资源简介

单元过关检测(五)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man buy at last
A.Bread.
B.A newspaper.
C.50 pens.
2．Which place are the speakers trying to find
A.A hotel. B．A bank. C．A restaurant.
3．What does the man suggest the woman do
A.Consult a travel agency.
B.Change a place for her trip.
C.Search more information online.
4．What's the relationship between the speakers
A.Colleagues.
B.Classmates.
C.Teacher and student.
5．What language does Mr.Black speak best
A.Chinese
B.French.
C.Spanish.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What are the speakers talking about
A.A new teacher.
B.A superstar.
C.Their English study.
7．What is Mrs. Smith like
A.Strict. B．Gentle. C．Careful.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What did the man think of their trip to Iceland
A.Great. B．Boring. C．Expensive.
9．What problem did the man probably have in Iceland
A.The language.
B.The route.
C.The accommodation.
10．What is worth buying according to the man
A.Fashionable bags.
B.Wool sweaters.
C.Warm gloves.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Where did the man travel last year
A.Europe. B．Russia. C．Australia.
12．How would the woman like to travel
A.By car. B．By bus. C．By train.
13．What did the man think of his bus tour
A.Comfortable.
B.Interesting.
C.Boring.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Where did the man last see Charlie
A.In the park.
B.In the girl's yard.
C.In the street.
15．What is the relationship between the speakers
A.They are strangers.
B.They are families.
C.They are neighbors.
16．What does the man suggest the girl do first
A.Find a picture of Charlie.
B.Put up a poster.
C.Call the police.
17．Who is Charlie
A.The girl's friend.
B.The girl's brother.
C.The girl's pet.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What is the good news about the train crash
A.No one got hurt badly.
B.Other trains will be on time.
C.The accident has been cleared up.
19．Where should people get the latest train times according to the speaker
A.From the Internet.
B.From the train drivers.
C.From the TV news.
20．What is the highest temperature on Sunday
A.76 degrees.
B.87 degrees.
C.91 degrees.
答案：1～5.BACBC　6～10.ABAAB
11～15.ACABC　16～20.ACAAB
听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Excuse me, do you have any bread left
W：No, I'm sorry.
M：OK，I'll just take this newspaper then，please.①
W：That's 50 pence.
M：Thank you.
(Text 2)
M：Have we missed it？The man said it's only five blocks away opposite the bank.
W：Wait a minute.The Chinese Restaurant？The National Bank？There it is，the Radisson Hotel.②
(Text 3)
W：I'd like to go to Sydney for a trip.Can you give me some suggestions
M：I could tell you about the places I've visited, but I think you'd better get some more travel guides from the Internet.③
(Text 4)
W：Hey！George.Recognize me？My name is...
M：Oh！It's you，Martha! We were in the same class when we were in junior high school.Our head teacher was Frank Lin.④ So you are working here as a manager
(Text 5)
W：Mr.Black is very good at Spanish and now he is beginning to study French.⑤
M：Yeah.And he also knows something about Chinese.
(Text 6)
W：Hi，Peter! What do you think of your new English teacher？⑥
M：I think she is incredible.I'm very impressed by her.
W：Ha！Is she very young
M：No，Mrs. Smith is a middle-aged woman who is very good at teaching.
W：What else
M：She is probably the gentlest teacher on campus.⑦
W：You always listen to your English teacher very carefully, don't you
M：Yes.I am determined to improve my English by working hard.
(Text 7)
W：Long time no see.Where have you been
M：My wife and I have just finished our trip in Iceland.
W：Cool.How about the trip
M：We skied and visited volcanoes. Though tired，we had a good time.⑧
W：How was the weather
M：It was very cold.So you'd better take some warm clothes and wear gloves if you go there.
W：What about the hotels？Did they charge a lot
M：Excellent but not expensive.And people in the hotels were very helpful and friendly.
W：Do local people speak English
M：Mm，you know few local people can speak English.Sometimes I had to use body language to communicate.⑨
W：Interesting.And did you buy much while you were there
M：Bags there are fashionable but much more expensive than those in our state. But you can get some wool sweaters as presents.⑩
W：Wow, I'm looking forward to it.
(Text 8)
W：I need help to figure out what to do for my vacation.
M：Well，last year，my friends and I went on a two-week bus tour of Europe. We traveled in nice，comfortable motor coaches and stopped in different cities. We stayed in each city for a day or two，and all our hotel reservations were taken care of.
W：Hmm，that could be fun，but sometimes I get sick when I ride in cars and buses.
M：You could take a train trip across Russia.My sister did that a couple of years ago.
W：Oh，I love trains. And I've never been to Russia.
(Text 9)
M：Hey，Jennifer.What's the matter？You look worried.
W：Mr.Cruise, I can't find Charlie anywhere.
M：Oh, no.That's terrible!
W：I just came home from the park and I noticed that the front gate was open.
M：Well, I did see him playing on the lawn in your front yard earlier today. I thought the gate was closed then, though. Have you spoken to the other neighbors in the street？ Maybe they've seen him.
W：Yeah，but nobody else has seen him.I think the mailman must have forgotten to close the gate.
M：Have you thought about making a missing poster
W：Yes，but my parents haven't got back from work yet.Can you help me
M：Of course. First，you need a picture of him. With it，people can know what he looks like.Then you should mention some important information about him.
W：He has long white hair and he doesn't see very well. He also has a small brown spot on his tail.
M：That's a great start.I'll help you print out some posters，and we'll go to put them up in the neighborhood.Hopefully—oh, Jennifer, look who he is!
W：Charlie!
(Text 10)
Good evening.This is Mark Vapor with the Nightly News at nine.Our top story tonight is the train crash on the Red Line. We've just gotten a report from police on the scene that fortunately, no one was seriously injured. The accident apparently occurred because of an electrical problem with the track signals.Traffic in the area is stopped，so drivers should avoid going to the Hilltop area for the next few hours until the accident is cleared up.This is also，of course，causing major delays for train riders. Check the city's website for up-to-date train times. The rest of the city looks good for a Friday night. Traffic is still backing up on the bridge heading east，but it should clear up in about an hour.Westward traffic has no delays.And now, let's take a look at the weather for this weekend.Tonight, skies will remain clear.There will be some fog early tomorrow morning，especially on the south side of the city.That should go away by 11：00，and then temperatures will quickly rise from a morning high of 76 degrees to 91 degrees by 3：00 p．m. Sunday will follow the same pattern，but the hottest it will get is 87 degrees. Enjoy your Friday night and don't forget to come back tomorrow morning with me，Mark Vapor.I'll bring you the top headlines and traffic updates every hour from seven until noon.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The world's oceans are some of the most interesting and breathtaking places on the entire planet. A lot of these oceans have witnessed a variety of disappearances and other mysteries, most of which cannot and have not been explained by modern science. Here are some interesting unsolved sea mysteries of the world.
USS Scorpion
The USS Scorpion, an American submarine, departed from Norfolk, Virginia, on its way towards the Mediterranean. The crew had almost a decade of experience, and yet the sub disappeared and broke into pieces on the sea floor. There were 99 men aboard the sub, all of whom lost their lives.
Baltic Sea Sub
In the later half of 2014, a mysterious vessel was spotted by Swedish citizens, many of whom described it as a Russian submarine, in the Baltic Sea. The military spent much time in investigating, but found no sign of the mysterious sub. The search was named “the hunt for Reds in October”．
Bermeja Island
During the 1970s, Bermeja Island served as a bit of a marker for Mexico and their economic zone. Around 20 years later, the island disappeared without any sign. Along with the island, numerous important documents about major oil reserves also went missing.
Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck
In 2001, ExxonMobil was laying pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico when they ran into a shipwreck around 2，600 feet under the surface. Upon exploring the shipwreck, archaeologists believed it to be a terrible spell, as something would constantly go wrong when they went down to explore.
SS Edmund Fitzgerald
Lake Superior is so large that it behaves like an inland ocean, including terrific storms. In November 1975, one such storm struck the vessel SS Edmund Fitzgerald, which was headed to Detroit. The Fitzgerald disappeared after communications were lost. A week later, a sonar (声呐) ship found the vessel 500 feet under the water. Not one body was found, though.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。海洋是整个地球上最有趣和最令人惊叹的地方之一。文章介绍了世界上一些与海洋有关的未解之谜。
21．Why does the author think of USS Scorpion as a mystery
A.99 men died aboard the sub.
B.It lost its way towards the Mediterranean.
C.The sub still sank even with experienced crew.
D.There is no information of the unknown sub.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The crew had almost a decade of experience...broke into pieces on the sea floor.”可知，作者认为“天蝎”号是一个谜是因为即使有经验丰富的船员，潜水艇还是沉没了。
22．What do Baltic Sea Sub and Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck have in common
A.Both are highly put on a bad spell.
B.Both the names of the vessels are unknown.
C.Both are found on the beaches.
D.Both are said to be Russian vessels.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的a mysterious vessel以及第五段内容可知，波罗的海潜艇和墨西哥湾沉船的共同之处是都不知道船的名字。
23．Which mystery is different from the others
A.SS Edmund Fitzgerald.
B.Bermeja Island.
C.Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck.
D.USS Scorpion.
B　解析：细节理解题。通读全文并根据第四段最后两句可知，比美哈岛的谜团与其他的不同，这一谜团是关于岛屿的，而其他的谜团都是关于船只的。
B
Howard Carter was only 17 years old when he first went to Egypt in 1891. His father was quite successful as a portrait painter in England. Howard had a great deal of artistic talent, but he did not want to become a portrait painter like his father. He wanted adventure. With his father's help, he got a job with an archaeologist who was on his way to Egypt, which was an exciting opportunity for young Howard Carter.
In Egypt, Howard Carter worked as an artist for some of the best Egyptologists of his time. An Egyptologist is an archaeologist whose focus is learning about ancient Egypt. It was not long before Howard Carter was quite well known among Egyptologists, not only as an artist but also for his broad knowledge about ancient Egypt and archaeology.
Howard Carter wanted to hunt for King Tutankhamun's tomb, but that took manpower and money. Howard Carter finally got lucky. The 5th Earl of Carnarvon was a very rich man, who allowed Howard Carter to hire 50 men to help him search for Tutankhamun's tomb.
In November 1922, Howard Carter's team discovered stone steps leading down to a sealed door in the sand. Howard Carter cut a small hole in the door and they looked inside by the light of a candle. What they saw through the peephole (观测孔) was amazing! They could not believe their eyes! The room was filled with treasures—couches shaped like animals, jeweled chests, vases, statues, and even chariots (双轮战车), all glittering with gold. It took months to move the treasures they found in the first room alone before they could open the doors in that room that led to other rooms! In other rooms, they found the chair King Tutankhamun had used as a small child.
The tomb was an incredible discovery, not only for its monetary value but also for its history. Historians learned so much about the people who lived over 3，000 years ago, about their culture and beliefs and daily life, from the objects found in King Tutankhamun's tomb. Howard Carter became world famous.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了霍华德·卡特发现图坦卡蒙国王陵墓的故事。
24．What was Howard Carter interested in when he was young
A.Having adventure.
B.Becoming a famous man.
C.Finding valuable jewelry.
D.Becoming a portrait painter.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Howard Carter was only 17 years old...He wanted adventure.”可知，霍华德年轻时对冒险感兴趣。
25．What made Howard Carter famous among Egyptologists
A.Carnarvon's speaking highly of him.
B.Gold found by him in Tutankhamun's tomb.
C.His father being a successful portrait painter.
D.His gift for art and his wide knowledge about archaeology.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was not long before...his broad knowledge about ancient Egypt and archaeology.”可知，霍华德在埃及古物学家中变得很有名，是因为他的艺术天赋和在古埃及和考古学方面的广博知识。
26．How old was Howard Carter when he found the King Tutankhamun's tomb
A.17. B．31.
C.48. D．50.
C　解析：数字计算题。根据第一段第一句以及第四段内容可知，霍华德在1891年的时候17岁，所以他1922年发现图坦卡蒙国王陵墓时是17＋(1922－1891)＝48岁。
27．What's the main idea of the last paragraph
A.The history about King Tutankhamun.
B.The meaning of finding King Tutankhamun's tomb.
C.The process of discovering King Tutankhamun's tomb.　
D.The treasures dug out from King Tutankhamun's tomb.
B　解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“The tomb was an incredible discovery，not only for its monetary value but also for its history.”可知，最后一段主要介绍的是发现图坦卡蒙国王陵墓的意义。
C
The lack of clues left behind by ancient Americans has made it difficult for researchers to determine precisely when humans first arrived on the continent. However, it has always been believed to be about 13，000 years ago. Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas, Central Mexico, seems to suggest that prehistoric humans may have been living in North America as early as 30，000 years ago.
Dr. Ciprian Ardelean, from the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, who led the groundbreaking research, first became aware of the cave in May 2010. Getting to the cave located 2，750 metres above sea level required a 45-minute truck ride to the base and an uphill climb over a rough terrain. However, Dr. Ardelean and his team found enough clues to make the difficult journey three additional times—in 2012, 2016, and 2017.
The archaeologists' efforts revealed many artefacts including over 1，900 stone tools from multiple layers of the cave. The scientists found that most of the tools were between 13，000 and 16，000 years old. However, 239 artefacts unearthed from the deepest layer of the cave dated back an astonishing 30，000 years!
While the genetic material gained in the cave was only plant and animal DNA, the team did find evidence of sulphur, potassium and zinc elements that could indicate human activities such as killing animals. Dr. Ardelean says the absence of human DNA confirms that the early people visited the cave for short periods of time.
The researchers are unsure of the ancient humans' origins or the path they took to get to America. They guess the groups were tribes (部落) who moved from place to place and went extinct at some point during their migrations. Dr. Ardelean says, “We don't know who they were, where they came from or where they went. They're a complete enigma. We falsely assume that the native populations in the Americas today are direct descendants from the earliest Americans, but now we don't think that is the case.” Archaeologist Loren Davis, from Oregon State University, is unsure that the artefacts recovered are tools. The researcher says, “If it's true that people were in Zacatecas 32，000 years ago, that changes everything—it more than doubles the time people have been in the Americas. I'm not going to say it's impossible, but if all they found are broken rocks without any hard evidence, it's natural for people to challenge the conclusion.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了墨西哥中部萨卡特卡斯的奇基韦特洞穴中的考古发现。该发现表明，史前人类可能早在3万年前就生活在北美。
28．What did Dr. Ciprian Ardelean do
A.He sold hundreds of artefacts.
B.He explored the cave four times.
C.He made the cave world-known.
D.He collected artefacts from the cave.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Dr. Ciprian Ardelean...first became aware of the cave in May 2010.”和“However, Dr. Ardelean...three additional times—in 2012, 2016，and 2017.”可知，阿尔代莱安博士探索了这个洞穴四次。
29．What shakes the traditional belief concerning North America
A.Metal elements unearthed from the cave.
B.Plant and animal DNA discovered in the cave.
C.The artefacts from the cave's deepest layer.
D.The artefacts from the upper layers of the cave.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，it has always been believed to be about 13，000 years ago.”及第三段中的“However, 239 artefacts unearthed...dated back an astonishing 30，000 years！”可知，从洞穴最深处发现的人工制品动摇了北美的传统信仰。
30．What does the underlined word “enigma” in paragraph 5 mean
A.Problem.　　　　　 B．Breakthrough.
