资源简介

Unit 2　Looking into the Future
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P19]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. We can’t take your advice. 　Nevertheless　 (不过), thank you for putting it forward.
2. Can you analyse the 　structure　 (结构) of the sentence for me It’s a little complicated.
3. Many people expressed a strong 　preference　 (prefer) for the original plan.
4. The buildings are well 　integrated　 (integrate) with the landscape.
5. Both drivers are in a 　critical　 (严重的) condition after the serious crash.
6. Do you have any double rooms 　available　 (可用的) this weekend
7. Just a word of 　warning　 (warn)—restaurants in this area can be very expensive.
8. The vegetarian burger was an 　innovation　 (innovate) which was rapidly exported to Britain.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
switch off　　　　　　　 keep track of…
respond to prevent…from…
in a sense provide…with…
1. They have already 　provided　 me 　with　 everything I need.
2. The screen is sensitive and can 　respond to　 slight touch.
3. Nothing would 　prevent　 him 　from　 speaking out against injustice.
4. You are right 　in a sense　, but you don’t know the whole truth.
5. As a doctor, Brooks has to 　keep track of　 the latest developments in medicine.
6. Should there be urgent situations, press this red button to 　switch off　 the electricity.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★ persuade vt.& vi.劝说;说服;使信服
If she doesn’t want to go, nothing you can say will persuade her.
如果她不想去,你说什么也劝不动她。
【归纳拓展】
persuade sb of sth 使某人相信……
persuade sb that… 使某人相信……
persuade sb (not) to do sth
说服某人(不)去做某事
persuade sb into/out of doing sth
说服某人做/不做某事
【即学即练】
(1)他这人很容易被说服,这让他经常成为别人欺骗的对象。
He 　persuades　 easily, which makes him an easy target for cheaters.
(2)如果人们被劝服戒烟和做更多的运动,那么患肺癌的人数会大幅下降。
The number of lung cancer will go down greatly if 　people are persuaded to give up/into giving up smoking　 and do more regular exercise.
(3)他们当中很少有人相信乡村商店的好处。
Few of them 　are persuaded of　 the benefits of the village shop.
2. ★ remote adj.远程的;偏远的;偏僻的;微乎其微的
It was my first visit to a remote village.
这是我第一次去一个偏僻的村庄。
【归纳拓展】
remote control 遥控器;远程控制
in the remote past/future 在遥远的过去/将来
be remote from… 偏离……
a remote chance 一线希望
【即学即练】
(1)炸弹由远程控制引爆。
The bomb was exploded 　by remote control　.
(2)这家农舍附近没有其他的房屋。
The farmhouse 　is remote from　 any other buildings.
(3)他们仍然有一线希望能把她活着找到。
There is still 　a remote chance　 that they will find her alive. 　
3. ★ preference n.爱好;偏爱;偏好;优待
Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening.
你的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好,所以当你每天晚上回家时,一切都会为你准备好。
【归纳拓展】
have a preference for 更喜欢
in preference to 优先于;而不是
give (a) preference to 给……以优惠;优待
【即学即练】
(1)由于拥堵的交通,很多人都更愿意选择火车而不是开车。
Owing to heavy traffic jams, many people would like to choose the train 　in preference to　 driving.
(2)这所大学的毕业生会被优先考虑。
　Preference will be given to　 graduates of this university.
(3)比起辛辣食物我更喜欢甜食。
I 　have a preference for　 sweet food over spicy.
4. ★switch vt.转换;交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer
或者,你曾经忘记关掉电视或电脑吗
【归纳拓展】
switch on 打开;接通
switch off 关闭;切断
switch (from…) to… (从……) 转变为……
switch sth with sb 和某人交换某物
make a switch 做出改变
【即学即练】
(1)因大雨的原因,运动会的日期已经改变。
As a consequence of the heavy rain, the date of the sports meeting 　has been switched　.
(2)请注意!务必确保演出时所有手机关机。
Attention,please! Do make sure all mobile phones 　are switched off　 during the performance.
(3)为了缓和气氛,我们转换了话题。
To break the ice,we 　switched　 the conversation 　from　 one subject 　to　 another.
(4)我们和交换生交换礼物以示我们的礼貌和友谊。
We 　switched presents/gifts with　 exchange students to show our politeness and friendship.
(5)这位小说家是如此固执,以至于他拒绝在对待这件事情的态度上做出改变。
So stubborn was the novelist that he refused to 　make a switch　 in his attitude to the event.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句:However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
点睛:will be doing是将来进行时态,一般有以下几个用法:表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作;表示按计划或安排要发生的动作;表示将要发生并持续的动作,课文中主要是这种用法;也可用来表达委婉的语气。
【即学即练】
(1)明天这个时候我将正在飞往纽约的途中。
This time tomorrow I 　will be flying to　 New York.
(2)他们明天下午三点将正在开会。
They 　will be having　 a meeting at 3 p.m. tomorrow.
(3)你稍后会用电脑吗 如果你不用的话,我需要借用一下。
　Will you be using　 the computer later I need to borrow it if you’re not.
