资源简介

Period 2　Using language
复习状语从句
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(1)(教材P34)You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.
你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受会是怎样的。
(2)(教材P34)If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together.
如果你抬起头，你就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们是丝绸之路如何将东西方连接在一起的见证。
(3)(教材P35)The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.　上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们披巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。
(4)(教材P36)The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few.
这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果，等等。
(5)(教材P36)In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.　在明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌不再像从前那样繁华。
(6)(教材P36)Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.　尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，也还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
(7)(教材P36)Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017.　2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。
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句(1)中的when和句(7)中的since引导时间状语从句；句(2)中的if引导条件状语从句；句(3)中的as if引导方式状语从句；句(4)中的“so...that...”引导结果状语从句；句(5)中的“not as...as”引导比较状语从句；句(6)中的even though引导让步状语从句。
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一、时间状语从句
连词 用法
before 常用于以下句型：It will be long before...(得过好久才……)；It will not be long before...(过不了多久就……)；　It was long before...(过了好久才……)；It was not long before...(没过多久就……)
since 意为“自……以来”，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。此外，since常用于以下句型：It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句(常用一般过去时)
as 意为“一边……一边……、随着”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生
when 意为“当……时候”，可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用，从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生
while 意为“当……的时候、在某一段时间里”，只可与延续性动词连用，侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比
其他 1.till、not...until...、until；2．hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...表示“一……就……”；3．directly、immediately、instantly、the moment、the minute、the second、the instant、as soon as意为“一……就……”；4．each time、every time、the first time等
二、让步状语从句
1．although、though、as、while、even if/though、whether...or...等引导让步状语从句
(1)although与though引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。
(2)as引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though引导的让步状语从句也可以倒装，但although引导的让步状语从句不可以倒装。
(3)while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。
(4)even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使、纵然”。
(5)whether...or...引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
2．“no matter＋疑问词”或“疑问词＋-ever”引导让步状语从句
no matter后接who、what、where、how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上-ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。但在引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词＋-ever”。
三、其他状语从句
1．地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的常见连词：where、wherever。
2．条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常见连词(短语)：if、 unless、 as/so long as、 in case、on condition that、provided/providing (that)、supposing/suppose (that)、assuming that等。
3．原因状语从句
连词 用法
because 用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后
since/now that 表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首
as 引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中
其他 seeing that、in that、considering (that)、given that等。(注意：for连接的是并列句)
4.目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词：in order that、so that、for fear that、in case。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。for fear that表示“唯恐、生怕”；in case表示“以免、以防”。
5．结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词：so that、 so...that...、 such...that...等。
6．方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词：as、as if/as though。as if或as though引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气：表示与现在情况相反的假设用一般过去时，表示与过去情况相反的假设用过去完成时；从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，则用陈述语气。
7．比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as...as、not as/so...as、比较级＋than引导。
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用适当的连词填空
(1)“Then, the paper is heated in a kiln (窑) for several days until/till it turns into ashes，” explained Chen.
(2)The late Mei Lanfang (1894-1961) now is once again able to “appear” in front of audiences thanks to digital technology. Dong got very excited and emotional when/as she saw that Master Mei was “really talking” on stage.
(3)Though/Although/While historic and natural wonders are still the priorities, Chinese tourists now prefer a more rural experience.
(4)If we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
(5)The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai, where he began his groundbreaking research.
(6)I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)As we age, even if/though we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be.
2．He told me a helicopter was on its way, but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived.
3．Although/Though/While he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him.
4．After the war, a new building was put up where there had once been a playground.
5．On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
6．Mary's mother doesn't allow her to go anywhere outside the town unless another member of the family is along.
7．American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.
8．Today I saw the ancient Roman City of Pompeii as it was 2，000 years ago.
9．Try hard as/though she does, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.
10．Whatever others say, the expert is sure that his theory is correct and he is confident that it will be widely accepted and recognized by the scientific community.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但并非所有的影响都是积极的。
While/Though/Although online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
2．不管任务多么困难，我们都会尽力按时完成的。
No matter how/However difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it on time.
3．如果你坚持练习，你将会提高你的英语口语水平。
You will improve your oral English if you keep on practicing．
4．既然我们都是地球的一部分，我们每个人都应该尽自己最大的努力去保护它。
Now that/Since we are all part of the globe, everyone should try his best to protect it.
5．他一大早就去了演讲厅，以便能找个好座位。
He went to the lecture hall early in the morning so that/in order that he would get a good seat．单元过关检测(三)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where does the conversation take place
A.In a college.
B.In a bank.
C.In a supermarket.
2．What will the speakers probably do
A.Have a walk.
B.Go swimming.
C.Ride a bike.
3．How much will the man pay for the tickets
A.$18.　　　B．$20.　　　C．$28.
4．Why does the woman prefer to go by car
A.It is fast.
B.It is cheap.
C.It is convenient.
5．Why did the man want his money back
A.The food was too spicy.
B.The waiter was dishonest.
C.There was a hair in the food.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does the woman ask to go to the chemistry lab？　
A.To check the equipment.
B.To follow the man closely.
C.To do an experiment again.
7．What does the man remind the woman to do at last
A.Go home early.
B.Turn off the light.
C.Look after herself.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the woman
A.A chef.
B.A waitress.
C.A taxi driver.
9．What does the man say about the pie
A.He can't eat it.
B.He doesn't like it.
C.He misses the taste very much.
10．Which dessert does the man order
A.The chocolate cake.
B.The fruit salad.
C.Nothing.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Why does the woman dislike the city
A.The air is not fresh.
B.The streets are crowded.
C.It is difficult to park the car.
12．What can we learn about the man
A.He lives near his workplace.
B.He takes the subway to work.
C.He dreams to have a big house.
13．What does the woman plan to do
A.Find a new job.
B.Move out of the city.
C.Keep a pet dog.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Where did the woman spend her holiday
A.In the garden.
B.By the seaside.
C.In the mountains.
15．What have the woman's parents been doing recently
A.Moving.
B.Decorating the house.
C.Enjoying the holiday.
16．Where did the woman live during her holiday
A.In an apartment.
B.In a storeroom.
C.In a tree house.
17．When will the man come for a visit
A.This year.
B.Next month.
C.Next year.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What is the speaker trying to do
A.Introduce a coach to listeners.
B.Do some research about making money.
C.Inform listeners how to be financially independent.
19．Who is more reliable
A.The advertiser.
B.The coach.
C.He himself.
20．What does the speaker advise listeners to do
A.Set a goal.
B.Ask around.
C.Make decisions.
答案：1～5.BBCCC　6～10.CBBAA
11～15.CABAB　16～20.BCCBA
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：I'd like to open a savings account.①
M：Sure. Please fill out this application form and make a small deposit.① Then, you'll be all set.
(Text 2)
M：Let's go for a walk.
W：That's boring.Let's ride in the backyard.
M：It's so hot.Why not go swimming instead
W：Good idea.②
(Text 3)
M：How much is the ticket for tomorrow's show
W：It's $10 per adult and $8 per child.③
M：Three tickets please.Two tickets for adults and one for the child.③
(Text 4)
W：How would you go to Shanghai
M：I prefer to take the train to save money.What about you
W：By car.We needn't bother to carry luggage.④
(Text 5)
W：Did you have fun in the restaurant
M：It was good until I found a hair in the food.⑤
W：Really？So what did you do
M：I called the waiter over and claimed my money back，⑤ but he refused.
W：Oh, what did the waiter say
M：He said it was spice rather than a hair，but I knew better!
(Text 6)
W：May I go to the chemistry lab before going home, Mr. Liu
M：For what
W：I want to do that experiment once again.⑥
M：Then you must follow me.
W：I'm sure I can do it myself.
M：Well, all right. You can go by yourself. Make sure everything is taken good care of, especially the electrical equipment.
W：I certainly will. Anything else
M：Don't forget to turn off the light before you leave.⑦　
W：I won't.
(Text 7)
W：Was everything OK，sir？Would you like me to bring you the dessert menu？⑧
M：It was absolutely delicious and I have eaten quite enough，thank you.However，because I'm greedy...yes, I will have the dessert menu.
W：Ha-ha.Here it is.
M：Is there anything you would recommend
W：The chef's special is very popular.It's the strawberry pie. Then there's the chocolate cake.That's the one I like best.⑩
M：I'll have to give the pie a miss.I have an allergy.⑨ The fruit salad looks nice, but I trust your judgement, so I'll have your favorite.⑩
W：OK.By the way，there's a taxi outside.Did you order one
M：I did.But if it's mine, he's 10 minutes early. Could you ask him to wait
W：It's my pleasure.
(Text 8)
W：I'm sick of living in the city.
M：Why？For the air pollution
W：Not really. It seems like there is always no place for me to park my car. Sometimes I have to drive around for about 30 minutes to find a parking spot!
M：I know，but I still love living here. I think you can move close to your workplace like me. Then you can just get rid of the car and don't have to worry about parking.
W：And it is getting expensive to rent an apartment.I hear that rents will continue to increase. I could buy a big house in the long run if I moved somewhere else.To buy a big house is my dream.
M：I would like to have enough room for a dog and a home office.I guess that is the only thing that would get me out of the city.
W：Well，keep thinking about it! I'm ready to move.
(Text 9)
M：Hi, Pamela, how was your holiday
W：Oh, it was great. This year the weather has been excellent so we spent a lot of time under the cherry tree in the garden.
M：Is this the famous cherry tree you have been talking about so much
W：That's the one.You know my parents have had that tree ever since I remembered and each summer it produces a great many cherries.
M：And how are your parents
W：Oh，they keep themselves busy. They have been decorating the house recently, so I moved to the storeroom.
M：Was that a problem
W：No，not at all.I always like our storeroom.As a kid I always thought it had lots of old treasures，but I was rarely allowed to go there.
M：Wow, I was brought up in an apartment, so there wasn't a storeroom.
W：Well, maybe I can convince you to come with me next year.
M：Oh，I may take you up on that offer.
(Text 10)
M：Hello, everyone. Have you ever seen those ads on TV about how you can be financially independent in three easy steps Well, that is a goal of mine—to be financially independent, but I don't trust those ads. I wasn't sure what the best way to achieve it, so I asked around and did some research.It was all about getting the right information and making informed decisions. I got a coach to help me. You set a very specific goal，which I did，and this person helps you achieve it step by step. The training isn't cheap, but I think it's the best way to see results.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Confucius Institute Introductory
Chinese Course
Course Overview
The Confucius Institute at UNC Charlotte is proud to offer a non-credit (无学分的) community-based Chinese language and culture course to those who are interested in learning about China and Chinese society. The course is taught by experienced teachers or native speakers of Chinese.Instructional materials and topics have been reviewed by the Confucius Institute's Faculty Advisory Council.
Curriculum
Designed for those with no prior knowledge of Chinese language, the curriculum includes 30-minute weekly individual training sessions.
This course starts with pinyin (the Chinese pronunciation system) and offers an integrated (综合的) introduction to reading, listening and speaking in Chinese.Students will practice accurate pronunciation and tones, and complete real communicative tasks.By the end of the session，students will be able to respond to greetings，exchange basic personal information，talk about one's family, describe one's appearance, and conduct simple conversations about some daily life topics.
Students will gain oral communicative skills.They are not required to show written presentation skills，though they are highly encouraged to demonstrate their oral presentation skills in the topics covered in the course.There is no written homework；however，the instructor may request additional time outside class to review the class content or provide some oral assignments.
Schedule and Location：
Date Time Location
Every Tuesday from Jul.9，to Aug.27 6：00 p．m.-8：30 p．m. UNC Charlotte's College of Health and Human Services, Room 120
Format
√8-Week Face-to-Face Program
√One day per week face-to-face 6：00 p．m. to 8：30 p．m.
Course Fee：$300
Financial Options：
√Staff Discount
√Early Bird Discount
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校孔子学院设立的中文导论课程的具体信息。
21．Who is the course intended for
A．Native speakers of Chinese.
B．Experienced Chinese teachers.
C．Staff of the Confucius Institute.
D．Lovers of China and Chinese society.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据Course Overview部分中的“The Confucius Institute at UNC Charlotte...and Chinese society.”可知，本课程面向中国和中国社会的爱好者。
22．What can students learn in the course
A．The history of Chinese society.
B．Ways to read Chinese literature.
C．Basic communication skills in Chinese.
D.Ways to improve writing skills in Chinese.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据Curriculum部分中的“By the end of the session, students...about some daily life topics.”可知，学生可以在本课程中学习基本的中文沟通技巧。
23．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
A.You can get a discount if you sign up early.
B.Some credits can be gained through the course.
C.The students will have half-an-hour daily guidance.
D.The students need to hand in written tasks after each class.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据Course Fees：$300部分中的“Early Bird Discount”可推知，如果早点报名的话可以打折。
B
Walking into Lang Jiaziyu's workshop in Beijing, one can see lively dough figurines(面人) and certificates of honor neatly placed on the workbench. However, one can never expect that this third-generation inheritor of the national-level intangible heritage of dough figurine making is a young man born in 1995.
Lang developed a preference for the art at a young age, starting to learn the craft from his father when he was about four to five years old. Despite repeatedly practicing the same skills, the boy never felt bored. Instead, he gained quite a great deal of pleasure from the craft. Under the influence of his father, Lang developed a sense of responsibility to carry forward the craft when he was young.
Lang had previously considered dough figurines to be an old-fashioned craft, having also felt that the raw materials used for the craft limited his creativity, raising doubts as to why he had chosen making dough figurines as a career from the beginning. However, when Lang visited an art exhibition as a university student, he was impressed by how one artisan there had made bread into various shapes, and then dried them to generate cracks on their outer surfaces to present a unique aesthetic (美学的) form.
“Then, I came to realize that instead of complaining about the raw materials, I should pay more attention to improving my skills so that I could turn the ‘disadvantages’ of the dough into something that I could make full use of to make my works more expressive，” Lang said.
The young man has also turned to new media to promote the art of dough modeling. For Lang, making dough figurines is a process of self-expression, and it gives him great pleasure to just be himself. “This is what I'm good at and attracted to, and I'm delighted to see a trend towards the revitalization (振兴) of traditional Chinese culture nowadays.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了国家级非物质文化遗产“北京面人郎”第三代传承人郎佳子彧对面人制作的挚爱和追求及其传承文化的责任和担当。
24．What do we know about Lang in paragraph 1
A.He is in his mid-thirties.
B．He is a dough figurine businessman.
C．He is the first dough figurine maker.
D.His dough figurines are highly thought of.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，郎佳子彧将其所获得的荣誉证书整齐地摆放在工作台上，由此可推知，他制作的面人受到了高度赞誉。
25．How did Lang once feel about dough figurine making
A.He never got bored with it.
