【高考备战:词汇扩量学习】(2019)人教版高中英语第二册Unit 4 History and traditions重点单词讲义

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【高考备战:词汇扩量学习】(2019)人教版高中英语第二册Unit 4 History and traditions重点单词讲义

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【高考备战:词汇扩量学习】(2019)人教版高中英语第二册Unit 4 History and traditions
1. individual [ nd v d u l] adj. 单独的;个别的 n. 个人
同根词: individually adv. 分别地;各自地; individualism n. 个人主义
同义词: personal adj. 个人的; private adj. 私人的
反义词: collective adj. 集体的; whole adj. 整体的
固定短语搭配: individual economy 个体经济; individual effort 个人努力
例句: We interviewed each individual member of the community. 我们采访了社区中的每个成员。
2. philosophy [f l s fi] n. 哲学
同根词: philosopher n. 哲学家; philosophical adj. 哲学的;达观的
同义词: worldview n. 世界观; ideology n. 思想体系
固定短语搭配: moral philosophy 道德哲学; philosophy of life 人生哲学
例句: Confucius‘ ideas on education are part of his philosophy. 孔子的教育思想是他哲学的一部分。
3. descendant [d send nt] n. 后裔;后代;子孙
同根词: descend v. 下来;下降; descent n. 下降;血统
同义词: offspring n. 后代;子孙; successor n. 继承人
反义词: ancestor n. 祖先
固定短语搭配: descendant of ...的后裔; direct descendant 直系后代
例句: They are descendants of the original English and Scottish settlers. 他们是最初的英格兰和苏格兰定居者的后代。
4. heel [hi l] n. 足跟;后跟
固定短语搭配: Achilles‘ heel 致命的弱点; bring sb. to heel 使某人就范; take to one’s heels 逃走
例句: Lack of self-confidence is his Achilles‘ heel, I am afraid. 恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。
5. kingdom [ k d m] n. 王国;领域
同根词: king n. 国王
同义词: realm n. 王国;领域; empire n. 帝国
固定短语搭配: the United Kingdom 联合王国; animal kingdom 动物界
例句: They visited many kingdoms of the East. 他们访问了东方的许多王国。
6. chief [t i f] adj. 最重要的;最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领;酋长
同根词: chiefly adv. 主要地;首要地
同义词: main adj. 主要的; primary adj. 首要的; leader n. 领导者
反义词: subordinate adj. 次要的
固定短语搭配: chief engineer 总工程师; editor-in-chief 总编辑
例句: He is the chief editor of the newspaper. 他是这家报社的主编。
7. puzzle [ p zl] n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt. 迷惑;使困惑
同根词: puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的; puzzled adj. 感到困惑的; puzzlement n. 迷惑
同义词: confuse v. 使迷惑; mystery n. 谜
反义词: clarity n. 清楚
固定短语搭配: puzzle over 苦苦思考; crossword puzzle 填字游戏
例句: My sister puzzles me with a puzzling question. 我妹妹用一个令人费解的问题把我难住了。
8. nearby [ n ba ] adj. 附近的;邻近的 adv. 在附近
同义词: neighboring adj. 邻近的; close adj. 近的
反义词: distant adj. 遥远的
固定短语搭配: nearby village 附近的村庄; a nearby school 附近的学校
例句: A police officer was standing nearby. 一名警官站在附近。
9. belong [b l ] vi. 应在(某处);适应
同根词: belongings n. 财产;所有物; belonging n. 归属
同义词: (无进行时和被动语态)
固定短语搭配: belong to 属于; sense of belonging 归属感
例句: He belongs to the golf club. 他是这家高尔夫俱乐部的成员。
10. currency [ k r nsi] n. 通货;货币
同根词: current adj. 当前的;流通的 n. 水流;电流
同义词: money n. 钱; cash n. 现金
固定短语搭配: foreign currency 外币; paper currency 纸币
例句: We soon got used to using Italian currency. 我们很快就习惯了使用意大利货币。
11. military [ m l tri] adj. 军事的;军用的
同义词: armed adj. 武装的; martial adj. 军事的
固定短语搭配: military service 兵役; military training 军事训练
例句: It is now a museum of military history. 现在它是一个军事历史博物馆。
12. defence [d fens] n. 防御;保卫
同根词: defend v. 防御;保卫; defensive adj. 防御的; defendant n. 被告人
同义词: protection n. 保护; guard n. 守卫