2. 原句:Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
点睛:the instant (that) 意为“一……就……”。此处可以看出表时间的名词可以充当连词,引导时间状语从句。类似的词除了名词短语之外,还有:the moment、 the minute、 the second、 the first time、 the last time、 next time等短语。 除了名词短语之外,once、immediately、 directly等副词也可以充当连词引导时间状语从句。
【即学即练】
(1)我一到站台,火车就开动了。
　The instant/minute/moment/second　 I reached the platform, the train began to move.
(2)他回到家的那天,他父亲就去世了。
　The day he returned home 　, his father passed away.　
(3)你下次来的时候,请把作文带来。
　Next time you come　, please bring your composition.
(4)她一听到这个坏消息就哭了起来。
She began to cry 　immediately　 she heard the bad news.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
“Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanised way,” said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later, is designed to be a personalised assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
(　B　)1. How are social robots different from household robots 　
A. They can control their emotions.
B. They are more like humans.
C. They do the normal housework.
D. They respond to users more slowly.
(　D　)2. What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3
A. Communicate with you and perform operations.
B. Answer your questions and make requests.
C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
(　B　)3. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will 　　.
A. train employees
B. be our workmates
C. improve technologies
D. take the place of workers
(　D　)4. What does the passage mainly present
A. A new design idea of household robots.
B. Marketing strategies for social robots.
C. Information on household robots.
D. An introduction to social robots.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交机器人的一些情况。社交机器人在接下来的几年内将会越来越普遍,它与家用机器人的区别在于它们可以与人面对面交流,可以应用于教育、医疗保健等领域。
1. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanised way”及第二段内容可知,社交机器人不仅仅是工具,它们更为人性化。
2. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “…and make requests for it to perform different tasks” 及 “It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.”可知,Jibo机器人在服从人们的指令的同时也能提醒老人按时吃药。
3. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“…but to work alongside other employees”可知,社交机器人将会成为我们的同事。
4. D　【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段对社交机器人做了综述性介绍,接着分段举例说明社交机器人的用途及性能等情况,由此可知,文章的主要内容与介绍社交机器人有关。
Ⅵ.语法填空
In the future, our home will be more intelligent, which can ensure our security, save energy and provide 　1　 more comfortable environment to live in for us. It offers several advantages 　2　 conventional homes.
First, the smart home can control all electrical 　3　 (appliance) automatically, which makes your home more energy-efficient. The smart system will also learn your daily routine and 　4　 (prefer). When you get home every evening, it will prepare everything for you.
　5　 you need to do is to control it with your voice. In addition, your smart home will be used to monitor your health for you every day. So if something 　6　 (normal) happens to you or you have a critical illness, it can warn you early and 　7　 (potential) save your life. What’s more, smart homes will be able to prevent accidents 　8　 (happen). They can detect something wrong 　9　 provide the relevant information. This technology is not a fantasy, but it will take some years 　10　 it comes true.
1. 　a 2. 　over　
3. 　appliances 4. 　preferences　
5. 　What 6. 　abnormal　
7. 　potentially 8. 　happening　
9. 　and 10. 　before　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不久的将来将实现家居智能化,这将从安全保障、节能等方面提高我们的生活质量。
1. a　【解析】 考查冠词。句意:为我们提供一个更为舒适的居住环境。空格处应使用不定冠词表泛指;又因more发音以辅音音素开头,空格处应使用a。
2. over　【解析】 考查介词。advantage over意为“优于……”,为固定搭配。
3. appliances　【解析】 考查名词单复数。根据all可知,空格处表示复数概念,appliance为可数名词,应使用单词的复数形式。
4. preferences　【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处与daily routine并列,应使用prefer的名词形式preference作learn的宾语;又因preference表示各种喜好时为可数名词,应使用名词的复数形式,故填preferences。
5. What　【解析】 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导主语从句并在从句中充当主语,应使用连接词what;又应空格处位于句首,首字母应大写。
6. abnormal　【解析】 考查词根词缀。根据下文中的“it can warn you early”可知,此处指不好的事情发生,空格处应使用ab-否定前缀,即normal的反义词abnormal。
7. potentially　【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰动词save应使用potential的副词形式potentially作状语。
8. happening　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为prevent,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;happening和主语accident构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用动词-ing形式,prevent …(from) doing…意为“阻止……做……”,为固定搭配。
9. and　【解析】 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空格前后的provide和detect为并列关系,共用主语 they,且空后句子成分完整,故填and。
10. before　【解析】 考查连词。空格前后都是完整的句子,因此空格处应填连词;空格处表示在……之前,故填before;It will take some time before…意为“还要多久才能……”。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P23]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The beach is within walking 　distance　 (distant) of my house.