B．He got great pressure from it.
C.He felt tired of practicing the same skills.
D.He thought it was his father's duty to carry it forward.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Despite repeatedly practicing the same skills, the boy never felt bored.”可知，郎佳子彧对面人制作从未感到厌烦。
26．What inspired Lang to create more impressive dough figurines
A.His responsibility for Chinese culture.
B．Another artisan's bread presentation.
C．His discovery of his own disadvantages.
D.His enthusiasm for making dough figurines.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容可知，在郎佳子彧上大学时，他去参观了一次艺术展，对一位工匠所展示的面包作品印象深刻。这次经历使他逐渐意识到自己更应该注意提高技能，把面团的“缺点”变成可以充分利用的东西，从而使他的面人作品更具表现力。
27．What is the best title for the passage
A．Just Do It
B．Traditional Chinese Culture
C．The Development of the Dough Figurine Making
D.It Feels Cool to Be a Dough Figurine Artisan
D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了国家级非物质文化遗产“北京面人郎”第三代传承人郎佳子彧对面人制作的挚爱与追求，制作面人的过程不仅是他表达自我的过程，而且带给他极大的乐趣。D项最适合作文章标题。
C
When we hurt someone, we may be unwilling to acknowledge our fault and make an apology because it makes us feel guilty, conflicts with our beliefs about being a good person，or means accepting that we're imperfect human beings. We may want to excuse our behavior and blame the other person, minimizing our role in hurting him or her.
Researchers carried out a study to find out how we can be better at apologizing.In the study，researchers asked 120 college students to recall a time when they'd hurt someone else and the conflict remained unresolved.Then，participants were randomly assigned to either a 15-minute guided mindfulness exercise focusing on their breath and having people think in the present moment or a guided mind-wandering exercise, where they were encouraged to let their minds wander.
Afterward, they were asked to report how much they felt like apologizing to the person versus not apologizing or offering excuses for their behavior.Then, they were asked to write a note to the person，without instructions to apologize or not. In analyzing the notes, the researchers found that participants who had practiced mindfulness were more likely to write statements like “I'm sorry ”or “I apologize” in their notes than those who had mind-wandered.
“One way in which we can foster apologies is by having people think in the present moment，” lead author Sana Rizvi says.“We can teach individuals to be mindful of their present states, and it can be done in about 15 minutes.”
Why might this be the case？Rizvi isn't sure, as there has been very little research on how being more mindful might affect us when we hurt others.Prior research has found that being more mindful helps victims of wrong doing to be more forgiving，and it seems to improve relationships generally.
Mindfulness makes us feel less defensive and，therefore, helps us consider the importance of the other person in the conflict more.It's encouraging that teaching simple mindfulness techniques (like focused breathing) could increase apologies，especially in places that are often filled with interpersonal conflicts, like workplaces or other occasions.It could help improve interpersonal interactions and repair relationships, helping people move more easily from a place of conflict to understanding and forgiveness.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，正念练习可以更好地帮助人们改善人际关系，减少冲突和矛盾。
28．What does the author want to convey in paragraph 1
A．It is difficult for us to apologize.
B．It is hard to put ideas into action.
C．It is normal for us to make mistakes.
D.It is useless to regret what we have done.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When we hurt someone...we're imperfect human beings.”可知，当我们伤害他人时，我们可能不愿意承认我们的错误并道歉。
29．What can we know about the participants in the study
A．They were bad at handling conflicts.
B.They were encouraged to discuss their troubles.
C.They did something hurtful to others in the past.
D.They received mindfulness training before the study.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“researchers asked 120 college students to recall a time when they'd hurt someone else”可知，研究参与者过去做过伤害他人的事情。
30．What conclusion did the researchers draw from the study
A.Mind-wandering tends to increase conflicts.
B．Mindfulness can help people apologize more.
C.College students are more likely to behave responsibly.
D．College students seem to have better emotional control.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In analyzing the notes...who had mind-wandered.”可知，分析笔记时，研究人员发现，与那些接受走神练习的参与者相比，练习正念的参与者更有可能在笔记中道歉。
31．What does the author think of practicing mindfulness in workplaces
A．It is challenging to carry out.
B．It takes time to prove its effect.
C．It solves conflicts once and for all.
D．It helps achieve better relationships.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It's encouraging that teaching...conflict to understanding and forgiveness.”可知，在工作场所练习正念有助于建立更好的关系。
D
Scrolling through social media can quickly convince you that everyone's life is more interesting than yours. During a particularly adventurous week on social media recently, I saw water skiing in Maui, hiking in Yosemite and swimming with wild pigs in Bermuda. I started searching flights to new places. Then I ordered pho, Vietnam's national dish, from the same Vietnamese place I eat every week and returned to the same old routine and I felt bad about not trying somewhere new.
Evolutionarily, human brains tend to find newfangled experiences more exciting and attention-grabbing than repeated experiences. They can't process all the thrills around us, so we evolve to pay attention to new, flashy and potentially dangerous things more intently than familiar things, which we've seen enough to know they're not dangerous. What's more, words like “repetition” and “repetitiveness” tend to be associated with more negative emotions.
However, recent research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology suggests we should reconsider how we digest those feelings of monotony (单调). Some previous research has painted a negative picture of repeated experiences, saying that doing the same thing twice can feel less valuable. But Ed O'Brien, a professor of behavioral science, wondered whether people actually underestimate how positively they react to repeated experiences.
To test this theory, Mr.O'Brien and his team exposed all participants to the same stimulus (刺激) (various stimuli were tested, including museum visits, movies and video games). Next, after dividing them into two groups, the first group of participants were asked to imagine repeating the experience, while the second actually did repeat the experience. Counter to previous research, Mr.O'Brien found that across the board, repeated experiences were far more enjoyable than participants expected. In other words, you're far more likely to enjoy something the second time around than you think.
“Brand-new experiences are definitely great for enjoyment，” said Mr.O'Brien. “And our studies don't go against this idea. In many cases, the brand-new option is better. But what our studies emphasize is that repeated options might also have high hedonic (与快乐有关的) value and might also come with lower costs than a purely new option.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多人都喜欢冒险，追求新鲜感，但是研究却发现，重复能让我们更全面、深刻地认识事物，能给我们带来不一样的快乐。
32．What did the author think of her own life
A．It included many exciting things.
B．It depended heavily on social media.
C．It was highly adventurous.
D．It was boringly repetitive.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Then I ordered pho...I felt bad about not trying somewhere new.”可推知，作者觉得自己的生活单调乏味，毫无新意。
33．What is the meaning of the underlined word “newfangled” in paragraph 2
A．Fictional.　　　 B．Fascinating.
C．Novel. D．Significant.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“They can't process all the thrills around us...they're not dangerous.”可知，人类的大脑往往更关注不熟悉的东西及新奇的体验。由此可推知，画线词意为“新奇的”。　
34．How do our brains usually respond to stimuli from familiar things
A．They may pay little attention to them.
B．They may process them first.
C．They may feel uncertain of them.
D.They may consider them as positive things.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Evolutionarily, human brains tend to find...more intently than familiar things”可推知，我们的大脑使我们不太注意熟悉的刺激物。
35．What did the second group of participants do during the experiment
A．They experienced the same stimuli twice.
B．They imagined their old experiences twice.
C.They repeated similar activities many times.
D．They predicted the first group's experiences.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Next, after dividing them into two groups...the second actually did repeat the experience.”可知，第二组参与者重复了先前的体验。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Silk Road was a historical network of trade routes that connected China and the Mediterranean Sea, allowing cultural and economic interaction between the East and the West. Begun in the 2nd Century BCE, the Silk Road carried goods, ideas, and even illness for thousands of miles between great civilizations for more than a thousand years. 36.________ It was the creation of Germany's Ferdinand von Richthofen, who travelled to China several times in the second half of the 19th Century.
China's powerful Han Dynasty began expanding its trade routes towards the West in the years around 100 BCE.37.________ Some shipments made it through to Europe and to northern and eastern Africa, through the port of Alexandria.
As its name suggests, the Silk Road was home to large amount of silk, which made its way from China to the Mediterranean and, to Rome. It wasn't only silk, however, that was carried along the Silk Road.38.________ Chinese traders brought delicate porcelain plates and thin but durable paper money. Romans brought delicately carved pottery (陶器) and jewelry to China.
39．________ Merchants carried shipments from major centre, and then others carried the foods farther on the route. Many merchants travelled in groups, called caravans. Many caravans and individual merchants travelled with bodyguards because theft along the routes was not uncommon.
Several cities along the Silk Road became major trading centres. Some of the more famous of these were Alexandria，Karakorum, Antioch, Constantinople, and Persepolis. Local taxes placed on goods travelling along the route were quite common.40.________
A．The name, however, is a modern idea.
B．Diseases also spread along the Silk Road.
C.It sent silk and other goods to other civilizations.
D．Merchants would prepare some supplies in advance.
E．Goods did not travel with the same person all along the route.
F．As a result, many goods travelled only part of the way due to the high cost.
G．Many other things made their way from the East to the West, or from the West to the East.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸之路的历史、发展及其对东西方文明的影响。
36．A　解析：根据上文“Begun in the 2nd Century BCE...more than a thousand years.”可知，此处说明了丝绸之路这个称呼的诞生，下文又说这个称呼是由德国人里希霍芬发明的。A项承上启下，符合语境。
37．C　解析：根据下文“Some shipments made it...the port of Alexandria.”可知，一些货物通过亚历山大港送往欧洲、北非和东非，此处是指货物通过丝绸之路运送到别的地方。C项符合语境。
38．G　解析：根据上下文内容可知，此处是指丝绸之路还运送除了丝绸以外的东西。G项符合语境。
39．E　解析：根据下文“Merchants carried shipments...farther on the route.”可知，商人们从主要的运输中心运送货物，然后其他人把货物运送到更远的地方。E项符合语境。
40．F　解析：根据上文“Local taxes placed on goods travelling along the route were quite common.”可知，对丝绸之路上运输的货物征收地方税是很常见的，此处是指征收地方税的影响。F项符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“When I first started learning calligraphy，I just copied the teacher's strokes (笔画), and my work was ugly，”said Aryan from Afghan-istan.He is currently a graduate student in Beijing， 41 in International Education of the Chinese language.
During his six-year stay in China，he discovered the 42 of Chinese culture.He also realized that Chinese is steadily becoming a(n) 43 language，and that more people around the world want to communicate smoothly with Chinese.
To his surprise, the curriculum for foreign students in China 44 the classroom.The school organizes extracurricular 45 to help them learn and experience 46 and culture.After closer and deeper 47 with Chinese culture, Aryan found his hobby: calligraphy.
“Initially, I didn't know much Chinese and thought calligraphy would be difficult，”Aryan said.“Later on, I found out that calligraphy can help me 48 my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture.”
He used to 49 the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly.But he later found out that this view was 50 ．Calligraphy helps him to understand both each stroke and Chinese 51 to life.The horizontal, vertical (垂直的) and left and right falling strokes on the paper 52 Chinese people's unique symbols and memories.They are also the hidden 53 to better understanding Chinese culture.
Not only does Aryan gain a deeper 54 of Chinese characters, but he also develops a more mature personality along the way. Calligraphy gives him strength when he feels 55 and lost, finding his inner peace.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自阿富汗的雅利安在北京学习中文书法的过程，以及他在学习书法过程中得到的一些关于汉字和中国文化的感悟。
41．A.majoring　　　　　　 B．settling
C．bringing D．resulting
A　解析：根据上文“He is currently a graduate student”可知，雅利安是一名研究生，他应该主修(major)汉语国际教育。
42．A.mystery B．essence
C．richness D．origin
C　解析：根据下文of Chinese culture以及下文他对于书法的感悟可知，在中国的六年里，他发现了中国文化的丰富多彩(richness)。
43．A.native B．official
C．international D．formal
C　解析：根据下文“more people around the world want to communicate smoothly with Chinese”可知，世界上更多的人希望和中国人进行顺畅的交流，这说明汉语正在逐渐成为一门国际(international)语言。
44．A.goes against B．takes up
C．takes over D．goes beyond
D　解析：根据下文“The school organizes extracurricular ”可知，学校还组织课外活动(activity)，这说明课程不仅仅局限于课堂，还超越(go beyond)了课堂。
45．A.conferences B．activities
C．sports D．competitions
B　解析：参见上题解析。
46．A.pain B．life
C．adventure D．pleasure
B　解析：根据下文and culture以及上文提到的学校组织课外活动可推知，此处指的是体验生活(life)和文化。
47．A.communication B．compromise
C．combination D．contact
D　解析：根据下文“with Chinese culture, Aryan found his hobby: calligraphy”可知，经过深入接触(contact)中国文化，雅利安找到了自己的爱好：书法。
48．A.improve B．recognize
C．adjust D．demonstrate
A　解析：根据下文“my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture”可知，书法可以帮助他提高(improve)汉语水平和对中国文化的了解。
49．A.hold B．oppose
C．reject D．suspect
A　解析：根据下文“the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly”可知，此处是在讲一种观点，hold the idea that为固定搭配，意为“认为”。
50．A.positive B．contradictory
C．wrong D．objective
C　解析：上文提到他曾经认为写汉字只要写得整齐就行，下文则说书法帮助他了解每一笔笔画以及中国人对生活的态度(attitude)，由此可推知，他之前的观点是错误的(wrong)。
51．A.direction B．reply
C．attitude D．access
C　解析：参见上题解析。
52．A.supply B．represent
C．sense D．recall
B　解析：根据下文“Chinese people's unique symbols and memories”可知，此处指笔画代表(represent)了中国人独特的符号和记忆。
53．A.obstacles B．solutions
C．reactions D．keys
D　解析：根据下文“to better understanding Chinese culture”可知，汉字的笔画也是更好理解中国文化的隐藏要诀(key)。the key to...为固定搭配，意为“……的要诀”。
54．A.view B．ability
C．impression D．knowledge
D　解析：根据下文“of Chinese characters, but he also...along the way”可知，此处指他对汉字有了更深入的了解(knowledge)。
55．A.stressed B．inspired
C．determined D．interrupted
A　解析：空处和 lost并列，根据语境并结合选项可知，此处表示当他感到有压力(stressed)和失落时。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese acupuncture, also known as the art of “magic needles”， is 56.____________ branch of traditional Chinese medicine. It has a long history 57.____________(date) back to the Stone Age. It has been used to treat a wide 58.____________(vary) of health problems, like severe pains, sports injuries, depression, etc. The World Health Organization recommends it 59.____________ a good treatment for over 100 medical problems.