反义词: attack n. 进攻
固定短语搭配: in defence of 为了保卫…; self-defence 自卫; body‘s natural defences 身体的自然防御
例句: A good diet helps build the body's natural defences. 良好的饮食有助于建立身体的自然防御系统。
13. legal [ li ɡl] adj. 法律的;合法的
同根词: legally adv. 合法地; illegal adj. 非法的; legalize v. 使合法化
同义词: lawful adj. 合法的
反义词: illegal adj. 非法的
固定短语搭配: legal system 法律体系; legal aid 法律援助; legal limit 法定限度
例句: He had twice the legal limit of alcohol in his bloodstream. 他血液中的酒精含量是法定限度的两倍。
14. surround [s ra nd] vt. 围绕;包围
同根词: surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的; surroundings n. 环境
同义词: encircle v. 环绕; enclose v. 围住
固定短语搭配: be surrounded by 被…包围; surround yourself with 与…为伍
例句: Surround yourself with uplifting individuals. 与积极向上的人为伍。
15. evidence [ ev d ns] n. 证据;证明
同根词: evident adj. 明显的
同义词: proof n. 证明; testimony n. 证词
固定短语搭配: give evidence 作证; in evidence 显眼; false evidence 伪证
例句: She was charged with giving false evidence in court. 她被指控在法庭上作伪证。
16. achievement [ t i vm nt] n. 成就;成绩;达到
同根词: achieve v. 实现;达到; achievable adj. 可实现的
同义词: accomplishment n. 成就; success n. 成功
反义词: failure n. 失败
固定短语搭配: sense of achievement 成就感; great achievement 伟大成就
例句: For an actor, winning an Oscar is one of the greatest achievements you can hope for. 对于一个演员来说,赢得奥斯卡奖是你能期待的最大成就之一。
17. location [l ke n] n. 地方;地点;位置
同根词: locate v. 找出…的位置;位于; located adj. 坐落于
同义词: place n. 地方; site n. 地点; position n. 位置
固定短语搭配: on location 外景拍摄; prime location 黄金地段; exact location 确切位置
例句: The time, date, and location of the conference have not yet been announced. 会议的时间、日期和地点尚未公布。
18. conquer [ k k (r)] vt. 占领;征服;控制
同根词: conqueror n. 征服者; conquest n. 征服
同义词: defeat v. 击败; overcome v. 克服
反义词: surrender v. 投降
固定短语搭配: conquer fear 克服恐惧; conquer a country 征服一个国家
例句: The Normans conquered England in 1066. 诺曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
19. battle [ b tl] n. 战役;搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗;奋斗
同义词: fight n. & v. 战斗; struggle n. & v. 斗争
固定短语搭配: battle for 为…而战; half the battle 成功的一半; battle against 与…斗争
例句: She has fought a constant battle against her disease. 她一直在与疾病作斗争。
20. port [p t] n. 港口;口岸
同根词: import n./v. 进口; export n./v. 出口
同义词: harbor n. 海港; dock n. 码头
固定短语搭配: free port 自由港; any port in a storm 慌不择路; busy port 繁忙的港口
例句: Hong Kong is one of the world's busiest ports. 香港是世界上最繁忙的港口之一。
21. fascinating [ f s ne t ] adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的
同根词: fascinate v. 迷住;使着迷; fascinated adj. 入迷的; fascination n. 魅力
同义词: charming adj. 迷人的; attractive adj. 有吸引力的
固定短语搭配: fascinating story 引人入胜的故事; absolutely fascinating 绝对迷人; fascinating city 迷人的城市
例句: London is one of the most exciting and fascinating cities in the world. 伦敦是世界上最令人兴奋和迷人的城市之一。
22. charge [t ɑ d ] n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电
同根词: charger n. 充电器; discharge v. 解雇;排放
同义词: fee n. 费用; accuse v. 指控
固定短语搭配: in charge of 负责; free of charge 免费; charge...with 指控;使充满
例句: He was found guilty of all six charges against him. 他被判犯有对他的所有六项指控。
23. announce [ na ns] vt. 宣布;通知;声称
同根词: announcement n. 通告;宣布; announcer n. 广播员
同义词: declare v. 宣布; proclaim v. 宣告