2. Of the 　phrases　 (短语) “go crazy” and “go nuts”, the latter is used less frequently.
3. The 　electric　 (electricity) fan she repaired in town yesterday works well again.
4. I don’t think his remarks are 　relevant　 (相关的) to our discussion.　
5. The psychologist is studying the causes of 　abnormal　 (normal) behaviour of violent criminals.
6. I’ll call you the 　instant　 (瞬间) I get home.
7. What is so impressive about their society is the 　efficiency　(efficient) of the public services.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——将来进行时
单句语法填空
1. The plane 　will be going　 (go) at the present speed until it crosses the mountain at about ten tonight.
2. Mr Smith will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because he 　will be teaching　 (teach) a class then.
3. I won’t be able to watch the concert on TV tonight because I 　shall/will be doing　 (do) homework at that time.
4. I 　shall/will be having/was having　 (have) a talk with him at five o’clock this afternoon.
5. We 　shall/will be having　 (have) a debate on some environmental issues all afternoon tomorrow.
6. After you take the medicine, you 　will be feeling　 (feel) much better.
7. We believe that peasants’ life 　will be getting　 (get) better and better.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Microsoft Corp founder Bill Gates caught people’s eye in a recent interview, when he suggested that robots should be taxed in order to help humans keep their jobs. Gates is only one of many people in the tech world who have worried about automation and its 　1　 to workers.
It’s easy to see why the tech world is 　2　. The rise of machine learning has increased the fear that 　3　 humans could simply become out of date—　4　, 3.5 million American truck drivers might soon find their jobs threatened by driverless trucks. Though in the past, technology usually complemented workers 　5　 replacing them, there’s no law of nature saying the technology of the future will work the same. A few economists even claim that cheap automation has already 　6　 income from workers to company owners.
Another 　7　 is that even if the mass of humanity ultimately does find new ways to add value by complementing new technology—to “race with the machines”, as economist Erik Brynjofsson puts it—this transition could take a long time and hurt a lot of people. As Bloomberg View’s Tyler Cowen has noted, wages in Britain fell for four decades at the start of the Industrial Revolution. More 　8　, we’ve seen very slow and painful adjustment to the impact of globalization. If the machine learning revolution hurts workers for 40 years before ultimately helping them, it might be worth it to 　9　 that revolution and give them time to adjust.
The main argument against taxing the robots is that it might hold back 　10　. Growth in rich countries has slowed markedly in the past decade, suggesting that it’s getting harder and harder to find new ways of doing things. Stagnating (停滞) productivity, combined with falling business investment, suggests that 　11　 of new technology is currently too slow rather than too fast—the biggest problem right now isn’t too many robots, it’s too few. Taxing new technology, however it’s done, could make that slowdown worse.
The problem with Gates’ basic proposal is that it’s very hard to tell the difference between new technology that 　12　 humans and new technology that replaces them. This is especially true over the long term. Power looms (织布机) replaced human weavers back in the Industrial Revolution. 　13　, people eventually became more productive, by learning to operate those looms. If taxes had slowed the development of power looms, the eventual improvements would have come later.
This is a powerful argument 　14　 the taxation of automation. Gates is right to say that we should start thinking ahead of time about how to use policy to mitigate (缓和) the unintended consequences of automation. But given the importance of sustaining innovation, we should look at 　15　 policies.
(　B　)1. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A. resistance B. threat
C. admission D. dedication
(　B　)2. A. frightened B. worried
C. intolerant D. offensive
(　C　)3. A. few B. several
C. many D. any
(　B　)4. A. in other words B. for example
C. of course D. by contrast
(　D　)5. A. in case of B. because of
C. in face of D. instead of
(　A　)6. A. distracted B. digested
C. directed D. disclosed
(　A　)7. A. fear B. proposal
C. adjustment D. complement
(　B　)8. A. possibly B. recently
C. primarily D. technically
(　A　)9. A. slow down B. make up
C. get over D. give up
(　A　)10. A. modernisation B. availability
C. popularity D. innovation
(　B　)11. A. persuasion B. adoption
C. interruption D. organisation
(　A　)12. A. complements B. engages
C. invades D. matures
(　A　)13. A. However B. Therefore
C. Consequently D. Furthermore
(　B　)14. A. from B. against
C. by D. besides
(　D　)15. A. uppermost B. stimulating
C. persistent D. alternative
语篇解读: 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Bill Gates的一种看法,即如果机器人代替了人的工作,它们也应该对应于同等水平下的人力劳动缴税。而Gates只是科技界众多担心自动化的人员之一,人们对此观点不一。
1. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“worried about”可知,此处指担心自动化所带来的问题,其可能会威胁到员工。
2. B　【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格后的“The rise of machine learning has increased the fear that…”及上文中的“worried about automation”可知,此处指科技世界是令人担忧的。
3. C　【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“3.5 million American truck drivers might soon find their jobs threatened by driverless trucks”可知,美国有350万卡车司机因无人驾驶卡车的出现而感到工作受到威胁,由此推知,因科技发展而失业的人会很多。
4. B　【解析】 考查介词短语。根据下文中的“3.5 million American truck drivers might soon find their jobs threatened by driverless trucks”可知,此处为举例说明。
5. D　【解析】 考查介词短语。根据空格前的“usually complemented workers”及空格后的“replacing them”可知,空格前后为互斥关系,instead of意为“代替;而不是”。
