃了医学，全身心地投入创作。他还是渴望自己能因历史小说和其他学术作品而出名。然而，公众却对夏洛克·福尔摩斯(的故事)如痴如狂。绝望之下，道尔在一部于1893年出版的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，以便能专注于他的“严肃”作品。然而，福尔摩斯迷们非常愤怒，这使道尔在巨大的压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。道尔的很多历史小说、戏剧、诗歌和学术论文多半都被人遗忘了，但夏洛克·福尔摩斯却在一个多世纪以来一直吸引着读者。
虽然这两个人最终都获得了成功，但他们的成功之路截然不同，他们的未来也不一定完全如他们所计划的那样发展。因此，不管未来你可能会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折，都应以这两位作者为榜样，做好应对意外的准备。正如著名的科技创新者史蒂夫·乔布斯所说：“你无法预见性地将(生命中的)点滴串联起来，只有在回头看时，你才能将这些点滴联系起来。所以你要坚信，你现在所经历的点滴，将在你的未来中以某种方式串联起来。”
教材原文助读2
①diverge [daI'v d ] v．(两条路)岔开，分开
②undergrowth [' nd ɡr θ] n.
(长在大树下或周边的)下木层，下层灌木丛
③fair adj.[熟词生义] 美丽的
④grassy ['ɡrɑ si] adj.长满草的，被草覆盖的
⑤wear [熟词生义] n．[U] 磨损
⑥as for至于，关于
⑦tread [tred] vt.& vi.踩，踏；行走；步行
⑧lead on to促使；促成
⑨sigh [saI] n．& vi.叹息，叹气
⑩ages and ages hence很久以后
hence [hens] adv.因此，由此
...days/weeks, etc. hence(从现在开始)……天/星期等之后
make all the difference迥然不同
line n. [熟词生义] 诗行；歌词
quote [kw t] vt.& vi.
引用，引述 n．[C] 引语
quotation n．[C] 引语
be set to music被谱曲/配乐
set vt. [熟词生义] 为……谱曲；给……配乐　
numerous ['nju m( )r s]
adj.许多的，很多的
commercial [k 'm ( )l] n.
(电视或电台的)商业广告
adj.商业的，贸易的
of all time有史以来；一直
thoughtful ['θ tf( )l] adj.
认真思考的，深思的
insight ['InsaIt] n．[C，U] 洞悉，了解；[U] 洞察力，领悟
insight into对……的深刻理解；洞察
human nature人性
cannot help but do sth.＝can't help doing sth.禁不住(或无法抑制)做某事，不可能避免做某事
symbolize ['sImb laIz] v.象征，代表
symbolism n．象征主义
progress['pr ɡres]vt.进展；进步
alternative [ l't n tIv] n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供选择的
have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事
on a daily basis每天
range from...to...范围从……到……变动
dilemma [dI'lem ] n．进退两难的境地，困境
face a dilemma面临进退两难的困境
be in a dilemma处于进退两难的境地
arise [ 'raIz] v．(由……)引起
arise from产生于；起因于
The Road Not Taken
Two roads diverged① in a yellow wood，
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To [1]where it bent in the undergrowth②；
Then took the other, as just as fair③，
And having perhaps the better claim，
Because it was grassy④ and wanted wear⑤；
Though as for⑥ that, the passing there
Had worn them really about the same，
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden⑦ black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to⑧ way，
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh⑨
Somewhere ages and ages hence⑩：
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one [2]less traveled by，
And that has made all the difference ．
[1]此处为where引导的宾语从句。
[2]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于which was less traveled by。
Lines from the poem The Road Not Taken are often quoted in speeches of all kinds. The poem has been set to music by a number of artists and used in numerous television commercials . It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time ， not only because of its natural style, but also because of its thoughtful insights into human nature ．
[3]When reading The Road Not Taken, one cannot help but see in one's mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. Paths in the woods are often used to symbolize how our lives progress and change. The lines “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood，/And sorry I could not travel both” give us a visual representation of the choices that we face and the decisions that we need to make. Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis. These range from the basic “What should I wear today？” to the key issues of [4]what subject to study at university or what job to do after graduation. [5]Of course, the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems ，when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
[3]此处为时间状语从句的省略。“连词＋现在分词短语”作状语，相当于时间状语从句。
[4]此处为or连接的两个并列的“what＋动词不定式”结构作宾语。
[5]本句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，其中包含which引导的宾语从句。
[6]Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences. Once we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back. [7]Although the writer of the poem considers taking the other path another day, he knows it's unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity to do so. Like the writer, [8]all we can do is look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine what could have been．
未选择的路
黄色的树林里分出两条路，
可惜我不能同时去涉足，
我在那路口久久伫立，
我向着一条路极目望去，
直到它消失在丛林深处；
但我选了另外一条路，
它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，
显得更诱人，更美丽；
虽然在这条小路上，
很少留下旅人的足迹。
那天清晨落叶满地，
两条路都未经脚印污染。
啊，留下一条路等改日再见！
但我知道路径延绵无尽头，
恐怕我难以再回返。
也许多少年后在某个地方，
我将轻声叹息将往事回首：
一片树林里分出两条路——
而我选择了人迹罕至的一条，
从此决定了我一生的道路。
《未选择的路》这首诗中的诗句常常在各种演讲中被引用。许多艺术家为这首诗谱了曲，它还被运用于大量的电视广告之中。事实上，它已经成为美国历史上最著名的诗歌之一，这不仅是因为其自然的风格，还因为其对人性的深刻洞悉。
阅读《未选择的路》时，人们脑海中总会不禁浮现出乡村深处一片静谧的树林。林间小路往往被用来象征我们人生中的进步和变化。“黄色的树林里分出两条路，可惜我不能同时去涉足”这两句诗生动地展现了我们面临的选择以及需要做出的决定。生活每天都会向我们抛出很多选择。从“我今天应该穿什么”这样的小问题，到大学应该学什么专业或者毕业后应该做什么工作这样重大的问题。当然，当我们不确定哪个选择才是正确的时候，最大的困境往往源于道德问题。
moral problems道德问题
have...in common有相同的特征(或特点等)
have much/a lot/a great deal in common (with...)　(与……)有很多共同之处
have nothing/little in common (with...)　(与……)没有/几乎没有共同之处
consequence ['k nsIkw ns] n. 结果，后果
as a consequence＝as a result因此，结果
in consequence of＝as a result of由于
in most circumstances在大多数情况下　
circumstance ['s k mst ns]
n．情况，情形
understandable [ nd 'st nd bl]
adj.可以理解的
turn down拒绝
mixture ['mIkst ] n．混合；混合体
a mixture of choice and chance选择和机会的交织
look back on回首(往事)；回忆；回顾
nonetheless [ n n 'les] adv.尽管如此；然而
make the most of＝make full use of充分利用
with regret遗憾地
optimism [' ptImIz m] n.