C.Appeal. D．Mystery.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“We don't know ... where they went.”可推知，他们对考古学家来说完全是一个谜。因此，画线词意为“谜”。
31．In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage
A.Archaeology. B．Anecdote.
C.Travel. D．Literature.
A　解析：文章出处题。通读全文尤其是第一段中的“Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas...as early as 30，000 years ago.”可知，文章介绍了一项考古发现，因此，我们最有可能在报纸的考古专栏中读到这篇文章。
D
A team of divers has recently discovered what's believed to be the longest underwater cave in the world, just three miles from the white sand beaches of the Mexican resort (度假胜地) of Tulum.
The findings confirm that the huge 163-mile-long Sac Actun system is connected to the 53-mile-long Dos Ojos system, bringing the total length of the caves to amazing 216 miles. Some of the caves have a depth of more than 332 feet.
With more than 200 caves, they thought there was chance that something record-breaking would be found below the surface—they just had no proof—until now. Divers have long known that Tulum's underground caves and rivers are frequently connected, but finding this connection was a task that involved years of searching through labyrinthine (复杂的) passageways.
More exciting than the amazing underwater photographs coming out of the caves is the possibility of uncovering the secrets of the Maya civilisation, which ruled this region before the 16th century.
“The area also has lots of historical treasures，” said underwater archaeologist and project director Guillermo de Anda. “Parts of the region were inhabited by the ancient Maya civilisation before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. The discovery will help us better understand the rich culture in the region.”
The combined cave will be known as the Sac Actun system. But while its size makes it the longest underwater cave, it can't take the title of the longest cave. That belongs to the Mammoth Cave in the American hillsides of Kentucky—thought to be near double the length. They'll need to keep diving to beat that one.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了墨西哥的潜水员们发现了世界上最长的水下洞穴，这一发现将帮助我们更加深入地了解有关玛雅文明的历史。
32．What discovery have the divers recently made
A.There are more than 200 caves in the area.
B.Some of the caves have a depth of more than 332 feet.
C.There is something record-breaking below the surface.
D.The Sac Actun system is connected to the Dos Ojos system.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，这群潜水员发现Sac Actun洞穴系统与Dos Ojos洞穴系统相连。
33．What made researchers extraordinarily excited about the discovery
A.They might discover more caves in the area.
B.They might find some unique animals in the caves.
C.It might help them better understand the area's history.
D.It might greatly contribute to the tourism in the area.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容及第五段中的“The discovery will help us better understand the rich culture in the region.”可知，让研究人员格外兴奋的是，这一发现可能有助于他们更好地了解该地区的历史。
34．What's the length of the longest cave that has been discovered in the world
A.52 miles. B．164 miles.
C.216 miles. D．Over 400 miles.
D　解析：数字计算题。根据第二段内容及最后一段中的“But while its size makes it the longest...thought to be near double the length.”可知，世界上发现的最长洞穴超过400英里长。
35．What is probably the passage
A.A book review.
B.A science report.
C.A history textbook.
D.A guidebook.
B　解析：文章类型题。通读全文，尤其是第一段和第二段可知，文章主要介绍墨西哥的潜水员们发现了世界上最长的水下洞穴，这是一项新的科学发现。因此，文章可能是一篇科学报道。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people today think of the pyramids of Giza as the symbol of ancient Egyptian culture. But who actually built them For years, we did not know for sure. Now, however, archaeologists have discovered an ancient city near the pyramids. Close by, there is a cemetery (墓地) where the pyramid builders were buried. From studying these places, archaeologists are sure that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners.36.________
It took about 80 years to build the pyramids. Archaeologists believe that about 20，000-30，000 people took part in the construction.37.________ Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks. People also worked on different teams, each with its own name. Workers often competed to see whose team could do a job faster.
“We can see that in their skeletons (骨骼)，” says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bones found in the cemetery. According to her research, the bones show signs of arthritis (关节炎).38.________Archaeologists have also found many female skeletons in the ancient city and cemetery. The damage to their bones is similar to that of the men.39.________ Men generally lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35.However, workers usually had enough food, and they also received medical care if they got sick or hurt.
40．________ On a wall in Khufu's Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote “Friends of Khufu”．“It's because they were not just building the tomb of their king，” says Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass. “They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone was a part.”
A.It still remains a mystery.
B.Ordinary Egyptians built them.
C.The workers took on different roles.
D.In fact, their lives may have been even harder.
E.They worked on the same jobs but competed to be the best.
F.The task was challenging, but builders were proud of their work.
G.This probably developed from carrying heavy things for a long time.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。考古学家发现埃及金字塔并不是由奴隶或者外国人建造的，而是由当时的埃及人建造的。
36．B　解析：根据上文“From studying these places...were not built by slaves or foreigners.”可知，空处应进一步说明金字塔到底是谁建造的。B项符合语境。
37．C　解析：根据下文“Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks.”可知，人们分工不同。C项符合语境。
38．G　解析：根据上文“According to her research, the bones show signs of arthritis.”可知，空处应介绍建设者得关节炎的原因。G项符合语境。
39．D　解析：根据下文“Men generally lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35.”可知，女性当时的生活更加艰难。D项符合语境。
40．F　解析：根据下文“They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone was a part.”可知，建设者们以建金字塔为荣，每个人都在努力。F项符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was in the third grade, my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country. It turned out to be more than just a __41__ journey; it was a journey of discovery into our __42__．
Every day, Dad __43__ us with his trusty road map. Mom, the heart of our family, shared folk tales and painted pictures about the upcoming __44__.We went through diverse __45__ from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the west.
One day, while hiking through the Grand Canyon, I __46__ a particularly rough path. Frightened, I __47__， not knowing how to proceed. That's when my parents __48__．
As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming __49__ and reminded me of the breathtaking views that lay ahead. Then, I __50__ the confidence as my feet __51__ solid ground again. When I finally overcame my fear, I felt we became __52__ as a family.
From then on, every evening, we'd gather around a campfire for what we __53__ called “Family Reflection Time”. During these sessions, we'd share laughter, __54__ , and insights from the day's experiences.
The trip taught me that the true meaning of travel isn't merely about reaching the destination but about the personal growth that happens on the route, and the family bonds form when we face __55__ together.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和家人进行的一次难忘的全国旅行的经历。通过这次旅行，作者认识到了旅行的真正意义。
41．A.crowded　　　　　　 B．physical
C.creative D．necessary
B　解析：根据上文“my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country”可推知，此处指这次难忘的旅行不仅仅是身体上的(physical)消耗。
42．A.relationships B．potentials
C.dreams D．inspirations
A　解析：根据下文“the family bonds form”可知，这也是一次增进作者一家家庭关系(relationship)的旅行。
43．A.guided B．encouraged
C.comforted D．attracted
A　解析：根据下文“his trusty road map”可知，父亲用地图的目的是指引(guide)作者一家。
44．A.events B．stations
C.locations D．shows
C　解析：根据上文“shared folk tales and painted pictures about the upcoming”可知，母亲不仅分享各种民间故事还画了关于即将到来的地点(location)的图片。
45．A.cultures B．landscapes
C.groups D．countries
B　解析：根据下文“from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the west”可知，作者全家经历了从茂密的森林到西部广阔的沙漠的各种景象，这些都属于沿途经历的风景(landscape)。
46．A.imagined B．constructed
C.smoothed D．encountered
D　解析：根据上文“while hiking through the Grand Canyon”可知，作者徒步大峡谷时，遇到(encounter)了一条特别崎岖的道路。
47．A.froze B．flew
C.fell D．forgot
A　解析：根据下文“not knowing how to proceed”可知，作者僵(freeze)在那里，不知道如何继续前行。
48．A.reached down B．stood aside
C.stepped in D．turned back
C　解析：根据下文“Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me”可知，父母这个时候介入(step in)了，都在想方设法帮助作者。
49．A.words B．worries
C.noises D．thoughts
A　解析：根据上下文语境可知，父亲给作者指明立足点，母亲用平静的话语(word)指导作者，让作者忘记恐惧，因此作者恢复(restore)了继续前进的信心。
50．A.lost B．maintained
C.demonstrated D．restored
D　解析：参见上题解析
51．A.left B．broke
C.found D．dug
C　解析：根据上文“not knowing how to proceed”和下文的again可知，之前作者不知道如何前进，经过父母的帮助，作者冷静下来，找到(find)了坚实的地面。
52．A.nicer B．tougher
C.braver D．closer
D　解析：根据下文“From then on ... called ‘Family Reflection Time.’”可知，作者在父母的帮助下，战胜了恐惧，经过这次事件，一家人之间的关系更亲密(closer)了。
53．A.originally B．affectionately
C.frequently D．nearly
B　解析：根据语境可知，历经此事，全家每晚都会聚集在篝火旁，大家亲切地(affectionately)称之为“家庭反思时间”。
54．A.sympathies B．conflicts
C.tears D．profits
C　解析：根据上文描述的大家聚在篝火旁反思可知，全家人分享欢笑和眼泪(tear)，还有一天的经历。
55．A.challenges B．defeats
C.oppositions D．uncertainties
A　解析：根据上文内容可知，作者经历了一次挑战，感觉家人之间的关系更近了。由此作者得出结论：家庭纽带是在共同面对挑战(challenge)时形成的。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Zuojiang Huashan rock paintings, from South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 56.____________ (include) in the World Heritage List in 2016. It was the first time that China's rock paintings had been listed as a world heritage.
57．____________ (locate) on the towering cliffs (悬崖) in the border regions of China, these 38 sites of rock art, the cliffs themselves, and Mingjiang River together form an 58.____________(impress) cultural landscape. The rock art, combined with its special landscape, 59.____________(convey) the vigorous spiritual and social life of the Luoyue people, who are believed to be ancestors of the present-day Zhuang people.
The main painted area along the cliffs has a width of about 170 meters and a 60.____________(high) of about 40 meters. The paintings are between 30 meters and 90 meters 61.____________ the river's level. The main area contains about 1，900 paintings, 62.____________ include human figures as well as animals along with bronze drums, knives, swords, bells, and ships. Human figures are 63.____________(typical) between 60 centimeters and 150 centimeters tall, but 64.____________ highest figure is over 2 meters.
The paintings were originally thought 65.____________ (date) from the period around the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. The period of their creations spans the time from the Warring States Period to the late Han Dynasty in the history of China.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了被列入《世界遗产名录》的广西壮族自治区的左江花山岩画。
56．were included　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in 2016可知，句子应用一般过去时态；include与主语The Zuojiang Huashan rock paintings之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语为复数，be动词应用were。
57．Located　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为form，空处作非谓语。locate与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。
58．impressive　解析：考查形容词。修饰名词landscape，应用形容词impressive作前置定语。
59．conveys　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的谓语。根据句中定语从句的时态可知，此处是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语为The rock art是单数形式，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。
60．height　解析：考查名词。根据句意及空前的a可知，空处应用名词height，表示“高度”。
61．above　解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示这些画位于河面以上30米到90米之间。above强调位置高于某物。
62．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为1，900 paintings，在从句中作主语，为物，应用关系代词which引导。
63．typically　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，应用副词typically，意为“一般、通常”。
64．the　解析：考查冠词。修饰最高级highest，应用定冠词the。
65．to date　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为句型“(sb./sth.) be thought ＋动词不定式”，空处应用动词不定式to date。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
公元四世纪之后，举世闻名的楼兰古城突然销声匿迹，这一直引发人们的猜测。请根据提示写一篇英语短文：
1．曾经是绿洲，众多商队在此暂时休憩；在古代丝绸之路上占有极为重要的地位；
2．有人认为楼兰人乱砍滥伐导致了地理和气候变化，最终造成王国消亡；
3．科学家认为给楼兰人最后一击的是瘟疫，人们逃离了家乡。
注意：词数80左右。
参考词汇：绿洲(oasis)；商队(caravan)；瘟疫(plague)
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One possible version：
After the 4th century, the world-famous ancient city of Loulan suddenly disappeared. It was once an oasis where many caravans would rest for relaxation and energy supplies. It played a vital role on the ancient silk road.
Some people think that Loulan locals themselves blindly cut down trees，leading to sandstorms，river diversion and abnormal weather.As a result, the kingdom was eventually destroyed.
However，scientists hold the view that the Loulan people were finally struck by the plague，which is a terrible disease.In the face of a disturbing epidemic，Loulan people chose to flee from their hometown.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I had been swimming competitively for five years but after such a long time, I was ready to quit. I was often the only African American at the swimming competitions and our team couldn't afford good uniforms. However, my number one reason for wanting to quit was that I kept receiving honorable mentions (荣誉奖). Any athlete knows that you don't want to have a bookshelf full of honorable mentions, which you got just because you showed up.
One summer day, the day before a big swim meet, I decided to break the news to my grandma that I was quitting the swim team.When I told her, she looked me in the eye and said，“Baby, remember these words: Quitters never win and winners never quit. Your grandmother didn't raise losers or quitters.You go to that swim meet tomorrow, and you swim like you are a grandchild of mine, you hear？” I was too afraid to say anything but “Yes, ma'am.”
The next day we arrived at the swim meet late, missing my group of swimmers in the 15/16 age group. My coach insisted that I be allowed to swim with the older group. I knew that she was including me in the race so that our journey to the meet would not be wasted, and she had no expectations whatsoever that I would come in anything but the eighth place and only that, because there weren't nine lanes.
As I was standing on the board, all the other girls looked at me. I quickly noticed that these girls were here to do one thing—beat me! All of a sudden, my grandma's words rang in my head，“Quitters never win and winners never quit. You swim like you are a grandchild of mine.”“Yes, Grandma, I will swim like I am a grandchild of yours，” I said to myself.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
SPLASH! I swam harder than I had ever swum before.________________________________________________________
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It was then that I heard the claps and cheers around me._________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
SPLASH! I swam harder than I had ever swum before. Nervous and excited, I sped up constantly, having a half-body lead over the other girls. However, they soon caught up and closed the distance. Halfway through the race, the girl to my left almost drew level with me, while I already began to feel tired. At that moment, the powerful words of my grandma echoed again in my ears, “Quitters never win and winners never quit.” I willed my arms and legs to keep swimming and gathered all my strength to swim the last 50 meters. As soon as I touched the wall, I looked at the screen, waiting anxiously for the result.
It was then that I heard the claps and cheers around me. I saw my time on the screen but could hardly believe it—mine was at the top of the list! My coach ran to me and hugged me tightly when I got out of the water. Narrow victory as it was, I did win my first real trophy that day. Everything felt like a dream as I stood on the podium, weeping tears of joy. Back at home, I delightedly replaced the honorable mentions on my shelf with the new trophy. “Yes, Grandma, you're right. Quitters never win and winners never quit.”Period 2　Using language
复习名词性从句
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(1)(教材P66)Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.
通过比较，他发现117座已知的玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。
(2)(教材P66)Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America, Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.
玛雅文明的范围从现今我们所知道的墨西哥的部分区域向南延伸至中美洲，自19世纪被再次发现以来，它就充满了神秘色彩。
(3)(教材P66)What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power.