6. A　【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“there’s no law of nature saying the technology of the future will work the same”可知,在未来机器的运行模式与现在可能会不太一样。由于机器可以代替工人工作,因此自然就把工人们的收入转移到了老板手中。
7. A　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文语境可知,上文介绍了一种担忧,此处指另一种担忧,即使人类最终找到了新的方法来增加价值,那也会需要很长时间。
8. B　【解析】 考查副词。根据空格后的“we’ve seen very slow and painful…”结合上下文语境可知,此处指最近目睹的一些事情,已经看到了这个调整过程,且调整过程并为涉及技术。
9. A　【解析】 考查动词短语。根据下文中的 “and give them time to adjust”可知,此处指减缓变革的进程。
10. A　【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“Growth in rich countries has slowed markedly in the past decade…”“Stagnating (停滞) productivity”及“falling business investment”可知,此处指不仅仅是创新这一件事,而是这些因素综合起来的一件事——现代化,对机器人征税的争议主要是这样是否会阻碍现代化发展。
11. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据空格后的“new technology”并结合语境可知,此处指对新技术的采用。
12. A　【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“complemented workers 　5　 replacing them”可知,文章一直在谈论科技是会辅助人类还是取代人类的问题。此处指区分辅助人类的新技术以及取代人类的新技术。
13. A　【解析】 考查副词。根据上下文语境可知,织布机取代人类已成为事实,但人类通过学习使用织布机而变得更有生产效率,此处表示转折关系。
14. B　【解析】 考查介词。根据空格前的“argument”可知,此处指对于对自动化收税有强烈的争议,against意为“违反;反对”。
15. D　【解析】 考查形容词。根据文章内容可知,本文主要围绕是否应该对自动化征税这一话题展开,为了解决这一问题,政府提供的政策应当是有选择余地的。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.
The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated (复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms (算法) may soon have the ability to peer into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.
“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality,” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team tracks 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, and then determines their personality features with “well-established questionnaires” for determining personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.
The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality features, such as “neuroticism, extraversion (外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as perceptual (感知的) curiosity”, the scientists wrote.
“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other high-tech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines,” Loetscher said.
“People are always looking for improved, personalised services. Today’s robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to nonverbal information,” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by Indian Express. “This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.”
The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in a British newspaper.
(　A　)1. What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Understand.
B. Stare at.
C. Search for.
D. Concern about.
(　B　)2. How did the researchers conduct the research
A. It was carried out in a lab.
B. 42 subjects’ eye movements were recorded.
C. The students’ daily movements were tracked.
D. Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer.
(　D　)3. According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know
A. Robots and computers are socially conscious.
B. People care less about improved, personalised services.
C. Today’s robots and computers can accustom to nonverbal information.
D. The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究:由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。
1. A　【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul.”可知,了解一个人的灵魂可由其眼睛入手,peer into与understand意思相近。
2. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“whose team tracks 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, and then determines their personality features…” 可知,研究人员通过记录42名研究对象的眼球运动来进行这项研究。
3. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“‘…could improve the way human beings interact with their computers…social interactions with machines’”可知,这一发现将改善人类和机器之间的互动。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P26]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. She started her 　career　 (事业) as an English teacher.
2. We spent a 　luxurious　 (luxury) weekend at a country hotel.
3. He also laid special 　emphasis　 (emphasize) on cooperation between the two countries.
4. Many experts advocate　rewarding　 (reward) your child for good behaviour.
5. Many famous people are attending the festival—　hence　 (因此) the extra security.
6. Most of the people are in favour of the plan, while those who 　oppose　 (反对) it are in the minority.
7. He was going to　cease　 (终止) working for them.
8. She did not mention her mother’s 　absence　 (absent).
9. The weather forecasts made accurate 　predictions　 (预测) about the hurricane.
10. The invention of 　artificial　 (人造的) hearts marked a turning point in the battle against heart disease.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
in the absence of　　　 care about
benefit from keep in touch
place emphasis on be opposed to
1. These activities can not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to 　care about　 others.
2. It’s high time that we 　placed emphasis on　 the improvement of food safety.
3. I can 　keep in touch　 with friends and family by using email.
4. We 　are　 strongly 　opposed to　 racial discrimination.
5. Thousands of patients have 　benefited from　 the new treatment, and their condition has got much better.
6. How can they finish the work 　in the absence of　 any other helpers
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★ oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠;opposed adj.相反的;对立的 opposite adj.相反的;相对的 prep.在……对面 opposition n.反对
In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars.
在这篇文章中,很多人说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车的想法。
【归纳拓展】
oppose (doing) sth反对(做)……
oppose sb/sb’s doing sth反对某人做某事
be opposed to反对……
【即学即练】
(1)出乎意料的是在昨天的会议上,教授的提议遭到了强烈的反对。
Unexpectedly, the professor’s proposals met with strong 　opposition　 at yesterday’s meeting.