乐观；乐观主义
optimistic adj.乐观的，乐观主义的
【文化采风】
《未选择的路》是美国著名诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特创作的文学作品。罗伯特·弗罗斯特堪称美国20世纪90年代最受欢迎的诗人之一，是美国非官方的桂冠诗人。他一生致力于诗歌的创作，主要写作并出版了10部诗集，这一首诗是其第三部诗集《山的间隔》中的名篇。,[6]句中Whether big or small作状语，相当于Whether our choices are big or small；what引导主语从句，并在从句中作have的宾语；that引导表语从句。
[7]本句是主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句；主句中包含“it's unlikely that...”句型，意为“不太可能……”，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。
[8]此处是主系表结构，表语是由and连接的两个省略to的动词不定式短语；主语all后跟的定语从句中含有动词do，因此表语中的动词不定式符号to可省略；what引导宾语从句，作imagine的宾语。
This sigh, this wondering [9]whether we made the right choice, is understandable. [10]Although we may be free to choose which path to take, this choice isn't easy when those two paths look similar. [11]Presented with two job offers, for instance, we may wonder exactly what it is we're choosing between. What if, in choosing one, we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities Will we ever even find out whether we made the right choice
[9]此处为whether引导的宾语从句。
[10]本句是主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
[11]句中过去分词短语Presented with two job offers作状语；what引导宾语从句。
Ultimately, the road ahead—the road through our lives—is a mixture of choice and chance. And when we are approaching the end of that road, how will we remember the journey How will we look back on our lives In the poem, the writer doubts his choice, [12]thinking that in the future “ages and ages hence”， he may claim that he took the “less traveled” road. [13]Some of us do take a more unusual path through life, and while it may be a harder one to follow, it can also lead to new adventures and experiences. Nonetheless, part of the art of decision-making is learning to make the most of our decisions. Instead of looking back with regret, we should be facing our future with energy and optimism, for the choices are ours, and ours only.
[12]此处为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中第一个that引导宾语从句，作thinking的宾语，第二个that引导宾语从句，作claim的宾语。
[13]本句是and连接的并列复合句，第二个分句中包含while引导的让步状语从句。
　　无论我们的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会带来某种结果。一旦我们做出决定，在大多数情况下，就不会再回头了。虽然这首诗的作者考虑改天再探索另一条路，但是他也知道获得这种机会的可能性微乎其微。就像作者一样，我们能做的就是在回首往事时“轻声叹息”，想象可能会发生什么。
　　一声叹息，我们对是否做出了正确选择的顾虑，是可以理解的。虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪条路，但是当两条路看起来大同小异时，做出选择其实不容易。比如当我们同时面对两个工作机会时，我们可能会思索我们到底是在什么当中选择。 如果我们选择了一份工作，而在不知不觉中放弃了其他未来的机会，那该怎么办？我们又能否发现自己是否做出了正确的选择呢？
　　最后，前方的路——我们的人生之路——其实是由选择和机会交织而成的。当我们即将走到这条路的尽头时，我们会如何铭记这段旅程呢？我们会如何回顾自己的一生呢？在这首诗中，作者质疑了自己的选择，认为在“多年之后”的未来，他可能会承认自己选择了另一条“人迹罕至”的路。我们中的一些人确实会在生活中选择一条更不同寻常的路，虽然路途更加艰难，但它也会带来新的奇遇和经历。尽管如此，决策的艺术的一部分就在于学会充分利用我们的决定。我们应该充满活力而乐观地面对未来，而非带着遗憾回顾过去，因为选择在于我们自己，而且它们只属于我们自己。
Unit 2　Lessons in life
教材原文助读3
①despite [dI'spaIt] prep.尽管，即使
despite＝in spite of
②journalist n．[C]新闻工作者
journal n．[C](某学科或专业的)报纸，刊物
journalism n．[U]新闻业，新闻工作　
③be reunited with (使)重聚
reunite vt.& vi.(使)重
逢，再次相聚；(使)再结合
④weaken ['wi k n] v．(使)虚弱
[构词法]后缀-en可用于构成动词，表示“使；使成为/变得”。如：shorten(使)变短、deepen(使)加深、widen(使)拓宽。
⑤pessimistic[ pesI'mIstIk]adj.悲观的，悲观主义的
[反义词]optimistic adj.
乐观的，乐观主义的
⑥bravery ['breIv ri] n．[U]
勇敢
⑦inspirational [ Insp 'reI nl]
adj.启发灵感的；鼓舞人心的
inspiration n．[C，usually sing.]启发灵感的人(或事物)；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)；[U]灵感
inspire vt.鼓舞，激励
⑧value vt.重视，珍视
value作名词时，意为“价值观、是非标准”，多用复数形式values。
⑨far from根本不，远非
⑩anticipate [ n'tIsIpeIt]
v．预期，预料
make the most of充分利用(相当于make full use of、take full advantage of)
insight n. [C，U]洞悉，了解(常与介词into连用)
point of view 考虑角度；观点，看法
from...point of view＝in a(n)...light从……角度来看
distract vt.转移(注意力)；分散(思维)；使分心
possession [p 'ze ( )n] n．财产，财物
material possessions
物质财富，物质财产
abnormal [ b'n m( )l] adj.不正常的，反常的
establish our own values树立我们自己的价值观
establish [I'st blI ] vt.建立，创立，设立　
half-asleep adj.半睡半醒的
open one's eyes to sth.
使某人长见识(或开眼界、认清事实)
widespread ['waIdspred]
adj.广泛流传的
recognition [ rek ɡ'nI ( )n]n.承认，认可
a collection of...一批……
over-emotional adj.过度情绪化的
open communication
开放式沟通
get through完成(工作)；熬过；度过
lose touch with与……失去联系
keep in touch with
与……保持联系
Tuesdays with Morrie
Despite① being a sports journalist② with a successful career ahead of him, Mitch Albom feels that there is something missing from his life. This all changes when he is reunited with③ his favourite college professor, Morrie Schwartz. [1]On discovering that Morrie is being weakened④ by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays. The weekly conversations between Mitch and Morrie result in a series of lessons on the meaning of life and how best to live it.
[1]此处为“On/Upon doing sth.”结构，意为“一……就……”；其中“that Morrie...illness”为that引导的宾语从句，从句中的谓语为现在进行时的被动语态。
Arthur K ☆☆☆☆☆
This book is about dying, but it is not pessimistic⑤. Indeed, [2]it was a pleasant surprise to find that this book is filled with joy and hope. Morrie's bravery⑥ towards the end of his life is inspirational⑦ and has made me value⑧ my own life more. In fact, far from⑨ being a book about death, it's a book about life. As Morrie says, “Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live.” [3]As Morrie anticipates⑩ his own death, he observes everything as though through new eyes—the things around him seem more beautiful than ever before and hold new meanings. From his window, he watches each season change, knowing it could be his last. This encourages us to appreciate what we have, and to make the most of each day.