这些复杂建筑的最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，它们是如何建成的。
(4)(教材P68)Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
尽管他的理论已经被学者否定，但这显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中的影响力有多大。
(5) (教材P68)But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
但其中最大的谜团是为何玛雅人遗弃了他们绝大部分的大城市。
(6)(教材P67)The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得其种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。
(7)(教材P68)Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
玛雅文明衰落的原因一直是一个谜。
(8)(教材P68)By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。
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以上各句中的黑体部分均为名词性从句，其中句(1)、(2)、(4)中的黑体部分均为宾语从句，从句可以放在及物动词和介词的后面。句(3)中第二个is前面的黑体部分和句(7)、(8)中的黑体部分均为主语从句；从句(8)可以看出，that引导该从句时，可用it作形式主语。句(3)中第二个is后面的黑体部分和句(5)中的黑体部分均为表语从句，从句置于系动词is的后面。句(6)中的黑体部分为同位语从句，用来说明主语The fact的具体内容。
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名词性从句是在复合句中起名词作用的从句，故其功能相当于名词，在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中的不同语法功能，名词性从句又可分为以下几个种类：
分类 语法功能
主语从句 在复合句中作主语；有时可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末
宾语从句 作及物动词、介词的宾语；有时可用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句末
表语从句 位于系动词之后作表语
同位语从句 在复合句中作某一名词的同位语，说明其内容，一般紧跟在该名词之后
一、that、whether/if、as if/though和because引导的名词性从句
1．that引导的名词性从句
that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，本身无意义，可引导所有的名词性从句。that 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时通常不能省略，引导宾语从句时通常可以省略。
2．whether/if引导的名词性从句
(1)whether和if本身有意义，意为“是否”，在从句中不充当句子成分。whether可引导所有的名词性从句，if主要引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。
(2)whether与 if引导名词性从句时大多数情况下可以互换，但下列情况下只能用whether：
①后面直接跟or not时；②位于介词后引导宾语从句时。
3．as if/though、because引导的名词性从句
as if/though、because在从句中不作任何句子成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”。
(1)as if/though主要置于系动词look、 seem、 sound、 be、 become等后面引导表语从句。
(2)because主要置于be动词之后引导表语从句。
二、连接代词引导的名词性从句
连接代词 用法
what 意为“什么；……的事物”，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
whatever 意为“任何(事物)”，相当于anything that，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语
who 意为“谁”，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whoever 意为“任何人”，相当于anyone who，在名词性从句中作主语或宾语
whom 意为“谁”，在名词性从句中作宾语
whomever 意为“无论谁”，在名词性从句中作宾语
whose 意为“谁的”，在名词性从句中主要作定语，表示所属关系
which 意为“哪一个”，在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语，表示有范围的选择
whichever 意为“无论哪个”，在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或定语，表示有范围的选择
三、连接副词引导的名词性从句
引导名词性从句的连接副词有when、 whenever、 where、 wherever、 why、 how等，均在从句中作状语。
四、it代替名词性从句
1．it作形式主语，代替主语从句
(1)It＋be＋形容词＋从句．；
(2)It＋be＋名词(词组)＋从句．；
(3)It＋be＋过去分词＋从句．；
(4)It＋不及物动词(短语)(seem、 appear、 occur to sb.、happen等)＋从句．
2．it作形式宾语，代替宾语从句
(1)sb. find/feel/think/consider/make/believe＋it＋宾语补足语(形容词或名词)＋从句．；
(2)sb. like/dislike/hate/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句．；
(3)sb. see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句．；
(4)sb. take it for granted/owe it to ...＋从句．
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用适当的连接词填空
(1)(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming.
(2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is why they need an English trainer.
(3)(2022·浙江卷1月) Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely.
(4)Since the Ming Dynasty, Yingge Dance has been regarded as the symbol of good fortune, and people believe that whoever gets into the Yingge Dance troupe (表演团) this year will be successful and everything will go well.
(5)The fact that skywells still exist today shows how clever ancient builders were in using nature's elements to create energy-sufficient and sustainable living spaces.
(6)The main feature of the weather of the Grain Rain is that it is rainy, and the rainfall increases after the Grain Rain solar term.
(7)She has been working hard at her art since the age of two; that was when Dadfirst became aware of his daughter's interest in painting.
(8)Besides, almost every country has made it a must that students learn English in colleges.
(9)“It is believed that it belongs to the late Yangshao period，” said Li Shiwei from Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, who is in charge of the excavation (发掘) site.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response.
2．(2022·全国甲卷)Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
3．As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whichever suits you best.
4．The limits of a person's intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
5．It is often the case that things may cause discomfort for people if they are not in their proper place.
6．Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
7．—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's where I don't agree. You should have a more active life.
8．He is always willing to help others, which is why people particularly respect him.
9．Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
10．Drawing helps widen your communicative range. This is because it allows you to express what you feel and what you want in a different way.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．明天是否举行运动会取决于天气如何。
Whether the sports meeting will be held tomorrow depends on what the weather is like．
2．他没有出席会议的原因是他遇到了交通堵塞。
The reason why he didn't attend the meeting was that he had been caught in a traffic jam．
3．令我惊讶的是有这么多人通过努力打破了纪录。
What makes me surprised is that so many people broke the recordswith efforts.
4．他是否应加入这支队伍这个问题还没有决定。
The question whether he should join the team hasn't been decided.INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．The economy in that country has__shrunk(shrink) by 1% just in the past three months, marking a potential downturn in economic activity and raising concerns about the country's economic outlook.
2．If more people join in the trend to ride bicycles to work, then the air quality will be improved notably(notable).
3．If you continue to__complain(complain) about your study, you will never make progress in it.
4．These substances (substance) have been found to be effective in treating certain types of cancer.
5．(译林选必三 U2)The results of these space investigations(investigate) have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin, evolution, and likely future of the universe, such as planets, stars, and all other forms of matter and energy.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．We ran for our lives when we heard that a lion had escaped from its cage in the wildlife park.
2．Please remember to leave your room keys at reception when you check out．
3．These ancient messages and sketches offer a window into the daily routine and interests of the people in ancient times.
4．There are many challenges at the very depths of the ocean and there are also many parts that are beyond the reach of human exploration.
5．Earning a bachelor's degree from a top university can be equivalent to opening many doors of opportunity in the job market.
维度三　完成句子/句型转换
1．你可以来北京度假。如果这样的话，我将带你参观颐和园。(if型省略结构)
You can come to Beijing for a holiday. If__so,__I'll show you around the Summer Palace.
2．人们希望这些发现能为了解宇宙的起源提供新的窗口。(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)
It__is__hoped__that__these__discoveries__can__offer__a__new__window__into the origin of the universe.
3．They entered the classroom, and a naughty boy sat in the front of it.(完全倒装＋定语从句)
→They entered the classroom, in__the__front__of__which__sat__a__naughty__boy．
[学生用书P208(单独成册)]
Ⅰ.回溯课文·语段微练
【改编自Developing ideas】
Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks. 1.________ Among these is the Esmeralda, the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia. Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail, there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored. 2.________
3．________ As with the discovery of the Esmeralda, many archaeological finds are made in shallow waters near the coast. These may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath the waves. 4.________ Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD, the ruins of Neápolis are almost 2，000 years old. The remaining streets and buildings offer a window into a fascinating period in our history. However, we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure, darkness and extreme cold at vast depths. 5.________
A．In fact, we have explored much on land and in space than we have under waters.
B．All of them represent attempts over the centuries to explore Earth's furthest corners.
C.Fragments of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
D．One such find is the ancient Roman city of Neápolis, discovered off the coast of Tunisia.
E.These are many shipwrecks containing many treasures under the oceans remained to be discovered.
F.We have more detailed maps of the Moon, and even of Venus and Mars, than we do of Earth's own sea bed.
G．Given our limited knowledge, it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.
答案：1～5.BFGDC
Ⅱ.融合教材·主题探究
【改编自译林选必三U4】
Following the Silk Road
Covering vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes, the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. A key section of the extensive Silk Road network is the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor，which stretches over a distance of around 5，000 kilometres through China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, covering a total of 8，700 kilometres of trade routes. The three countries jointly pursued an application for UNESCO World Heritage status. They submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor. This made history in its own way as the first successful multinational World Heritage application—and it seems to be only the beginning of the road for the Silk Road, as other countries are also planning World Heritage applications for other sections of the network.
The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Road network is Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), in Shaanxi Province of north-west China. It was famous as the capital of the Han and Tang Dynasties. Further west on the Silk Road, the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high, snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through the splendid Tianshan Mountains and emerge in the rolling valleys of Central Asia. Although the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor ends here, the network continues westwards until it reaches the Mediterranean.
The Silk Road began to develop in the 2nd century BCE. Assigned by the emperor, the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang'an to Central Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. Following Zhang's efforts, trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time, with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire. The network expanded gradually, playing an important role in world history between the 6th and 14th centuries, and remained in use until the 16th century.
1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph
A．The Silk Road is very long.
B.The Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor is a key section of the Silk Road.
C.The three countries jointly applied for UNESCO World Heritage status.
D.Other countries are also planning World Heritage applications.
2．What is the starting point of the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor
A．Chang'an (present-day Xi'an).
B．The Mediterranean.
C．Central Asia.
D．The Tianshan Mountains.
3．What does the underlined word “Assigned” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Refused.　　　　　 B．Ordered.
C．Invited. D．Suggested.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．The Silk Road is no longer in use.
B．The Silk Road had a great influence on world history.
C.The emperor didn't support Zhang Qian's journey.
D.The Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor is the only section of the Silk Road.
答案：1～4.CABB
[学生用书P209(单独成册)]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
“Experts using a high-tech laser scanner (激光扫描仪) have discovered thousands of abandoned ancient Maya buildings under the thick forests of northern Guatemala，” officials said on Thursday. “Some 60，000 buildings were found over the past two years in a scan of an area in the northern department of El Peten between Mexico and Belize，” said Marcello Canuto, an archaeologist at Tulane University in the United States and one of the project's lead researchers.
“These findings were a breakthrough in Maya archaeology，” Canuto said. “The new discoveries in this Central American country included city centers with sidewalks, homes, wide steps, farming facilities and so on.”
Among the finds was a 30-meter high pyramid that had been earlier recognized as a natural hill in Tikal. Also discovered in Tikal were a series of holes and a 14-kilometer-long wall.
Maya civilisation reached its height in what is present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, and parts of Belize, El Salvador and Honduras between 250 CE and 950 CE. “Researchers now believe that the Maya had a population of 10 million, which is much higher than previous judgment，” Canuto said.
The project depended on a remote sensing method known as LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). Aircraft with a LIDAR scanner produced 3D maps of the surface by using light in the form of a laser beam.
The technology helped researchers discover sites much faster than using traditional archaeological methods. “Now it is no longer necessary to cut through the jungle to see what's under it，” said Canuto.
“Details of the research will appear in a documentary to air on February 11 on the National Geographic TV channel，” said Minister of Culture and Sports José Luis Chea.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项发现玛雅建筑的新技术。
1．What did Canuto think of the new discoveries in the past two years
A．Crucial.　　　　　　 B.Frightening.
C．Annoying. D．Puzzling.
A　解析：观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Some 60，000 buildings were found over the past two years”和第二段中的“These findings were a breakthrough in Maya archaeology”可知，卡努托认为这些新发现是一个重大的突破。A项最符合卡努托的观点。
2．What can we know about the Maya according to the new discoveries
A．They might live in Africa.
B．Their living area might be less developed.
C．Their pyramid was made of a hill.
D．They might be a nation with a surprisingly large population.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchers now believe that the Maya had a population of 10 million, which is much higher than previous judgment”可知，玛雅可能人口众多。
3．Which of the following is an advantage of LIDAR
A．It saves money in discovering sites.
B．It is more convenient for researchers to cut through the jungle.
C．Explorers have to go deep into the jungle to research.
D．Research can be done at a distance.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，利用这项技术研究人员可以远程探索玛雅建筑，不用再去丛林中了。
4．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage
A．To inform readers of the new discoveries about the Maya.
B．To introduce a new method used to discover Maya buildings.
C．To show Maya development was of great influence.
D.To tell us a new documentary will be launched on TV in February.
B　解析：写作意图题。根据文章的篇章结构可知，文章开头提出了玛雅建筑的发现，后面引出了发现这个文明的新技术，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍这项新技术。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·黄冈中学高二期末)Joseph Dituri hasn't seen the sun for days. The biomedical engineer is being underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there in the name of __1__. The submerged stay, if __2__， will break the previous record of 73 days. Dituri is living in Jules' Undersea Lodge in Florida—the same underwater venue where the previous record was set. The 100-square-foot hotel is his intended home until the mission finishes, where he is __3__ his research.
During the project, Dituri is attempting to __4__ the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for a(n)__5__ period. The human body has never been underwater that long, so he is __6__ closely. Before, during and after the project, he needs to __7__ a series of tests, which measure the heart's function.“I __8__ there will be improvements to my health，” Dituri said. His assumption is not made __9__—a previous study indicated potential __10__ of being exposed to pressure to cell growth. Dituri hopes this journey could __11__ the treatment for age-related diseases.
Beyond research, the project is also a chance to promote ocean __12__．“The ocean is in a bit of trouble，” Dituri said in a video.“We also want to use the attention that the 100-day mission would draw to __13__young people's curiosity and passion.” Dituri will __14__ about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time.
“Even if I only stayed 60 days, it would be a __15__ if I eventually turned a whole bunch of kids on to the exploration of the sea，” he said in an interview.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了生物医学工程师约瑟夫·迪图里在水下待100天进行研究的挑战。
1．A.civilisation　　　　　　B.freedom
C．science D．entertainment
C　解析：根据上文biomedical engineer和下文his research可知，此处表示这位生物医学工程师以科学(science)的名义在水下待100天。
2．A.necessary B．convenient
C．accessible D．successful
D　解析：根据下文“will break the previous record of 73 days”可知，迪图里此次在水下停留成功(successful)才能打破之前73 天的纪录。
3．A.publishing B．conducting
C．advertising D．reviewing
B　解析：根据上文“The 100-square-foot hotel...the mission finishes”可知，在任务完成之前，这座100 平方英尺的酒店将是他的家，他在那里进行(conduct)研究。
4．A.forecast B．document
C．imagine D．dismiss
B　解析：根据上文During the project和下文“the effects of living in a high-pressure environment”可知，迪图里试图记录(document)生活在高压环境中的影响。
5．A.extended B．painful
C．typical D．essential
A　解析：根据上文spending 100 days there和“will break...record was set”可知，迪图里选择了上次打破纪录的人所在的同一地点，他要待一百天，这是延长了的(extended)在水下停留的时间。
6．A.informed B．persuaded
C．monitored D．warned
C　解析：根据上文“The human body has never been underwater that long”和下文“Before... tests”可知，因为从未有人在水下待过那么久，所以迪图里需要受到密切监视(monitor)。
7．A.pass B．complete
C．confirm D．arrange
B　解析：根据上文“he is ______closely”和下文a series of tests可知，迪图里需要完成(complete)一系列测试。
8．A.remember B．realize
C．suppose D．admit
C　解析：根据下文His assumption可知，此处指迪图里推测(suppose)自己的健康状况会有所改善。
9．A.hurriedly B．purposely
C．fearlessly D．groundlessly
D　解析：根据下文“a previous study indicated... to cell growth”可知，他的假设并非毫无根据(groundlessly)。
10．A.costs B．difference
C．practicality D．benefits
D　解析：根据上文“there will be improvements to my health”并结合此处语境可知，此处指之前的研究表明压力对细胞生长有潜在的好处(benefit)。
11．A.help with B．hold over
C．refer to D．depend on
A　解析：根据下文“the treatment for age-related diseases”可知，迪图里希望他的研究旅程能够帮助(help with)与年龄有关的疾病的治疗。
12．A.conservation B．exploitation
C．tourism D．transport
A　解析：下文“The ocean is in a bit of trouble”提到了对海洋的担忧，所以此处指这个项目也是一个促进海洋保护(conservation)的机会。
13．A.discover B．express
C．stimulate D．appreciate
C　解析：根据下文“young people's curiosity and passion” 和“turned a whole bunch of kids on to the exploration of the sea”可知，此处指利用这个为期100天的项目引起的关注来激发(stimulate)年轻人的好奇心和激情。
14．A.remind B．force
C．follow D．invite
D　解析：根据下文“about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time”可知，此处指迪图里将邀请(invite)大约40个孩子和他一起待 24小时。
15．A.win B．burden
C．bond D．symbol
A　解析：根据语境可知，他认为即使自己只待了60天，如果能让一群孩子对海洋探索产生兴趣，那就是一场胜利(win)。INCLUDEPICTURE "英WYXZXBX4Unit5LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英WYXZXBX4Unit5LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
INCLUDEPICTURE "语基默写温馨提示LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "语基默写温馨提示LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　《教材助读＋语基默写》见分册本
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1．Civilisation A．the scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, etc.