How does it work Special thin needles are placed in the 60.____________(target) points of your body. 61.____________(typical), the number of points ranges between 1 and 12, depending on your body situations. The needles are pushed just under the skin, though in some cases, they are pushed slightly 62.____________(deep) in order to reach the muscle tissue. The belief behind it is 63.____________ illness and pain occur because of blocked energy (or Qi) in the body. Acupuncture is used to reestablish the flow of energy and stimulate the body's natural healing (治愈) ability. 64.____________(human) are most happy and healthy when this energy is harmonious and balanced. Following treatment, you'll feel incredibly relaxed and calm.
Due to its unique contribution, Chinese acupuncture 65.____________(name) a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2010, fully indicating its worldwide recognition.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国针灸的发源、作用原理，因其独特的贡献而被联合国教科文组织列为非物质文化遗产。
56．a　解析：考查冠词。branch为可数名词，根据语境可知，此处泛指一个分支，且branch的发音以辅音音素开头，空处应用不定冠词a。
57．dating　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。
58．variety　解析：考查名词。形容词修饰名词，根据空前的a wide可知，空处应用单数名词。
59．as　解析：考查介词。recommend...as...为固定搭配，意为“推荐……作为……”。
60．targeted　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空后points为名词，空处应用形容词来修饰。
61．Typically　解析：考查副词。空处作状语，应用副词形式，且单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
62．deeper　解析：考查比较级。根据上文“The needles are pushed just under the skin”和下文“in order to reach the muscle tissue”可知，空处应用比较级，表示“为了到达肌肉组织，针要刺得更深”。
63．that　解析：考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处及之后的内容在句中为表语从句，空后的句子结构完整，成分齐全，应用从属连词that来连接。
64．Humans　解析：考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中为主语，根据空后的are可知，此处应用名词复数，且单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
65．was named　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语in 2010可知，时态为一般过去时；主语Chinese acupuncture为单数，且与动词name之间为动宾关系，应用was named。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你收到英国朋友汤姆(Tom)的来信，信中提到他打算寒假来北京参观故宫。请你给他写一封回信，介绍故宫的一些情况。
注意：词数80左右。
_________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Dear Tom，
I am so glad to hear that you will come to Beijing and visit the Palace Museum. And I am honored to introduce something about it.
The Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing. Dating from the Ming Dynasty, it has a long history. The Palace Museum has collected all kinds of ancient treasures around China, enjoying fame as the top of five greatest palaces in the world. Every year millions of visitors from all over the world visit it and are impressed with its beauty.
I hope you will enjoy yourself during the winter vacation.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I looked around the crowded waiting room at the hospital and sighed. Would the doctor be able to see my eight-year-old son next I couldn't stop shaking as the wound in his forehead was deep.
We were at the hospital because another child had thrown a rock at Luke during the break as he was running around the corner.
Luke received four stitches(缝线).I fought back the urge to cry. For the next two days, his eye was swollen shut and black and blue. I felt like I'd had a nervous breakdown. Every time I tried to sleep or tended to do some housework, horrible thoughts crept into my mind. What if he'd lost his eye What if he'd had brain damage His doctor assured me he was going to be fine, but the what-ifs kept coming. Fear had taken over, and then the fear turned to anger. I was angry with the child who'd thrown the rock. I just couldn't shake it. What was she thinking
Several days later, Luke's teacher called me to see how he was feeling, telling me Katie felt terrible and heartbroken over what had happened. I asked the teacher to make Katie understand she couldn't do that and remind her of the dangers of throwing rocks. The teacher agreed, which made me feel better.
I noticed that as Luke started to heal physically, I wasn't that angry. I thought about Katie and Luke. I wanted to stand up for my son and protect him, but I didn't want to mistreat Katie because I learned from the teacher Katie really was a nice kid and that she was just trying to remove the rock so no other children would trip on it.
One night, Luke's teacher stopped by and dropped off a get-well card that Katie had made. Luke and I read it several times, and I couldn't help but feel a little choked up. It was a sincere apology.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
I wanted this to be a teachable moment for Luke to learn about forgiveness.____________________________________________________
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The next morning, Luke and I waited for Katie with the letter at the school gate._________________________________________________
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One possible version：
I wanted this to be a teachable moment for Luke to learn about forgiveness. I wanted to let go of my own anger, too. I asked Luke if he was ready to forgive Katie. After all, his opinion counted the most. He thought about it for a moment, smiled and said, “Yes.” He knew Katie hadn't done it on purpose. Children don't hold back anger as adults do sometimes. Their hearts are pure, so we wrote Katie a letter together, reading, “We know it was an unfortunate accident. We forgive you, and we hope you forgive yourself.”
The next morning, Luke and I waited for Katie with the letter at the school gate. Finally came Katie. When she spotted us, she paused and forced a smile. Luke went over, handing her the letter. No sooner had she unfolded it than a relieved and happy smile spread across her face, which made Luke feel much better. She ran to give me a big hug. We didn't have to say anything else; we all knew it was forgiveness that was the most important step in healing.INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[过基础　知识巩固]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．Standards in health care have improved enormously(enormous) compared to 40 years ago.
2．Through Internet，kids have regular exposure to violence. It is bad to expose kids to such things and we should make kids exposed to some good books.(expose)
3．Children have a natural tendency(tend) to imitate their parents' behavior.
4．(译林选必一U4) These travelling experiences also nourished his love of nature and inspired him to write numerous poems in the romantic(romance) style.
5．Historians(history) have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusks of mammoths (猛犸象).
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．If a person places money prior to anything else, it's very likely that he can not enjoy the happiness in life.
2．Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer, you will get sunburnt, which can lead to potentially long-term health risks if not properly protected.
3．George is organized, easy?going, hard?working, and intelligent. In a word, I can't think too highly of him.
4．Parents need to keep an eye on their children the whole time while they're playing in the park.
5．On the whole, the celebrations were remarkably good-humored and peaceful.It seemed almost too good to be true.
维度三　完成句子
1．既然你已经满十八周岁了，你应该自己做一些决定。(now that引导原因状语从句)
Now that you have been eighteen years old, you should make some decisions by yourself.
2．我现在联系不到他。要是我知道他的住址就好了。(if only...)
I can't reach him right now. If only I knew his address.
3．这些古老的建筑见证了这座城市在过去两百年里的巨大变化。(无生命名词作主语)
These ancient buildings have seen the great changes of the city in the past 200 years.
4．我看的那个节目确实对我影响很大。(“do/does/did＋动词原形”强调谓语动词)
The show which I watched did have a profound effect on me．
5．我第一次到这个小镇时，就被它的美丽深深吸引了。(the first time引导时间状语从句)
The first time I arrived at the small town, I was deeply attracted by its beauty.
[重教材　群文阅读]
Ⅰ.回溯课文·语段微练
【改编自Developing ideas】
Q1: How did you get interested in Chinese literature
Petko：It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy—The Shaolin Temple. 1.________ I was amazed by Chinese kung fu, of course—everyone loves kung fu, don't they I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and I found that I liked Chinese music, too—I just loved the movie's theme tune, Song of the Shepherd.
Annelous：2.________ When I started high school, I began reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies as my academic major at university.
Joachim：When I was 15 years old, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, or Records of the Grand Historian. 3.________ Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical literature. After reading it, I realised the true genius of China's “Grand Historian”， Sima Qian. His writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.
Mai：4.________ Most of the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English-speaking world, so reading Chinese literature was a stimulating and inspiring experience.
Q2：How do you select works to translate
Petko: 5.________ I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian. Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
A.I became interested in languages at a young age.
B.That movie gave me so many reasons to fall in love with China.
C.After listening to this song, I began to be very interested in Chinese literature.
D.I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator.
E. I would say that I have not read any works of poetry like this before.
F.Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer's epic poems.
G.I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties.
答案：1～5.BAFDG
Ⅱ.融合教材·主题探究
【改编自北师大选必三U8】
The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. Might I hope to be saved？The darkness was intense. I saw a black mass disappearing in the east. It was the boat! I was lost.
“Help, help！” I shouted, swimming towards the boat in desperation. I was sinking! I couldn't breathe! “Help！” My mouth filled with water; I struggled against being drawn deeper, deeper down. Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea; and I heard these words：“If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease.” I grabbed my faithful Conseil's arm with one hand.
“Is it you？” said I．
“Myself，” answered Conseil.
“That crash threw you as well as me into the sea？”
“No; but, being in my master's service, I followed him.”
Conseil was cool and calm. Nevertheless, our situation was no less terrible. Near one o'clock in the morning, I suddenly felt terribly tired. Conseil had to keep me up, and our preservation depended on him alone. “Leave me! Leave me！” I said to him.
“Never！” replied he. “I would drown first.”
“Help! Help！” cried Conseil. It seemed to me as if a cry answered him. There was no mistake! A human voice responded to ours! Then, I know not why, the thought of the strange, terrible animal came into my head for the first time! But that voice! I had almost no strength left; my fingers could hardly move; my mouth, opening and closing, filled with salt water. I became colder and colder. I raised my head for the last time, then I sank.
At this moment a hard body struck me. I held onto it; then I felt that I was being drawn up, that I was brought to the surface of the water, that my chest collapsed—my eyes closed, unconscious. I soon woke up, and half opened my eyes. I saw a face which I immediately recognised.“Ned！” I cried.
1．What was the narrator's first reaction after falling from the boat
A.Stay calm and wait for help.
B.Shout for help and swim towards the boat.
C.Look for Conseil.
D.Try to remember how he fell.
2．Why did Conseil follow the narrator into the sea
A.He was in the narrator's service.
B.He wanted to save the narrator.
C.He was curious about the sea.
D.He was also thrown into the sea by the crash.
3．What did the narrator feel at one o'clock in the morning
A.Energetic.　　　　 B．Excited.
C.Hopeful. D．Terribly tired.
4．What struck the narrator when he was about to sink
A.A soft object. B．A strange animal.
C.A hard body. D．A piece of wood.
答案：1～4.BADC
[过能力　综合提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·河南适应性测试)While climbing the Great Wall is a once-in-a-lifetime dream for many, Jim Spear has taken it a step further, spending nearly 20 years as a villager residing beneath this ancient wonder.
“Never did I dream I would have the chance to visit the Great Wall, let alone live under it，” said Spear, a self-taught architect from the United States.
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Spear's interest in China began during his college days. It deepened when he met Tang, a Chinese girl, in 1980, and they got married two years later. In 1986, he decided to drop out of his doctoral studies in Chinese politics at the University of California and moved to China “to get to the heart of things”. “I realized that if I became a scholar of China, based overseas, I wouldn't be able to experience what was happening in China，” Spear said.
In 1995, the couple secured a long?term rent of a traditional village farmhouse in Mutianyu and decided to make it their full?time home ten years later. Shortly after possessing full-time village life, he rented an abandoned schoolhouse and transformed it into a restaurant and art glass factory for a sustainable tourism business. He also turned a former factory into a hotel and helped renovate (翻新) over 20 households into restaurants. Besides, he explored other ways to support those residents in rural areas. “I want to do something for them，” Spear said.
Spear's designs reflect his natural talent for fusing (使融合) traditional and modern elements, adopting the Great Wall style. However, Spear emphasized his approach involves creating designs and views “that echo (映现) the Great Wall, not copy it”. In 2014, Spear received the Great Wall Friendship Award from the Beijing government.
Talking about the future, Spear sees abundant possibilities in China, driven by significant domestic demand and a growing emphasis on preserving historic structures.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了吉姆·斯皮尔因为对中国感兴趣，与来自中国的妻子一起体验了长城脚下中国人的生活，并用自己的设计天赋为当地人做出贡献的故事。
1．What do we know about Spear from the first two paragraphs
A.He likes to climb the Great Wall.
B.He came to China when he was 18.
C.He once dreamed of becoming a villager.
D.He has lived beneath the Great Wall for years.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Jim Spear has taken it a．..beneath this ancient wonder”和第二段内容可知，斯皮尔之前从没想过自己能到长城旅游，更别说住在长城脚下，而他在长城脚下的村庄里生活了近20年。
2．What's Spear's purpose of moving to China when he was in college
A.To see a real China.
B.To marry a Chinese girl.
C.To work as an architect.
D.To study Chinese politics.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I realized that...experience what was happening in China”可知，斯皮尔上大学时来到中国的目的是看看真正的中国。
3．What is special about Spear's designs
A.They are inspired by rural residents.
B.They copy the style of the Great Wall.
C.They have received a world?wide prize.
D.They connect the past with the present.
D　解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Spear's designs reflect his natural talent for fusing traditional and modern elements, adopting the Great Wall style.”可知，他的设计采用了长城风格，融合了传统和现代元素，即连接了过去和现在。
4．What will Spear possibly plan to do in the future
A.Continue to engage in cultural exchange.
B.Work for another award in structure preserving.
C.Find more ways to support the rural residents.
D.Conduct further study into historic structures in China.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，斯皮尔未来可能会继续研究中国历史上著名的建筑物。
B
The first set of Chinese stories presented in English scripts (剧本), titled Stories of China: Performed in English, was officially published by Foreign Languages Press. Planned by the New Channel International Education Group with the participation of playwrights from China，the United Kingdom and the United States, the book provides a new way for young people to learn English while inheriting (传承) and spreading Chinese culture.
The book contains 20 English scripts in novel formats covering a wide range of subjects. Unlike the most common English scripts for young readers on the market that are based on adaptations of European and American stories, those presented in this book are unique for being based on classic Chinese stories，readapted and written in English. The book is divided into first to third grades in terms of grammar and vocabulary difficulty, making it suitable for young English learners from primary school to junior and high school.
All the scripts in the book are written by top playwrights with elegant, pure and vivid language. The scripts are provided with a summary of the story in both Chinese and English, so that readers can fully understand the plot as well as the history and culture behind it. Readers can not only improve their English skills through immersive (沉浸式的) reading and performance but also appreciate Chinese culture.
Hu Min, English education expert and founder of the New Channel, said the combination of traditional culture and English teaching has become a trend, guiding young people to bring their own wisdom and deep cultural heritage to tell Chinese stories to the world. New Channel will offer special courses on Stories of China：Performed in English in its many schools across the country, and cooperate with primary and secondary schools in Beijing and Shanghai to offer English drama courses on a trial basis. Hu believes the courses will set off a new wave of enthusiastic learning among young people.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《用英语演中国故事》这本书，该书由中、英、美三国剧作家共同参与编写，为年轻人提供了一种在传承和传播中国文化的同时学习英语的新方式。
5．Why was Stories of China：Performed in English published
A.To offer English drama courses on a trial basis.
B.To make foreign students enjoy Chinese culture.
C.To advertise some of the top playwrights in China.
D.To improve English learning and circulate Chinese culture.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the book provides a new way... and spreading Chinese culture”可知，这本书的出版是为了促进年轻人的英语学习，传播中国文化。
6．What do we know about the book
A.It's been published by a foreign press.