固定短语搭配: announce a decision 宣布决定; It is announced that... 据宣布…; announce the winner 宣布获胜者
例句: She announced the winner of the competition to an excited audience. 她向激动的观众宣布了比赛的获胜者。
24. amount [ ma nt] n. 数量;总额
同义词: quantity n. 数量; volume n. 量
固定短语搭配: a large amount of 大量的; amount to 总计;等于; huge amounts of 大量的
例句: A huge amount of food is wasted every day. 每天浪费大量的食物。
25. approach [ pr t ] n. 方法;途径;接近 v. 接近;接洽;着手处理
同根词: approachable adj. 可接近的;和蔼可亲的
同义词: method n. 方法; means n. 方式
固定短语搭配: approach to (doing) sth. 做某事的方法; make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人; approach the problem 处理问题
例句: We approach the problem from different angles. 我们从不同的角度处理这个问题。
26. ensure [ n (r)] vt. 保证;确保;担保
同根词: sure adj. 肯定的;确信的
同义词: guarantee v. 保证; assure v. 使确信
固定短语搭配: ensure safety 确保安全; ensure that... 确保…
例句: The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its planes. 航空公司正在采取措施确保其飞机的安全。
27. landscape [ l ndske p] n. 风景;景色
同义词: scenery n. 风景; view n. 景色
固定短语搭配: natural landscape 自然景观; cultural landscape 人文景观; beautiful landscape 美丽的风景
例句: The island's landscape is similar to Hawaii's. 该岛的风景与夏威夷相似。
28. generous [ d en r s] adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
同根词: generosity n. 慷慨;大方
同义词: liberal adj. 慷慨的
反义词: mean adj. 吝啬的
固定短语搭配: be generous with 对…慷慨; be generous to 对…大方
例句: She is always very generous with her time. 她在时间上总是很慷慨。
29. butter [ b t (r)] n. 黄油;奶油 vt. 涂黄油于
同根词: buttery adj. 黄油般的
同义词: spread n. 涂抹酱
固定短语搭配: bread and butter 面包和黄油;生计; butter up 奉承;巴结
例句: They know on which side their bread is buttered. 他们知道自己的利益所在。
30. honey [ h ni] n. 蜂蜜
固定短语搭配: as sweet as honey 像蜜一样甜; honey moon 蜜月
例句: The sharpness of the lemons contrasts with the sweetness of the honey. 柠檬的酸与蜂蜜的甜形成对比。
31. ancestor [ nsest (r)] n. 祖宗;祖先
同根词: ancestral adj. 祖先的
同义词: forefather n. 祖先
反义词: descendant n. 后裔
固定短语搭配: common ancestor 共同祖先; remote ancestor 远祖; pictures of ancestors 祖先的照片
例句: There were pictures of his ancestors on the walls of the room. 房间的墙上挂着他祖先的照片。
32. position [p z n] n. 位置;姿态;职位;立场
同根词: positional adj. 位置上的
同义词: location n. 位置; post n. 职位
固定短语搭配: apply for a position 申请职位; in position 就位; comfortable position 舒适的姿势
例句: This is not a very comfortable position. 这不是一个很舒适的姿势。
33. courtyard [ k tjɑ d] n. 庭院;院子
同根词: court n. 法庭;庭院; yard n. 院子
同义词: yard n. 院子
固定短语搭配: inner courtyard 内院; courtyard house 四合院; central courtyard 中央庭院
例句: Entrance to the apartment building is through a central courtyard. 公寓楼的入口通过一个中央庭院。
34. snack [sn k] n. 点心;小吃
同义词: refreshment n. 点心; fast food 快餐
固定短语搭配: snack bar 小吃店;快餐店; have a snack 吃零食
例句: Many snacks are high in salt, sugar, and fat. 许多小吃含有高盐、高糖和高脂肪。
35. poet [ p t] n. 诗人
同根词: poem n. 诗; poetry n. 诗歌(总称); poetic adj. 诗的;富有诗意的
同义词: bard n. 吟游诗人
固定短语搭配: romantic poet 浪漫主义诗人; poet laureate 桂冠诗人
例句: It is a chapter commenting on the differences between recent poets and those of the 15th centuries. 这是一个评论近代诗人和15世纪诗人之间差异的章节。
36. county [ ka nti] n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
同义词: district n. 地区; region n. 区域
固定短语搭配: county town 郡府;县城; county fair 县集市; counties of Ireland 爱尔兰的郡