(2)我父母反对我选文科,这使我情绪低落。因此,你可以给我一些建议吗
My parents 　oppose me/my choosing arts　, which makes me in low spirits. Hence, could you be kind enough to offer me some tips
(3)与丈夫激烈争吵后,Jane生气地朝相反的方向走了。
After quarreling with her husband fiercely,Jane walked off 　in the opposite direction　 in anger.
(4)反对这个提议的学生可以陈述他们的理由。(用非谓语动词作定语)
Those students 　opposed to/opposing the proposal　 can present their reasons.
2. ★ advocate vt.提倡;支持;拥护 n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者
The government advocated that we (should) save water in our life.
政府提倡我们在生活中要节约用水。
【归纳拓展】
advocate doing sth 主张/支持做某事
advocate for sth 主张/提倡某事
advocate that sb (should) do sth
提倡某人做某事
【即学即练】
(1)我们主张通过谈判解决国际争端,而不是诉诸武力。
We 　advocate(d) solving　 international dispute by negotiation, instead of appealing to arms.
(2)我们将会继续提倡采用地区合作的方式建设这个项目。
We will continue to 　advocate for　 a regional, cooperative approach to constructing the project.
(3)他们主张在下次会议上讨论我们反对的提案。
They 　advocate for　 the proposal we were opposed 　(should) be　 discussed at the next meeting.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句:It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.
点睛:该句为it作形式主语的固定句型之一,真正的主语是that从句。需注意be动词的时态变化或前面加情态动词等情况。除了动词argue之外,常见动词还有say、 think、debate、consider、believe、report、accept、acknowledge等。
【即学即练】
1. 可以说学习一门新语言能拓宽人的视野。
　It could be said that　 learning a new language broadens one’s horizons.
2. 可能有人会认为独自旅行有很多好处。
　It might be argued that　 travelling alone has many benefits.
3. 长期以来人们一直认为地球是平的。然而,我们现在知道它是球形的。
　It has long been believed that　the Earth is flat. However, we now know that it is spherical.
4. 人们普遍认为环境保护具有重大意义。
　It is universally acknowledged that　 environmental protection is of great significance.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
In 1900, an American engineer called John Elfreth Watkins made a number of predictions about what the world would be like in 2000. So what did Watkins get right and wrong 100 years later
Digital Colour Photography
“Photographs will be telegraphed from any distance. If there is a battle in a place a hundred years hence, snapshots of its most striking events will be published in the newspapers an hour later… Photographs will reproduce all of nature’s colours.”
Watkins did not, of course, use the word “digital” or describe precisely how digital cameras and computers would work, but he accurately predicted how people would come to use new photographic technology. When Watkins was making his predictions, it took a week for a picture of something happening in China to make its way into Western papers.
Mobile Phones
“Wireless telephone and telegraph circuits will span the world. A husband in the middle of the Atlantic will be able to converse with his wife sitting in her boudoir in Chicago. We will be able to telephone to China as readily as we now talk from New York to Brooklyn.”
International phone calls were unheard-of in Watkins’ day. It was another 15 years before the first call was made, by Alexander Bell, even from one coast of the US to the other. The idea of wireless telephone was truly revolutionary.
Pre-Prepared Meals
“Ready-cooked meals will be bought from establishments similar to our bakeries of today.”
The popularity of ready meals in supermarkets and takeaway shops suggests that Watkins was right although he supposed that the meals would be delivered on plates which would be returned to the cooking establishments to be washed.
Hothouse Vegetables
“Winter will be turned into summer and night into day by the farmer with electric wires under the soil and large gardens under glass.”
Large gardens under glass were already a reality, but he was correct to predict the use of electricity. Although coloured lights and electric currents did not take off, they were probably experimented with.
(　C　)1. The writer wrote the above paragraphs mainly to 　　　　.
A. tell us what the world was like 100 years ago
B. explain how Watkins made so many predictions
C. introduce what Watkins predicted right
D. encourage us to make more predictions
(　B　)2. According to the second prediction, we can surely say 100 years ago 　　　　.