B.It stands out for its unique writing style.
C.It introduces classic Chinese stories.
D.It's been popular in various schools.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unlike the most common English... readapted and written in English.”可知，这本书是将中国经典故事改编为英文版本，因此，这本书介绍的是中国经典故事。
7．What's Hu Min's attitude towards the courses to be offered
A.Hopeful.　　　　　　 B.Doubtful.
C.Objective. D．Conservative.
A　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Hu believes the courses will set off a new wave of enthusiastic learning among young people.”可知，胡敏对将要开设的课程是充满希望的。
8．In which section of a magazine might the passage appear
A.Business. B．Lifestyle.
C.Culture. D．Politics.
C　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了《用英语演中国故事》这本书；根据第一段中的“the book provides...inheriting and spreading Chinese culture”可知，这本书的出版是为了促进英语学习，传播中国文化。因此这篇文章很有可能出现在一本杂志的文化部分。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·中山高二检测)I didn't use to understand why everyone liked pandas so much. I thought they got so much attention only because they were 1 ．But my trip with the Chinese Felid Conservation Alliance (中国猫科动物保护联盟) 2 changed my opinion.
Our destination was the Baishuihe Conservation District in Sichuan Province.The Conservation District used to have a panda 3 ， but since the earthquake in 2008, no pandas had been 4 ．The goal of our 5 was to go deep into the Conservation District and set up a wildlife camera there.
On our first day, we set out in the morning and climbed until 4 in the afternoon.Upon setting up our camp, I unrolled my sleeping bag and was so 6 as to fall asleep immediately.The rest of the team was still busy making a 7 ， but I was already dead to the world, only 8 that the fire's heat made it nice and warm.Carrying our sleeping bags, we hiked along a 9 path in the deep mountains for two more 10 .
During that trip, I learned a lot about pandas.It 11 that pandas aren't the way they appear in zoos.Instead, they have a(n) 12 ability to survive and can live comfortably in those 13 conditions, where I thought I was going to fall over and die.
The 14 has been doing its job this whole time.Although we didn't get any panda pictures the first year, we did 15 in the second year.That was the first time since the earthquake that pandas had been seen in the Baishuihe Conservation District.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者跟随中国猫科动物保护联盟，为了收集野生熊猫的图片资料，到自然保护区安装野外摄像机的故事。
1．A.cute　　　　　　　　 B．wild
C.dangerous D．extinct
A　解析：根据常识可知，熊猫是可爱的，所以作者猜想大家喜欢熊猫是因为它们可爱(cute)。
2．A.creatively B．totally
C.formally D．equally
B　解析：根据句中的转折词But及“changed my opinion” 可知，此处表示这次旅行完全(totally)改变了作者的看法。
3．A.competition B．population
C.organization D．destination
B　解析：根据下文“but...no pandas”可知，以前这里有大熊猫族群(population)。
4．A.buried B．injured
C.described D．sighted
D　解析：根据上文“but since the earthquake in 2008, no pandas had been”可推知，2008年以后，在这片区域再没有看到(sight)过大熊猫。
5．A.trip B．program
C.struggle D．life
A　解析：根据上文“my trip with the Chinese Felid Conservation Alliance”可知，此处指的是作者这次的旅行(trip)。
6．A.absorbed B．annoyed
C.bored D．tired
D　解析：根据上文“On our first day, we set out in the morning and climbed until 4 in the afternoon.”可知，作者爬了一天的山，已经很疲惫(tired)了。
7．A.fire B．hole
C.difference D．proposal
A　解析：根据下文the fire's heat可知，他们在生火(fire)。
8．A.protesting B．assuming
C.noticing D．proving
C　解析：根据下文“the fire's heat made it nice and warm”可知，作者已经累得麻木了，只注意到(notice)火的热量使它变得温暖宜人。
9．A.flat B．straight
C.challenging D．amazing
C　解析：根据下文“in the deep mountains”可知，这条小路并不好走，充满了挑战(challenging)。
10．A.hours B．days
C.weeks D．months
B　解析：根据上文“On our first day”可知，作者又走了两天(day)。
11．A.matters B．happens
C.comes about D．turns out
D　解析：根据下文“that pandas aren't the way they appear in zoos” 可知，事实证明(turn out)，熊猫并不是它们在动物园里出现的样子。
12．A.amazing B．similar
C.limited D．false
A　解析：根据下文“survive and can live comfortably”及“where I thought I was going to fall over and die”可知，野外的生存环境很恶劣(terrible)，但是熊猫依然舒适地生活着，说明它们有惊人的(amazing)生存能力。
13．A.economic B．terrible
C.common D．suitable
B　解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.panda B．camp
C.camera D．zoo
C　解析：根据上文“set up a wildlife camera”可知，摄像机(camera)安装好后一直在进行摄像工作。
15．A.relax B．retire
C.survive D．succeed
D　解析：根据上文“Although we didn't get any panda pictures the first year”可知，尽管第一年没拍到任何熊猫的照片，但第二年成功(succeed)拍到了。INCLUDEPICTURE "英WYXZXBX4Unit3LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英WYXZXBX4Unit3LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
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1．gateway　　A．the point when sb./sth. is best,
most successful, strongest, etc.
2．statue B．a place through which you can go
to reach another larger place
3．religious C．a figure of a person or an animal
in stone, metal, etc.
4．peak D．the amount or way that sth.
covers an area
5．strengthen E．connected with religion or with a
particular religion
6．coverage F．to become stronger; to make sb./
sth. stronger
答案：1～5.BCEAF　6.D
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Activity 1　Reading for Genre and Structure
1．Genre：________
A.Travel Brochure (旅游手册).
B.Tour Commentary (导游解说).
C.Blog (博客).
答案：B
2．Structure and Clue：
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答案：(1)commercial　(2)destination　(3)optimism
(4)scrolls　(5)global crossroads
Activity 2　Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
It mainly talks about the introduction of Dunhuang and caves in Mogao Grottoes．
Activity 3　Reading for Details
1．Read Part 1 and answer the following question.
Why does Dunhuang enjoy a glorious history
A.Because it is a green island in the middle of the desert.
B.Because it is a world-class tourist destination.
C.Because it has a favourable geographical position on the old Silk Road.
D.Because it is a center of cultural and political exchange.
答案：C
2．Read Part 2 and answer the following question.
How many years have Mogao Grottoes been carved
A.More than 700 years.
B.Over a period of 1，000 years.
C.From 405 AD to 1002 AD.
D.Since the Ming Dynasty.
答案：B
3．Read Part 3 and answer the following questions.
(1)Which of the following is NOT the feature of Apsaras
A.Sailing in the bright blue sky.
B.Playing musical instruments.
C.Flying scarves.
D.Famous people.
答案：D
(2)What can we learn about the Apsaras
A.Their subjects are all about western stories.
B.They were used to decorate the top of caves.
C.They can only be seen in Dunhuang.
D.They were created in the Tang Dynasty.
答案：C
(3)What can be inferred about the Library Cave
A.The cave was sealed in 1900.
B.The scrolls in the cave are in quite good condition.
C.Goods were exported to Africa at that time.
D.The reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years was revealed.
答案：B
4．Read Part 4 and answer the following questions.
(1)Why was Dunhuang not so famous as before in the Ming Dynasty
A.People were tired of Dunhuang.
B.Many caves were destroyed.
C.Trade routes changed.
D.Many treasures were sold out.
答案：C
(2)What makes Dunhuang a global crossroads again
A.People's attraction by murals.
B.The old Silk Road.
C.The Silk Road International Cultural Expo.
D.The Belt and Road Initiative.
答案：D
(3)Why was Dunhuang the ideal place for the 2017 Silk Road International Cultural Expo
A.It was consistent with the theme.
B.Its location was important.
C.It was prosperous as before.
D.It was the most attractive city to visitors.
答案：A
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On the old Silk Road, Dunhuang was the gateway 1.to and from Ancient China and a place where East met West.
Dunhuang's long and glorious history 2.represents(represent) its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination 3.boasting(boast) sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status, of which a famous tourist 4.attraction(attract) is the Mogao Grottoes. The paintings and other artworks in these caves display how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Among the Dunhuang murals, a unique type shows the Apsaras. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty and these 5.images(image) are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time.
In a 6.sealed(seal) cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. These hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang 7.when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.
In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as 8.prosperous(prosper) as it used to be. 9.Fortunately(fortunate), this century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative. Dunhuang has once again become 10.a global crossroads.
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If you were a tour guide, how would you recommend Dunhuang to the people across the world
_________________________________________________________
答案：Open answers.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．oasis n.　　　　　 A．神
2．boast v. B．陶瓷制品
3．grotto n. C．(地方、机构等)自豪地拥
有(好的事物)
4．mural n. D．展览会，博览会
5．religious adj. E．小洞穴
6．immortal n. F．活动中心，汇集地
7．heavenly adj. G．(沙漠中的)绿洲
8．scroll n. H．壁画
9．ceramics n. I．天国的
10．crossroads n. J．宗教的
11．expo n. K．纸卷，卷轴
答案：1～5.GCEHJ　6～10.AIKBF　11.D
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．the gateway to success　 通往成功之路
2．a glorious history 一段辉煌的历史
3．a bronze statue 一尊铜像
4．a mountain peak 一座山峰
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．strengthen v．加强→strength n．力量；力气→strong adj.坚强的；强壮的→strongly adv.强有力地；坚强地
2．coverage n．覆盖范围→cover v．覆盖
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．The environmental movement is testimony to(是……的证明) the widespread feelings of support for nature's importance.
2．Shijing is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, comprising some 300 poems dating from(追溯到) the 11th to the 7th century BCE.
3．All important documents were sealed up(密封) in envelopes and stored in a secure location to ensure their safety.
4．The old memories of our childhood have faded from(从……逐渐消失) my mind, leaving only a vague impression of those happy and innocent days we spent together.
5．As we know, beautiful and fresh flowers can bring a dull room to life(使……焕发生机).
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
A.根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
Now, we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves, of which there are more than 700(敦煌有700多个洞窟).(Para.2)
2．with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying(他们披巾飘飘), as if they are about to fly down to meet us.(Para.3)
[分析]　此句中还含有as if引导的方式状语从句。
3．完全倒装
In a sealed cave(在一个封闭的洞窟里), now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden(藏有) thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries.(Para.4)
4. “not as/so＋形容词/副词＋as...”意为“和……不一样、不如……”
In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be(不再像从前那样繁华).(Para.5)
5．given that引导原因状语从句
Given that(鉴于) the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.(Para.6)
[分析]　此句中还含有动词不定式作表语。
B.根据汉语提示并使用以上句式结构完成下面的小短文
We live in a global world 1.in which we sometimes need cross-cultural communication(有时我们需要跨文化交流). In this globalized world, understanding diverse cultures is key. 2.With people from various backgrounds(有来自不同背景的人), communication becomes complex, where misunderstandings arise due to differences. 3.Given that not all customs are as familiar as our own(考虑到并不是所有的习俗都像我们自己本国的一样熟悉), it's crucial to approach with openness. 4.At the forefront of cross-cultural exchanges stands empathy(跨文化交流的最前沿是同理心), guiding us through unfamiliar territories.
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INCLUDEPICTURE "N1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "N1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【层级一　高频词汇诠释】
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　date from (＝date back to)　追溯到……
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①(教材P36)Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.
这些隐藏的宝藏可以追溯到公元405年至公元1002年，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。
②(译林选必二U3)There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.
有证据表明，针刺疗法可以追溯到石器时代，当时人们用一种叫作“砭”的石器来按压身体的各个部位。
out of date　　　　　　 过时的；陈旧的
up to date 最新式的；现代的
to date＝so far 至今；到目前为止
fix/set a date for 确定……的日期
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单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is Confucius Temple which dates(date) back to 478 BCE.
背诵点 应用文写作之推荐信
(2)Would you mind if I suggest setting a date for the outing next Sunday afternoon？
背诵点 应用文写作之道歉信
(3)(译林必修三U3)I brought them up to date (最新的) with what was going on in my life. We had never felt closer to each other.
(4)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)The printed book is not totally out of date(过时的)．
(5)始于大约200年前的京剧是中国传统戏剧的一种形式，它被看作是中国文化的一个象征。(弘扬传统文化)
Peking Opera dating back to about 200 years ago is a form of traditional Chinese theatre, which is considered as a symbol of Chinese culture.
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2ALLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2ALLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
　strengthen　v.加强，(使)变强；增强(体质)
INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①(教材P36)Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.　鉴于本次博览会的主题是促进文化交流和加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作，敦煌正是理想的会址。
②(人教必修二U5)Music gave me happiness. When I listened to music, it made my spirits fly like a kite in the wind. Music gave me strength and brought me relief.
音乐给了我快乐。当我听音乐的时候，它让我的心情放飞，像风中的风筝。音乐给予我力量，也让我得到解脱。
(1)strength n.　　　　　　 [U]力量，体力；
[C]长处，强项
have the strength to do 有做……的力气/意志力
build up one's strength 增强某人的体质
(2)strong adj. 坚强的；强壮的
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(2022·浙江卷1月读后续写)Knowing my strengths(strength) and weaknesses all too well, I decided to focus on the task of working with the subjects.
(2)最后但同样重要的是，通过我的介绍和努力，我相信我能够加深中英之间的友谊。
Last but not least，through my introduction and efforts, I believe I can strengthen the friendship between China and Britain．
背诵点 应用文写作之申请信
(3)练习中国功夫不仅可以增强体质，还可以培养一个人的品质。(个人发展与提升)
Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character.
【层级二　中频词汇积累】
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　coverage　n.覆盖范围；新闻报道
cover v.　　　　　　　 覆盖，掩盖；涉及；报道；
足以支付；占(面积)；
行走(一段路程)
cover...with... 用……覆盖……
be covered with/by... 被……覆盖
[微练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Jonson began writing about sports as a second-year student at the University of Colorado, covering(cover) high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper.
(2)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage(cover).
(3)The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5，500-metre Yulong Snow mountain, its peak covered(cover) with snow.
(4)一听到他没有通过考试，丹用手捂住脸哭了起来。
On hearing that he didn't pass the exam, Dan covered his face with his hands and wept.
背诵点 读后续写之动作描写
【层级三　低频词汇拾遗】
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　glorious　adj. 辉煌的
①(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong to royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3 000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从布局上看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环路。
②(译林选必一U4) Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, a time of economic boom and social stability.
李白成长于唐代最辉煌的时期，经济繁荣，社会稳定。
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2LLL半.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2LLL半.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
　statue　n.雕像；塑像
①(人教必修一U2)Come and see the Terracotta Army：more than 8，000 statues were made in the third century BCE to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang!