例句: Texas is divided into 254 counties. 德克萨斯州被划分为254个县。
37. feast [fi st] n. 盛宴;宴会;节日
同义词: banquet n. 宴会; festival n. 节日
固定短语搭配: a feast for the eyes 视觉盛宴; feast on 尽情享用
例句: Next week‘s film festival will be a feast for cinema-goers. 下周的电影节将是电影观众的盛宴。
38. roll [r l] v. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴);翻滚
同根词: rolling adj. 起伏的;旋转的; roller n. 滚筒;滚轴
同义词: turn v. 转动; spin v. 旋转
固定短语搭配: roll down 滚下; call the roll 点名
例句: I rolled the wheel along the side of the road back to the car. 我沿着路边把轮子滚回汽车。
39. dot [d t] n. 点;小(圆)点 vt. 加点;遍布
同根词: dotted adj. 有斑点的;星罗棋布的
同义词: spot n. 点; point n. 点
固定短语搭配: on the dot 准时; be dotted with 点缀着
例句: The lake was dotted with sailboats. 湖面上点缀着帆船。
40. cattle [ k tl] n. 牛(总称)
同义词: cow n. 奶牛; ox n. 公牛
固定短语搭配: a herd of cattle 一群牛; cattle breeding 养牛业
例句: These cattle are being kept on a distant farm. 这些牛被养在一个遥远的农场里。
41. roar [r (r)] vi. & n. 吼叫;咆哮
同根词: roaring adj. 咆哮的;轰鸣的
同义词: howl v. 嚎叫; shout v. 喊叫
固定短语搭配: roar with laughter 哄堂大笑; roar of engine 引擎的轰鸣
例句: We could hear the lions roaring at the other end of the zoo. 我们能听到狮群在动物园的另一头咆哮。
42. ocean [ n] n. 大海;海洋
同根词: oceanic adj. 海洋的
同义词: sea n. 海
固定短语搭配: Pacific Ocean 太平洋; ocean currents 洋流
例句: These mysterious creatures live at the bottom of the ocean. 这些神秘的生物生活在海底。
43. scent [sent] n. 气味;气息;香味
同根词: scented adj. 有香味的; scentless adj. 无气味的
同义词: smell n. 气味; fragrance n. 香味
固定短语搭配: scent of roses 玫瑰的香味; on the scent of 寻出线索
例句: The dogs followed the fox's scent to the edge of the forest. 狗循着狐狸的气味来到了森林边缘。
44. greet [ɡri t] vt. 问候;迎接
同根词: greeting n. 问候;致意; greeter n. 门迎
同义词: welcome v. 欢迎; salute v. 致敬
固定短语搭配: greet with 以…迎接; greet the eye 映入眼帘
例句: Complete silence greeted us as we entered the room. 我们进入房间时,一片寂静。
45. pub [p b] n. 酒吧;酒馆
同义词: bar n. 酒吧; tavern n. 酒馆
固定短语搭配: go to the pub 去酒吧; pub crawl 串酒吧
例句: He's one of the regulars at that pub. 他是那家酒吧的常客之一。
46. custom [ k st m] n. 风俗;习俗;习惯
同根词: customary adj. 习惯的; customer n. 顾客; customs n. 海关
同义词: tradition n. 传统; habit n. 习惯
固定短语搭配: local custom 当地风俗; social custom 社会习俗
例句: Some customs are dying out. 一些风俗正在消亡。
47. striking [ stra k ] adj. 引人注目的;显著的
同根词: strike v. 撞击;打;罢工 n. 罢工; strikingly adv. 显著地;引人注目地
同义词: noticeable adj. 显而易见的; remarkable adj. 显著的; prominent adj. 突出的; conspicuous adj. 显眼的; impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的
反义词: unnoticeable adj. 不显眼的; unremarkable adj. 平凡的; inconspicuous adj. 不引人注目的
固定短语搭配: striking resemblance 惊人的相似; striking feature 显著特征; striking contrast 鲜明的对比; striking difference 显著差异; striking example 显著的例子; striking similarity 惊人的相似之处
例句: The library is a striking example of modern architecture. 这座图书馆是现代建筑的一个显著例子。
例句: There is a striking resemblance between the two paintings. 这两幅画之间有惊人的相似之处。
48. transition [tr n z n] n. 过渡;转变;变迁
同根词: transit v. 搬运;运送; transitional adj. 过渡的
同义词: change n. 变化; shift n. 转变
固定短语搭配: transition period 过渡时期; in transition 在过渡中
例句: The transition from boyhood to manhood can be a confusing period. 从少年到成年的过渡可能是一个令人困惑的时期。
49. crowd [kra d] n. 人群;一群人 vt. 挤满;使…拥挤
同根词: crowded adj. 拥挤的
同义词: throng n. 人群; mass n. 群众
固定短语搭配: a crowd of 一群; crowd into 涌进;挤进