A. people had easy access to international telephone calls
B. people could conveniently make a call from New York to Brooklyn
C. international phone calls were only available in large cities like Chicago
D. the first call from the east coast of the US to the west coast had been made
(　D　)3. What can we infer from the passage
A. Ready-cooked meals were popular 100 years ago. 　
B. Watkins predicted plates would be washed before they were returned.
C. Watkins would carry out experiments to test his predictions.
D. Large gardens under glass were put in use 100 years ago.
(　A　)4. What will most probably be discussed in the next part of the passage
A. Some wrong predictions from Watkins.
B. Some predictions for the next century.
C. Great changes that took place in the 20th century.
D. Comments on Watkins’ predictions from all walks of life.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国工程师John Elfreth Watkins于1900年对人类100年后将会出现的事物做出了预测,他的许多预测如今已经实现。
1. C　【解析】 写作意图题。根据第一段内容可知,美国工程师Watkins于1900年做出了许多预言,紧接着下文具体介绍了他的四种预测,由此可知,作者的写作目的是介绍了Watkins预测中得到应验的部分。
2. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据Mobile Phones部分中的“We will be able to telephone to China as readily as we now talk from New York to Brooklyn.”可知,当时人们已经可以从纽约打电话到布鲁克林区了。
3. D　【解析】 推理判断题。根据Hothouse Vegetables部分中的“Large gardens under glass were already a reality…”可知,100年前,用玻璃搭建温室已经得到应用。
4. A　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“So what did Watkins get right and wrong 100 years later ”及下文四种预测可知,文章主要介绍了正确的预测,因此接下来会介绍Watkins的错误预测。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五
H. G. Wells, born in 1866, was trained as a scientist, a pioneer among his literary contemporaries, and was perhaps the most important figure in the genre (类型) that would become science fiction. Writers in this tradition have a history not just of imagining the future as it might be, but of inspiring others to make it a reality. 　1　.
Audio book, Airplane, and Television
Wells imagined forms of future entertainment. In When the Sleeper Wakes (1899), residents use fantastic forms of technology like audio books, airplanes and television sets.
　2　
Visitors to The Island of Dr Moreau (1896) meet odd creatures created by the mad man doctor in human-animal hybrid experiments that may predict the age of genetic engineering. 　3　, though today human immune systems (免疫系统) still ultimately reject such efforts.
Lasers (激光)
Martians in The War of the Worlds (1898) give off what Wells called a Heat Ray. 　4　. It would be more than six decades before Theodore Harold Maiman fired up the first operational laser in 1960, but military thinkers had been hoping to weaponise (使……武器化) the conceptual laser before it was proven practical.
Atomic Bombs (原子弹)
　5　. The atomic bombs he introduces in The World Set Free (1914) fuel a war so disastrous that its survivors are moved to create a unified world government to avoid future conflicts.
A. Genetic Engineering
B. Directed-energy Weapons
C. It can burn enemies with a noiseless flash of light
D. It is often a warning about the consequences of technology
E.Here are some of the incredible Wells predictions that have come true
F. Wells recognised the damaging power that might be created by this weapon
G. Scientists are working towards the possibility that animal organs could save human patients
1. 　E　　2. 　A　　3. 　G　　4. 　C　
5. 　F　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些已经实现的令人难以置信的Wells预言。
1. E　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到H.G.Wells是科幻小说流派中最重要的人物,不仅想象未来的样子,还激励他人将想象变为现实,空格后提到四个方面的预言,选项E“以下是一些已经实现的令人难以置信的Wells预言”承上启下,符合语境。
2. A　【解析】 考查段落大意。根据下文可知,本段主要讲述了与基因工程相关的科幻作品,选项A“基因工程”能概括本段段落大意。
3. G　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到基因工程,空格后提到今天人类的免疫系统最终还是会拒绝这种努力,其间存在转折关系,空格处会提到科学家们在研究动物基因工程拯救病人的可能性,选项G“科学家们正在研究动物器官拯救人类病人的可能性”符合语境。
4. C　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“Martians in The War of the Worlds (1898) give off what Wells called a Heat Ray.”可知,Wells介绍了他的科幻想象中的热射线,空格处会介绍热射线的作用,选项C“它能以无声的闪光灼伤敌人”承接上文,符合语境,选项中指代上文中的Heat Ray。
5. F　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据下文中的“The atomic bombs…fuel a war so disastrous that…to avoid future conflicts.”可知,Wells在书中提到过原子弹给人类带来灾难,选项F“Wells意识到这种武器可能会产生破坏力”引起下文,符合语境。
Ⅶ.语法填空
Take a moment 　1　 (imagine) yourself in ten years. You might have a few more grey hairs and wrinkles, and hope to change your material circumstances, too. But does the person you imagine feel very close to the person you are today
Some people have a vivid sense of future self, which feels 　2　 (extreme) close to their current identity. These people tend to be more responsible for their money 　3　 they are keen to act in a way 　4　 will make life easier in the years ahead than present. Many other people see their future self as a separate person that has little 　5　 (relevant) to their present identity and, 　6　 consequence, they are far less worried about the long-term consequences of their actions.
You could almost think about your future self as a relationship that should 　7　 (pay) great efforts to develop. Thinking more about whom we will be in the future has a profound effect on our health, happiness and 　8　 (finance) security. You might consider a simple imaginative exercise—writing 　9　 letter from the future. This encourages people to feel a greater sense of link with their future self, thus 　10　 (prepare) for positive behavioral change.
1. 　to imagine 2. 　extremely　
3. 　and 4. 　that/which　
5. 　relevance 6. 　in　
7. 　be paid 8. 　financial　
9. 　a 10. 　preparing　
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P30]
Ⅰ. 完形填空
We love letters. Just as John Donne, a poet, 　1　 it, “Letters, to me and my friends mean more than greetings; they get souls together. Thanks to letters, friends who are 　2　 speak.” He wrote these words nearly 400 years ago. Today, in the age of instant text messages, social media, and email, they 　3　 ring truer than ever, because writing or receiving a letter has become such a 　4　 event.