[2]此处为“it＋be＋n./adj.(＋for sb.)＋to do sth.”句型，句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语“to find...and hope”。
[3]本句中“As Morrie...death”为as引导的时间状语从句；“as though through new eyes”是方式状语从句“as though he is through new eyes”的省略。
Amy Wang ☆☆☆☆☆
I think this book should be on all school reading lists. After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view . On the 11th Tuesday, Morrie explains that “...the big things—how we think, what we value—those you must choose yourself. You can't let anyone—or any society—determine those for you”. While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions . [4]I think it's important for young people to know that making a lot of money won't always make them happy, or that looking different doesn't make a person abnormal ！ It's up to us to find out what is important in our lives and establish our own values ．
[4]本句中“it's important...abnormal”为省略that的宾语从句，作think的宾语；其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为“to know that...abnormal”；句中两个that均引导宾语从句，从句中“making a lot of money”和“looking different”均为v.-ing短语作主语。
Morrie says that most people “seem half-asleep ”， even when they're doing things they think are important. [5]Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!
[5]本句中“Reading this book”为v.-ing短语作主语，句中“made me feel”为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；as if引导表语从句。
Marty ☆☆☆☆☆
[6]Despite its widespread recognition, my first impression was that Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages, many of which are repeated. But thinking back, it did teach me a lesson or two. The book made me stop and think about how much I am influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating my own values based on love and open communication. Although it isn't my favourite book, I'd still recommend that people read it—after all, it is something that's a bit different!
[6]本句中“Despite its widespread recognition”为让步状语；句中“that Tuesdays with Morrie...are repeated”为that引导的表语从句，该从句中“many of which are repeated”为非限制性定语从句，修饰thoughts and messages。
Vivian ☆☆☆☆☆
Warning! A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book! Morrie's reflections on love and friendship made me think about my life and all the good friends that I've lost touch with along the way. It made me realise just how much I miss them.
I guess that's one of the lessons of the book—always keep in touch with the good people you meet as you go through life. Like Mitch, [7]Morrie makes you aware that you want to die feeling that you have lived life to the full, knowing that you are loved and have loved others as much as you could. As Morrie's favourite poet Auden said, “Love each other or perish.”
[7] 本句中“that you want to...you could”为that引导的宾语从句，其中“feeling that...full”和“knowing that...you could”均为v.-ing短语作伴随状语。
《相约星期二》
尽管米奇·阿尔博姆是一位前途光明的体育新闻记者，可他总觉得生活里少了些什么。直到和他最喜爱的大学教授莫里·施瓦茨重逢，他的想法才彻底改变。自从得知莫里得了重病，日渐虚弱，米奇便开始每周二都去他家看望他。米奇和莫里每周的谈话最终成为一系列关于人生的意义和如何最好地生活的课程。
阿瑟·K ☆☆☆☆☆
虽然这本书谈论的是死亡，但它并不悲观。其实，你会惊喜地发现这本书里充满了欢乐和希望。莫里面对他生命的终结所展示出的勇气非常鼓舞人心，也让我更加珍惜自己的生命。实际上，这根本不是一本关于死亡的书，而是一本关于生活的书。正如莫里所说：“一旦你懂得了怎样死亡，也就学会了怎样生活。”到了弥留之际，莫里好像在用新的眼光看待每件事物——他身边的一切都显得比以往更加美好，也有了新的意义。他透过窗户看季节的更替，知道这可能是他最后一次观看。这鼓励我们珍惜自己所拥有的一切，并充分利用每一天。
埃米·王 ☆☆☆☆☆
我认为这本书应该列入所有学校的阅读书目。读完后，我觉得自己对世界有了更深刻的认识，并且可以从不同的角度看待事物。在第11个星期二，莫里说道：“……重要的问题——我们如何思考，我们珍视什么——你必须自己做选择。你不能让任何人或社会替你做决定。”在我们活着的时候，我们往往会被不重要的事情分散注意力，例如积累物质财富。我认为对于年轻人来说，重要的是明白赚很多钱并不总能带来快乐，看上去与众不同也并不代表不正常！我们应该靠自己去弄清楚生命中什么是重要的，并树立我们自己的价值观。
莫里说大多数人即使在做自认为重要的事情时，也是“看上去半睡半醒的”。阅读这本书使我感觉自己仿佛从长眠中清醒了过来，终于睁开了眼看世界！
马蒂 ☆☆☆☆☆
尽管《相约星期二》这本书得到了广泛的认可，但是我对它的第一印象是，它只是一本由一堆过于情绪化的思想和信息组成的书，其中有很多内容是重复的。不过回想起来，它确实给了我一两条经验。这本书让我停下来思考流行文化对我有多少影响以及在爱与开放式沟通的基础上树立自己的价值观有多么重要。虽然这不是我最喜爱的一本书，但我还是要推荐给大家读一读——毕竟，它是有些与众不同的！
薇薇安 ☆☆☆☆☆
注意了！要读完这本书，你需要准备一盒纸巾！莫里对爱和友谊的思考使我想起了自己的人生，想起了这一路失去联系的那些好友，使我意识到自己有多么想念他们。
在人生旅途中，要和你遇到的优秀的人时常保持联系——我猜这或许就是此书想传达给我们的经验之一吧。就像米奇一样，莫里也提醒了人们：在你即将死亡之时，要感觉你已经活得很充实，要知道自己是被爱的，也一直尽力爱着别人。正如莫里最喜爱的诗人奥登所说，“不相爱即如死灭。”
教材原文助读4
①a troop of一群，一队
＝a group of/a number of/a pack of/a flock of
②“rush into＋地点”意为“冲进某地”
rush vt.& vi.迅速移动，急促 n．匆忙，仓促；冲
③merrily adv.愉快地，
高兴地
merry adj.愉快的，
高兴的
④chief n．[C]首领，(公司或机构的)最高领导人
⑤go up to sb.走向某人
⑥outstretched [ a t'stret t]
adj.张开的，伸开的　
⑦embarrassed [Im'b r st]
adj.(尤指在社交场合)
窘迫的，尴尬的
⑧burst out laughing
(＝burst into laughter)
突然大笑起来
burst out (doing sth.)
突然开始(做某事)
⑨be crammed with...
挤满了……，塞满了……
cram [kr m] v．挤满
cram...into/onto...