例句: Holidaymakers crowded the beaches. 度假者挤满了海滩。
50. mansion [ m n n] n. 公馆;宅第
同义词: manor n. 庄园; villa n. 别墅
固定短语搭配: stately mansion 豪华公馆; mansion house 宅邸
例句: The street is lined with many mansions where the rich and famous live. 街道两旁有许多富人名人居住的公馆。
51. cemetery [ sem tri] n. 墓地;公墓
同义词: graveyard n. 墓地; churchyard n. 教堂墓地
固定短语搭配: public cemetery 公墓; military cemetery 军人公墓
例句: They visited his grave in the cemetery. 他们去墓地祭拜了他的坟墓。
52. king [k ] n. 国王;君主
同根词: kingdom n. 王国
同义词: monarch n. 君主; ruler n. 统治者
固定短语搭配: king of kings 万王之王; crown king 加冕为国王
例句: The lion is the king of the jungle. 狮子是丛林之王。
53. defence [d fens] n. 防御;保卫
同根词: defend v. 防御;保卫; defensive adj. 防御的; defendant n. 被告人
同义词: protection n. 保护; guard n. 守卫
反义词: attack n. 进攻
固定短语搭配: in defence of 为了保卫…; self-defence 自卫; body's natural defences 身体的自然防御
例句: The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks. 城墙是为防御敌人进攻而修建的。
54. surround [s ra nd] vt. 围绕;包围
同根词: surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的; surroundings n. 环境
同义词: encircle v. 环绕; enclose v. 围住
固定短语搭配: be surrounded by 被…包围; surround yourself with 与…为伍
例句: The president arrived surrounded by his supporters. 总统在支持者的簇拥下到达。
55. evidence [ ev d ns] n. 证据;证明
同根词: evident adj. 明显的
同义词: proof n. 证明; testimony n. 证词
固定短语搭配: give evidence 作证; in evidence 显眼; false evidence 伪证
例句: There is scientific evidence to support our theory. 有科学证据支持我们的理论。
56. achievement [ t i vm nt] n. 成就;成绩;达到
同根词: achieve v. 实现;达到; achievable adj. 可实现的
同义词: accomplishment n. 成就; success n. 成功
反义词: failure n. 失败
固定短语搭配: sense of achievement 成就感; great achievement 伟大成就
例句: For an actor, winning an Oscar is one of the greatest achievements you can hope for. 对于一个演员来说,赢得奥斯卡奖是你能期待的最大成就之一。
57. location [l ke n] n. 地方;地点;位置
同根词: locate v. 找出…的位置;位于; located adj. 坐落于
同义词: place n. 地方; site n. 地点; position n. 位置
固定短语搭配: on location 外景拍摄; prime location 黄金地段; exact location 确切位置
例句: The time, date, and location of the conference have not yet been announced. 会议的时间、日期和地点尚未公布。
58. conquer [ k k (r)] vt. 占领;征服;控制
同根词: conqueror n. 征服者; conquest n. 征服
同义词: defeat v. 击败; overcome v. 克服
反义词: surrender v. 投降
固定短语搭配: conquer fear 克服恐惧; conquer a country 征服一个国家
例句: The Normans conquered England in 1066. 诺曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
59. battle [ b tl] n. 战役;搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗;奋斗
同义词: fight n. & v. 战斗; struggle n. & v. 斗争
固定短语搭配: battle for 为…而战; half the battle 成功的一半; battle against 与…斗争
例句: The battle for women's rights still goes on. 争取妇女权利的战斗仍在继续。
60. port [p t] n. 港口;口岸
同根词: import n./v. 进口; export n./v. 出口
同义词: harbor n. 海港; dock n. 码头
固定短语搭配: free port 自由港; any port in a storm 慌不择路; busy port 繁忙的港口
例句: Hong Kong is one of the world's busiest ports. 香港是世界上最繁忙的港口之一。
61. fascinating [ f s ne t ] adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的
同根词: fascinate v. 迷住;使着迷; fascinated adj. 入迷的; fascination n. 魅力
同义词: charming adj. 迷人的; attractive adj. 有吸引力的
固定短语搭配: fascinating story 引人入胜的故事; absolutely fascinating 绝对迷人; fascinating city 迷人的城市