欢迎来观赏兵马俑：8 000多座雕像，制作于公元前3世纪，旨在守卫中国的秦始皇陵！
②(经典例句)The ancient statue stands as a silent witness to the passage of time and the rise and fall of civilizations.
这座古老的雕像静静地见证着时间的流逝和文明的兴衰。
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　peak　n.高峰，顶点
①(译林选必三U1) To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.
太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山峰和被冰川水流侵蚀而成的深谷。
②(译林选必三U4) At its peak, many other items were contributed to the marketplace of goods.
在其鼎盛时期，许多其他物品也为商品市场做出了贡献。
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INCLUDEPICTURE "圈ALLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈ALLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
　with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
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①(教材P35)The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们披巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。
②(译林必修三U3)The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce, more commonly known as e-commerce.
电子商务，即更为人所熟知的电商，提供各种各样的商品和服务，互联网也因此让我们的生活变得异常便利。
教材原句中的“with their scarves flying”是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构。该结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。
常见的“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构：
(1)with＋宾语＋doing (doing表主动或正在进行的动作)；
(2)with＋宾语＋done (done表被动或已完成的动作)；　
(3)with＋宾语＋to do (to do表将来的动作)；
(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.(表宾语的性质或状态)。
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单句语法填空/句式升级
(1)(2023·全国甲卷)And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.
(2)(北师大选必四U12)Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”， with all the different countries linked(link) in the chain of common interests.
(3)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写) With just two minutes to spare(spare) we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus.
(4)You helped me with my English, so I have made such great progress that I feel more confident in communicating with others in English now.(个人发展与提升)
→With you helping me with my English, I have made such great progress that I feel more confident in communicating with others in English now.(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)　
背诵点 应用文写作之感谢信
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Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．the gateway to　　　　 通向……(更大地区) 的门户
2．Dunhuang's long and glorious history
敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史
3．a world-class tourist destination
世界级旅游胜地
4．look around 环顾四周；寻找；参观
5．cover an area of 覆盖/占地(多少面积)
6．take a look at 看一看
7．play musical instruments 演奏乐器
8．be full of life 栩栩如生；充满生气/生机
9．give sb. a picture of 向某人描绘/展现了……的画面
10．to name just a few 仅举几例
11．a trade route 贸易路线
12．promote cultural exchange 促进文化交流
13．move on to sth. 开始做(别的事)；换话题
14．a travel brochure 旅行手册
15．ahead of 在……前面；早于
16．cultural and commercial exchange
文化和商业往来
17．carve sth. out of sth. 用某物雕刻成某物
18．get a better view 看得更清楚
19．be unique to (某地、某人或某民族)
独具的；特有的
20．in more detail 更为详细
21．reach a peak 达到顶峰(状态)；到达顶点
22．a stone's throw 一箭之遥；附近
23．a vast range of 各种各样的……
24．remain a mystery 仍是个谜
25．the Belt and Road Initiative
“一带一路”倡议
26．strengthen mutual cooperation
加强相互合作
Ⅱ.品句填词
1．(人教必修一U2)It's amazing that there are more than 8，000 statues(塑像), and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s.
2．Taking exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to stay away from the virus. It can strengthen(使变强) your heart and ensure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body.
3．One of the glorious(辉煌的) moments in my school life was when I won the first prize in the national English speech contest.
4．On the corner of the crossroads(十字路口) lies a shopping mall, where you can get everything you need.
5．The online course offers good coverage(覆盖范围) of all the subjects in the College Entrance Examination.
Ⅲ.词块运用
1．Seal up(密封) the cans and put them in the fridge, or the food in them will get bad.
2．The White Horse Temple, dating from(追溯到) the Eastern Han Dynasty, has a history of more than 1，900 years.
3．The new park covers an area of(覆盖) 10 hectares，providing ample space for recreational activities.
4．The Great Wall is testimony to(是……的证明) the wisdom and perseverance of ancient Chinese people, showcasing their remarkable achievements in architecture and engineering.
5．With time going by, most of childhood memories have faded from(从……逐渐消失) her mind, but the joy and laughter shared with friends still linger on.Period 4　Writing
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INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 写作一　应用文写作——关于中国的旅游景点的推荐信
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假定你是李华，你的朋友塞琳娜(Selena)给你发邮件说想要来中国旅游，请你给她推荐一次“泰山行”，内容包括：
1.泰山的简介；
2.推荐泰山的原因；
3.期盼她的到来。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Selena，
Hearing that you will come to China for a travel, I am quiet excited._______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
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1．考虑到天气情况，我强烈建议你去爬泰山。
Taking the weather condition into account, I strongly advise you to climb Mount Tai.
2．泰山位于山东省中部。
Mount Tai is located in the middle of Shandong Province.
3．它是黄河流域古代文化的发源地之一。
It is one of the birthplaces of the ancient culture along the Yellow River basin.
4．泰山被誉为“五岳”之首。
Mount Tai is regarded as the head of the Five Great Mountains.
5．泰山风景区有多处古遗址。
There are a lot of ancient historic sites in Mount Tai scenic spot.
6．它们为研究中国古代历史提供了大量重要的物证。
They provide plenty of important material evidences to make researches on ancient Chinese history.
7．泰山不只是一座风景山，更是一座文化之山。
Mount Tai is not only a mountain of scenery, but also a mountain of culture.
INCLUDEPICTURE "step3LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "step3LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
8．【读教材原句】　(教材P12)Presented with two job offers, for instance, we may wonder exactly what it is we're choosing between.
【记句式】　过去分词作状语
【学仿写】　用过去分词作状语合并句2和句3
Located in the middle of Shandong Province, Mount Tai is one of the birthplaces of the ancient culture along the Yellow River basin.
9．【读教材原句】　(教材P3) Although some of his historical novels were published, their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day.
【记句式】　which引导非限制性定语从句
【学仿写】　用which引导非限制性定语从句合并句5和句6
There are a lot of ancient historic sites in Mount Tai scenic spot, which provide plenty of important material evidences to make researches on ancient Chinese history.
INCLUDEPICTURE "step4LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "step4LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Dear Selena，
Hearing that you will come to China for a travel, I am quiet excited._______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Selena，
Hearing that you will come to China for a travel，I am quite excited. Taking the weather condition into account, I strongly advise you to climb Mount Tai.
Located in the middle of Shandong Province, Mount Tai is one of the birthplaces of the ancient culture along the Yellow River basin. Mount Tai is regarded as the head of the Five Great Mountains.There are a lot of ancient historic sites in Mount Tai scenic spot, which provide plenty of important material evidences to make researches on ancient Chinese history. Mount Tai is not only a mountain of scenery, but also a mountain of culture.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
INCLUDEPICTURE "实战演练LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "实战演练LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
假定你是李华，你的加拿大笔友皮特(Peter)七月份要带父母来成都旅游，发邮件向你咨询相关信息。请回信向他介绍：
1．一处成都景点；
2．一道成都美食。
注意：1.词数80 左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to learn that_______________________________________.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to learn that you are planning to visit Chengdu with your parents in July. I'm writing to offer some information to you.
One of the tourist attractions you can't miss is the Dujiangyan Dam. Dating from over 2，000 years ago, it is used for irrigation and has benefited people around Chengdu. Besides, if you want to explore the food here, the egg cake is worth trying. With various fillings to choose from, you are sure to find one that suits your taste.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 写作二　读后续写强效篇——海难中唯一的幸存者在荒岛上求生
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人类的感觉包括视觉、听觉、触觉(直接触觉和心理)、嗅觉和味觉。写作中运用视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉和味觉五种感官来描述环境或场景，能使读者更全面地感受到作者想要表达的内容。通过具体的细节描写，让读者代入到作者所描述的环境中，增强语言的感染力和真实性。
请在横线上填出下列描写自然环境或社会环境的句子对应的五感
1．Beautiful stars were dancing ballet around in the deep blue sky.视觉
2．Birds were singing joyously at the break of dawn.听觉
3．It seemed as if I was burning as I stood under the hot afternoon sun.触觉
4．Although darkness had set in, the night was still full of a mix of music and happy whispers, together with the smell of summer flowers.听觉；嗅觉
5．I used all my might to hold the umbrella against the strong wind and rain, pouring down heavily.触觉
6．The beeping of her alarm clock broke the silence of the morning.听觉
7．The smell of food from the kitchen was so pleasant that my mouth watered.嗅觉
8．I immediately jumped back on my bed when my feet touched the icy cold hard floor.触觉
9．The little girl licked at her ice-cream contentedly as she followed her mother around.味觉
10．The whole room was sparkling clean and the floors were as shiny as a mirror reflection.视觉
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阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]The waves crashed heavily against the rocks, the stormy sea swallowing the once-powerful ship. The only survivor of the shipwreck was brought by the currents to the shore of a small, uninhabited island. His desperate cries for help mixed with the roar of the storm, only to be swallowed by the ocean.
[2]Exhausted and disoriented, he lay on the sandy beach, thanking whatever forces had saved his life. After he surveyed the surroundings, he realized the harsh reality of his isolation. He prayed to God and scanned the horizon for any sign of rescue, but no help appeared. In the midst of despair, he gradually awakened to the fact that he had to survive on this uninhabited island on his own. Driven by great determination, the survivor managed to build a shelter with the driftwood to protect him from the elements, and to store his few possessions.
[3]Days turned into weeks, and weeks into months. The survivor, once stuck in his isolation, started exploring the island's hidden treasures. His routine became a dull cycle of hunting for food, collecting rainwater, and scanning the horizon for any sign of rescue. But the vast expanse of the ocean offered no comfort, no ship on the horizon to save him.
[4]Despite his loneliness, the survivor clung to hope. The sunrises brought a glimmer of optimism, and he kept scanning the horizon, searching for any trace of rescue.
[5]Then, one fateful day, as he returned from a fruitless search for food, he was greeted by a devastating sight—his shelter was on fire, and the smoke was rolling up to the sky! The worst had happened—the fire had consumed all his possessions, leaving him nothing but the clothes on his back. Desperation and disbelief seized him as he watched the smoke rise to the sky, a cruel demonstration of his misfortune.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
“God, how could you do this to me！” he cried.
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The rescuers explained that they had seen the smoke signal from the burning shelter._______________________________________________
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【Settings背景】
When&Where [1]The only survivor of the shipwreck was brought by the currents to the shore of a small, uninhabited island．
【Characters角色】
Who the only survivor of the shipwreck
【Plots情节】
What [2]Exhausted and disoriented, he lay on the sandy beach, thanking whatever forces had saved his life.[2]Driven by great determination, the survivor managed to build a shelter with the driftwood to protect him from the elements, and to store his few possessions.[3]His routine became a dull cycle of hunting for food, collecting rainwater, and scanning the horizon for any sign of rescue. [5]Then, one fateful day, as he returned from a fruitless search for food, he was greeted by a devastating sight．
Why [1]The waves crashed heavily against the rocks, the stormy sea swallowing the once-powerful ship．
【Feelings情感】
How [2]In the midst of despair, he gradually awakened to the fact that he had to survive on this uninhabited island on his own.[4]Despite his loneliness, the survivor clung to hope. [5]Desperation and disbelief seized him as he watched the smoke rise to the sky, a cruel demonstration of his misfortune.
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Theme(正能量原则) The only survivor of the shipwreck managed to build a shelter on a small, uninhabited island. A sudden fire destroyed everything. However, the smoke led the rescuers to the island. The survivor was saved and he realized that it's crucial not to lose heart even in the darkest moments.
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每段三个微情节(Q & A策略)：注重衔接和冲突解决原则
第一段段首句：“God, how could you do this to me！” he cried.
[Question 1]　How did he feel
[Answer]　Desperate and sad.
[Question 2]　What did he do
[Answer]　In the depths of despair, he slept restlessly.
[Question 3]　What woke him up
[Answer]　The sound of a rescue ship woke him up.
第二段段首句：The rescuers explained that they had seen the smoke signal from the burning shelter.
[Question 1]　What did he realize
[Answer]　The sudden fire had unintentionally become a beacon that guided the rescue.
[Question 2]　What did he do next
[Answer]　He boarded the rescue ship and left the island.
[Question 3]　What lesson did he learn
[Answer]　Never lose heart even in the darkest moments.
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遣词造句：五感描写自然环境和社会环境
语言协同原则：应用高级词汇、句型和语法结构
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1．The waves crashed heavily against the rocks, the stormy sea swallowing the once-powerful ship.(视觉描写自然环境)
2．His desperate cries for help mixed with the roar of the storm, only to be swallowed by the ocean.(听觉描写社会环境和自然环境)
3．He was greeted by a devastating sight—his shelter was on fire, and the smoke was rolling up to the sky! (视觉描写自然环境)
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1．当他跪倒在地时，痛苦和绝望的哭声在空中回响，泪水与咸咸的海风交织在一起。
Cries of misery and desperation echoed through the air as he fell to his knees, tears mingling with the salty sea wind．(听觉描写社会环境；味觉描写自然环境)
2．但当黎明的第一缕曙光照亮天空时，他被一艘接近小岛的船的声音吵醒了。
But as the first rays of dawn painted the sky, he was awakened by the sound of a ship that was approaching the island.(视觉描写自然环境；听觉描写社会环境)
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1．他的祈祷似乎没有得到回应，现在，就连他辛辛苦苦建造的避难所也成了废墟。
His prayers were seemingly unanswered, and now, even the shelter he had painstakingly constructed lay in ruins. (定语从句)
2．大火不仅烧毁了他毅力的有形证据，也烧毁了让他继续前进的脆弱希望。
Not only did the fire consume the tangible evidence of his perseverance, but also the fragile hope that had kept him going. (not only位于句首引起部分倒装)
3．当救援人员站在他面前时，他疲惫的眼睛里夹杂着怀疑和希望。
Disbelief mingled with hope in his weary eyes when rescuers stood before him. (无生命名词作主语)
4．幸存者突然意识到，他失去了微薄的财产和住所，这似乎是一场悲剧，却无意中成为引导救援的灯塔。
It dawned on the survivor that what seemed like a tragedy, the loss of his meager possessions and shelter, had unintentionally become a beacon that guided the rescue. (what引导主语从句)
5．这艘船载着幸存者走向新的篇章，幸存者带着一个坚定的信念：有时希望会从灰烬中出现，所以即使在最黑暗的时刻也不要灰心，这一点至关重要。
The ship carried the survivor towards a new chapter and the survivor carried with him a firm belief that sometimes hope could emerge from the ashes, so it's crucial not to lose heart even in the darkest moments. (that引导同位语从句)
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“God, how could you do this to me！” he cried.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
The rescuers explained that they had seen the smoke signal from the burning shelter._______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
“God, how could you do this to me！” he cried. Cries of misery and desperation echoed through the air as he fell to his knees, tears mingling with the salty sea wind. His prayers were seemingly unanswered, and now, even the shelter he had painstakingly constructed lay in ruins. Not only did the fire consume the tangible evidence of his perseverance, but also the fragile hope that had kept him going. In the depths of despair, the survivor slept restlessly. But as the first rays of dawn painted the sky, he was awakened by the sound of a ship that was approaching the island. Disbelief mingled with hope in his weary eyes when rescuers stood before him. Bewildered, he asked, “How did you know I was here？”
The rescuers explained that they had seen the smoke signal from the burning shelter. It dawned on the survivor that what seemed like a tragedy, the loss of his meager possessions and shelter, had unintentionally become a beacon that guided the rescue. As he boarded the ship, leaving the island behind, the survivor looked back one last time. The island, now fading into the horizon, as well as the burnt remains of the shelter stood as the witness of his perseverance.The ship carried the survivor towards a new chapter and the survivor carried with him a firm belief that sometimes hope could emerge from the ashes, so it's crucial not to lose heart even in the darkest moments.INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[过基础　知识巩固]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．Not only can the activity build up our strength，but it also can strengthen the relationship between us. (strong)
2．Online sales of products from rural areas have grown dramatically thanks to the rapid expansion of Internet coverage(cover) in the countryside.