把……挤进……里/上
⑩pure [pj ] adj.纯净的，洁净的　
pure water纯净水
by pure chance纯属偶然
transparent
[tr n'sp r nt] adj.
透明的
fresh adj.新的，不同的
fresh evidence新证据
burst [熟词生义] n．[C]
突发，迸发
absurd [ b's d] adj.
荒唐的，愚蠢的
the majority of...大多数……
majority n．大多数，
大部分
say goodbye to...
向……道别
say hello to...
向……打招呼
until now到目前为止，常与现在完成时连用，相当于so far/thus far/up to now/up to this point。
reluctant [rI'l kt nt]
adj.不情愿的，勉强的
be reluctant/unwilling to do sth.不情愿做某事
awakening [ 'weIk nI ]
n．[C，usually sing.]醒悟，觉醒
lean on sth.倚靠某物
lean [li n] v．倚，靠
all the time (在某段时间内)一直，始终
there此处意为“你瞧、好啦”，可用于表示因说中某事而感到满意或烦恼。
straight away立即，马上；相当于at once/immediately/without delay/right now。
miracle ['mIr kl] n.
[sing.] 奇迹，不平凡的事
It's a miracle (that)...……真是个奇迹。
come along赶快；跟随，跟着来
awkwardly [' kw dli]
adv.笨拙地，局促不安地
awkward adj.(动作)
笨拙的；令人尴尬的
resist vt.& vi.抵制，阻挡
resist doing sth.反对做某事
instinctively [In'stI ktIvli] adv.本能地
instinctive adj.本能的，直觉的　
hesitation n．[C]迟疑，不情愿　
without hesitation毫不犹豫地
despair [dI'spe ] n．绝望
in despair绝望地
address vt.[熟词生义] 向……说话
later on以后；后来；随后
THE BLUE BIRD
ACT Ⅳ
Tyltyl and Mytyl have been searching for the Blue Bird in the Land of Memory, the Palace of Night and the Forest. Now, they have arrived at the Palace of Happiness.
SCENE Ⅱ.—The Palace of Happiness.
(A troop of① HAPPINESSES rush into② the hall, singing, “There they are! They see us！” They dance merrily③ around the CHILDREN, then [1]the one who appears to be the chief④ goes up to⑤ TYLTYL with hand outstretched⑥．)
[1]此处为who引导的定语从句，修饰the one；其中with hand outstretched是“with复合结构”表伴随。
THE HAPPINESS　How do you do, Tyltyl
TYLTYL　Who are you
THE HAPPINESS　Don't you recognise me
TYLTYL　(a little embarrassed⑦) [2]Why, no...I don't remember seeing any of you.
[2]此处Why并非意为“为什么”，而是表示惊讶或者突然意识到某事，意为“哎呀、嘿”。
(All the other HAPPINESSES burst out laughing⑧．) Why, we are the only things you do know! We are always around you! We eat, drink, wake up, breathe and live with you!
TYLTYL　Oh...But I should like to know what your names are...
THE HAPPINESS　I am the chief of the Happinesses of your home; and all these are the other Happinesses that live there.
TYLTYL　Then there are Happinesses in my home
(All the HAPPINESSES burst out laughing.)
THE HAPPINESS　[3]You heard him! Are there Happinesses in his home! Why, it is crammed with⑨ Happinesses! Let me introduce myself first: the Happiness of Being Well. I am not the prettiest, but I am the most important. This is the Happiness of Pure⑩ Air, who is almost transparent . Here is the Happiness of Loving One's Parents. Here are the Happiness of the Blue Sky, who, of course, is dressed in blue, and the Happiness of the Forest: you will see him [4]every time you go to the window．..
[3]此处连用三个感叹句来表达一种强烈的情感，寓意深刻。
[4]此处为every time引导的时间状语从句。
TYLTYL　Excuse me, but do you know where the Blue Bird is
THE HAPPINESS　He doesn't know where the Blue Bird is！(All the HAPPINESSES OF THE HOME burst out laughing.)
TYLTYL　(vexed) No, I do not know. There's nothing to laugh at.(Fresh bursts of laughter.)
THE HAPPINESS　He doesn't know: well, what do you expect [5]He is no more absurd than the majority of men...
[5]此处含有“no＋比较级＋than”结构，含有消极、否定的意思，意为“和……一样不……”。
ACT Ⅵ
Unable to find the Blue Bird anywhere, the children say goodbye to their magical friends and return home. While they are trying to tell their parents about their adventures, their neighbour comes in. Her sick daughter has wanted Tyltyl's pet bird for a long time, but until now he has been reluctant to give it to her.
SCENE Ⅱ.—The Awakening ．
(Enter NEIGHBOUR BERLINGOT, a little old woman leaning on a stick.)
MUMMY TYL　How is your little girl
THE NEIGHBOUR　Only so-so. She can't get up. But I know what would cure her.
MUMMY TYL　Yes, I know; it's Tyltyl's bird. Well, Tyltyl, aren't you going to give it at last to that poor little thing
TYLTYL　 My bird! Why, he's blue! But it's my turtle-dove! But he's much bluer [6]than when I went away！Why, that's the Blue Bird we were looking for! We went so far and he was here all the time! There, Madame Berlingot, take him to your little girl.
[6]此处为than引导的比较状语从句的省略，补充完整为than he was when I went away。
THE NEIGHBOUR　 Really Straight away and for nothing How happy she will be！(Kissing TYLTYL.)
...
(Later, the NEIGHBOUR enters with a little girl who carries TYLTYL'S dove in her arms.)
THE NEIGHBOUR　 Do you see the miracle She can run, she can dance, she can fly！(Pushing the LITTLE GIRL into TYLTYL'S arms.) Come along and thank Tyltyl.
(After TYLTYL kisses the LITTLE GIRL rather awkwardly, the two children look at each other without speaking; then TYLTYL strokes the dove's head.)
TYLTYL　Is he blue enough
THE LITTLE GIRL　Yes，I am so pleased with him.
TYLTYL　I have seen bluer ones. But those which are quite blue, you know, do what you will, you can't catch them.
THE LITTLE GIRL　That doesn't matter; he's lovely.
TYLTYL　Has he had anything to eat I will show you...
(He moves to take the bird from the LITTLE GIRL'S hands. She resists instinctively; and，in their hesitation, the DOVE escapes and flies away.)
THE LITTLE GIRL　(with a cry of despair) He is gone!