2．bury B．an act of increasing or making sth. increase in size,
amount or importance
3．Astronomy C．to leave a thing or place, especially because it
is impossible or dangerous to stay
4．canal D．a state of human society that is very developed
and organized
5．ruin E．the parts of a building that remain after it has been
destroyed or severely damaged
6．abandon F．to decide that sb./sth. is not important and not
worth thinking or talking about
7．dismiss G．to hide sth. in the ground or to cover sth. with soil
8．expansion H．a long straight passage dug in the ground and filled
with water for boats and ships to travel along
答案：1～5.DGAHE　6～8.CFB
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Activity 1　Reading for Genre and Structure
1．Genre:_____________
A．Argumentation (议论文).
B．Exposition (说明文).
C．Narration (记叙文).
答案：B
2．Structure and Clues：
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答案：(1)secrets　(2)calendar　(3)writing
(4)mysteriously　(5)solved　(6)thinking about
Activity 2　Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
It mainly talks about the mysteries of Maya civilisation．
Activity 3　Reading for Details
1．Read Part 1 and answer the following questions.
(1)What is the author's purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
A．To introduce Maya civilisation.
B．To amuse the readers.
C．To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
D．To inform the readers of the location of the Maya city.
答案：A
(2)How did William Gadoury spot an unknown Maya city
A．By going there personally.
B．By studying ancient star charts.
C．By learning the works written by scholars.
D．By making researches from people.
答案：B
(3)What do we know about William Gadoury
A．He got support from the scholars.
B．He drew many ancient star charts.
C．He found the positions of 117 stars.
D．He was fascinated by Maya civilisation.
答案：D
(4)What does the phrase “correspond to” mean
It means “be consistent with”．
2．Read Part 2 and answer the following questions.
(1)What is most extraordinary about these complex palaces and temples
A．Who built them.
B．Why people built them.
C．When people built them.
D．How people built them without machinery.
答案：D
(2)Which of the following is NOT the mystery of Maya civilisation
A．A true writing system.
B．The complex structure of palaces and temples.
C．The Maya calendar.
D．The extension of Maya civilisation.
答案：D
3．Read Part 3 and answer the following question.
Which of the following is TRUE
A．The technical standard of Maya was primitive.
B．In the early 16th century there were no Maya people.
C．Nowadays people have discovered the reason why Maya people left their cities.
D．In 700 AD, Maya civilisation came into being.
答案：A
4．Read Part 4 and answer the following questions.
(1)How does the author start paragraph 4
A．By listing examples.
B．By asking questions.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By analysing causes.
答案：B
(2)What played an important role in the decline of the Maya according to some research
A．Conflicts between cities.
B．The European settlers.
C．The spread of diseases.
D．The Maya people themselves.
答案：D
(3)Which of the following is the reason why the Maya people themselves led to destruction
A．They turned wetlands into fields.
B．They dug huge canal systems.
C．They cut more trees for construction.
D．All of the above.
答案：D
(4)What made the Maya people reduce their ability to deal with natural disasters
A．The growth of the Maya population.
B．Not following the laws of nature to change the landscape.
C．Conflicts between foreign nationalities and local people.
D．More and more natural disasters struck Maya.
答案：B
5．Read Part 5 and answer the following question.
What does the author mean by saying “Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.”？
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains to be studied further.
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Maya civilisation 1.has been surrounded(surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built 2.impressive (impress) palaces and temples without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya's 3.understanding (understand) of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing and it was applied 4.to the Maya calendar. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system.
The fact 5.that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of 6.generations (generation), it began to mysteriously decline. Some research seems 7.to indicate(indicate) that the Maya people themselves may have played 8.a part in their downfall. They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people 9.unknowingly (unknowing) reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.
Whatever the reasons, the rise and fall of this civilisation must leave us 10.thinking(think) about our own past, present and future.
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1．What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilisation
_____________________________________________________________________
2．What can we do to help protect modern civilisations
____________________________________________________________________
答案：Open answers.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．intrigue v.　 A．天文学
2．pyramid n. B．衰败
3．astronomy n. C．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，
引起……的好奇心
4．tropical adj. D．气旋；旋风
5．cyclone n. E．超级干旱
6．megadrought n. F．来自热带的；产于热带的
7．downfall n. G．金字塔
答案：1～5.CGAFD　6～7.EB
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．bury his face in his hands 他双手掩面
2．the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河
3．the ruins of the ancient city 古城的废墟
4．dismiss my proposal 拒绝考虑我的建议
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．civilisation n．文明(社会)→civilise vt.教化；使文明→civil adj.国民的；文明的；有礼貌的
2．abandon v．离弃，逃离→abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的
3．expansion n．扩大；增加→expand v．扩大，扩展→expansive adj.广阔的；全面的
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．I don't know why your account of the event does not correspond to(与……相一致) hers, so I hope you could provide more details to clarify the situation.
2．It is reported that the new technology will be applied to(被应用于) farming next year with the aim of improving agricultural efficiency.
3．We missed our flight, and on top of(除……之外) that, the airline had no available seats on any flights for the next 24 hours.
4．As computers became all the more(更加) popular in China, the Chinese were increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters.
5．At its peak(在它的鼎盛时期)，fifty thousand people lived there, but now only a fraction of the population is left.
6．After so many years of disrepair and exposure to the wind and rain, the old castle has fallen into ruin(沦为废墟).
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
A．根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．过去分词短语作后置定语
Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle(掩藏于丛林深处).(Para.1)
[分析]　此句中还含有省略that的宾语从句，作believed的宾语。
2．whatever引导让步状语从句
Whatever the reasons(无论原因是什么), Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.(Para.6)
3．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about(让我们思考) our own past, present and future.(Para.6)
B．根据汉语提示并使用以上句式结构完成下面的小短文
Archaeological discoveries bring us closer to history. Old relics, 1.unearthed and carefully studied(出土并经过仔细研究的), tell tales of the past. 2.Whatever difficulties we meet(无论我们遇到什么困难) in protecting them, we must persevere. We should 3.leave these precious historical heritages preserved perfectly(把这些珍贵的历史遗产保存好) for future generations.
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【层级一　高频词汇诠释】
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bury　v.将……埋在下面；埋藏；覆盖；遮盖；掩藏
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①(北师大选必四 U10)Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily.
她坐在桌边的椅子上，扑到桌上，脸埋在臂弯里，接着放声大哭起来。
②(经典例句)You will have to bury yourself in your studies, if you want to pass the entrance examinations.
如果你想通过入学考试，你必须埋头学习。
be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
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补全句子/句式升级
(1)Once you are buried in/bury yourself in (沉浸在) Tang poems, you'll be charmed by the wonderful Chinese language.
背诵点　应用文写作之建议信
(2)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms.
→David still refused to look at me, burying his head in his arms．(分词作状语)
→David still refused to look at me, with his head buried in his arms．(with复合结构)
→David still refused to look at me, his head buried in his arms．(独立主格结构)
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ruin　n.[C]残垣断壁，废墟；[U]毁坏；破灭　vt.毁坏，破坏；毁灭，使破产
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①(教材P68)Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
②(人教必修一U4)Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.
幸存者目光所及之处皆是废墟。城市里的一切几乎都被摧毁了。
(1)in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪；一片废墟
fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落；沦为废墟
(2)ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)It rained for one week on end, completely ruining(ruin) our holidays and leaving us disappointed that we had to cancel all our outdoor activities.
(2)She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her company fell into ruin and she finally decided to find a new job.
(3)一回到镇上，他们就震惊地发现他们的街区成了一片废墟，房屋倒塌，树木倒下。这一意外的景象让他们极为悲伤。
On returning to the town, they were shocked to find their neighborhood in ruins, with houses collapsed and trees down.This unexpected sight left them heartbroken.
背诵点　读后续写之场景描写
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abandon　v.放弃；离弃，遗弃，逃离；陷入，沉湎于　n．放纵；放任
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①(教材P68)But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
但其中最大的谜团是为何玛雅人遗弃了他们绝大部分的大城市。
②(译林选必一 U2)Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope.
然而，即使在他最黑暗的时刻，贝多芬都不曾放弃希望。
(1)abandon doing sth.　 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to (doing) sth.＝be abandoned to (doing) sth.
沉湎于(做)某事；放纵(感情)于(做)某事
(2)with abandon 纵情地；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 被抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的
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单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned(abandon).
(2)We had to abandon carrying(carry) out the plan because of unforeseen challenges and obstacles that had arisen.
(3)We sang，danced，and laughed with abandon(尽情地), forgetting the troubles in our lives.
背诵点　读后续写之动作描写
(4)史蒂文沉湎于丢失了他的猫的悲伤中，禁不住哭了起来。
Abandoning himself to/Abandoned to the sorrow of losing his cat, Steven just couldn't help crying.
背诵点　读后续写之情绪描写
【层级二　中频词汇积累】
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dismiss　v.拒绝考虑，否定，不予理会；消除，摒弃(思想、感情等)；解雇；开除；让(某人)离开；解散
(1)dismiss...from... 将……从……解雇/开除；
从……中消除/摒弃……
dismiss sb./sth. as sth./adj. 将……视为……而不予考虑
(2)dismissal n. 解雇；开除；不予考虑；摒弃
[微练]——写出下列句中dismiss的含义/补全句子
(1)Tom was dismissed from the job for incompetence last month and led a miserable life. 解雇
(2)I gently patted him on the shoulder to dismiss his fears from his mind. 消除
(3)(译林选必三 U3)For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends. 不予理会
(4)(人教选必四 U1)The clock struck eight. The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.让(某人)离开
(5)Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind(把那些想法从你的脑海中消除)—they're crazy and not worth thinking about.
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expansion　n.扩大；增加；扩张
(1)expand v. 使变大；伸展；扩大，扩展；增加
expand into 扩展成；扩大为；发展成
expand...into... 将……扩展/发展成……
expand on/upon 详述；详细阐明
(2)expanded adj. 扩充的；展开的
[微练]——单句语法填空/补全句子
(1)(译林选必三 U4)All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion(expand) as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods, knowledge and ideas.
(2)(2022·全国乙卷)In Wickenden's book，she expanded on/upon(详细说明) the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.
(3)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds(拓宽了我们的思维), makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.
【层级三　低频词汇拾遗】
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civilisation　n. 文明(社会)
①(经典例句) The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilisation.
维多利亚时代的人认为铁路带来了进步和文明。
②(经典例句)The book contrasts modern civilisation with the ideal of the noble savage who lived in harmony with nature.　这本书将现代文明同与自然界和谐相处的高尚野蛮人的理想进行了对比。
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canal　n.运河
①(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Shanghai may be the recognized home of the soup dumpling，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.
上海可能是公认的汤包之乡，但实际上食物历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河古镇——南翔才是小笼包的发源地。
②(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
他还设计了一台生态机器，用于清理中国东南部城市福州的运河水。
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过去分词短语作后置定语
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①(教材P66)Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
据此，他相信自己发现了掩藏于丛林深处的一座未知的玛雅城市的位置。
②(经典例句)The painting, hanging on the wall for decades and admired by countless visitors, finally found its way into a famous museum.
这幅画挂在墙上数十年，被无数游客欣赏，最终被一家著名的博物馆收藏。
(1)一般情况下，单个的过去分词作定语时，要放在被修饰词之前，而过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句；
(2)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动或完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者或表示该动作已经完成。不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动；
(3)现在分词作定语表示主动和进行。
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
(2)Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city combining(combine) high-end businesses and various industries.
(3)简心惊胆战地走近那座老旧、废弃的、用涂鸦标记的房子。她心中夹杂着好奇和恐惧，想知道这座房子被毁坏的墙壁里可能隐藏着什么秘密。
With her heart pounding, Jane approached the oldabandoned house marked with graffiti, feeling a mix of curiosity and fear as she wondered what secrets it might hold within its ruined walls.
背诵点　读后续写之心理描写
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Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．natural phenomena 自然现象
2．ancient civilisations 古代文明
3．ancient star charts 古老星图
4．be accurate to within... 精确到……以内
5．claim riches 索取财富
6．a natural disaster 一场自然灾害
7．food shortages 食物短缺
8．the rise and fall of... ……的兴衰
9．unsolved mysteries 未解之谜
10．make an incredible discovery 有惊人的发现
11．animal power 畜力
12．a writing system 一套文字系统
13．a deadly disease 一种致死疾病
Ⅱ.品句填词
1．The company has decided to abandon(放弃) the project due to technical difficulties that could not be overcome.
2．On the top of the mountain lie ancient ruins(废墟), hidden from the world for centuries, waiting to be explored.
3．The company had to dismiss(解雇) several employees due to financial difficulties, which forced it to make tough decisions in order to maintain its operation.
4．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying(将……埋在下面) her head in the book in her hands.
5．Chinese citizens are to have their fingerprints recorded when applying(申请) for or changing their identity cards.
6. The forests disappeared gradually due to the rapid expansion(扩大) of human activities, particularly deforestation for agricultural land, leading to a significant loss of biodiversity.
Ⅲ.词块运用
1．On top of(除……之外) being dark, it rained, which made the journey even tougher and more challenging.
2．The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin(沦为废墟).
3．Tourism is at its peak(在它的鼎盛时期) in August in this big city, with an average of 10，000 visits per day.
4．The statement in the report didn't correspond to(与……相一致) what was actually said during the meeting, causing confusion and misunderstanding.
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[过基础　知识巩固]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．We saw abandoned(abandon) farms which once were full of life but now are empty, a reminder of the decline in traditional agriculture.
2．When I got into the office, I found Mr. Green buried(bury) in his work, without noticing my arrival.
3．I don't know why so many applicants have handed in their application to apply for such an easy and low-paying job. (apply)
4．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across this developing country, with the latest expansion(expand) in its largest city in August.
5．Jack was threatened with dismissal(dismiss) if he continued to turn up late for work.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．With a history of more than 2，000 years, some of the sections of the Great Wall are now in ruins or even have entirely disappeared.
2．At its peak, Shenzhen is one of the top three industrial centers in China and the other two are Shanghai and Suzhou.