3．They are determined to spare no efforts to scale the peaks (peak) in science and technology.
4．It is important to respect local cultures and religious(religion) beliefs when travelling abroad.
5．The other day we paid a visit to an ancient building built in Rome, dating(date) back to the sixth century.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．The four great inventions of Ancient China are testimony to people's intelligence in Ancient China.
2．Fingerprints are unique to every individual, so they are often used by the police to identify criminals.
3．Hong Kong Airport, “the Gateway to the World”， as it proudly calls itself, is one of the busiest airports in the world.
4．The museum's collections bring this heritage back to life with a fascinating blend of working and static displays.
5．We need to seal up the cracks in the roof to prevent water leakage during the rainy season.
维度三　完成句子/句型转换
1．他的英语说得不如他哥哥流利，但他每天都在进步。(not as/so＋形容词/副词＋as...)
He doesn't speak English as/so fluently as his brother, but he is still making progress every day.
2．考虑到缺乏经验的情况，他们已经做得不错了。(given that引导原因状语从句)
Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.
3．在这座山的顶部，矗立着一座可追溯至唐朝的古庙。(完全倒装)
On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple dating back to/dating from the Tang Dynasty.
4．中国有许多值得参观的地方，其中西安是最显著的一个。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
There are many great places to visit in China，among which Xi'an is the most significant one．
5．Because he focused his attention on his homework, he didn't know what was happening outside.
→With his attention focused on his homework, he didn't know what was happening outside.(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
[重教材　群文阅读]
Ⅰ.回溯课文·语段微练
【改编自Understanding ideas】
The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural that is unique 1 Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”. 2 of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers 3 the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are 4 sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, 5 and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a 6 during the Tang Dynasty; these 7 are full of life, reflecting the confidence and 8 of people from that time.
1．A.for　　　　　　　　　 B．about
C.to D．with
2．A.Constructions B．Representations
C.Changes D．Arrangements
3．A.decorate B．show
C.reflect D．build
4．A.cast B．carved
C.depicted D．photoed
5．A.jumping B．asking
C.swimming D．dancing
6．A.peak B．point
C.level D．place
7．A.statues B．images
C.writings D．caves
8．A.prejudice B．arrogance
C.pessimism D．optimism
答案：1～5.CBACD　6～8.ABD
Ⅱ.融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教选必二U2】
Six months ago, 19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time that she had left China.“I was very excited but also quite nervous. I didn't know what to expect，” Xie Lei recalled.
Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. “I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve my English. My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation，” she explained.
At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country.“You have to get used to a whole new life，” she said.“I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn't know the English names for. When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar with. I ask them to repeat themselves a lot！”
Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. “When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family，” Xie Lei said.“When there's something I don't know or understand, I can ask them. They are also keen to learn about China. Laura, the daughter of my host family, wants to study in China in the future. We take turns to cook each evening. They really love my stir-fried tomatoes and eggs! Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it, too.”
Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people. Her tutor advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.
1．Why did Xie Lei choose the exchange programme
A.To have a year-long vacation.
B.To learn about global business and improve her English.
C.To make friends with foreign students.
D.To live with a host family.
2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A.Xie Lei's difficulties in learning English.
B.Xie Lei's adaptation to life in a different country.
C.Xie Lei's experience of getting lost.
D.Xie Lei's interaction with passers-by.
3．What can we infer from the passage about Xie Lei's host family
A.They are not interested in China.
B.They are impatient with Xie Lei.
C.They are helpful to Xie Lei.
D.They don't like Chinese food.
4．What did Xie Lei's tutor advise her to do
A.Copy other people's ideas.
B.Avoid citing other people's ideas.
C.Read a lot and form her own opinion.
D.Write essays without any help.
答案：1～4.BBCC
[过能力　综合提升]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
The US teenager Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. However, when he learned that the school district was going to offer a putonghua class, he quickly changed his mind.
“I thought putonghua would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language. He speaks putonghua to order food at Chinese restaurants and read social media posts from his Chinese?speaking friends.
While it is a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency in a language spoken by more than a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy. “People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in putonghua is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, executive director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We're seeing it in all parts of the country.”
Abbott estimates that as many as 100，000 students are now studying putonghua throughout the US, in public and private schools. She said the US government has designated (指定) putonghua as a “critical need” language and provided professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language competency for national security and economic competitiveness，” Abbott said.
At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes established in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas sponsors (赞助) Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning putonghua.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过托尔斯·奇塔姆学习普通话的例子说明了中文在美国学生中越来越受欢迎的现象。
1．Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study putonghua instead of Latin
A.He thought putonghua was easier to learn than Latin.
B.He thought putonghua might help him learn more about Chinese food.
C.He thought putonghua could enable him to make more friends online.
D.He thought putonghua could have more advantages in his future career.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While it is a difficult ...for his career.”可知，托尔斯·奇塔姆学习普通话的原因是普通话可以有助于他未来的职业发展。
2．What does the underlined word “proficiency” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Great skill.　　　　 B．Strong interest.
C.Lack of practice. D．A level of difficulty.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“in a language spoken... the global economy”可知，许多专家认为，精通一门全世界超过 10 亿人使用的语言会让美国学生在全球经济中占据优势。由此可推知，画线词意为“精通”。
3．What can we infer from this passage
A.Chinese is the most popular second language in the US.
B.American students are only studying Chinese in public schools.
C.American people are considering China as a great economic competitor.
D.The Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas is the first one in the US.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in putonghua is growing fast”可知，美国人民正在把中国视为经济竞争者。
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A.The benefits of learning putonghua for Americans.
B.The influence of China's growing power on Americans.
C.How Confucius Institutes in the US help promote putonghua.
D.The rising popularity of putonghua among American students.
D　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过托尔斯·奇塔姆学习普通话的例子说明了中文在美国学生中越来越受欢迎的现象。
B
(2024·兰州高二期中)In the spring of 1943, James and Lucy Lo started a photography expedition. Their sights were set on an ancient network of caves in northwest China. Soon after, they arrived at the oasis city of Dunhuang. They would spend the next 18 months at this historic crossroads. And what began as a passion project quickly turned into one of the most ambitious surveys of Dunhuang's Yulin and Mogao Caves.
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The Los ended up collecting a considerable number of manuscripts that today make up the largest collection of Dunhuang texts in the United States. The more than 3，000 photographs they amassed have proven extremely valuable to researchers, archaeologists, and art historians because they preserve viewpoints of sites or features that are now long gone, badly damaged, or inaccessible. In June 2021，Visualizing Dunhuang: Seeing, Studying, and Conserving the Caves, a new book featuring several hundred black-and-white photos from the Lo Archive (罗氏档案), was published. It is a huge contribution that furthers our understanding of Dunhuang.
Now the Mogao Caves have re-emerged as a popular travel destination. In modern times, however, the caves face unprecedented levels of stress, with over one million tourists each year. Situated within delicate microclimates, the murals are extremely sensitive to changes in moisture and carbon dioxide. Moisture, worsened by a constant flow of visitors during the hot summer months, can cause salts in the walls to liquefy (液化). Also, because the complex lies in an earthquake-prone zone (地震易发区), conservators say that action must be taken now to protect against further erosion and collapse.
Countless questions remain about the caves' past and future. Can we ever come to know a place as vast and mysterious as Dunhuang Perhaps, but we certainly can't do it by ourselves, let alone in a single lifetime. The Los might not realize they were starting something that would continue long after they were gone. And yet they have brought us closer to reconstructing the past and have driven us to become better caretakers of it. These living histories may still be incomplete，but they are far more complete than anything we could attempt on our own.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了罗氏夫妇对敦煌石窟研究做出的巨大贡献。
5．Why did the Los go to Dunhuang
A.To go on a business trip.
B.To take photos of caves in Dunhuang.
C.To lecture on archaeological expeditions.
D.To participate in a photography exhibition.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“James and Lucy Lo started a photography expedition...they arrived at the oasis city of Dunhuang.”可知，罗氏夫妇来到敦煌是为了拍摄石窟的照片。
6．What does the underlined word “amassed” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Collected.　　　　　 B.Found.
C.Bought. D．Studied.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的“The Los ended up collecting a considerable number of manuscripts”和“The more than 3，000 photographs they amassed have proven extremely valuable”可知，罗氏夫妇收集了大量的照片，这些照片被证明非常有价值。
7．What can be learned about the Mogao Caves
A.They frequently fell victim to earthquakes.
B.They were badly damaged by moisture.
C.They provide an unfavorable environment for the murals.
D.They become unwelcome due to harsh climate.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Situated within delicate...carbon dioxide.”和“the complex lies in an earthquake-prone zone”可知，莫高窟壁画所处的微气候是脆弱的，对湿气和二氧化碳的变化极度敏感，且其地理条件也脆弱。由此可知，莫高窟为壁画提供了一个不利的环境。
8．What is the author's attitude to the Los
A.Doubtful. B．Sympathetic.
C.Worried. D．Admiring.
D　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“they have brought us closer to reconstructing the past...but they are far more complete than anything we could attempt on our own.”可知，作者非常钦佩罗氏夫妇，对他们所做的贡献给予了高度赞扬。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·天水高二期末)Born and raised in Dunhuang, northwest China's Gansu Province, Yao Yanbei has long been lost in the cultural heritage of the city.She 1 to Dunhuang as a promising 2 after graduating from a college in Xiamen.
In 2016, inspired by patterns of Dunhuang murals, Yao 3 a toy camel. “Through the toy camel, I intended to 4 the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working，” Yao said.
In August 2017, Yao spent nearly a month inside grottoes drawing the murals. “Staying in the grottoes from dawn to dusk, I felt 5 connected with the ancient artists who 6 the murals. It was an amazing 7 ，”she said. Inspired by the sculptures and murals, Yao later designed some innovative products, including T?shirts, bookmarks, pocket mirrors and key rings.
Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao, the 8 and creative industry began to take root in Dunhuang. Since 2018, every year the city 9 an international design week to help 10 the industry. “By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad, we want to make Dunhuang's creative 11 more fashionable，” said Liu Mengxing, vice general manager of a local company.
Looking ahead at her 12 in design, Yao plans to 13 Dunhuang's ancient art further and apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life.“I want to design more creative products that 14 to more international customers，” said Yao. “I hope my design can bring people 15 to Dunhuang.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了设计师姚彦贝为弘扬家乡敦煌的艺术文化，在艺术创作之路上做出突出贡献的事迹，并且正是由于像姚彦贝这样的设计师的努力，文化创意产品产业才开始在敦煌扎根。
1．A.returned　　　　　　 B.escaped
C.travelled D．came
A　解析：根据上文“Born and raised in Dunhuang”和下文“to Dunhuang as a promising”可知，此处指的是她毕业后回到(return)敦煌。
2．A.author B．architect
C.designer D．engineer
C　解析：根据语境和下文“Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao”可知，此处指的是她是一名有前途的设计师(designer)。
3．A.drew B．created
C.imagined D．bought
B　解析：根据上文“In 2016, inspired by patterns of Dunhuang murals”和下文a toy camel 可知，她受到敦煌壁画的启发，创造(create)了一只玩具骆驼。
4．A.convey B．test
C.obtain D．comment
A　解析：根据常识和上文“Through the toy camel”及下文“the spirit of the locals”可知，此处指通过骆驼来传达(convey)当地人的精神。
5．A.emotionally B．spiritually
C.physically D．materially
B　解析：根据下文“connected with the ancient artists”可知，此处指的是她与古代艺术家在精神上(spiritually)产生了联系。
6．A.wrote B．painted
C.displayed D．watched
B　解析：根据上文the ancient artists可知，此处指的是绘制(paint)壁画的古代艺术家。
7．A.experience B．memory
C.discovery D．attempt
A　解析：根据上文“Staying in the grottoes...the murals.”可知，从早到晚待在石窟里，与绘制壁画的古代艺术家进行精神上的联系，这是一次神奇的经历(experience)。
8．A.traditional B．modern
C.ancient D．cultural
D　解析：根据上文“the cultural heritage of the city”可知，敦煌有很多文化遗址，因此关于敦煌的创意产业是文化(cultural)产业。
9．A.holds B．shows
C.pools D．takes
A　解析：根据下文“By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad”可知，此处指的是举办(hold)国际设计周，汇集了国内外的设计师。
10．A.change B．strengthen
C.promote D．enlarge
C　解析：根据下文“By pooling the wisdom of...more fashionable”可知，举办国际设计周是为了促进(promote)敦煌的产业发展。
11．A.industry B．products
C.environment D．pictures
B　解析：根据上文some innovative products及“By pooling the wisdom of...more fashionable”可知，当地公司经理想让敦煌的创意产品(product)更加时尚。
12．A.preparations B．future
C.career D．job
C　解析：根据下文“I want to design...Dunhuang.”可知，此处指姚彦贝在展望自己的设计生涯(career)。
13．A.apply B．touch
C.conduct D．explore
D　解析：根据下文“apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life”可知，此处指进一步探索(explore)，从而把古人的智慧应用到现代生活中。
14．A.commit B．attract
C.appeal D．devote
C　解析：根据下文“I hope my design can bring people ____ to Dunhuang.”可知，姚彦贝想要设计更有创意的产品以吸引(appeal to)更多国际顾客来敦煌。
15．A.better B．deeper
C.stronger D．closer
D　解析：根据上文“I hope my design can bring people”可知，此处指的是姚彦贝想让更多的人了解敦煌，从而使人们与敦煌的距离变得更近(closer)。Period 3　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
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1．What is the main idea of the passage
A.The works popular in foreign countries.
