资源简介

(共40张PPT)
Unit 3　The world of science
Section Ⅲ　Using language
学习任务目标
1. Identify and summarise the forms and functions of the present perfect passive through observation, and apply it correctly in different contexts and situations.
2. Understand the main idea of listening materials, gather specific details to complete the notes and explore general topics related to inventions in daily life.
3. Utilise appropriate structures to introduce scientists and their achievements in various fields.
自主式预习
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出句中黑体单词的汉语意思
1. If you fear that the problems are beyond your help, seek professional help from social workers, medical professionals or government authorities.________________
2. Seven baby loggerhead turtles were recently hatched after successful artificial incubation (孵化) at Qingdao Haichang Ocean Park, marking the first instance of artificial breeding of loggerhead turtles in the country._______________
超出(能力所及)
例子，实例
3. We'll build a review－related database to strengthen the combination of the theory and practice.____
4. To protect and breed the rare species, the park established a primate research centre dedicated to conservation worldwide.____
5. The man is regarded as one of the brilliant young scientists for his great contribution to the country's space project.__________________
6. It was reported that at the lower stream of the river, the peak flood volume surpassed 1，000 cubic metres per second.__________
理论
物种
聪颖的，才华横溢的
小河，小溪
Ⅱ. 拓展词汇知变形
教材词汇 拓展词汇
_______ adj. 被动的 (反义词)active adj. 主动的，积极的
___________ adj. 重要的，影响深远的 significance n. 含义，意思；重要性，重大意义
significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地；意味深长地
______ v. 使受伤，弄伤 injured adj. 受伤的
injury n. 受伤，伤害
passive
significant
injure
教材词汇 拓展词汇
_______ n. 化学家 chemical n. 化学品 adj. 化学的
chemistry n. 化学
_________ n. 生物学家 biology n. 生物学
biological adj. 生物的；生物学的
________ adj. 精确的 accuracy n. 精确，准确
_____ adj. 小的 minority n. 少数民族；少数
chemist
biologist
accurate
minor
教材词汇 拓展词汇
______ n. 起源，起因 original adj. 原先的，最初的
originally adv. 原先地，最初地
______ adj. 精神的；精神健康的 mentally adv. 精神上，智力上
(反义词) physical adj. 身体的，肉体的
____ n. 药剂；疗法 curable adj. 可治愈的，可医好的
__________ n. 天文学家 astronomy n. 天文学
astronomical adj. 天文学的；巨大的
_____________ adj. 非凡的，出色的；令人惊奇的 extraordinarily adv. 奇怪地；极其，极端地
origin
mental
cure
astronomer
extraordinary
Ⅲ. 补全短语
1. ______ recognition 无法辨认
2. ___ instance 例如
3. be named _____ 以……命名
4. more ____ 超过；多于；不仅仅；非常
5. due __ 因为，由于
6. be regarded/recognised __ 被视作……
7. break ____ 闯入，强行进入，破门而入
8. at the end __ 在……的末尾，在……的尽头
beyond
for
after
than
to
as
into
of
Ⅳ. 补全句子
1. 句型公式：as... as...
He also developed a calendar which is ______________ the Gregorian calendar.
他还发明了一种和公历一样精确的历法。
as accurate as
2. 句型公式：be known for；“介词＋关系词”引导定语从句
British biologist Charles Darwin (1809－1882) _________________ his work On the Origin of Species, ________ he explains changes in species due to natural selection.
英国生物学家查尔斯·达尔文(1809－1882)最广为人知的是其著作《物种起源》，他在书中解释了物种因自然选择而发生的变化。
is best known for
in which
3. 句型公式：“the number of＋名词”作主语
It is recognised as the most common mental disease among older people, and __________________________________．
它被认为是老年人中最常见的精神疾病，患者人数也在不断增加。
the number of sufferers is growing
任务型课堂
1. significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的
[教材原文]But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.
但也许迄今为止人们取得的最重大的成功是在医学上。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be significant for 对……是重要的，对……有重大意义
It is significant to do sth. 做某事意义重大。
It is significant that... 重要的是……
(2)significance n. 含义，意思；重大意义，重要性
be of great significance非常重要
attach (great) significance to 认为……(很)重要
(3)significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地；意味深长地
常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语：
be of significance＝be significant
be of importance＝be important
be of value＝be valuable
be of help＝be helpful
be of use＝be useful
[即学即练]
(1)语法填空
①As we all know, water is __ great significance to human beings.
②It is ___________ (significance) to put ourselves in their shoes when we have conflicts with friends.
③Last but not least, health is also very significant ___ us students.
④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Because the system is automated, it ____________
(significant) reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.
of
significant
for
significantly
(2)写作微练
①(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作之发言稿)高速列车像串珠一样连接着遥远的城市，大大缩短了旅行时间。
High－speed trains link distant cities like beads on a string, __________
_______________________．
②(应用文写作之发言稿)这个发现对医学领域具有重要意义，因为它可能带来新的治疗方法。
This discovery _____________________________________ as it may lead to new treatments.
significantly
reducing travel time
is of significance for the field of medicine
2. cure n. 药剂；疗法；治愈 v. 缓解(人或动物)的疾病症状，治疗；治愈
[教材原文]Currently, there's no cure for Alzheimer's, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.