A UK-wide survey suggests that one in four of us has not 　5　 a letter for at least 10 years. That’s ten years without the bitter-sweet 　6　 of pacing the floor waiting for the postman; ten years without recognising the handwriting on the envelope and eagerly 　7　 the letter to read its contents.
We may not get them anymore, but we still love handwritten letters. In the same survey, one third of 　8　 people interviewed say that they always remember the content of sentimental (充满情感的) letters till now. Shouldn’t we make 　9　 to give our friends and families what they will treasure forever Ann Bickley went online in 2013 and offered to handwrite a letter to anyone who 　10　 her. Her website received 50,000 　11　 in its first three months. Five years later, she is still the main 　12　 behind the website and has personally written 4,000 letters offering hope and 　13　 to strangers.
The thought behind a letter matters as much as its contents. “I never tell anyone that 　14　 is going to be OK,” Ann Bickley says, “I am letting someone know that there is someone in the world who 　15　 them.”
Who wouldn’t love to receive a letter like that Let’s get writing!
(　B　)1. A. made B. put
C. helped D. managed
(　A　)2. A. absent B. active
C. amused D. admirable
(　D　)3. A. also B. yet
C. already D. still
(　C　)4. A. popular B. common
C. rare D. simple
(　A　)5. A. received B. sent
C. written D. rejected
(　B　)6. A. success B. pleasure
C. concern D. calmness
(　B　)7. A. seizing B. tearing
C. hiding D. carrying
(　D　)8. A. American B. Chinese
C. Australian D. British
(　D　)9. A. money B. room
C. history D. time
(　A　)10. A. contacted B. interviewed
C. consulted D. admired
(　B　)11. A. guests B. visitors
C. friends D. partners
(　A　)12. A. force B. strength
C. source D. energy
(　B　)13. A. effort B. comfort
C. surprise D. experience
(　D　)14. A. nothing B. anything
C. something D. everything
(　B　)15. A. looks after B. cares about
C. struggles for D. agrees with
语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了随着科技的发展,人们越来越不爱写传统的信件,但是很多时候可以发现,信件传递着感情,于是作者呼吁要“重拾尺牍情”。
1. B　【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的引文“‘Letters, to me and my friends mean…speak.’”可知,此处指说或表达。
2. A　【解析】 考查形容词。根据常识可知,正是因为朋友们不在场导致无法面对面交流,才选择写信。
3. D　【解析】 考查副词。根据空格后的“ring truer than ever”结合下文语境可知,此处指在其他通信方式盛行的时代,这些话听起来比任何时候都有道理。
4. C　【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“Today, in the age of instant text messages, social media, and email…”结合现实情况可知,写信或收到书信已经变得非常稀罕。
5. A　【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“recognising the handwriting…to read its contents”可知,此处指收到来信,而不是写信。
6. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据空格后的“pacing the floor waiting for the postman”可知,此处描述的是盼望收到来信的情景,而收到来信是令人喜悦的。
7. B　【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“the letter to read its contents”结合常识可知,读信之前要撕开信封,此处指撕开这个动作。
8. D　【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“A UK-wide survey…”可知,该调查是在英国进行的,此处指英国的。
9. D　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文语境可知,人们对于充满情感的书信,仍然记忆犹新。书信具有一定的意义,此处指可以腾出一些时间来为家人和朋友们写一些他们会永远珍藏的书信,make time to do sth意为“腾出时间去做某事”。
10. A　【解析】 考查动词。根据常识可知,写信就是为了与其他人保持联系,此处指想和她联系的人。
11. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据空格前的“Her website”可知,此处指网站的访客。
12. A　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“offered to handwrite a letter”及下文的“has personally written 4,000 letters”可知,她写了非常多的信,由此推知,她是这个网站的主力。
13. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据空格前的“offering hope”可知,空格处与hope是并列关系,此处指给陌生人安慰。
14. D　【解析】 考查代词。根据下文中的“I am letting someone know that”可知,此处指我从来不对任何人说一切都会好起来的(较为敷衍的话)。
15. B　【解析】 考查动词短语。根据上文中的“offering hope and 　13　 to strangers”结合语境可知,此处指她想让人知道在这个世界上还有人关心着他们。
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
A
With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives, it is only a matter of time before someone invents “smart” shoes—ones that can be made based on personal needs. Called “ShiftWear”, the sneakers are the brainchild of a team of businessmen, and engineers led by New York-based designer David Coelho.
The adaptable shoes can be customised by using a smartphone app. Shoe owners will have the option of selecting a design from a variety of HD patterns by famous artists or creating one themselves. The company’s founders imagine a marketplace where artists can not only share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being electronic, the designs are clearly visible even in the brightest sunlight. What’s even cooler is that by switching on a backlight, users can even show off their designs in the dark!
According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge “forever” if only images are displayed. Though they will need periodic recharging, active users have nothing to worry about. That’s because the shoes are equipped with special walk-and-charge technology that powers the shoes—with every step. Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using wires.