B.The interest in Chinese literature.
C.The translation of Chinese literature.
D.The different views on Chinese literature that four Sinologists and translators share.
答案：D
2．How did Petko get interested in Chinese literature
A.Watching the movie—The Shaolin Temple.
B.Reading books about Chinese history and culture.
C.Being exposed to Homer's epic poems.
D.Working as a translator.
答案：A
3．When did Annelous become interested in Chinese literature
Since high school.
4．Which major did Annelous choose to study at university
A.Chinese History.　　 B．Chinese Studies.
C.Chinese Culture. D．Chinese Literature.
答案：B
5．What was the first encounter with Chinese classical literature to Joachim
Shi Ji, or Records of the Grand Historian.
6．According to Annelous, how does she select works to translate
A.She chooses classical Chinese works from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
B.Largely up to the opinions of respected Sinologists.
C.Based on the work itself.
D.She just goes with what she likes and what she is interested in.
答案：B
7．Why are works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands well-received
Because people want to learn more about Chinese culture and everyday life in China.
8．According to Mai, what kind of works by Chinese writers are popular in her country
A.Science fiction.
B.Books on the art of war.
C.Books that reflect human nature and experience.
D.Books that receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.
答案：C
INCLUDEPICTURE "PostLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "PostLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Four Sinologists and 1.translators(translate) share their experience of Chinese literature with us. The reasons 2.why they like Chinese literature vary from person to person. Petko got interested in Chinese literature because of a movie 3.called(call) The Shaolin Temple. He has translated Dream of the Red Chamber 4.into Bulgarian. Annelous's experience of reading books about Chinese history and culture inspired her 5.to choose(choose) Chinese Studies as her academic major. In her country, the 6.decision(decide) about which works will be translated is influenced by respected Sinologists. As for Joachim, he was exposed 7.to Shi Ji at the age of 15.And this book had 8.a profound effect on him. Mai thinks that 9.reading(read) Chinese literature is a stimulating and inspiring experience. He also thinks that Egypt and China are 10.closely(close) connected. Apart from works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin, he also keeps an eye on works by new, young authors.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．Sinologist n.　　　　　　 A．房间
2．shepherd n. B．汉学家
3．chamber n. C．计谋，策略
4．romance n. D．牧羊人
5．stratagem n. E．传奇故事
答案：1～5.BDAEC
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．a history scholar　　　　 历史学者
2．the English department 英语系
3．an institute of technology 理工学院
4．an ancient temple 一座古庙
5．a merry little tune 一支欢快的小调
6．a mathematical genius 一名数学天才
7．the United Kingdom 英国
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．historian n．历史学家→history n．历史→historical adj.(有关)历史的；有关历史研究的；历史题材的→historic adj.有历史意义的；历史上著名(或重要)的
2．enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的→enormously adv.极其；非常地
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Prior to(在……之前) the meeting, we need to prepare all the necessary documents in order to ensure a smooth and productive discussion.
2．He was astonished to find that his personal information had been exposed to(暴露于) the public on the Internet without his consent (同意).
3．The nurse reminded the parents to keep a close eye on(密切关注) their child's temperature and report any sudden changes to the doctor immediately.
4．On the whole(总的来说), I'm in favour of your proposal, but I think it will be better if it could be more detailed.
5．His speech struck a chord(引起共鸣)with the audience, who were deeply moved by his words.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．the first time引导时间状语从句
I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it(我第一次读它时), and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian.(Para.6)
2．now that引导原因状语从句
Now that this dream has come true(既然这个梦想已经实现了), my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.(Para.6)
3．无生命名词作主语
Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published(每年都见证了更多中国作家的作品出版) in the Netherlands, and they are well-received.(Para.11)
4．“do/does/did＋动词原形”强调谓语动词
On the whole, I do have to admit(确实不得不承认) that here, people's knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited.(Para.11)
[分析]　此句中还含有that引导的宾语从句。
5．“if only...”意为“要是……就好了、但愿”
If only there was greater awareness of Chinese language and literature(要是有更多的人了解中国语言和文学就好了) in my country.
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INCLUDEPICTURE "N1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "N1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【高频词汇诠释】
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈1ALLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈1ALLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
　prior　adj.先前的；较早的
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①(教材P43) Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer's epic poems.
在此之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》。
②(译林选必四U3)Prior to the interview, ensure you make good preparations.
面试前，你要确保做好充分准备。
(1)prior to　　　　　　 先于……，在……之前
(2)priority n. 优先(权)；优先考虑的事
give priority to sth./sb. 优先考虑，给予……优先权
have/take priority over... 较……享有优先权
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(人教选必二U3)Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
(2)(译林选必二U1)It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities(prior), which would influence how they report an event.
(3)(人教选必四U5)我担任学校乒乓球队队长已有两年时间了，因此我知道如何领导团队和决定优先事项。
I have been captain of my school table tennis team for two years, so I know how to lead and decide on priorities．
背诵点 应用文写作之申请信
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2ALLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2ALLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
　keep an eye on　照看，照料；留意，留神
INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①(教材P44)I also keep a close eye on what's being self-published online by new, young authors—they have some good ideas.　我还密切关注新的年轻作者在网上发表的作品——他们有一些不错的想法。
②(经典例句)She seems a bit down lately. Let's keep an eye on her and make sure she's okay.
她最近似乎有点沮丧。让我们留意一下她，确保她没事。
keep an eye out/open (for)　　 密切注意，提防，警觉
have an eye for... 对……有鉴赏力
look sb. in the eye(s) 直视/正视某人
catch one's eye 引起某人的注意
fix/keep one's eyes on 注视，盯着看
turn a blind eye to... 对……视而不见
in the eyes of sb./in one's eyes 在某人看来
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单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)So instead of tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.
(2)Linda is a fashionable young girl and has a good eye for fashion, which makes her a very good shopping companion.
(3)In my eyes(在我看来), his perseverance may account for his great achievement in his research work.
背诵点 应用文写作之人物描写
(4)那朵花的独特颜色吸引了摄影师的注意，最终拍出了一张获奖照片。
The unusual color of the flower caught the photographer's eye, leading to an award-winning shot.
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INCLUDEPICTURE "圈ALLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈ALLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
　“if only...”意为“要是……就好了、但愿”
INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①(教材P45)If only there was greater awareness of Chinese language and literature in my country.
要是我的国家有更多的人了解中国语言和文学就好了。
②(北师大选必一U1) Often when I'm preparing a programme, I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done it. Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion!
在准备一个项目时，我常会想，如果是詹金斯先生，他会怎么做。有时我甚至想，要是能打电话征求他的意见就好了！
if only后的句子多用虚拟语气。具体用法如下：
(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时用“if only sb./sth.＋did/were...”；
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用“if only sb./sth.＋had done...”；
(3)表示与将来事实相反的愿望时用“if only sb./sth.＋would/could do...”。
INCLUDEPICTURE "应用与内化LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "应用与内化LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. If only she could/would come(come) to see me off.
(2)—Johnson, come and look at the sea! It's beautiful, isn't it
—Absolutely! If only I lived(live) by the sea now!
(3)You can stay healthy only if you maintain a balanced diet and engage in regular physical activity(只有当你保持均衡的饮食和定期的体育活动)．
背诵点 应用文写作之建议信
(4)我僵在那里，眼里含着悔恨的泪水。要是我没和安妮吵架那该多好啊！
I froze there, with regretful tears in my eyes. If only I had not quarreled with Anne!
背诵点 读后续写之心理描写
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only if 意为“只有”，引导条件状语从句，only 表示强调；当 only if位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
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Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．fall in love with　　　　　 爱上
2．theme tune 主题曲
3．academic major 主修专业
4．sb.'s first encounter with 某人与……的初次相遇/接触
5．have a profound effect on 对……有重大的影响
6．be largely influenced by 很大程度上受……影响
7．look to sb. to do sth. 指望/依靠某人做某事
8．popular literature 大众文学；通俗文学
9．think highly of 对……评价很高；欣赏……
10．be closely connected 紧密联系
11．be familiar to sb. 是某人所熟悉的
12．Chinese kung fu 中国功夫
13．Chinese Studies 中国研究；中国学；汉学
14．a historical work 一部历史著作
15．Chinese classical literature 中国古典文学作品
16．one's passion for... 某人对……强烈的爱好/热爱
17．a publishing house 出版社
18．do research into/on 对……进行研究
19．be well-received 公众反响良好；受欢迎
20．a couple of 几个；一对；两个
Ⅱ.品句填词
1．Because of its rich history and splendid appearance, the Great Wall attracts a lot of tourists, scientists and historians(历史学家).
2．(北师大必修三U7)Everyone knows that Ludwig van Beethoven is a musical genius(天才) but few might know how he created Symphony No.9 in D minor and how its first show went.
3．Standing on the top of the mountain, the temple(寺庙) has witnessed many changes in this area.
4．I am almost tone-deaf (五音不全的)—only with great effort can I figure out the simplest tune(曲调), and serious music is no more than an arrangement of noises.
5．He had enormous(巨大的) faith in me, and it was this, more than anything else, that inspired me to make music my career.
6．Universities and colleges should establish close contact with institutes (研究院) of scientific research.
Ⅲ.词块运用
1．The films focused on real characters and strong storylines that struck a chord(引起共鸣) with the people.
2．On the whole(总的来说), the weather this summer has been quite good, with only a few days of rain and mostly sunny and warm conditions.
3．Prior to(在……之前) the invention of the Internet, information was much harder to access, and people had to rely on traditional sources such as libraries, newspapers, and television for their news and knowledge.
4．Being exposed to(暴露于) a foreign culture is beneficial for us to learn the local language. So why not come to China and learn Chinese
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[过基础　知识巩固]
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2024·全国甲卷) An attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. When we arrived, we went straight to a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted great.
2．After more than 40 years of reform and opening?up, the country still has a long way to go before it becomes a “developed economy”．
3．Some people think this festival is the happiest time of a year, because food gives people a sense of safety and hope.
4．Despite this, some people became so absorbed in the activity that they completely forgot to look at the clock.
5．When you read the book, you'd better make a mark where you have any questions.
6．You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before.
7．When the servants brought the steak, he took out a fork and began to eat as people did in Italy.
8．Driving a car is not always as hard as it is imagined on condition that you stick to traffic rules.
9．If you are concerned about environmental pollution, you'd better use the public transport rather than drive a car.
10．I'm relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
维度二　语法与写作
1．去旅行时，我带了四本书以防自己感到无聊，但是我一页也没有读！
I took four books with me when I went travelling in case I got bored, but I never read a page!
2．人们普遍认为，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants．
3．互联网是我们生活中如此重要的一部分，以至于它已经影响了我们的语言。
The Internet is such an important part of our life that it has influenced our language.
4．现在处理这个问题还为时不晚，尽管时间显然越来越短了。
It's not too late to fix the problem, although time is clearly getting short．
5．他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们从未存在过似的。
They completely ignore these facts as if/as though they never existed．
维度三　语篇填空
My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1.while/when I was doing my school assignments. No sooner had I finished my homework 2.than the doorbell rang. However，my sister pushed the door open 3.before I could open it. I was surprised the moment I saw her 4.because her clothes and face were terribly dirty. 5.Since/As I didn't know what had happened to her, I stood there and waited for my sister's story. 6.After my sister got changed, she told me that she fell into a ditch 7.when she walked on a path on her way to my uncle's home in the countryside. She couldn't get out of the ditch. 8.Although/Though/While she cried for help loudly，no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it, but 9.however hard she tried，she failed to escape from it.10.As time went by, she got worried.
After several vain attempts she had to stand where she was and waited 11.until a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope. She did 12.as the boy told, and she came out at last.
[过能力　综合提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Fujian Tulou, the special residential architecture of Fujian Province, was included on UNESCO's World Heritage List during the 32nd session of the World Heritage Committee in Quebec, Canada.
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In the fourth century, Han Chinese living in the Central Plains area began to migrate south, gradually gathering in Fujian and forming the Hakka communities. In order to defend against enemies, the Hakkas chose to live in compact (紧凑的) communities, and the tulou was their preferred houses. Tens of thousands of such earthen structures were constructed in Fujian Province.
Most tulou are to be found in the valleys, and some are in the depths of the great mountains. Most of them are three to four storeys high, and look like circular blockhouses (堡垒). Rooms on the first floor are used as kitchens, rooms on the second floor are used as barns (谷仓), and rooms on the third and fourth floors are for bedrooms and living rooms. For defensive purposes, the rooms on the first floor have no windows.
Raw materials for the tulou were obtained locally. The main building material of the tulou was a mixture of clay, sand, lime and water, and egg whites, brown sugar and rice water were added as adhesive agents (黏合剂). These things then formed the walls. Once they dried, the walls were so hard that driving a nail into them would have been difficult. Fir branches, which are extremely strong and do not rot, were used to strengthen them, and many centuries later they have remained their original look.
Tulou are located in a region where earthquakes happen frequently, and their circular construction helps them resist the regular shocks.
The design even inspired one famous Peruvian architect, who paid several visits to Yongding, to build a tulou back home. Not long later, an earthquake struck only 10 kilometers away, and while all the houses around the earthen building fell down, his tulou remained.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了福建省特殊的住宅建筑——福建土楼，它已被列入联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》。
1．What can we know about the tulou from the passage
A.The tulou is a special office architecture of Han Chinese in Fujian.
B.The tulou was once the place where the Hakkas chose to live together.
C.The tulou is also modern people's preferred houses.
D.The tulou looks like circular blockhouses but is easy to fall down in the earthquake.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“gradually gathering in Fujian...the tulou was their preferred houses”可知，土楼曾经是客家人选择一起居住的地方。
2．What can we infer from the third paragraph
A.Most tulou are to be found in urban areas.
B.The Hakkas might live an organized and harmonious life.
C.People live on the second floor in the tulou.
D.No windows are on the first floor to keep the tulou beautiful.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，客家人过着有组织的、和谐的生活。
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A.The Hakkas built tulou when they lived in the Central Plains area.
B.Raw materials for the tulou were obtained from far away.
C.It is difficult to dig a hole in the walls of the tulou.
D.Fir branches may help tulou resist the regular shocks.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Once they dried...would have been difficult.”可知，土楼的墙干了之后墙壁就会变得特别坚硬，在上边钉钉子都很困难。
4．What would be the best title for the passage
A.One Thing on the UNESCO's World Heritage List
B.The Function of Tulou
C.Yongding County and the Hakkas
D.The Special Earthen Architecture of Fujian
D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了福建土楼是福建省特殊的住宅建筑，已被列入联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》，还介绍了它的历史、地理位置、功能、特点、建造材料等。D项适合作文章的标题。
B
Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.