例句: London is one of the most exciting and fascinating cities in the world. 伦敦是世界上最令人兴奋和迷人的城市之一。
62. charge [t ɑ d ] n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电
同根词: charger n. 充电器; discharge v. 解雇;排放
同义词: fee n. 费用; accuse v. 指控
固定短语搭配: in charge of 负责; free of charge 免费; charge...with 指控;使充满
例句: He was found guilty of all six charges against him. 他被判犯有对他的所有六项指控。
63. announce [ na ns] vt. 宣布;通知;声称
同根词: announcement n. 通告;宣布; announcer n. 广播员
同义词: declare v. 宣布; proclaim v. 宣告
固定短语搭配: announce a decision 宣布决定; It is announced that... 据宣布…; announce the winner 宣布获胜者
例句: She announced the winner of the competition to an excited audience. 她向激动的观众宣布了比赛的获胜者。
64. amount [ ma nt] n. 数量;总额
同义词: quantity n. 数量; volume n. 量
固定短语搭配: a large amount of 大量的; amount to 总计;等于; huge amounts of 大量的
例句: Small amounts of land were used for keeping animals. 少量的土地被用来饲养动物。
65. approach [ pr t ] n. 方法;途径;接近 v. 接近;接洽;着手处理
同根词: approachable adj. 可接近的;和蔼可亲的
同义词: method n. 方法; means n. 方式
固定短语搭配: approach to (doing) sth. 做某事的方法; make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人; approach the problem 处理问题
例句: I'm not sure how to approach the problem. 我不确定如何处理这个问题。
66. ensure [ n (r)] vt. 保证;确保;担保
同根词: sure adj. 肯定的;确信的
同义词: guarantee v. 保证; assure v. 使确信
固定短语搭配: ensure safety 确保安全; ensure that... 确保…
例句: The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its planes. 航空公司正在采取措施确保其飞机的安全。
67. landscape [ l ndske p] n. 风景;景色
同义词: scenery n. 风景; view n. 景色
固定短语搭配: natural landscape 自然景观; cultural landscape 人文景观; beautiful landscape 美丽的风景
例句: The island's landscape is similar to Hawaii's. 该岛的风景与夏威夷相似。
68. generous [ d en r s] adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
同根词: generosity n. 慷慨;大方
同义词: liberal adj. 慷慨的
反义词: mean adj. 吝啬的
固定短语搭配: be generous with 对…慷慨; be generous to 对…大方
例句: Thank you for your donation. It was very generous of you. 谢谢你的捐赠。你真是非常慷慨。
69. butter [ b t (r)] n. 黄油;奶油 vt. 涂黄油于
同根词: buttery adj. 黄油般的
同义词: spread n. 涂抹酱
固定短语搭配: bread and butter 面包和黄油;生计; butter up 奉承;巴结
例句: They know on which side their bread is buttered. 他们知道自己的利益所在。
70. honey [ h ni] n. 蜂蜜
固定短语搭配: as sweet as honey 像蜜一样甜; honey moon 蜜月
例句: The sharpness of the lemons contrasts with the sweetness of the honey. 柠檬的酸与蜂蜜的甜形成对比。
71. ancestor [ nsest (r)] n. 祖宗;祖先
同根词: ancestral adj. 祖先的
同义词: forefather n. 祖先
反义词: descendant n. 后裔
固定短语搭配: common ancestor 共同祖先; remote ancestor 远祖; pictures of ancestors 祖先的照片
例句: There were pictures of his ancestors on the walls of the room. 房间的墙上挂着他祖先的照片。
72. position [p z n] n. 位置;姿态;职位;立场
同根词: positional adj. 位置上的
同义词: location n. 位置; post n. 职位
固定短语搭配: apply for a position 申请职位; in position 就位; comfortable position 舒适的姿势
例句: She applied for a position in the firm that I work for. 她在我工作的公司申请了一个职位。
73. courtyard [ k tjɑ d] n. 庭院;院子
同根词: court n. 法庭;庭院; yard n. 院子
同义词: yard n. 院子; patio n. (与房屋相连的)露台,平台; quadrangle n. (学校等建筑物周围的)四方院,四方场地(常缩写为quad); enclosure n. 围场,围地
building interior 建筑内部; indoors 室内
固定短语搭配: inner courtyard 内院; courtyard house 四合院; central courtyard 中央庭院; enclosed courtyard 封闭式庭院; cobbled courtyard 鹅卵石庭院
例句: The hotel has a beautiful central courtyard with a fountain. 这家酒店有一个带喷泉的美丽中央庭院。