TYLTYL　Never mind. Don't cry. I will catch him again.(Stepping to the front of the stage and addressing the audience.) [7]If any of you should find him, would you be so very kind as to give him back to us We need him for our happiness, later on．
[7]本句中should是正式和礼貌的用法，尤用于英式英语中，意为“可能”，用于表示某事可能会发生或属实。“so...as to do...”结构，意为“如此……以至于做……”。
CURTAIN
(Adaptation from The Blue Bird by Maurice Maeterlinck)
《青鸟》
第四幕
狄蒂尔和梅蒂尔一直在寻找青鸟，他们一行已经踏过了回忆之地、夜的宫殿和森林。现在，他们已经抵达了幸福之园。
第二场——幸福之园
(一群幸福跑进大厅，一边唱着“他们来了！他们看见我们了！”一边围着孩子们欢快地跳起舞来。而后，一个首领模样的幸福走向狄蒂尔，向他伸出了手。)
幸福：你好吗，狄蒂尔？
狄蒂尔：你是谁？
幸福：你认不出我了吗？
狄蒂尔：(有点尴尬)哎呀，是认不出了……我不记得见过你们中的任何一位啊。
(其他所有的幸福都哄然大笑。)嘿，我们正是你唯一了解的东西啊！我们一直在你周围！我们同你一起吃喝，一起醒来，一起呼吸，并且一起生活呢！
狄蒂尔：噢……不过我想知道你们的名字叫什么……
幸福：我是你家里幸福的领头人；这些是住在你家的其他幸福。
狄蒂尔：那么，我家里有很多幸福吗？
(所有的幸福都哄然大笑。)
幸福：你们听他在说些什么！他家里是不是有很多幸福！嘿，幸福多得都要挤不下了！先介绍一下我自己：我是健康幸福。我虽不是最漂亮的，但却是最重要的。这个是纯净空气幸福，他几乎是透明的；这个是敬爱父母幸福；这个是蓝天幸福，他当然是身穿蓝衣；这个是森林幸福，每次你走到窗前都会看见他……
狄蒂尔：不好意思，请问你知道青鸟在哪儿吗？
幸福：他不知道青鸟在哪儿！
(家里所有的幸福都哄然大笑。)
狄蒂尔：(恼火了)是，我就是不知道，有什么好笑的。(又爆出一阵新笑声。)
幸福：他不知道，好吧，还能怎么样呢？他和大多数人一样都不可笑……
第六幕
孩子们哪里都找不到青鸟，只得同他们神奇的朋友们告别，返回家中。他们正要和父母讲述自己的奇遇时，邻居就来了。邻居生病的女儿想要狄蒂尔的宠物鸟好久了，但直到现在他也不愿意把宠物鸟给她。
第二场——醒来
(邻居贝兰戈上场，她是一位拄着一根拐杖的矮小的老妇人。)
狄蒂尔妈妈：你家小姑娘身体怎么样了？
邻居：马马虎虎，她还起不了床。可我知道什么能治好她。
狄蒂尔妈妈：对，我也知道，得用狄蒂尔的鸟。喂，狄蒂尔，这下你总该把鸟送给那个可怜的姑娘了吧？
狄蒂尔：我的鸟！咦，它变成了青色！可它是我的小斑鸠啊！但颜色怎么变得比我离开的时候更深了！天啊，它就是我们一直在找的青鸟！我们走了那么远，原来它一直就在这里！好啦，贝兰戈太太，快把它带给你的小姑娘吧。
邻居：真的？马上？什么条件也没有？她该多开心啊！(亲吻狄蒂尔。)
……
(后来，邻居牵着一个小姑娘上场，小姑娘怀抱着狄蒂尔的斑鸠。)
邻居：你们看到这个奇迹了吗？她现在能跑能跳，甚至能飞奔呢！(把小姑娘推到狄蒂尔怀里。)快来谢谢狄蒂尔。
(狄蒂尔笨拙地亲吻了小姑娘以后，两人对视着，什么也没说。随后，狄蒂尔轻抚着斑鸠的头。)
狄蒂尔：它的青色够深吗？
小姑娘：是的，我对它很满意。
狄蒂尔：我还见过更青的鸟，但是你知道的，那些纯青的鸟，你怎么捉也捉不住。
小姑娘：没关系的，这只就很美了。
狄蒂尔：它吃过东西了吗？我给你看看它是怎么吃东西的……
(他想从小姑娘手里接过青鸟，小姑娘本能地拒绝；然后，在他们犹豫时，斑鸠逃掉并飞走了。)
小姑娘：(绝望地大喊)它飞走了！
狄蒂尔：没关系的，不要哭。我会把它抓回来的。(走到舞台前，面向观众致辞。)你们若是有谁找到了它，能好心把它归还给我们吗？为了以后的幸福，我们需要它。
落幕
(改编自莫里斯·梅特林克的《青鸟》)
Unit 3　The world meets China
教材原文助读5
①gateway ['ɡeItweI] n.
通向……的门户
②oasis [ 'eIsIs] n．[C](沙漠中的)绿洲
③glorious ['ɡl ri s] adj.
辉煌的；光荣的；极为宜人的
glorious history辉煌的历史
④represent [ reprI'zent] vt.
展示；表现
⑤significance [sIɡ'nIfIk ns] n．[U，C](尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义；意思
significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的
attach significance to...
认为……意义重大；重视
⑥cultural and commercial exchange文化与商业交流
exchange [Iks't eInd ] n.
[C](不同国家人或团体之间的)交流，互动
⑦tourist destination旅游胜地
⑧boast [b st] v．(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的事物)
⑨UNESCO-protected受联合国教科文组织保护的
⑩heritage ['herItId ] n.
[usually sing.]遗产
be carved out of...
用……雕刻而成的
statue ['st t u ] n．[C]
雕像；塑像
get a better view看得更清楚
astonishing [ 'st nI I ]
adj.令人十分惊讶的，
使人大为惊奇的
cover an area of...
占地……
vary ['ve ri] vi.变化
vary from...to...从……
到……不等
depict [dI'pIkt] vt.描绘，描画
scarf [skɑ f] n．[C]围巾，披巾，头巾
in more detail更为详细
detail n．细节；详情
v．详细说明、详述
detailed adj.详细的；精细的
peak [pi k] n．[usually sing.]高峰，顶点
find n．[C]发现物，被发现的人(尤指有趣、有价值或有用者)　
sealed [si ld] adj.密封的
seal vt.密封
seal up sth.(with sth.)
(用某物)密封某物
manuscript ['m njuskrIpt] n．[C]手稿，原稿
scroll [skr l] n．[C] 纸卷，卷轴
a stone's throw一箭之遥；附近
throw [熟词生义]n.[C]
投掷的距离
arrive vi.送达，寄到
export [Ik'sp t] vt.& vi.
输出，出口
[反义词] import vt.进口
ceramics [s 'r mIks] n.