The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable(可持续的) development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee (WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site's buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产).As a result of the Committee's concerns, Vienna changed its building modes and launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.
The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005.The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.
The Recommendation put forward an all-round and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development.The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一些具体的例子来倡导对世界遗产进行有效保护和可持续发展。
5．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in paragraph 1
A.To explain the goal of the organization.
B.To encourage the public to protect the world.
C.To show the positive effect of conservation.
D.To remind people of the environmental problems.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world.”以及其和第二句之间的关系可推知，第一段提及贝里斯堡礁是为了证明遗产保护的积极作用。
6．Why was WHC worried about the Wien Mitte project
A.Because it took up too much public land of the city.
B.Because it had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna.
C.Because its original designs were not environmentally friendly.　
D.Because its architectural solutions couldn't meet safety standards.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna...reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.”可知，世界遗产委员会之所以担忧维也纳中央车站项目是因为该项目对维也纳历史中心有不好的影响。
7．What did the global discussion focus on
A.The ways to combine conservation and development.
B.The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation.
C.The international urban management and development.
D.The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development”可知，这次全球讨论的焦点是世界遗产保护和发展的方法。
8．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A.To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners.
B.To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment.
C.To stress the importance of the value of history and memory.
D.To promote active conservation and sustainable development.
D　解析：写作意图题。根据第二段中的“The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development.”并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文旨在提倡对世界遗产进行有效保护和可持续发展。
Ⅱ.七选五
Chinatowns in major cities around the world are not only home to a growing number of Chinese people but also have their own special traditions and way of life.
Millions of Chinese left their home country in the past to go and live abroad.And most of them went to other countries mainly to make money.1.________
2．________They lived a hard life.Then Chinatowns were founded in some countries.When the Chinese arrived in foreign cities they could live in Chinatowns，where they followed their own traditions and spoke their own language.Many Chinese people have become successful businessmen.Today，Chinatowns are not only tourist destinations, but places where people can get great food and listen to Chinese music.3.________In Chinatowns, shop and street signs are often in two languages.People sell all sorts of things，including handicrafts and traditional Chinese medicine.
4．________New York's Chinatown is the largest in the world.For one and a half centuries thousands of Chinese have lined to the southern part of Manhattan.San Francisco is home to the oldest Chinatown in the US. 5.________Liverpool developed big Chinatowns as thousands of Chinese arrived at Britain's most important harbor (港口) in the 19th century.
A.Each Chinatown is like a small“China”in a foreign city.
B.There are many famous Chinatowns in the world's major cities.
C.After these immigrants left their countries, they built a new home here.
D.There are two schools and a library in the Chinatown, as well as a city park.
E.It is the central place to the Chinese coming across the Pacific Ocean to America.
F.In the US，thousands of Chinese helped to build the railroads across the continent.
G.But in past centuries the Chinese abroad were treated badly and seen as cheap labour.
　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了唐人街的一些情况。
1．F　解析：根据上文“Millions of Chinese left...to make money.”可知，大多数人为了赚钱而出国，F项中的“ the US”属于“other countries”，与上文呼应，符合语境。
2．G　解析：根据下文“They lived a hard life. Then Chinatowns were founded in some countries.”可知，华人在国外生活艰难，G项符合语境。
3．A　解析：根据上文“ Today, Chinatowns are not ... listen to Chinese music.”可知，此处介绍了唐人街如今的情况，A项承接上文，符合语境。
4．B　解析：根据下文“New York's Chinatown is the largest in the world...the oldest Chinatown in the US.”可知，本段主要介绍了各个城市著名的唐人街，B项符合语境。
5．E　解析：根据上文“San Francisco is home to the oldest Chinatown in the US.”可知，下文将继续介绍旧金山的唐人街的情况，E项中的It 指代上文中的San Francisco，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·兰州诊断考试)China is known as Xia for its grand etiquette (礼仪) culture, and known as Hua for its beautiful attire (衣裳). With the 1.____________(change) in society, economic development, and cultural development, clothing has evolved over thousands of years. However, 2.____________ the forms may have been changed, the essence (本质) remains constant.
“In ancient China, emperors like Huangdi, Yao, and Shun brought peace to the world through their clothing.” Clothing holds 3.____________ significant place in Chinese culture. It is not only used for daily wear 4.____________(cover) the body and protect it from cold but also as an instrument of management. In ancient Chinese society, there were strict rules and dress codes about clothing. The presence of clothing distinguished civilization 5.____________ barbarism (野蛮), while changes in color and style 6.____________(gradual) developed into a form of etiquette. Their design conveyed behavioral norms and 7.____________(they) patterns were rich in cultural significance. Moreover, ancient attire was also an important carrier of morality. China has always been known as a nation 8.____________ values formal attire and etiquette.
What is the Chinese style It is something that makes people think of China as soon as they see it. For example, the horse?face skirt, which 9.____________(favor) by international brands and Chinese people for many years, will continue to be attractive. Chinese clothing, as a classical style, has been known to the world overnight with good opportunities. It's not just a traditional costume style but also a source of 10.____________(admire).
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的服装从古代到现代的发展过程，同时中国传统服装被国际品牌所青睐。
1．change(s)　解析： 考查名词。定冠词the后面用名词形式，change用作名词且表示“改变、变化”时，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。
2．while/although/though　解析：考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，应用while/although/though。
3．a　解析：考查冠词。此处指“服装在中国文化中占有一个重要的地位”，place意为“地位”，为单数，表泛指，且significant的发音以辅音音素开头，空处应用不定冠词a。
4．to cover　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式结构作目的状语。
5．from　解析：考查介词。distinguish...from...为固定搭配，意为“把……和……区别开来”。
6．gradually　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词developed，应用副词形式。
7．their　解析：考查代词。空处修饰名词patterns，应用形容词性物主代词。
8．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为nation，应用that或which。
9．has been favored　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空前的which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的skirt，句子缺少谓语动词，且主语和动词favor之间为被动关系；根据时间状语“for many years”可知，应用现在完成时；主语为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
10．admiration　解析：考查名词。介词of后面应用名词形式作宾语。INCLUDEPICTURE "名著选萃LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "名著选萃LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Laurie Joined the Busy Bee Society
Excerpt from Little Women
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美国南北战争时期，一个普通家庭的四个姐妹的成长之路。
Laurie lay luxuriously① swinging② to and fro (来回地) in his hammock (吊床) one warm September afternoon, wondering what③ his neighbors were about, but too lazy to④ go and find out. He was in one of his moods, for the day had been both unprofitable (没好处的) and unsatisfactory, and he was wishing he could live it over again.
The hot weather made him lazy, and he had avoided his studies, tried Mr. Brooke's patience to the utmost⑤， displeased⑥ his grandfather by frightening the maid and after high words⑦ with the stableman (马夫) about neglect⑧ of his horse, he had thrown himself into his hammock to be angry about himself.
Then he heard the sound of voices. Peeping⑨ through the meshes (网) of the hammock, he saw the Marches⑩ coming out, as if on some expedition .
“What in the world are those girls about now？” thought Laurie, opening his sleepy eyes to take a good look, for there was something rather peculiar in the appearance of his neighbors. Each wore a large hat. Meg had a cushion ， Jo a book, Beth a basket, and Amy a portfolio (画本). All walked quietly through the garden, out at the little back gate, and began to climb the hill that lay between the house and river.
“Well, that's cool，” said Laurie to himself, “to have a picnic and never ask me! I'll follow them, and see what's going on.”
Possessing of half a dozen hats, it took him some time to find one. Then there was a hunt for the key, which was at last discovered in his pocket. The girls were quite out of sight when he leaped the fence and ran after them.
Taking the shortest way to the boathouse, he first waited for them to appear, but no one came. Then he went up the hill to take an observation. Laurie peeped through the bushes, and spotted the sisters sat together, with sun and shadow flickering (闪烁) over them, the wind lifting their hair and cooling their hot cheeks.
Meg sat upon her cushion, sewing gracefully with her white hands, and looking as fresh and sweet as a rose in her pink dress among the green. Beth was sorting the pine cones (松果), for she made pretty things with them. Amy was sketching a group of ferns (蕨类), and Jo was knitting as she read aloud.
A shadow passed over the boy's face as he watched them, feeling that he ought to go away because uninvited, yet lingering because home seemed very lonely and this quiet party in the woods most attractive to his restless spirit. He stood so still that a squirrel (松鼠), busy with its harvesting (收获), ran down a pine close beside him.
But the squirrel saw him suddenly and skipped back. Beth looked up, found the face behind the trees, and signaled with a comforting smile.
“May I come in, please Or shall I be a bother？” he asked, advancing slowly.
Meg lifted her eyebrows, but Jo glared at him and said at once, “Of course you may. We should have asked you before, only we thought you wouldn't care for such a girl's game as this.”
“I always like your games, but if Meg doesn't want me, I'll go away.”
“I've no objection, if you do something. It's against the rules to be idle here，” replied Meg gravely but graciously (和蔼地).
“I'll do anything if you'll let me stay, for it's as dull as the Desert of Sahara (撒哈拉沙漠) down there.” Laurie sat down with a submissive expression.
“Finish this story while I set my heel，” said Jo, handing him the book.
“Yes！” was the meek (温顺的) answer, as he began, doing his best to prove his gratitude for the favor of admission into the “Busy Bee Society”．
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①luxuriously adv.舒适地
②swing v．摆动
③此处为what引导的宾语从句。
④此处为“too...to...”结构，表示“太……以至于不……”。
⑤to the utmost极限
⑥displease v．使不悦
⑦high words愤怒的话
⑧neglect n．忽视
⑨peep v．窥视
⑩此处“the＋姓氏”表示一家人。
expedition n．探险
此处for表示原因。
peculiar adj.奇怪的
cushion n．垫子
此处为that引导的定语从句。
possess v．拥有
hunt [熟词生义] n．寻找
此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在句中作主语。
out of sight看不到
leap v．跳跃
此处为v.-ing作状语。
observation n．观察
spot v．发现
此处为with复合结构。
此处为v.-ing作状语，sew意为“做针线活”。
此处为v.-ing作状语。
此处运用了比喻的修辞手法，把梅格比作清新甜美的玫瑰。
sort v．整理，分类
sketch v．画速写
此处为状语从句的省略。
linger v．逗留
restless adj.不安的
still [熟词生义] adj.一动不动的
skip v．蹦跳
signal v．(发)信号，示意
eyebrow n．眉毛
glare at怒目而视
objection n．反对
idle adj.空闲的
gravely adv.严肃地
dull adj.沉闷的
submissive adj.顺从的
set my heel站稳脚跟
admission n．允许进入INCLUDEPICTURE "外刊撷英LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "外刊撷英LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
What Lies Beneath
Adapted from National Geographic 202307
The night is beautiful and so is the sea as our ship glides south along Italy's coast. The small glowing① light on the distant horizon is not the work of humans but rather lava② explosions from Stromboli (斯通波利岛), a volcanic island in the Aeolian chain islands. Though this flickering③ glow is barely noticeable from afar, it has persisted for thousands of years, and we're heading straight for it.
The seven main islands lie in the heart of the most active volcano system in the Mediterranean④. As a biologist, I've come here to see what kinds of marine⑤ species adapt and survive in places so hostile to life.
We anchored first at Panarea, the smallest island, and dived into shallow, acidic⑥ waters. Considered dormant⑦， yet it hums⑧ with activity. Natural whirlpools give off a sulfur-like smell. Clouds of bubbles made of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide (硫化氢) rise to the surface. Everywhere I look, I see the effect of this acidity on marine life, as the undersea landscape is barren of⑨ corals and hard-shelled organisms. The seagrass displays whitened, burned leaves. We too feel the acid burning our faces, and when we resurface after a few hours, our lips and cheeks are chapped⑩.
Off Panarea, we explored a unique narrow valley situated between Panarea and Stromboli. The site is 300 feet long and 50 feet wide. We descended 250 feet and saw a collection of thin, high chimneys of crystallized iron oxides (结晶氧化铁) that formed over thousands of years. But this forbidding place is alive. The leaves of the pioneer algae covers a chimney's red slopes with a miniature forest, green with hope. Amid this same inhospitable environment a sea spider appears.
Then we boarded the ship, heading to Stromboli, whose smoking summit can be seen in the distance. Frequent tremors have caused the peak to shake off soil, rock, and sand, destroying everything in its path. The seabed is constantly redesigned after successive disasters. I'm curious to see how the ecosystem below has recovered.
As we descend, we spot a series of pioneering species that have begun their work of reclaiming the area. A juvenile shark cruises by. Its fate is uncertain, but is a perfect symbol of a reborn ecosystem.
It's common to talk about the fragility of nature, yet nature clings on, resists, and bides its time. We ascend with a strange sensation. Our journey began in a familiar world—with the sky, the surface of the sea, the sea, and the seabed. We did not dive to the bottom of the sea, but rather under the bottom of the sea. And there is life.
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①glowing adj.　 　 发光的
②lava n. 岩浆；熔岩
③flickering adj. 闪烁的；摇曳的
④the Mediterranean 地中海
⑤marine adj. 海洋的
⑥acidic adj. 酸性的
⑦dormant adj. 休眠的
⑧hum v. 活跃；嗡嗡作响
⑨be barren of 没有；缺乏
⑩chapped adj. 皲裂的
chimney n. 烟囱
algae n. 藻类
inhospitable adj. 不适宜居住的
summit n. 顶峰
tremor n. 震颤；微震
successive adj. 连续的
pioneering species 先锋物种
reclaim v. 开垦；拿回
juvenile adj. 未成年的
fragility n. 脆弱
cling on 坚持
bide v. 等待
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答案：1.distant　2.has persisted　3.what　4.smallest　5.on　6.burning　7.situated　8.forbidding
9．whose　10.fragility
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1．glide v.　　　　A．very unfriendly or aggressive and ready to argue or fight
2．persist v. B．seeming unfriendly and
frightening and likely to
cause danger
3．hostile adj. C．to use something to prevent the ship from moving away
4．anchor v. D．to come or go down from a higher to a lower level
5．descend v. E．to move smoothly and quietly, as if it takes no effort
6．forbidding adj. F．to continue to exist
答案：1～5.EFACD　6.B,
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Why is it necessary to protect the oceans And how
One possible version：
The oceans play a crucial part in the global ecosystem. Without the oceans, there would be no life, including human beings. As high school students, we can protect oceans in our own way. First of all, we should try every means to deal with global warming, such as saving electricity and using environment-friendly products. Besides, when playing at the seaside, never drop litter into the sea. In addition, take an active part in the voluntary activities launched by public organizations that protect the oceans.
Every little effort is important.As long as we try our best, we will make a difference to the marine environment.

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