3．On top of its beautiful scenery, the Potatso National Park is also famous for its rich biological diversity.
4．The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to what was actually said.
5．Since its introduction, the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has been applied to everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.
维度三　完成句子
1．无论付出什么代价，这座古建筑必须要保留。(whatever引导让步状语从句)
Whatever the cost is, the ancient building must be preserved.
2．男孩站起来走了，留下他的父亲坐在沙发上，一言不发。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
The boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on the sofa, not saying a word.
3．讲座安排在星期六上午9点至11点在学校礼堂举行，演讲人为林教授。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
The lecture scheduled on Saturday morning from 9 ：00 to 11：00 in the school hall will be delivered by Professor Lin.
[重教材　群文阅读]
Ⅰ.回溯课文·语段微练
【改编自Understanding ideas】
It isn't difficult to see why. 1 south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America, Maya civilisation has been surrounded by 2 since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples, including their 3 step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex 4 is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya's 5 of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. They 6 this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was 7 to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was a(n) 8 unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs 9 animals, people and objects and others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to 10 it completely.
1．A．Extending B．Breaking
C．Changing D．Dividing
2．A．popularity B．mystery
C．curiosity D．anxiety
3．A．separate B．simple
C．dramatic D．representative
4．A．applications B．designs
C．structures D．methods
5．A．understanding B．using
C．creation D．involvement
6．A．took B．cancelled
C．wrote D．applied
7．A．limited B．urgent
C．accurate D．stuck
8．A．sign B．achievement
C．stage D．landmark
9．A．representing B．including
C．engaging D．decorating
10．A．deny B．launch
C．interpret D．exceed
答案：1～5.ABDCA　6～10.DCBAC
Ⅱ.融合教材·主题探究
【改编自译林选必三U4】
Welcome, everybody. It's wonderful to be here. Before we begin, I want to ask you: have you ever been awed by natural wonders Have you ever been fascinated by human civilization If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. I have the belief that some of you have heard about UNESCO heritage sites or maybe even visited one! There are currently around 1，100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide. Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection. Let's look at some specific issues.
Heritage sites are at risk from natural forces. The long-term natural forces, such as wind, water and temperature, can gradually wear down heritage sites. For instance, the Great Pyramid of Giza is now several metres shorter than it was originally. Natural disasters, the sudden and powerful natural forces, can lead to the destruction of heritage sites: in 2003, a terrible earthquake shook south-eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam, an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site.
Another big danger is human activities. Wars can cause a great deal of damage to both cultural and natural heritage sites. Sometimes, amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of violence. In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.
Meanwhile, World Heritage status may give rise to a series of problems. One of the problems is the flood of tourists. Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year, so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear. The temples of Angkor in Cambodia are typical examples of unique architecture. Every day, thousands of tourists climbing up the narrow stone steps are wearing down these ancient buildings and the long-term consequences could lead to irreparable destruction of the internal structure.
1．What's the main idea of the second paragraph
A．UNESCO heritage sites are beautiful.
B．The Great Pyramid of Giza is shorter now.
C．Heritage sites are at risk from natural forces.
D．Natural disasters are very powerful.
2．What is one of the problems caused by World Heritage status
A．Lack of tourists.
B．Fewer donations.
C．The flood of tourists.
D．Decrease in popularity.
3．What does the underlined word “irreparable” in the last paragraph mean
A．Easy to repair.
B．Impossible to repair.
C．Not very serious.
D．Quickly repaired.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．All UNESCO heritage sites are in danger.
B．Human activities are the only danger to heritage sites.
C．There are no solutions to protecting heritage sites.
D．UNESCO is taking measures to protect heritage sites.
答案：1～4.CCBD
[过能力　综合提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·惠州高二期中)The Mogao Grottoes are located at the western end of the Hexi Corridor along the ancient Silk Road in Dunhuang, China. Until now, most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes have been dated by directly referring to the mural texts or historical documents. However, some are still left with the creation era (年代) uncertain due to the lack of reference materials or the disagreement of art experts.
The drawing style of mural paintings was changing throughout history and can be learned and quantified through painting data. A new dating method has been developed by encoding (把……编码) the drawing styles using visual codes learned through deep learning.This new method successfully discovered the creation era of six mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes, which was notable progress. This new research work is led by Qingquan Li from Shenzhen University.
With the help of experts from the Dunhuang Academy, seven mural paintings from two grottoes (No. 205 and No. 206) were chosen as subjects for this dating research.
To reveal the creation era of these paintings, Qin Zou, a researcher from Wuhan University, collected 3，860 mural paintings from 194 different grottoes with confirmed creation-era labels. To find the visual codes that can identify the era in these paintings, the authors constructed a deep convolutional neural network (卷积神经网络) and classified these painting images according to the right era. Based on the classification model, a dating method was built and applied to dating the seven paintings.
Six of the new dating results were approved by experts from the Dunhuang Academy.“These dating results are correct and the method is great，” said Mr. Hui-Min Wang, a distinguished expert from the Archaeological Institute of the Dunhuang Academy.
“To the best of our knowledge，” wrote the researchers, “this work represents the first account of a scientific and quantitative manner to support the era prediction and reduce the uncertainties in dating ancient paintings by using deep learning.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种新的测年方法来确定中国莫高窟古代壁画的年代。
1．In which way can most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes be directly dated
A．By checking painting data.
B．By identifying the drawing styles.
C．By referring to reference materials.
D．By adopting a convolutional neural network.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Until now...dated by directly referring to the mural texts or historical documents.”和“due to the lack of reference materials”可知，通过参考材料，如壁画文字或历史文献等，可以直接确定壁画的年代。
2．What can be learned about the new dating method
A．It requires a large number of visual codes.
B．It dated the seven chosen mural paintings correctly.
C．It was developed by experts in the Dunhuang Academy.
D．It involves collecting information from the mural texts.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A new dating method...using visual codes learned through deep learning.”和第四段中的“To reveal the creation era of...To find the visual codes...in these paintings...the right era.”可知，新的测年方法需要在大量的壁画作品中提取大量的视觉代码从而对绘画风格进行编码。
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The importance of creation-era labels.
B．How the classification model was created.
C．The influence of the new dating research.
D．Why the researcher chose 3，860 mural paintings.
B　解析： 段落大意题。根据第四段内容，尤其是关键词“collected 3，860 mural paintings”“constructed a deep convolutional neural network and classified these painting images”“a dating method was built and applied”可知，第四段主要介绍了分类模型是如何创建的。
4．What was Mr. Wang's attitude toward this new method
A．Doubtful. B．Critical.
C．Positive. D．Uninterested.
C　解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中王先生的话“These dating results are correct and the method is great”可推知，他对这种新的测年方法持积极态度。
B
(2024·长沙长郡中学高二期中)Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui Ruins site in Southwest China show that the region's ancient Shu Kingdom civilisation shared similarities with Maya civilisation.
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The Sanxingdui Ruins site, located in the city of Guanghan, about 60 kilometers from Chengdu, belonged to the ancient Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4，800 years ago and lasted more than 2，000 years, while Maya civilisation built its city states around 200 CE.
The bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the ancient Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of heaven, earth and the underworld in Maya civilisation. “It is a very important similarity，” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist, stressing that “the representations of trees in both cultures provide a kind of symbolism that is very similar”．
While the time period of the ancient Shu Kingdom and the Maya culture is greatly different, the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilisations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their world views through related symbols. “In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space. What we have is that, at the latitude both the ancient Shu people and the Maya looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon，” the expert says.
One notable feature of the recent discoveries at the Sanxingdui Ruins site was the cross-subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts to be as fragile as silk remains.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Maya world, where the rainy climate and humidity (温度) are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak the same language or not, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental，” says Santos.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。中国西南部著名的三星堆遗址的发现表明，该地区的古蜀国文明与玛雅文明有着相似之处，并介绍了保护这两个遗址的共同挑战和文化交流的重要性。
5．What is a similarity between the ancient Shu Kingdom and Maya civilisation
A．Their starting time.
B．Their historical origins.
C．Their cultural symbols.
D．Their ceremony traditions.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘It is a very important similarity，’．..‘the representations of trees in both cultures provide a kind of symbolism that is very similar’．”可知，古蜀国和玛雅文明的一个相似之处是文化符号。
6．What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins
A．Damp weather.
B．Locating of ruins.
C．High latitude.
D．Language barriers.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They developed in areas with comparable climates”和倒数第二段内容可知，这两处遗址的所在地有类似的气候，即多雨、潮湿，因此保护这两处遗址的共同挑战是潮湿的天气。
7．What is the focus of Santos' words in the last paragraph
A．The future of the China-Mexico cooperation.
B．The benefits of speaking a different language.
C．The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
D．The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段中桑托斯的话的重点是文化知识交流的重要性。
8．Where is this passage most likely from
A．A historical novel. B．A newspaper.
C．A biography. D．A guidebook.
B　解析：文章出处题。根据第一段内容以及后面的相关介绍“古蜀国文明和玛雅文明有相似之处，保护这两个遗址具有共同的挑战以及文化交流的重要性”可推知，这篇文章时效性强，最可能来自报纸。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Pennsylvania is full of mysterious places! One of those is an old turnpike (收费高速公路) 1 for decades. My dad loves history, and he learned it was open to the public. 2 ， when I was 14, we took a bike trip to 3 this road!
My dad chose a 16-mile 4 of the road for us to ride.Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long! To 5 ， we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries.In the morning, we loaded our bikes into the car and set off.As we approached the tunnel, I felt 6 as it was absolutely black inside! But Dad encouraged me.He said he would be beside me.He reminded me to stay 7 and keep my light on!
When we 8 the tunnel, the sound of our bikes was heard through the darkness.I shined my flash light around and saw walls 9 in graffiti.And I felt like I was being 10 ！ I was pretty scared, but 11 on following Dad helped me relax.After riding half-way through, I could see light coming from the other end, motivating me to keep going.And I was so delighted to ride out into the bright afternoon!
Whenever going through 12 in life, I remember this trip.It reminds me that my father is always beside me.He turns on the light of hope in my 13 ， as well as gives me 14 to keep riding through life's 15 tunnels.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和爸爸的一次终生难忘的公路探险的经历。每当生活中遇到困难时，作者都会想起这次经历，它提醒作者，爸爸总是在作者的身边，给了作者战胜困难的希望和勇气。
1．A．designed B．destroyed
C．abandoned D．locked
C　解析：根据上文an old turnpike及下文“My dad loves history”可知，因为爸爸喜欢历史，“我们”才去探险，因此这条收费公路应该是废弃(abandon)了几十年。
2．A．However B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
C　解析：根据上下文可知，爸爸喜欢历史，所以(therefore)在作者14岁那年作者和爸爸骑自行车去探索(explore)那段废弃的公路。
3．A．explore B．construct
C．protect D．repair
A　解析：参见上题解析。
4．A．tunnel B．section
C．block D．course
B　解析：根据下文“Part of it...over a mile long！”可知，该路段包括一条超过一英里长的古老隧道，因此此处是指一段16英里长的路段(section)。
5．A．participate B．register
C．cooperate D．prepare
D　解析：根据下文“checked our tires...had batteries”可知，检查车胎，并确保车灯里装了电池，都是公路探险前的准备(prepare)工作。
6．A．excited B．nervous
C．annoyed D．exhausted
B　解析：根据下文“as it was absolutely black inside！But Dad encouraged me.”可知，作者感到紧张(nervous)。
7．A．silent B．curious
C．cautious D．positive
C　解析：根据语境可知，隧道里一片漆黑，因此爸爸提醒作者要保持小心谨慎(cautious)。
8．A．approached B．observed
C．constructed D．entered
D　解析：根据上文“we approached the tunnel”可知，此处发生在接近隧道之后，是说他们进入(enter)了隧道。
9．A．covered B．buried
C．absorbed D．dressed
A　解析：根据下文graffiti可知，作者发现墙壁被涂鸦所覆盖(cover)，即墙上满是涂鸦。
10．A．forced B．watched
C．abused D．judged
B　解析：根据常识可知，涂鸦多是表情夸张的人物画像，因此作者感觉自己被墙上的画像注视着(watch)。
11．A．depending B．surviving
C．calling D．focusing
D　解析：根据下文“on following Dad helped me relax”可知，集中(focus)精力跟着爸爸走能让作者放松下来。
12．A．accidents B．hardships
C．regulations D．incidents
B　解析：此处用隧道比喻生活中的困难，说的是每当生活中遇到困难(hardship)时，作者都会想起这次旅行。
13．A．chest B．trip
C．work D．heart
D　解析：根据上文“the light of hope”可知，此处是指心(heart)中的希望之光。
14．A．courage B．pride
C．excitement D．enthusiasm
A　解析：根据上文内容可知，在紧张害怕时，爸爸鼓励作者，此处是指给作者勇气(courage)。
15．A．difficult B．distant
C．dark D．long
C　解析：根据上文“it was absolutely black inside”可知，隧道里面一片漆黑，此处是指生活中的黑暗(dark)隧道。Period 4　Writing
INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 写作一　应用文写作——介绍未解之谜的说明文
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假定你是校报编辑，在本期《科学探秘》专栏中，要向读者介绍世界未解之谜“神农架野人”。请你用英语写一篇短文，要点包括：
1.神农架自然保护区位于湖北省，传说这里常有“野人”出没；
2.目击者称“野人”有两米多高，全身红棕色毛发，直立行走；
3.曾收集到“野人”的毛发和脚印等；
4.多年来，我国科学家一直在探索神农架，希望能解开“野人”之谜。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
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1.你听说过“野人”吗？
Have you ever heard__of the “wild man”？
2．传说湖北省神农架自然保护区自古以来就不时出现“野人”。
Legend__has__it__that the “wild man” appeared from time to time in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in Hubei Province from early times.
3．据目击者称，“野人”身高超过两米，有着有力的手臂和强壮的双腿，全身都是红棕色的毛发，直立行走。
According to witnesses, the “wild man” is over__two__metres__tall,__with powerful arms, strong legs and reddish-brown hair all over, and walks upright.
4．更多有关“野人”的证据被收集到，如毛发和脚印。
Further__evidence__of__the__“wild__man”__was__collected,__such as hair and footprints.
5．多年来，中国科学家一直在探索神农架，因为他们希望有一天能解开这个谜团。
For years, Chinese scientists have__been__exploring Shennongjia, because they hope to solve the mystery someday.
6.到目前为止，人们还没有证明神农架有“野人”存在。
So far, people haven't__proved__that__there__is__the__“wild__man” in Shennongjia.
7．一些科学家猜测它可能是一种类似猿的灵长类动物，与人类相似。
Some scientists guess it may be a kind of ape-like primate which__is__similar__to__human__beings．
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8．【读教材原句】　(教材P76)Being a tough environment of complete darkness, enormous pressure and intense cold, the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration.
【记句式】　现在分词短语作状语
【学仿写】　用现在分词短语作状语改写句5
For__years,__Chinese__scientists__have__been__exploring__Shennongjia,__hoping__to__solve__the__mystery__someday.
9．【读教材原句】　(外研必修二U3)That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
【记句式】　that引导主语从句
【学仿写】　用that引导主语从句改写句6
So__far,__that__there__is__the__“wild__man”__in__Shennongjia__hasn't__been__proved.