74. struggle [ str ɡl] vi. & n. 奋斗;斗争;挣扎
同根词: struggling adj. 奋斗的;努力的;挣扎的; struggler n. 奋斗者;挣扎的人
同义词: fight v. & n. 战斗; battle v. & n. 搏斗; strive v. 努力;奋斗; contend v. 竞争;斗争; wrestle v. 扭打;挣扎
反义词: surrender v. & n. 投降;屈服; give up 放弃; yield v. 让步;顺从
固定短语搭配: struggle for 为…而奋斗; struggle against 与…作斗争; struggle with 与…斗争; struggle to do sth. 努力做某事; power struggle 权力斗争; class struggle 阶级斗争; struggle on 挣扎下去;继续奋斗
例句: The people in this country struggled for independence for many years. 这个国家的人民为独立奋斗了许多年。
例句: She struggled with the heavy suitcase up the stairs. 她拖着沉重的行李箱艰难地上楼。
附课文主要短语
1. join…to… 把……和……连接或联结起来
例句: The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge. 这个岛由一座桥与大陆相连。
2. break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离;背叛;逃脱
例句: The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK in the 20th century. 爱尔兰南部在20世纪脱离了英国。
3. belong to 属于
例句: The house has belonged to her family for generations. 这座房子归她们家已有几代人了。
4. as well as 同(一样也);和;还
例句: The four countries use the same flag, as well as share the same currency and military defence. 这四个国家使用同一面国旗,也使用同一种货币和军队。
5. keep your eyes open (for) 留心;留意
例句: You should keep your eyes open for your mistakes in exams. 你应该留意考试中犯的错误。
6. in charge of 负责;掌管
例句: The doctor in charge told us that our father was recovering. 主治医生告诉我们,我们的父亲正在康复。
7. take charge of 接管;负责
例句: Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program 你知道琳达是否愿意负责这个节目吗?
8. free of charge 免费
例句: Your order will be sent free of charge. 您的订单将免费发送。[citation:22对应上一轮例句]
9. charge sb. with sth. 控告某人(做)某事
例句: He was charged with abusing his power. 他被指控滥用职权。
10. defend against/from 保护……免受……伤害
例句: We need to take measures to defend the country from attack. 我们需要采取措施保卫国家免受攻击。
11. be surrounded by/with 被……包围
例句: Standing in the watchtower, we admired the surrounding scenes. 站在了望塔里,我们欣赏着周围的景色。
12. be dotted with 布满;点缀着
例句: The city is dotted with small lakes, natural and artificial. 这座城市遍布着小型湖泊,有天然的也有人工的。
13. a crowd of / crowds of 成群的……;一群……
例句: I am not only representing myself, but also a crowd of people who are waiting for my news. 我不仅仅代表我自己,也代表了一群在等我消息的人。
14. be eager for sth. / to do sth. 渴望某事 / 渴望做某事
例句: Our company is eager to expand into new markets. 我们公司急需开拓新市场。
15. approach to (doing) sth. ……的方法/途径
例句: In a word, this is a clever approach to a common problem. 总之,这是解决一个常见问题的巧妙方法。
16. It is/was generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方
例句: It was generous of him to pay for us. 他真大方,为我们付了钱。
17. make great achievements 做出巨大的成就
例句: Evidence shows that the Qin Dynasty made great achievements in many aspects. 有证据表明秦朝在许多方面做出了巨大的成就。
18. result in 导致
例句: The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. 爱尔兰南部脱离了英国,这形成了我们今天的全名。
19. date back to 追溯到
例句: This tradition dates back to the 16th century. 这个传统可以追溯到16世纪。
20. have a great influence on 对……有很大的影响
例句: What his parents did and said had a great influence on his behavior. 他父母的言行对他的行为有很大的影响。
21. in defence of 为了保卫……;为……辩护
例句: What points can be raised in defence of this argument 有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护?