目前，还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法，但是科学家们正在研究提高阿尔茨海默病患者的生活质量的方法。
[归纳拓展]
(1)cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的……病；改正某人的不良习惯
(2)a cure for... 治疗……的方法
其他“动词＋sb.＋of＋sth.”型短语：
①accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某物
②warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某物
③remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某物
④rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
⑤suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某物
⑥inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某物
[即学即练]
(1)语法填空
①The doctor is trying to find a cure ___ this rare disease.
②Kindness and understanding can cure people __ loneliness.
for
of
(2)写作微练
①(应用文写作之建议信)笑声可以治愈压力和忧虑。
Laughter can be ___________________________．
②(读后续写之情景描写)这张老照片让那位老人想起了他在那个小镇度过的幸福时光。
This old photo ________________________________spent in that small town.
a cure for stress and worry
reminds the old man of his happy days
语法研习课
现在完成时的被动语态
①This evening, I'll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published.
②I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
③New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
①②③句均使用了“_____________＋及物动词的___________”的结构，我们称之为____________________。现在完成时的被动语态表示__________的动作，且主语是动作的_______。
have/has been
过去分词
现在完成时的被动语态
已经完成
承受者
一、现在完成时的被动语态的含义和构成
现在完成时的被动语态强调动作或状态在说话之前已经结束或持续到现在并对现在产生影响或造成结果；同时，主语是行为动作的承受者，主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系，表示“……已经被……”。
现在完成时的被动语态的结构是“主语＋have/has＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”。
It is said that the plan has been studied by the experts for three times.
据说，这个计划已经被专家研究了三次了。
Paper money has been used for over one thousand years.
纸币已经使用了一千多年了。
These flowers have been watered. You can go home now.
这些花已经被浇过水了，你现在可以回家了。
二、现在完成时的被动语态的几种常规用法
1. 用于不知道动作执行者是谁时。
His bike has been stolen.
他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是被谁偷的)
2. 用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时。
Not a book in the library has been taken away.
图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书，泛指)
3. 用于动作的执行者不是人时。
The house has been washed away by the storm.
那栋房子已经被暴风雨冲走了。
现在完成时的标志词有“for＋一段时间”、since、 already、 ever、 yet、 so far、 up to/until now、 in the last/past few years/days/minutes/
months等。
三、现在完成时的被动语态的否定式和疑问句式
1. 现在完成时的被动语态的否定式由“have/has＋not＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.
墨迹还没有从他的大衣上去掉。
2. 现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have/Has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
Has the date for the next meeting been decided
下次会议的日期已确定了吗？
3. 现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问式由“特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
How long has this film been shown
这部电影已放映多长时间了？
Who has been helped by the new computer
谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？
How many new words have been learned by these students
这些学生已经学会了多少个新单词？
四、现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1. 现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一不可。
He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
他已被选中参加运动会。
2. 注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，不强调对现在的影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。
The library has been built.
这座图书馆已经建好了。(图书馆可以用了)
The library was built last year.
这座图书馆是去年建成的。(图书馆现在是否能用是未知的)
3. 由finish、 buy、 start、 begin、 post、 return、 borrow、 join、 marry、 open等非延续性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days, how long等连用，若与这些时间状语连用，需要改换动词或时态。
译：这本书借了一周了。
误：The book has been borrowed for a week.
正：The book has been kept for a week.
但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。
The book has not been borrowed since last week.
自上周以来，没有人借过这本书。
4. 有些动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略这些动词短语中的介词或副词。
The injured bird has been looked after since it was saved. (after不可漏掉)
那只受伤的小鸟获救后一直被照看着。
Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. For centuries, the ancient language _______________ (pass) on from one generation to another.
2. Jenny is very careless. This is the third time that she ________ (lose) her library card.
3. Mr Lee moved to New Jersey in his early twenties and he _________ (live) in the United States ever since.
has been passed
has lost
has lived
4. Their new house __________________ (decorate) for two months and they will settle in it in the near future.
5. When and where to go for the on－salary holiday ________________
(not decide) yet.
6. Great changes __________ (take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories _____________ (set) up.
7. Over the past three years, the paintings _______________ (take) to more than 20 museums in the world.
8. —Why does the lake smell terrible
—Because large quantities of water __________________ (pollute).
has been decorated
has not been decided
have taken
have been set
have been taken
have been polluted
Ⅱ. 把下面各句改为被动语态
1. They have advertised their new cars on the Internet since last week.
→______________________________________________________________________________
2. My friend has bought a new personal computer.
→_____________________________________________________
3. Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→_________________________________________________________
Their new cars have been advertised on the Internet (by them) since last week.
A new personal computer has been bought by my friend.
Jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work.
4. We have planted many trees on the hill in the last five years.
→_________________________________________________________
5. She has already returned the book to the library.
→_________________________________________________________
Many trees have been planted (by us) on the hill in the last five years.
The book has already been returned to the library (by her).
本节课掌握了哪些考点？
本节课还有什么疑问点？
谢 谢！

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