10．【读教材原句】　(外研选必三U4)Of course，it could be very useful to have a more advanced form of AI—a truly independent form of artificial intelligence, capable of exercising its own judgement, could help us solve many of the world's problems.
【记句式】　形容词短语作定语
【学仿写】　用形容词短语作定语改写句7
Some__scientists__guess__it__may__be__a__kind__of__ape-like__primate__similar__to__human__beings.
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_________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Have you ever heard of the “wild man”？ Legend has it that the “wild man” appeared from time to time in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in Hubei Province from early times.
According to witnesses, the “wild man” is over two metres tall, with powerful arms, strong legs and reddish-brown hair all over, and walks upright. Further evidence of the “wild man” was collected, such as hair and footprints. For years, Chinese scientists have been exploring Shennongjia, hoping to solve the mystery someday.
So far, that there is the “wild man” in Shennongjia hasn't been proved, but some scientists guess it may be a kind of ape-like primate similar to human beings.
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下表是关于世界未解之谜“百慕大三角(Bermuda Triangle)”的一些信息，请你根据此表写一篇英语短文，简单介绍一下“百慕大三角”。
地理位置 位于北大西洋西部，大约呈三角形
怪异现象 很多飞机和船只在这里神秘失踪，没有留下任何痕迹
人们的猜测 ①外星人在作怪；②当地特殊的地理条件造成的
注意：1.词数 80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
One possible version：
There are many unexplained mysteries in the world, of which the Bermuda Triangle is a particular one. This is an area in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean, roughly triangular in shape, where numerous ships and planes have disappeared mysteriously，leaving no wreckage or body.
Several guesses have been made to explain the disturbing incidents that occurred in the area. Some people think aliens might have arrived there and taken those ships and planes away, while some believe the incidents might be caused by special local geographical conditions. But no one can give a believable reason. Maybe we can find the answer later on with the development of science and technology.
INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 写作二　读后续写强效篇——一名建筑师指引“我”找到职业方向
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在读后续写中巧用状语结构可以使状态描写更生动、更具体。常见的状语结构为：形容词作状语和非谓语动词作状语；此外，with复合结构和独立主格结构也可以充当状语。
1．形容词
形容词作状语时通常用来补充说明主语的状态，一般表示原因、结果或者伴随。
*Curious to know what was happening inside, Eric pushed the door open and slipped into the house. (原因状语)
*Jerry was encouraged by the teacher's smile, full of confidence in his plan. (结果状语)
*Lost in the forest, Mary lay under a tree, full of fear and despair.(伴随状语)
2．非谓语动词，with复合结构，独立主格结构
分词作状语时，可以表示原因、结果、伴随、时间等。v.-ing形式作状语时所表达的动作与逻辑主语之间构成主动关系；v.-ed形式作状语时所表达的动作与逻辑主语之间构成被动关系。动词不定式作状语时可以用来表示动作的目的、结果、原因等。only to do 表示出乎意料的结果，v.-ing形式充当结果状语表示自然而然的结果。with复合结构和独立主格结构也可以充当状语。
*Seeing what I did, my mother frowned as if to ask me to stand up quickly. (主动)
*Scolded by the teacher, he burst into tears. (被动)
*A young man came to the police station, surrounded by a group of journalists.(被动)
*She fell asleep with the light burning.(with复合结构)
*Lamb and mother reunited (独立主格结构), I turned back to the tractor only to see (表示出乎意料的结果) it move suddenly away from me.
*His father died, leaving the family even worse off.(表示自然而然的结果)
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阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]I was nearly twenty-two, about to graduate, and unsure which to follow—my head and my long interest in natural science, or my heart and my passion for photography. A job at the museum would be the safe choice. Or I could try to pursue a career in architectural photography, even though I had no specific training in the field. I longed to land that job.
[2]I asked the advisor, John Smith, to recommend someone qualified to give me an objective opinion. His reply：“See Benjamin Moskowitz, a famous architect, NYC. Good luck.”
[3]During the Spring break I booked a cheap room and took the train to New York City. At his office on the twenty-third floor I asked the receptionist for Mr. Moskowitz.“I think Mr. Moskowitz has already left, Miss. I know he was planning a long weekend. Did you have an appointment？”．..
[4]She sighed and asked my name and told me to wait while she tried to see if he might still be there.I paced nervously, thinking that my time and money and my best chance for an expert opinion had been thrown away. The receptionist rang his office; no answer.“Sorry, but it looks like you're out of luck, Miss White，” she said.
[5]Why hadn't I planned this better Called for an appointment Taken an earlier train How could I have made such a mistake？Anxious, I was close to tears.
[6]Just then a tall, gray-haired man, beautifully dressed, strode (阔步) through the reception area. The receptionist signaled me and mouthed, “That's him.” I didn't hesitate.“Oh, Mr. Moskowitz！”I called out. “Just a moment, sir, please! I'd like to speak to you.”
[7]He glanced at his expensive-looking gold watch and kept walking.“Sorry, I have a train to catch，” he said straightforward.“I don't believe you had an appointment.” I hurried after him toward the elevator. “I apologize, sir, but I was told to talk to you and to show you some photographs.”
注意：续写词数应为 150 左右。
Mr. Moskowitz glanced at it, impatiently at first and then more carefully a second time. _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
One hour later, I walked out of his office with great confidence and excitement. ____________________________________________________
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【Settings背景】
When&Where [3]During the__Spring__break I booked a cheap room and took the train to New__York__City．
【Characters角色】
Who I, John Smith, Benjamin__Moskowitz (a famous architect)
【Plots情节】
What [2]I asked the advisor, John Smith, to recommend someone qualified to give__me__an__objective__opinion. [3]At his office on the twenty-third floor I asked the receptionist for Mr. Moskowitz.[4]She sighed and asked my name and told__me__to__wait while she tried to see if he might still be there.[4]The receptionist rang__his__office;__no answer.[6]Just then a tall, gray-haired man, beautifully dressed, strode__through__the__reception__area. [7]He glanced__at his expensive-looking gold watch and kept__walking．
Why [1]I was nearly twenty-two, about to graduate, and unsure__which__to__follow—my head and my long interest in natural science, or my heart and my passion for photography.
【Feelings情感】
How [1]I longed__to land that job.[4]I paced nervously．[5]Anxious, I was close__to__tears．[6]I didn't hesitate．
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Theme(正能量原则) I was not sure which career to choose. After seeing Benjamin Moskowitz, a famous architect, I was determined to follow my passion for photography. With his encouragement and my own persistence, I believe I could go further in natural__science．
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每段三个微情节(Q & A策略)：注重衔接和冲突解决原则
第一段段首句：Mr. Moskowitz glanced at it, impatiently at first and then more carefully a second time.
[Question 1]　What was Mr. Moskowitz's comment on my photographs
[Answer]　He__thought__they__were__fantastic__and__that__I__had__a__talent.
[Question 2]　How did I feel
[Answer]　Overjoyed.
[Question 3]　What did Mr. Moskowitz do next
[Answer]　He__invited__me__to__his__office.
第二段段首句：One hour later, I walked out of his office with great confidence and excitement.
[Question 1]　Why did I feel confident and excited
[Answer]　Because__Mr.__Moskowitz__gave__me__invaluable__feedback__on__my__photographs__and__also__encouraged__me__to__follow__my__passion.
[Question 2]　How did I feel
[Answer]　I__was__excited__about__the__future__and__ready__to__take__on__the__challenges__that__lay__ahead.
[Question 3]　What lesson did I learn
[Answer]　With__Mr.__Moskowitz's__encouragement__and__my__own__persistence,__I__believe__I__could__go__further__in__natural__science.
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遣词造句：状语结构
语言协同原则：应用高级词汇、句型和语法结构
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1．I paced nervously, thinking that my time and money and my best chance for an expert opinion had been thrown away.(v.-ing形式作状语)
2．Anxious, I was close to tears.(形容词作状语)
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1．面带严肃的表情，他上下扫视着一张又一张照片。
Wearing__serious__expressions,__he scanned up and down one photograph after another.(v.-ing形式作状语)
2．我喜出望外，忍不住跳上跳下。
Overjoyed,__I couldn't help jumping up and down. (形容词作状语)
3．注意到我仍然站在原地，他示意我跟着他进入他的办公室。
Noticing__I__still__stood__rooted__to__the__spot,__he gestured to me to follow him into his office. (v.-ing形式作状语)
4．他激励我追随自己对摄影的热爱，说只要有奉献精神和努力工作，我就能为自己开创一个成功的职业生涯。
He motivated me to follow my passion for photography, saying__that__with__dedication__and__hard__work,__I could carve out a successful career for myself. (v.-ing形式作状语)
5．大约半个小时后，我登上了返回学校的火车，对未来感到兴奋，并准备迎接未来的挑战。
After about half an hour, I boarded the train back to school, excited__about__the__future__ and ready to take on the challenges that lay ahead.(形容词作状语)
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1．我太紧张了，一动都不动。
So__nervous__was__I that I couldn't move an inch.(“so...that...”句型中，so位于句首引起部分倒装)
2．似乎过了很长时间，他的脸色变温和了。
After__what__seemed__like__ages,__his face softened.(what引导宾语从句)
3．“你的作品太棒了！你真有天赋！”他喊道，脸上带着灿烂的笑容。
“Fantastic works! You really have a talent！” he exclaimed, with__a__broad__smile__on__his__face．(with复合结构)
4．莫斯科威茨先生不仅对我的照片给予了极宝贵的反馈，他还分享了他作为建筑师的见解。
Not__only__did__Mr.__Moskowitz__give__me__invaluable__feedback on my photographs, but he also shared insights from his own journey as an architect. (not only位于句首引起部分倒装)　
INCLUDEPICTURE "塑成文LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "塑成文LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Mr. Moskowitz glanced at it, impatiently at first and then more carefully a second time.__________________________________________
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One hour later, I walked out of his office with great confidence and excitement.____________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Mr. Moskowitz glanced at it, impatiently at first and then more carefully a second time. Wearing serious expressions, he scanned up and down one photograph after another. So nervous was I that I couldn't move an inch. After what seemed like ages, his face softened.“Fantastic works! You really have a talent！” he exclaimed, with a broad smile on his face. Overjoyed, I couldn't help jumping up and down. Never had I imagined my works got recognized. Noticing I still stood rooted to the spot, he gestured to me to follow him into his office. I knew I won the opportunity to have an interaction with him.
One hour later, I walked out of his office with great confidence and excitement. Not only did Mr. Moskowitz give me invaluable feedback on my photographs, but he also shared insights from his own journey as an architect. He motivated me to follow my passion for photography, saying that with dedication and hard work, I could carve out a successful career for myself. After about half an hour, I boarded the train back to school, excited about the future and ready to take on the challenges that lay ahead. With Mr. Moskowitz's encouragement and my own persistence, I believe I could go further in natural science.[过基础　知识巩固]
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2021·浙江卷6月)The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage.
2．What I believe is that you need to act flexibly, instead of following what everyone else is doing.
3．Recently researchers have come to the conclusion that singing in groups could have a positive impact on reducing anxiety and depression.
4．If you are passionate about something, pursue it no matter what anyone else thinks. That's how dreams are achieved.
5．You have to know where you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
6．That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
7．What the doctors really doubt is whether the poor boy will recover from the serious disease soon.
8．What matters to a museum is not how many visitors it has, but how close it is to people's daily lives.
9．How much one enjoys himself when travelling depends largely on whom he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.
维度二　语法与写作
1．他迟到的原因是那时正在下大雨。
The reason why he was late was that at that time it was raining heavily．
2．我写信是通知你我下个月要参加一场排球赛，希望你能来观赛。
I'm writing to inform you that I will participate in a volleyball match next month, so I hope you can come to watch it.
3．重要的是你应该每天留出一些时间做运动，这样你就能保持精力充沛。
What is important is that you should set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
4．他们比赛获胜的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
5．我认为我们克服恐惧，追求梦想是重要的。
I think it important that we overcome our fear and pursue our dreams.
维度三　语篇填空
I don't know 1.whether you have noticed 2.that some students don't want to walk to school. 3.What can be seen every day is that their parents drive them to school. But nowadays, what we should realize is 4.that the air is seriously polluted. Do you know 5.what we can do about it I think it is important that we should take action right now. Here I have a suggestion 6.that we should ride our bikes to school!If we can do it, it will not only have significant benefits for our health, but also help improve our environment.7.Whether we will have a better environment depends on 8.what we can do for ourselves and for nature.
[过能力　综合提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·枣庄高二检测)Located in the tropical rainforest of the Petén Basin in northern Guatemala, Tikal was one of the largest cities of the ancient Maya civilisation during its Classic Period, which ran from approximately 200 CE to 1000 CE.Although Tikal reached its height during the Classic Period, some of the architecture at the site dates back to the fourth century BCE.Unfortunately, for unknown reasons, the Mayans abandoned the city around 900 CE.Due to the growth of the jungle, archaeologists did not rediscover it until 1848.The part of the city now excavated is quite impressive. Approximately 3，000 sites have been uncovered and nearly 10，000 still need to be uncovered.
At the center is the Great Plaza. In time, other structures were built surrounding the Plaza. These include the North Acropolis and the Central Acropolis. The North Acropolis holds seventy slabs of stone, called stelae, which stand in a double row with altars (祭坛) set in front of them. Some are carved with images of rulers and hieroglyphs (象形文字). The Central Acropolis includes 700 feet of long buildings with many rooms, often called palaces. There are six temple pyramids, with the tallest one standing 65 meters high.
In addition to the towering temples and other unique architectural works, Tikal is well known for the carved inscriptions (碑文) and exceptional ceramics (陶器) found there. The Mayans engineered reservoir (蓄水池) and culvert (排水渠) systems to help with the storage and usage of water. Another innovation used by the Mayans was sacbes, which were raised causeways paved with lime-based cement, connecting Tikal's ceremonial nodes.
Scientists are not sure whether war, disease, famine or some other reasons caused the Mayans to leave Tikal. However, they left a part of themselves behind in the ruins. The city and surrounding area is now a protected national park, and visitors are welcome to explore the ruins. Much can be learned through seeing, touching and exploring this ancient city once inhabited by the Mayans.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了玛雅文明的遗址之一——蒂卡尔古城。
1．What can we learn about Tikal
A．It was ruined due to war.
B．It has been fully excavated.
C．It reached its height in the fourth century BCE.
D．It is a historic site of the ancient Maya civilisation.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Tikal was one of the largest cities of the ancient Maya civilisation”可知，蒂卡尔古城是古玛雅文明的遗址。
2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Altars. B．Stelae.
C．Palaces. D．Temples.
B　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词前的“The North Acropolis holds seventy slabs of stone, called stelae, which stand in a double row with altars”可知，在北部卫城坐落着七十座石碑，这些石碑排成两列，它们前面设有祭坛，因此them指代石碑，即stelae。
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．How Tikal was built.
B．The history of Tikal.
C．The cultural objects unearthed in Tikal.
D．Why Tikal was abandoned by the Mayans.
C　解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Tikal is well known for the carved inscriptions and exceptional ceramics found there...Another innovation...”可知，这一段主要介绍了蒂卡尔古城发现的玛雅文明的器物与发明。
4．What's the current situation of Tikal
A．It is left unprotected.
B．It is a national park now.
C．It is not open to the public now.