[pl.]陶瓷制品
perfume ['p fju m] n．香料
to name just a few仅举
几例
reveal [rI'vi l] vt.显示，
透露；揭露
prosperous ['pr sp r s]
adj.繁荣的，兴旺的
fade [feId] vi.& vt.褪色，逐渐消失
fade from...从……逐渐消失
bring...to life使……焕发生机
the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议
initiative [I'nI tIv] n．[C] 倡议
crossroads ['kr sr dz] n．[C] 活动中心，汇集地；十字路口
the Silk Road International Cultural Expo丝绸之路国际文化博览会
expo ['eksp ] n．[C]展览会，博览会
strengthen ['stre θ( )n] v.加强；巩固
mutual ['mju t u l] adj.相互的；共同的
move on (to sth.)开始做(别的事)；换话题
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG!
Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway① to and from Ancient China, a place [1]where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. [2]You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis② of Dunhuang ahead of them.
[1]此处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a place，where在从句中作地点状语。
[2]本句为主从复合句。句中how引导宾语从句，该从句中when引导时间状语从句。
Dunhuang's long and glorious③ history represents④ its significance⑤ as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange⑥. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination⑦ [3]boasting⑧ sites with UNESCO-protected⑨ heritage⑩ status. Now, we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves, [4]of which there are more than 700. Known as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1，000 years. [5]If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Look at these statues ！ You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the cave. [6]Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view . Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing area of 45，000 square metres.
[3]此处为现在分词短语作后置定语。
[4]此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代caves。
[5]本句为主从复合句。“If you look up”为if引导的条件状语从句；“that are testimony to...together”为that引导的定语从句，在该从句中“how the...together”为how引导的宾语从句。
[6]本句中so that引导目的状语从句，主句为祈使句。
The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural [7]that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”. Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail . The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, [8]reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time．
[7]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one type of mural，that在从句中作主语。
[8]此处为现在分词短语作状语。
Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century. [9]In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. We'll have a chance to see some of them shortly—the Library Cave is only a stone's throw from here. [10]Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade. Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe. [11]The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city.[12]However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.
[9]本句中表地点的介词短语In a sealed cave位于句首，句子用全部倒装。
[10]本句为主从复合句。“Dating from...1002 AD”是现在分词短语作状语；when引导定语从句。
[11]此处包含“so...that”结构。第一个that引导结果状语从句，这个状语从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，that指代先行词goods。
[12]本句为主从复合句。why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，并在从句中作原因状语。
[13]In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.
[13]本句为主从复合句。句中含有“not as...as...”引导的比较状语从句。
This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
Now let's move on to the next cave...
欢迎来到敦煌！
欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是进出古代中国的门户，是东西方交会的地方，也是沙漠中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受会是怎样的。
敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。现今，敦煌是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有700多个著名的洞窟，现在我们将要进入其中的几个。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。如果你抬起头，你就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们是丝绸之路如何将东西方连接在一起的见证。看看这些塑像！你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来环顾洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点儿以便你可以看得更清楚。看看它们！这些壁画的面积有45 000平方米，非常惊人。
敦煌壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活场景不等。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，(其上)画的是飞天，也就是“飞升成仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都饰有这些天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们来看一下这幅壁画。上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们披巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看得更为详细。(你可以看到)飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、散花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信与乐观。
1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟里，也就是现在著名的藏经洞，藏有成千上万的手稿、画作、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们将很快有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可以追溯到公元405年至公元1002年，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。多亏了这个古老的图书馆，我们如今才能得以了解当时的情况：货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果，等等。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来，这至今仍是个谜。
在明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌不再像从前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，也还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
21世纪，“一带一路”倡议使丝绸之路再一次焕发了生机。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。鉴于本次博览会的主题是促进文化交流和加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作，敦煌正是理想的会址。
现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟……
教材原文助读6
①Sinologist [sɑI'n l d Ist]n.汉学家
②temple ['temp( )l] n．[C]庙宇，寺院
Shaolin Temple少林寺
③fall in love with
爱上(表示动作)
be in love with爱上……(表示状态)
④Chinese kung fu中国功夫
⑤tune [tju n] n．[C]曲调，旋律
theme tune主题曲
⑥shepherd [' ep d] n．[C]牧羊人
⑦Chinese Studies汉学
⑧academic major主修专业
⑨prior to在……之前，先于……
prior ['praI ] adj.先前的；较早的
⑩expose vt.使接触，使体验
be exposed to 接触，体验
encounter [In'ka nt (r)] n．[C]邂逅，遭遇，冲突
genius ['d i ni s]
n．天才，天赋
have a profound effect on对……有重大影响
passion ['p n] n.激情；酷爱
have a passion for...
对……的强烈爱好，酷爱……
stimulating ['stImjuleItI ] adj.趣味盎然的，激励人的，振奋人心的
chamber ['t eImb ] n．[C]房间
romance [r 'm ns] n．[C]传奇故事
kingdom ['kI d m] n．[C]王国
as to关于
in addition另外(＝except)
in addition to除了……还有(＝besides)
publishing house出版社
tend to do往往会/常常做
look to指望；注意
keep an eye on留意；照看，留神
Thirty-six Stratagems 《三十六计》
stratagem ['str t d m]
n．[C]计谋，策略
see v．看见；见证
(＝witness)
well-received adj.受欢迎的
think highly of...高度评价……
chord [k d] n．[C]
和弦；弦
strike a chord引起共鸣
【文化采风】
1．Shi Ji, written by Sima Qian, was the first general history of China ever to be produced. Considered a masterpiece, it covers major events and personalities over a period of about 3，000 years. It has 130 chapters and contains more than 520，000 words.
2．The epic poems the Iliad and the Od sseia are the two key works of Ancient Greek literature. Yet, little is known of Homer, the poet who the Ancient Greeks believed to have penned them.
3．Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber, or A Dream of Red Mansions or The Story of the Stone, is considered one of China's Four Great Classical Novels. Documenting the rise and fall of a family, it provides a fascinating insight into the life of Chinese society in the 18th century.
READING CHINA
[1]The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to us all. [2]But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received Today, four Sinologists① and translators share their experience of Chinese literature with us. They are：
Petko, aged 43 from Bulgaria
Annelous, aged 34 from the Netherlands
Joachim, aged 25 from France
Mai, aged 28 from Egypt
[1]本句为主从复合句。句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词one。
[2]本句为主从复合句。句中what和how均引导宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。
Q1: How__did__you__get__interested__in__Chinese__literature
Petko: It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy—The Shaolin Temple②. That movie gave me so many reasons to fall in love with③ China. I was amazed by Chinese kung fu④， of course—everyone loves kung fu, don't they I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and I found that I liked Chinese music, too—I just loved the movie's theme tune⑤， Song of the Shepherd⑥．
Annelous: I became interested in languages at a young age. When I started high school, I began reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies⑦ as my academic major⑧ at university.