22. leave behind 留下;丢弃
例句: Don't leave behind any personal belongings on the train. 别把个人物品落在火车上。
23. make up 组成,构成;编造;弥补;化妆
例句: I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him. 我认为你编造关于他的故事是很不友善的。
24. no longer / not any longer 不再
例句: Why the Qin Dynasty was strong is no longer a puzzle. 秦朝为何强大不再是一个谜。
25. a large amount of / huge amounts of 大量的
例句: A huge amount of food is wasted every day. 每天浪费大量的食物。[citation:24对应上一轮例句]
26. a variety of 各种各样的
例句: It offers a variety of drinks and snacks, such as wine, beer and hamburgers. 它提供各种各样的饮料和小吃,如葡萄酒、啤酒和汉堡包。
27. in ruins 成为废墟
例句: Earthquakes can leave cities and countries in ruins. 地震会使城市和国家沦为废墟。
28. lead to 导致;造成
例句: Smoking can lead to serious health problems. 吸烟可能导致严重的健康问题。
29. add to 增加
例句: The short film will surely add to your further understanding of the development of our school. 这部短片肯定会增加你对学校发展的进一步了解。
30. take over 接管;占领
例句: You will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times. 你都会被在不同历史时期统治这里的四个不同族群留下的证据所包围。
31. keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系
例句: It was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them. 我脱离所有的朋友并且从不联系他们是愚蠢的。(注:此句为break away from的例句,反衬keep in touch with的重要性)
32. more than 很;非常
例句: I am more than happy to invite you to the party. 我非常高兴能邀请你参加派对。
33. be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
例句: Tom is more than likely to be charged with stealing these important files. 汤姆很有可能被指控偷了这些重要的文件。
34. It is/was evident that... 很明显……
例句: It is evident that the Confucian philosophy affected a large number of ancient people. 很明显,儒家哲学影响了大量的古人。
35. as well 也
例句: Now when people refer to England, you will find Wales included as well. 现在当人们提到英格兰时,你会发现威尔士也被包括在内。
36. at the entrance to 在……的入口处
例句: At the entrance to the cinema there was a crowd pushing to get in. 在电影院入口处有一群人推挤着要进去。
37. attend to 照顾;照料;处理
例句: He is seriously ill, and needs someone to attend to him all the time. 他病得很重,需要一直有人照顾他。
38. fix one's eyes on 注视;凝视
例句: The clever boy fixed his eyes on the blackboard and answered the questions. 这个聪明的男孩盯着黑板,回答了问题。
39. all the way 一路上;自始至终
例句: Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to take a train to Vancouver. 他们没有全程坐飞机,而是决定坐火车去温哥华。
40. the number of ……的数量
例句: Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated. 只有将医生数量增加50%,病人才能得到治疗。
41. the amount of ……的量
例句: Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide, the climate is going to keep on warming. 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳的量,气候仍将持续变暖。
42. have a chance of doing sth. 有做某事的机会
例句: I am happy that I have a chance of visiting your nation. 我很高兴有机会访问贵国。
43. breathe in 吸入
例句: In the morning I open the window wide and breathe in deeply. 早上我把窗户大开,深呼吸。
e out 出版;出来;出现
例句: His new collection of poems will come out next year. 他的新诗集将于明年出版。
45. break into 破门而入;闯入
例句: The cattle broke into the wheat fields and did much damage. 牛闯进了麦田,造成了很大的破坏。
46. a feast for the eyes 视觉盛宴
例句: The exhibition is a feast for the eyes. 这个展览是一场视觉盛宴。
47. as sweet as honey 像蜜一样甜
例句: The watermelon is as sweet as honey. 这西瓜像蜜一样甜。
48. bread and butter 面包和黄油;生计
例句: They know on which side their bread is buttered. 他们知道自己的利益所在。[citation:29对应上一轮例句]
49. be referred to as 被称为;被认为
例句: This type of art is referred to as abstract expressionism. 这种艺术被称为抽象表现主义。
50. pull one's leg 开玩笑;捉弄
例句: Quit pulling my leg. I know there isn't a Hollywood director calling me right now. 别开我玩笑了。我知道现在没有好莱坞导演给我打电话。
51. Achilles' heel 致命弱点;要害
例句: Lack of self-confidence is his Achilles' heel, I am afraid. 恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。[citation:4对应上一轮例句]

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