D．It is not allowed to be touched by visitors.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The city and surrounding area is now a protected national park”可知，蒂卡尔目前是一个国家公园。
B
(2024·南阳高二检测)Egypt is home to more than 100 pyramids, including the landmark Giza Pyramid which is the last-standing ancient wonder of the world. It is an example of the wisdom and skills of ancient development. The Great Pyramid of Giza has stood tall since the 26th Century BCE, and took 27 years to build, with around 2.3 million blocks of stone weighing 6 million tons.
Giza is actually made up of three pyramids, Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure—each one is named after a pharaoh (法老). Now, scientists are using High Energy Physics to scan (扫描) the Khufu structure at Giza. The new technology scans deeper into the pyramid than before, and then maps its inside structure.
What we see now is only the central structure of the Great Pyramid. Although the pyramid has been studied closely for centuries, there are two mysterious holes that have kept archaeologists puzzled.
One is around 98 feet long and 20 feet high and could be one large space or several rooms, according to scans of the pyramid, while the other is much smaller, just beyond the north face of the pyramid. Archaeologists are not sure what either space functioned as; the most exciting possibility is that the larger space is the hidden room to keep Khufu, who governed from around 2551 BCE to 2528 BCE.
Finding holes in pyramids isn't unusual, though. Nowadays, though, we have the technology to find out, compared to days gone by when examinations would have to blow up the pyramids to explore.
“Since the instruments that are used are very large, they cannot be placed inside the pyramid, and therefore our approach is to put them outside and meticulously move them along the base. In this way, we can build up the required data set，” the team wrote in the paper. The technology is so precise that scientists may be able to even tell objects within the hole.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种用于研究金字塔的新技术，该技术不仅不会对金字塔造成破坏，并且能得到非常精确的数据。
5．What can be learned about the Great Pyramid of Giza
A．It is named after a pharaoh.
B．It is the largest ancient wonder of the world.
C．It was built with around 6 million stones.
D．It has a history of more than 4，000 years.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Great Pyramid of Giza... weighing 6 million tons.”可知，吉萨大金字塔于公元前26世纪建立，到目前为止，它的历史已经超过4 000年。
6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The owner of the pyramid.
B．The two mysterious holes.
C．The advanced research technology.
D．The central structure of the Giza Pyramid.
B　解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“there are two mysterious holes”和第四段中的“One is around 98 feet long...while the other is much smaller...”可知，本段介绍的是两个神秘洞穴。
7．What does the author think of the examinations in the days gone by
A．They caused damage.
B．They took long to carry out.
C．They used no equipment.
D．They explained almost all puzzles.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Nowadays, though, we have the technology ... have to blow up the pyramids to explore.”可推知，作者认为过去的研究方法会对金字塔造成破坏。
8．What does the underlined word “meticulously” in the last paragraph mean
A．Carefully. B．Quickly.
C．Formally. D．Secretly.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，现在的设备非常大，为了不对金字塔造成破坏，因此只能把设备放在外部，并且小心地移动，以获取所需的数据。由此可推知，画线词意为“小心地”，与carefully同义。
Ⅱ.七选五
Despite being one of the most famous and most-visited attractions in the United States, 1._________________. Here are a few facts about the Grand Canyon you probably don't know.
We don't really know how old it is.
It has long been believed that the Colorado River began carving the Grand Canyon about 6 million years ago, 2. _________________. It suggests that the process may have begun as far back as 70 million years.In all likelihood, the Grand Canyon as we know it today started out as a series of smaller canyons 70 million years ago, but the majority of the canyon did not begin to take shape until much more recently.
3．_________________．
Of all Grand Canyon facts, this one is pretty cool—no word-play intended. Sudden changes in altitude have an enormous impact on temperature and rainfall, so the weather you are experiencing could differ dramatically，depending on where you are in the Grand Canyon. The coldest, wettest weather station in the region is the Bright Angel Ranger Station on the North Rim, while the hottest (and one of the driest) is just 8 miles away at Phantom Ranch.
There are lots of fossils in the area.
While the dinosaur might have missed out on seeing the Grand Canyon, lots of other fossils have been found.4. _________________. They vary from ancient marine fossils dating back 1.2 billion years to fairly recent land mammals that left their remains in canyon caves about 10，000 years ago.
Fish are relatively uncommon in the area.
Prior to modern flood control measures, the Colorado River provided a uniquely difficult habitat for fish, with heavymudwithsmallrocks,frequentfloods,and temperatures ranging from extreme high in summer to sub-zero in winter. Consequently, only eight fish species are native to the Grand Canyon, 5. _________________．
A．but a 2012 study contained a real shocker
B．The Grand Canyon creates its own weather
C．The weather in the Grand Canyon is really cool
D．and many other species are found outside this area
E.This indicates that other creatures frequented the location
F.Grand Canyon National Park still holds some surprises　
G.and six of them are found nowhere outside of the Colorado River
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国科罗拉多大峡谷的一些鲜为人知的奇特事实。
1．F　解析：根据上文“Despite being one of the...the United States”可知，空处指的应是美国具体某一景点；根据下文“Here are a few facts...don't know.”可知，该景点仍有一些令人惊讶的地方，F项符合语境。
2．A　解析：根据上文“It has long been believed that...6 million years ago”与下文“It suggests that the process may have begun as far back as 70 million years”可知，空处内容与上文是转折关系，A项符合语境，且空后的It指代A项中的a 2012 study。
3．B　解析：空处为本段小标题，应涵盖段落主要内容。通读整段可知，本段讲的是大峡谷内因海拔的不同而造就了不一样的天气状况，由此可知，大峡谷有它自己的一套天气系统，B项符合语境。
4．E　解析：根据上文“While the dinosaur might have missed out...have been found.”可知，大峡谷中有许多其他化石，再根据下文举例介绍的这些化石种类的广泛性可推知，其他物种当初应是经常来大峡谷，E项符合语境。
5．G　解析：上文讲到原产于大峡谷的鱼类仅有八种，结合选项内容可知，G项符合语境，继续补充说明其中有六种在科罗拉多河以外的区域是找不到的。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese archaeologists have successfully unearthed an animal bronze statue at the Sanxingdui Ruins in Southwest China's Sichuan Province.1. ________ (weigh) more than 150 kilos, the mythical beast is about one meter tall and one meter long and it is also the largest animal bronze statue ever seen.
The bronze statue looks like a mythical beast 2. ________ a large mouth, a slim waist and four feet. Of note, a human figure wearing a long coat stands 3. ________ (exact) on the head of the beast. Researchers think it may show 4. ________ the person is riding or controlling the beast.
Zhao Hao, the researcher in charge, explains that since the excavation of the Sanxingdui Ruins first started in 1986, all the animal statues 5. ________ (be) small, around 20-30 centimeters long, but the 6. ________ (discover) of the new bronze statue sets a new record, and as of now, is 7. ________ only large-sized animal statue.
The chest of the beast also sports the image of a tree. “This tree, 8. ________ was directly cast on the beast, reflects a fact that the Sanxingdui people regarded 9. ________ (tree) as a kind of remarkable thing，” Zhao said.
So far, nearly 14，000 10. _________ (culture) relics have been extracted from the sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在三星堆遗址成功出土的迄今为止最大的动物青铜器——重量超过150千克的神兽。
1．Weighing　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。句子主语 the mythical beast和动词weigh之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用动词 ing形式作状语。单词位于句首，首字母需大写。
2．with　解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，此处是with介词短语作定语，表示“具有”什么特点。
3．exactly　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词stands，应用副词，作状语。
4．that　解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词show的宾语，此处只起连接作用，应用that。
5．have been　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的since可知，时态为现在完成时；主语为all the animal statues，谓语应用复数形式。
6．discovery　解析：考查名词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处应用单数名词discovery作主语，表示青铜雕像的新发现。
7．the　解析：考查冠词。the only为固定搭配，意为“唯一的”。
8．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，reflects是句子的谓语动词，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词tree，应用关系代词which。
9．trees　解析：考查名词复数。tree为可数名词，空前没有限定词修饰，应用复数形式。
10．cultural　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词relics，应用形容词，作定语。Period 3　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
INCLUDEPICTURE "语基默写温馨提示LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "语基默写温馨提示LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　《教材助读＋语基默写》见分册本
INCLUDEPICTURE "WhileLLLa.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "WhileLLLa.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．What do the shipwrecks under the waters represent
A.Attempts to explore the moon.
B．Attempts to search for the Esmeralda.
C．Attempts to make big money.
D．Attempts to explore Earth's furthest corners.
答案：D
2．What can we infer from the last sentence in the first paragraph
A．The oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
B.Humankind is knowledgeable in terms of the oceans.
C．Humankind has made a detailed map of the oceans.
D.Humankind has made great efforts to explore the universe.
答案：A
3．What's the meaning of the ruins discovered beneath the oceans
A.They will become famous tourist attractions.
B.They can help us learn more about the tsunami.
C.They can help us have a good understanding of the history.
D．They prove that life underneath the oceans is extremely tough.
答案：C
4．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．There are no signs of life in the deepest ocean.
B.Life in the deepest ocean is struggling to survive.
C.Human beings can't reach the deepest ocean because of the huge pressure.
D．Although extremely tough, the deep ocean is rich in life waiting to be found.
答案：D
5．Which of the following marks China's entry into the world's top ocean explorers
A．China's discovery of “fire ice”．
B．The Jiaolong's dive record at 7，062 metres.
C.The Shenhai Yongshi's exploration in the waters.
D.China's taking deep-sea exploration.
答案：B
6．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Exploration of the oceans leads to discoveries in various scientific fields.
B．The Esmeralda hasn't been found yet.
C.Neápolis came into being in the fourth century AD.
D.There is no shipwreck left under the waters.
答案：A
7．What's the author's attitude towards the ocean exploration in the future
A．Pessimistic.　　　　　 B．Optimistic.
C．Critical. D．Indifferent.
答案：B
8．Why has the deep sea been inaccessible to humans
Because__of__the__tough__environment__of__complete__darkness,__enormous__pressure__and__intense__cold.
INCLUDEPICTURE "PostLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "PostLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
It is estimated 1.that three million shipwrecks are lying under waters across the globe. All of them represent attempts 2.to__explore(explore) Earth's furthest corners over the centuries. With the exploration of the oceans, we are continuing to make new discoveries in various scientific fields. Many archaeological finds 3.are__made(make) in shallow waters near the coast. However, we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure, 4.darkness(dark) and extreme cold at vast depths.
5．Amazing(amaze) biological discoveries are also being made. The dark zones of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet's fish. In the very deepest ocean trenches, there is still life to be found. These discoveries help us understand the capacity for life on our planet, even in 6.the most extreme circumstances.
Besides, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, some of which are 7.completely(complete) new to us. China has discovered an ice-like substance, known 8.as “fire ice”， under the South China Sea. China's underwater vessels have been exploring waters at depths of thousands of metres. The research 9.conducted(conduct) by these vessels not only gives scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed was formed, but also helps identify areas for deep-sea drilling, 10.taking(take) deep-sea exploration into a whole new era.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．getaway n. A．等同的；等值的；相当的
2．retreat v. B．此外；而且；不仅如此
3．subdue v. C．失事的船；沉船
4．uncharted adj. D．后退；离开；退避
5．delve v. E．逃跑，逃走
6．shrink v. F．船；舰
7．shipwreck n. G．珊瑚
8．archaeological adj. H．地图上没有标明的
9．coral n. I．克制，抑制(情绪)
10．upwards adv. J．退缩，畏缩
11．trench n. K．向上，朝上
12．equivalent adj. L．(书的)卷，册
13．stack v. M．海沟
14．furthermore adv. N．(使)整齐地堆起；摞起
15．vessel n. O．考古学的；考古的
16．vol(＝volume) n. P．探究，探索
答案：1～5.EDIHP　6～10.JCOGK
11～15.MANBF　16.L
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．less than a millimetre thick　厚度不足一毫米
2．poisonous substances 有毒物质
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．investigation n．调查→investigate v．调查；研究
2．notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notably adv.显而易见地；显著地；特别，尤其
3．drilling n．钻探；勘探→drill v．钻(孔)；演习；训练 n．钻；操练；训练
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．After realizing they had been discovered, the thieves quickly made__a__getaway(逃跑) in their car before the police arrived. But in the end they were caught.
2．As the fire spread rapidly, the residents had to grab what they could and run__for__their__lives(逃命).
3．Please check__out(检查) the details before submitting the report to ensure accuracy and avoid any potential errors.
4．He carefully tested__the__waters(试探) to see how his colleagues would react to his proposal.
5．She is sensitive about her weight so you should try to steer__clear__of(避开) the subject when talking to her.
6．(人教选必一 U3)After breakfast, I pack my bag and set__out(出发) again.
7．Faced with a difficult task, she didn't hesitate. Instead, she threw__herself__into(积极投入到……中去) it, dedicating countless hours to studying, planning, and executing each step with precision.
8．Sometimes our opinions are subjective, so we'd better think__twice(慎重考虑) before we make a decision.
9．In the face of unfair social phenomena, we should not shrink__from(避免) defending social justice.
10．We need to look__into(调查) the causes of the accident to prevent it from happening again.
11．A thousand boats set__sail(起航) to catch fish after the forbidden fishing period every year.
12．He continued__to(继续) ignore everything I was saying, which made me very upset.
13．As a matter of fact, social networks offer__a__window__into(提供了解……的窗口) how people live their lives.
14．I don't agree with those people believing that acquiring wealth is__equivalent__to(等同于) gaining success.
15．He holds__the__record__for (保持着……的纪录) the highest score in the school's math competition, earning him the admiration of both students and teachers.
16．The top shelf was so high that it was beyond__the__reach__of(超出……的范围) these children, leaving them frustrated as they watched the desired toys.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．完全倒装
Among__these__is(其中包括) the Esmeralda, the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.(Para.1)
2．if型省略结构
Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail, there is little—if__any(如果有的话)—land on our planet left unexplored.(Para.1)
[分析]　此句中还含有after引导的时间状语从句。
3．It＋be＋过去分词＋that...
It's__argued__that(人们争论) the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy, with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
eq \o(\s\up7( INCLUDEPICTURE "创意课堂点面突破LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "创意课堂点面突破LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ),\s\do5(　　　　　　[学生用书P118]))
INCLUDEPICTURE "N1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "N1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【高频词汇诠释】
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈1ALLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈1ALLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
check out　调查，检查；查看；结账离开；(从图书馆)借出(书)
INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　　　
①(教材P71)So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation, it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.　因此，虽然你可能会忍不住去检查一个陌生的物体或是去试探一个新环境，但是避开不熟悉的东西会更安全。
②(经典例句)Can you please check out this information for me I want to make sure it's accurate.
你能帮我核实一下这条信息吗？我想确保它是准确的。
check in　　(在机场)办理登机手续检票登机；
(为……)办理入住手续；登记，办理，报到
check into 登记入住(旅馆或私立医院)
check on 检查；核实
INCLUDEPICTURE "应用与内化LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "应用与内化LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
写出下列句中check out的含义/完成句子
(1)Guests must check out before noon, or they will be charged for one day.结账离开
(2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I checked out a half-dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. 借出
(3)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights？查看
(4)这个参考可能是错误的。请到图书馆去核实一下日期。
This reference may be wrong. Please go to the library and check__on__the__date．
(5)布莱恩在办理登机手续前需要见一个叫托尼的人。
Brian needed to meet a man named Tony before he checked__in__for__his__flight．
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2ALLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2ALLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
throw oneself into　积极投入到……中去
INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
①(教材P71)Of course, exploration doesn't have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown, and it's never wrong to think twice before taking action.