Joachim：When I was 15 years old, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, or Records of the Grand Historian. Prior to⑨ that, the only great historical works [3]I had been exposed⑩ to were Homer's epic poems. Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical literature. After reading it, I realised the true genius of China's “Grand Historian”， Sima Qian. His writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.
Mai：I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator. Most of the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English-speaking world, so [4]reading Chinese literature was a stimulating and inspiring experience.
[3]此处为定语从句，省略了关系代词that，修饰先行词the only great historical works。
[4]此处为动词-ing形式作主语。
Q2: How__do__you__select__works__to__translate
Petko：I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties. I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian. Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms ．
Annelous: In the Netherlands, [5]the decision as to which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists. In addition ， publishing houses tend to look to other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there. I've so far translated the writings of several young Chinese authors, and I'm looking forward to their new works.
Joachim: I just go with what I like and what I am interested in.I've translated some poems by Dai Wangshu. Right now, I'm doing research into popular literature in Shanghai at the start of the 20th century.
Mai：I don't care if a writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work itself. I've translated some works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin. I also keep a close eye on what's being self-published online by new, young authors—they have some good ideas.
[5]此处句子主干为“the decision is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists”；“as to...translated”属于介词短语作后置定语，修饰decision；“which works of Chinese literature get translated”是which引导的宾语从句，作as to的宾语，which在从句中作定语。
Q3: Which__works__by__Chinese__writers__are__popular__in__your__country
Petko: Thirty-six Stratagems has sold more than 1，000 copies in Bulgaria. [6]When you consider that here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirty-six Stratagems is a best-seller in Bulgaria!
Annelous：Each year [7]sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received. [8]The people that buy and read these books do so because they want to learn more about Chinese culture and everyday life in China. On the whole, I do have to admit that here, people's knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited.
Joachim: Many works by modern writers such as Lu Xun and Shen Congwen have been translated into French. And the novels of some contemporary writers also sell quite well in Franch. Literature has a lot of significance to the French, and Chinese literary works tend to be highly thought of．
Mai: Egyptians like literature [9]that reflects human nature and experience. A couple of good examples of this are “Fond Memories of Autumn” by Shi Tiesheng and “Street Scene” by Zhou Guoping. I think Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common. Because of this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.
[6]本句为主从复合句。句中When引导时间状语从句，从句中的consider后是that引导的宾语从句；在宾语从句中，“a writer can usually hope for”是定语从句，修饰先行词the best；“to sell...work”是不定式短语作表语。
[7]此处为“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，publish与works之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。
[8]本句为主从复合句。句中的that引导定语从句，修饰The people；because引导原因状语从句。
[9]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词literature, that在从句中作主语。
解读中国
我们都对中国文学世界再熟悉不过了。但是你有没有停下来想过，在中国以外的地方，人们都读过哪些中国文学作品？这些作品受到怎样的评价？今天，四位汉学家和译者将给我们分享他们有关中国文学的经历。他们是：
佩特科，43岁，来自保加利亚
安妮鲁斯，34岁，来自荷兰
若阿基姆，25岁，来自法国
马伊，28岁，来自埃及
问题1：你是如何对中国文学感兴趣的？
佩特科：一切都要从我小时候看的一部电影——《少林寺》说起。那部电影给了我很多让我爱上中国的理由。我叹服于中国功夫，当然——人人都喜欢功夫，不是吗？我还觉得中文听起来那么美，而且我发现我也喜欢中国的音乐——我特别喜欢那部电影的主题曲《牧羊曲》。
安妮鲁斯：我从小就对语言感兴趣。上高中的时候，我开始读中国历史和文化方面的书，这激励我在大学选择了主修汉学专业。
若阿基姆：我15岁的时候，妈妈给我买了一本经典名著《史记》。在此之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》。《史记》是我接触的第一部中国的经典文学作品。通过阅读《史记》，我领略了中国“太史公”司马迁的真正才华。他的文章对我影响很大，我也因此十分喜爱中国文学。
马伊：我开始从事翻译工作后，渐渐爱上了中国文学。埃及大多数文学译作来自说英语的国家，所以阅读中国文学作品是很有趣的，而且能让人受到启发。
问题2：你是如何选择作品来翻译的？
佩特科：我特别喜欢中国古典文学，尤其是明清时期的作品。我第一次读《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。既然这个梦想已经实现了，我的下一个目标是翻译《三国演义》。
安妮鲁斯：在荷兰，受敬重的汉学家的意见在很大程度上影响翻译中国文学作品的选择。此外，出版社往往会参考在其他国家哪些中国作品畅销。到目前为止，我已经翻译了几位中国年轻作家的作品，并且我期待着他们的新作。
若阿基姆：我翻译作品完全是随着喜好和兴趣来。我翻译了几首戴望舒的诗。现在，我正在研究20世纪初上海的通俗文学。
马伊：我不在乎一个作家是否受欢迎。作品本身才最吸引我。我翻译过席慕蓉和毕淑敏等作家的一些作品。我还密切关注新的年轻作者在网上发表的作品——他们有一些不错的想法。
问题3：哪些中国作家的作品在你的国家受欢迎？
佩特科：《三十六计》在保加利亚卖出了一千多本。当你考虑到，在保加利亚，作者通常期待他们的作品卖出的最高数量也才几百本，《三十六计》算是畅销书了！
安妮鲁斯：每年都见证了更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。人们购买和阅读这些书籍是想要更多地了解中国的文化和日常生活。总的来说，我确实不得不承认，在这里，人们对中国文学的了解相当有限。
若阿基姆：像鲁迅、沈从文等现代作家的许多作品都被译成了法语。一些当代作家的小说在法国也很畅销。文学对法国人来说意义重大，中国的文学作品往往获得很高的评价。
马伊：埃及人喜欢反映人性和人生经历的文学。其中，史铁生的《秋天的怀念》和周国平的《街头即景》就是很好的例子。我认为埃及和中国联系紧密，有许多共同之处。正因为如此，中国文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者内心的共鸣。
Unit 4　Everyday economics
教材原文助读7
①forehead ['f rId] n．额，前额
②partly ['pɑ tli] adv.部分地，一定程度上
③blank [bl k] adj.[熟词生义] 无表情的，木然的
④as to关于，至于
⑤dizzy ['dIzi] adj.头晕目眩的
⑥take a deep breath深呼吸
⑦struggle vi.奋斗，努力，争取
struggle to do sth.努力做某事
struggle for...为……奋斗
⑧turn ...into...使……变成……
⑨chairwoman ['t e w m n]
n．女主席；女会长
⑩row upon row of...一排又一排的……
delicate ['delIk t] adj.脆弱的；精美的；(颜色)柔和的
end up doing sth.最终做某事；以做某事告终
potential [p 'ten ( )l] n．(事物的)潜力，可能性
grow wild (植物)自然生长，野生
give sth. back to将某物归还/送回；回馈，回报
be bitten by...对……着迷，热衷于……
the start-up bug创业狂热
bug [b ɡ] n．[sing.] 突然的兴趣，迷恋
enterprising ['ent praIzI ] adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
in the hope of...怀着……的希望
passion n. [C，U] 强烈情感，激情；[C] 酷爱
meet with rejection遭到拒绝
rejection [rI'd ek ( )n] n．
[C，U]拒绝接受，否决；拒绝
all-important input极重要的投入
all-important adj.极重要的
input ['Inp t] n．[C，U]投入(物)
obstacle [' bst k( )l] n．[C] 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
obstacle to (doing) sth.(做)某事的障碍
nurse vt.[熟词生义]培育，培养，悉心照料
at the initial phase在初始阶段
phase [feIz] n．[C]阶段，时期
multi-million数百万的
manufacturer [ m nj 'f kt ( )r ]
n．[C]制造商；制造公司，制造厂　
purchase ['p t s] v．购买，采购，买
distribution [ dIstrI'bju ( )n] n．(商品的)分销，经销
decent ['di snt] adj.相当不错的；得体的
bonus ['b n s] n．奖金；红利
welcome vt.[熟词生义]
乐意接纳，欣然接受
entrepreneurial spirit
创业精神
entrepreneurial [ ntr pr 'n ri l] adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
seek guidance寻求指导
guidance ['ɡaId( )ns] n.