当然，探索并不意味着盲目地投入到未知的世界中去，在采取行动之前三思是没有错的。
②(经典例句)To prepare for the competition, he threw himself into training, practicing every day.
为了准备这次比赛，他全身心投入到训练中，每天都在练习。
throw away　　　抛弃；扔掉；错过；浪费(机会等)
throw off 脱掉(衣服)；摆脱
throw up 举起；呕吐
throw oneself on 扑倒在……上；完全依赖
throw light on 阐明；使人了解(某事)
INCLUDEPICTURE "应用与内化LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "应用与内化LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)Two new studies throw light on the fact that some of us are more vulnerable to the harm of sugary drinks than others.
(2) There is no room for so many things in our new house, so I think those old chairs should__be__thrown__away(应该被扔掉)．
(3)On seeing the drowning boy, the old man threw__off__his__coat(脱掉他的外套) and dived into the water to save him.
背诵点　　读后续写之动作描写
(4)我们必须全身心地投入到这个项目中，倾注我们所有的精力和热情，确保每一个细节都得到完善。
We must throw__ourselves__into__this__project with all our energy and enthusiasm, ensuring that every detail is perfected.
背诵点　应用文写作之通知
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈3ALLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈3ALLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
look into　调查(问题)；研究
INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
①(教材P71)While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations, we should always look into things first and consider our options.
虽然我们没有必要回避新情况，但我们应该总是先把事情调查清楚，并考虑我们的选择。
②(译林必修二 U2)In time, I began to look into the ancient Chinese culture behind tai chi.
我不失时机地开始探寻太极拳背后的中国古代文化。
look on　　　　 旁观
look out 当心，注意
look through 快速查看；浏览
look up 抬头看，往上看；查阅
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
look down upon/on 看不起，轻视
look forward to 盼望；期望
look back on 回顾；回忆
INCLUDEPICTURE "应用与内化LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "应用与内化LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Would you please look through the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes？
背诵点　应用文写作之求助信
(2)We'll look into the problem and call you when we have more information. Please wait for our reply.
(3)(译林选必四 U3)It's also vital to look back on the process to see what you did well and where improvements are still needed.
(4)她把它们紧紧地抱在胸前，最后含着泪眼，微笑着抬起头来。
She hugged them to her chest, and at last she was able to look__up__with__tearful__eyes__and__a__smile．
背诵点　读后续写之动作描写
INCLUDEPICTURE "N2LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "N2LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈ALLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈ALLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
if型省略结构
INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "感知与获取LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
①(教材P74)Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail, there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored.
如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们的星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。
②(译林选必三 U4) Have you ever been fascinated by human civilization？If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.　你们曾经对人类文明着迷过吗？如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。
(1)在if引导的条件状语从句中，有时可省略从句中的there be 或从句中与主句相同的部分，在这类省略结构中有的已构成固定结构，这类结构常见的有：
if so　　　　　　 如果这样
if not 如果不；不然的话
if necessary 如果有必要
if possible　如果有可能
if any　　　　 如果有的话，即使有的话(主句为否定意义)
if ever 如果曾经有过的话
(2)在if引导的条件状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句主语一致，且if从句的主语后跟有系动词be，则可省略从句的主语和be动词，这时if从句有以下两种常见结构：
①if＋现在分词(主语和从句中的谓语动词是逻辑上的主谓关系)；
②if＋过去分词(主语和从句中的谓语动词是逻辑上的动宾关系)。
INCLUDEPICTURE "应用与内化LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "应用与内化LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)You will find yourself upset by traffic jams if living(live) in the center of the city, especially during the rush hour.
(2)Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if not handled(handle) properly, may lead to the spread of diseases.
(3)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if__necessary(如果有必要的话)．
(4)(北师大必修三 U9) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all. If__not(不然的话), at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
(5)你有一段时间没有去公共图书馆了吗？ 如果是这样，您可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library If__so,__you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
eq \o(\s\up7( INCLUDEPICTURE "课堂微练即时检验LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课堂微练即时检验LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ),\s\do5(　　　　　　[学生用书P120]))
Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．in__the__ocean__depths　 在海洋深处
2．Earth's__own__sea__bed 地球自身的海床地图
3．archaeological__finds 考古发现
4．off__the__coast__of... 离……海岸不远的地方
5．extreme__cold 极寒
6．science__fiction 科幻小说
7．in__the__most__extreme__circumstances
在最极端的环境/条件下
8．natural__resources 自然资源
9．take...into__a__whole__new__era
将……带入一个全新的时代
10．open__up 开发，开辟
11．be__familiar__to__sb. 为某人所熟悉
12．in__various__scientific__fields
在各种不同的科学领域
13．shallow__waters 浅水区
14．overcome__the__challenges__of__pressure
克服压强所带来的挑战
15．amazing__biological__discoveries
惊人的生物学发现
16．one__on__top__of__another 一个一个堆叠在一起
17．a__global__mission 一项全球使命
18．an__ice-like__substance 一种冰状物质
Ⅱ.品句填词
1．Every substance(物质), no matter what it is, is composed of very small particles called molecules(分子).
2．The thickness of the latest smartphone model is less than 8 millimetres(毫米), making it incredibly slim.
3．The apartment is far too small for us. Furthermore(此外), it is too far from our company.
4．When I entered the room, I was shocked to find my grandmother was lying on the floor，face upwards(朝上).
5．According to investigation(调查), breathing such polluted air is equivalent to smoking ten cigarettes a day.
Ⅲ.词块运用
1．Tom knew it was dangerous to drive in foggy weather, but he set__out(出发) all the same.
2．The apples on the tree are beyond__the__reach__of(超出……的范围) the little boy, so he has to ask his brother for help.
3．Nowadays，with the fast development of science and technology，more and more scientists are throwing__themselves__into(积极投入到……中去) ocean exploration.
4．Several months ago, the police in this city looked__into(调查) several crime cases where personal information had been illegally sold.
5．Tom is a great basketball player. He holds__the__record__for(保持着……的记录) the most points in a season.INCLUDEPICTURE "名著选萃LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "名著选萃LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
For the Love of a Man－2
Excerpt from The Call of the Wild
INCLUDEPICTURE "英语选4名师讲名著WY.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语选4名师讲名著WY.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
淘金潮时期，米勒法官家的爱犬巴克被贩卖到寒冷的阿拉斯加，它历经了重重磨难，最终回归到大自然。
But in spite of① this great love he bore② John Thornton, which③ seemed to be the result of civilizing④ influence, the strain of the primitive⑤， which the Northland had aroused⑥ in him, remained alive and active. He was a thing of the wild, come in from the wild to sit by John Thornton's fire, rather than a dog of the soft Southland stamped⑦ with the marks of generations of civilization.
Because of his very great love, he could not leave this man, but from any other man, in any other camp, he did not hesitate⑧ an instant⑨； while the cunning⑩ enabled him to escape detection .
His face and body were hurt by the teeth of many dogs, and he fought as fiercely as ever and more shrewdly (机灵地). And Buck was merciless . He had learned well the law of club and fang (犬牙), and he never forewent an advantage or drew back from a foe he had started on the way to death. He had lessoned from Spitz, and from the chief fighting dogs, and knew there was no middle course. He must master or be mastered; while to show mercy was a weakness . Mercy did not exist in the primitive life. Kill or be killed, eat or be eaten, was the law, which he obeyed .
He sat by John Thornton's fire, a broad-breasted dog, white-fanged (白色尖牙的) and long-furred ； but behind him were the shades of all kinds of dogs, half-wolves and wild wolves, urgent and prompting, tasting the savor of the meat he ate, thirsting for the water he drank, scenting the wind with him, listening with him and telling him the sounds made by the wild life in the forest, deciding his moods, directing his actions, lying down to sleep with him when he lay down, and dreaming with him and beyond him and becoming themselves the stuff of his dreams.
Deep in the forest a call was sounding, and as often as he heard this call, mysteriously thrilling and luring, he felt compelled to turn his back upon the fire and to plunge into the forest, and on and on, he knew not where or why; nor did he wonder where or why, the call sounding imperiously, deep in the forest.
But as often as he gained the soft unbroken earth and the green shade, the love for John Thornton drew him back to the fire again.
Thornton alone held him. The rest of mankind was as nothing. Chance travellers might praise or pet him; but he was cold under it all, and from a too demonstrative (感情外露的) man he would get up and walk away.
When Thornton's partners, Hans and Pete, arrived on the long-expected raft (木筏), Buck refused to notice them till he learned they were close to Thornton; after that he tolerated them in a passive sort of way, accepting favors from them as though he favored them by accepting. They were of the same large type as Thornton, living close to the earth, thinking simply and seeing clearly; and before they swung the raft into the river, they understood Buck and his ways.
For Thornton, however, his love seemed to grow and grow. Nothing was too great for Buck to do, when Thornton commanded.
One day, at Circle City, “Black” Burton, a man evil-tempered and malicious, had been picking a quarrel with a freshman at the bar, when Thornton stepped good-naturedly between. Buck, as was his custom, was lying in a corner, head on paws, watching his master's every action. Burton struck out, without warning, straight from the shoulder. Thornton was sent spinning, and saved himself from falling only by clutching the railof the bar.
Those who were looking on heard what was neither bark nor yelp (狗吠), but a something which is best described as a roar, and they saw Buck's body rise up in the air as he left the floor for Burton's throat. The man saved his life by instinctively throwing out his arm, but was hurled backward to the floor with Buck on top of him. Buck loosed his teeth from the flesh of the arm and drove in again for the throat. This time the man succeeded only in partly blocking, and his throat was torn open.
Buck's reputation was made, and from that day his name spread through every camp in Alaska.
INCLUDEPICTURE "语基拾萃LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "语基拾萃LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
①in spite of尽管
②bear v．怀有
③此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
④civilize v．使(文明)
⑤primitive n．原始人
⑥arouse v．引起；唤醒
⑦stamp v．印上
⑧hesitate v．犹豫
⑨instant n．瞬间
⑩cunning n．狡猾
detection n．察觉
fiercely adv.凶狠地
此处“as...as”表示同级之间的比较。
merciless adj.无情的
forego v．放弃
foe n．敌人
weakness n．缺点
obey v．服从
broad-breasted adj.
胸膛宽阔的
long-furred adj.长毛的
shade n．阴影
prompting adj.激动人心的
savor n．味道，滋味
thirst for 渴望
scent v．闻
此处为v.-ed作定语。
direct v．指导
mysteriously adv.神秘地
thrilling adj.刺激的
luring adj.吸引人的
compel v．强迫；迫使
plunge into跳入
imperiously adv.专制地；狂妄地
draw [熟词生义] v．吸引
pet v．爱抚
tolerate v．容忍
passive adj.被动的；消极的
此处为“be of＋名词”句型，表示主语they所具有的特性。
swing v．使……突然转向
command v．命令
evil-tempered adj.坏脾气的
malicious adj.恶毒的
good-naturedly adv.
脾气好地
paw n．爪子
此处为v.-ing作状语。
spin v．快速旋转
此处为by doing作方式状语。
clutch v．抓紧
rail n．边缘
describe v．描写
roar n．咆哮
instinctively adv.本能地
hurl v．投掷
succeed v．成功
tear (tore, torn) [熟词生义] v．撕裂
reputation n．名声INCLUDEPICTURE "外刊撷英LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "外刊撷英LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
A Sheet to Help You Ace Your First Job
Adapted from English Reading The Financial Press 202402
Congratulations! Stepping out of academic① life and taking the first step of your professional career is a remarkable achievement worth celebrating. You've conquered the challenges of this opportunity, and now, as you gear up② for this new chapter, let's explore how you can make a smooth and excel③ in your new role.
Starting your career typically involves stepping into entry-level④ roles, where learning through repetition can become your best . These first few years are the only time of your career where you get to build and refine⑤ hard skills. Embrace these early experiences as they set the stage for⑥ your future growth. Each lesson learned and skill acquired in this will shape your journey toward more impactful roles and responsibilities.
As you work through the last leg⑦ of your college life, it's essential to balance leisure with proactive⑧ preparation for your career. Before diving head first into⑨ your new job on day one, consider these essential preparatory⑩ steps：
Master Your Role and ： Delve into the details of your job requirements, sharpening domain-specific skills. Moreover, refining softer skills such as interpersonal communication and professional writing, which are equally critical. Remember, the key is practice, practice, practice!
Team Insight: Try to build a good understanding of the team you are set to join. Grasp the intricacies of your department's size, culture, and hierarchical responsibilities. Establishing a sincere and supportive relationship early on will go a long way.
Understanding Clients and Company Service: It's essential to know the service your company provides and the client base. Analyzing these will provide valuable insights into your role and why clients opt for your company over competitors.
Industry Analysis: Industry research will help you with market insights as a newcomer, enabling a clear understanding of your company's position within the broader market landscape . Deep dive into key players, industry trends, and the sector's financial vitality . Such comprehensive research will help you form a vision for what the industry would be like.
In conclusion, the early years of a career offer a distinctive window to young professionals with the skills and expertise needed to fulfill their career potential. Getting a head start on the journey helps setting the tone for the rest of the journey and long-term benefits.
eq \a\vs4\al( INCLUDEPICTURE "WordBankLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "WordBankLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
①academic adj.　 学业的；学术的
②gear up 为……做好准备
③excel v. 擅长；善于
④entry-level adj. 入门的；初级的
⑤refine v. 改进；改善
⑥set the stage for 为……打好基础
⑦the last leg (行程)最后阶段
⑧proactive adj. 积极主动的
⑨dive into 投入
⑩preparatory adj. 准备的；筹备的
delve into 钻研；探索
intricacy n. 错综复杂的事物(或细节)
hierarchical adj. 等级制度的
opt for　　　　　 选择；选取
landscape n. 全景，格局
vitality n. 活力
comprehensive adj. 综合的；详尽的
distinctive adj. 独特的
expertise n. 专业知识或技能
set the tone 奠定基调
　 INCLUDEPICTURE "knowledgecheck5LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "knowledgecheck5LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：1.celebrating　2.transition　3.typically　4.where　5.growth　6.acquired　7.to balance　8.to　9.a　10.conclusion
INCLUDEPICTURE "WordMatchLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "WordMatchLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．secure v.　　　 A．the process or a period of changing
from one state or condition to another
2．transition n. B．to produce or provide sth., for
example a profit or result
3．ally n. C．to obtain or achieve sth., which
needs a lot of effort
4．phase n. D．an area of knowledge or activity
which sb. is responsible for
5．domain n. E．a partner who helps and supports
sb. in a difficult situation
6．yield v. F．a stage in a process of change or
development　　
答案：1～5.CAEFD　6.B
INCLUDEPICTURE "CriticalThinkingLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "CriticalThinkingLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
What is your favourite profession And why
One possible version：
My favourite profession is doctor specializing in traditional Chinese medicine. The reasons why I pick doctor as my dream job are as follows. First of all, if I become a doctor, I can make full use of what I have learned to relieve patients' pains and even save their lives. Besides, I have great passion for traditional Chinese medicine which I believe has a magic effect. Should I be admitted by a medical college this year, I would make every effort to spread traditional Chinse medicine.

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