指导，引导；导航
consultant [k n's lt nt] n．顾问
consult vt.& vi.咨询；请教
rush into (doing) sth.仓促行事，匆忙行事
sound adj. [熟词生义]
合理的；明智的；正确的
access to...获得/使用……的机会
access [' kses] n．(使用或见到的)机会；通道
capital ['k pItl] n.
[sing.][熟词生义] 资金，资本
negotiating skills谈判技巧
negotiate [nI'ɡ ieIt] vi.
谈判
ambitious adj.有野心的，有雄心的
limit n．[C]限度，限制；极限；界限
Business Blossoms
As she spoke, Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking. [1]She couldn't, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead①， which was caused partly② by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. [2]They stared back, their blank③ faces giving no clue as to④ what they would say next. Feeling dizzy⑤， Zhang Yue took a deep breath⑥ as she struggled⑦ to finish her presentation, “And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into⑧ a successful one.”
[1]本句为主从复合句。主句中“running down her forehead”为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the line of sweat；“which was caused...in front of her”为which引导的非限制性定语从句，其中“seated in front of her”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the four people。
[2]本句中“their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next”为独立主格结构，表示伴随的动作，现在分词短语的逻辑主语是their blank faces；句中“what they would say next”为what引导的宾语从句，作as to的宾语。
Now chairwoman⑨ of her own company, Zhang Yue is fond of saying, “The early bird catches the worm.” [3]The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television studio. Moving carefully through the darkness, she passes row upon row of⑩ rose plants. In an hour, these fields will be full of people, working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise. “It has to be done then，” says Zhang. “These flowers are delicate ．”
[3]本句为主从复合句。句中where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；“a world away from any television studio”作valley的同位语。
Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing . [4]Surrounded by roses as she was growing up, she paid them little attention. [5]It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential . “Conditions are ideal here，” she says. “This is a place where roses grow wild ．”
[4]此处为过去分词短语作状语，其中as引导时间状语从句。
[5]本句为强调句，强调时间状语“only after graduating...her parents”。
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.“I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss，” she said. “But I also wanted to give something back to my home town. [6]As people say, ‘It takes a village to raise a child.’”
[6]本句为主从复合句。句中As引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容；在“It takes...child.”中，It为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语to raise a child。
She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start-up bug . All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy creates more opportunities. Like Zhang, they present their ideas in the hope of getting investment and advice, and they have the same passion and devotion. The majority meet with rejection. A few, like Zhang Yue, find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support from more experienced business people. The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one, [7]with many challenges along the way．
As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants. However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn. She has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today. [8]“The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience. Few in the village believed I could create a multi-million yuan business from flowers，” says Zhang. “After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. [9]It was only then that the locals began to believe me. Now my product is one of the best in Asia. This year, I can pay all my fellow workers a decent bonus．”
[8]本句中“to persuade people to work for me”为动词不定式短语作表语，说明主语The biggest challenge的内容；which引导非限制性定语从句。
[9]本句为强调句，强调时间状语only then。
Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings. Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, [10]she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things．
[10]本句中that引导宾语从句，作advises的宾语。此处advise意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词使用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。
“I love running my own business, but it's not for everyone，” says Zhang. “To succeed in business, you need more than a good idea, hard work and determination. [11]What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills. Most of all, don't be too ambitious. You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with. For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.”
创业之花
发言时，张悦把手放在背后，以掩饰它们在颤抖。然而，她无法掩饰从额头淌下的汗水，一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的这四个人。他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人对他们接下来会说什么毫无头绪。张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使我这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。”
张悦现在是自己公司的董事长，她总喜欢说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”她创业的地点在一个山谷里，这是一个完全不同于任何电视演播室的世界。她小心地在黑暗中穿行，经过一排又一排的玫瑰植株。一个小时后，这些田地里将会挤满人，在日出前快速采摘玫瑰花。“必须在那个时候采，”张悦说，“这些花是很娇嫩的。”
张悦以前从未想过自己最终会做这一行。她从小到大，身边到处都是玫瑰，但她很少注意到它们。直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，她才意识到这里的潜力。“这里的条件非常理想，”她说，“玫瑰在这个地方自然生长。”
因此，张悦决定回到家乡并种植玫瑰，这让许多人感到惊讶。“我想体验当自己老板的自由，”她说，“但同时我也想回报我的家乡。正如人们所说：‘养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的帮助和支持。’”
她并不是唯一一个着迷于创业的年轻人。在世界各地，由于不断增长的经济创造了更多的机会，越来越多有事业心的年轻人正在考虑自己创业。像张悦一样，他们提出自己的想法，希望以此获得投资和建议，而且他们拥有同样的热情和为事业奉献的决心。他们中的大多数遭到拒绝。但包括张悦在内的少数人非常幸运地获得投资，并从更有经验的商界人士那里获得非常重要的投入和支持。不过他们的成功之路仍然漫长而艰难，一路上充满许多挑战。
作为一个在农村长大的人，张悦已经了解种植作物了。然而，就像任何一个刚刚起步的企业家一样，她还有很多东西要学。为了取得今天的成就，她精心打理生意，克服了许多障碍。“在初始阶段，最大的挑战是说服人们来为我工作，这完全超出了我的经验

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