The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibres, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear. Even better They are completely waterproof (not let water through) and can even be thrown into an ordinary laundry machine for a quick wash! The company predicts that the shoes will range the price from $150 to $1,000 depending on the size of the E-panels where the designs are displayed.
This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined. Another technology company has come up with a similar concept that connects e-reader panels to a smartphone app via the Bluetooth. Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.
(　C　)1. What can we know about the smart shoes from the text
A. The electronic designs can not be seen clearly at night.　
B. The designers make sure every pair of sneakers is unique.
C. The bottom of the shoes can last longer due to special materials.
D. The shoes have to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.
(　A　)2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. How the sneakers are charged.
B. How the sneakers can work well.
C. What images the sneakers show.
D. What technology the sneakers carry.
(　B　)3. The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on 　　　　.
A. the length of the shoes
B. the size of their E-panels
C. the designers of the shoes
D. the materials of their bottoms
(　B　)4. How does the author feel about the sneakers’ future market
A. Negative. B. Uncertain.
C. Anxious. D. Confident.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能鞋的一些相关情况,包括它利用的充电技术以及其市场前景。
1. C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibres, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear.”可知,这种智能鞋的底部由特殊的橡胶制成,因此可以有效地减少磨损。由此可知,它应该会很耐穿。
2. A　【解析】 段落大意题。通读第三段内容可知,本段主要讲述了有关智能鞋动力的问题,只要穿着智能鞋行走就可以充电。
3. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The company predicts that the shoes will range the price from $150 to $1,000 depending on the size of the E-panels…”可知,价格不同的原因在于展示设计的电子展示板的尺寸不一样。
4. B　【解析】 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.”可知,作者对于智能鞋市场的态度是不确定的。
B
Hibernation (冬眠) is a classic topic of science fiction. In movies such as 2001: A Space Odyssey, Alien, or Passengers, crew members are put into a state of sleep to take year-long journeys to space. Now a new study from Washington University has shown that human hibernation may soon become a reality.
The research team carried out tests on rats—animals that do not naturally hibernate. They first identified a group of neurons (神经元) in a deep brain region, which were found to be involved in controlling body temperature during hibernation. They showed that, in mice, these neurons could be stimulated using ultrasound (超声波), which was delivered through a helmet without causing an injury.
When receiving the ultrasound, the mice showed a drop in body temperature of about 3℃, and their heart rates fell by about 47%. When the ultrasound system was switched off, they woke up again. The result was “surprising and fascinating”, said Hong Chen, a professor who led the work.
Researchers are also trying to determine how to harness the power of hibernation to help humans. They believe that it could be key to addressing health conditions like heart disease, and Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, hibernation’s ability to slow aging, which was observed in bats, could benefit space exploration, enabling longer missions with less food requirements. Research in animals also suggests that bodies of hibernating astronauts might lose less bone and muscle, making them fit and ready to start challenging exploration soon after they wake up.
By unlocking the secrets of this remarkable process, researchers may uncover ways to improve human health, as well as gain new insights into the natural world. Therefore, the exploration of hibernation is an exciting area that is sure to yield numerous benefits in the years to come.
The scientists now plan to look at how lowered body temperature might affect the cognitive abilities of humans. “Our next experiments will test working memory in monkeys. This is important because while astronauts physically hibernate as they fly into deep space, their brain still needs to be working,” said Chen.
(　B　)5. How did researchers put rats into hibernation
A. By lowering their body temperature.
B. By activating specific brain neurons.
C. By putting a regular helmet on them.
D. By using ultrasound through an operation.
(　A　)6. What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Employ.
B. Challenge.
C. Overlook.
D. Discover.
(　C　)7. What advantage might hibernation bring to humans
A. It improves people’s mental health.
B. It predicts a variety of heart diseases.
C. It helps astronauts keep physically fit.
D. It enables astronauts to build up muscle.
(　B　)8. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A. To point out the significance of the study.
B. To bring out the focus of follow-up studies.
C. To discuss other factors affecting hibernation.
D. To explain practical applications of the finding.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项来自华盛顿大学的研究,该研究显示人类冬眠可能很快成为现实。
5. B　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They first identified a group of neurons (神经元) in a deep brain region, which were found to be involved in controlling body temperature during hibernation.”以及第三段中的“When receiving the ultrasound, the mice showed a drop in body temperature of about 3°C, and their heart rates fell by about 47%.”可知,研究者首先确定老鼠大脑中控制体温的相关神经元,通过超声波刺激这些神经元,导致老鼠体温下降,由此进入冬眠。
6. A　【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“the power of hibernation to help humans”及“They believe that it could be key to addressing health conditions like heart disease, and Alzheimer’s.”可知,研究者正在研究使用冬眠来帮助人类解决心脏病和阿尔茨海默症等健康问题,故人类正在努力尝试利用冬眠。画线词与Employ意思相近。
7. C　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Research in animals also suggests that…making them fit and ready to start challenging exploration soon after they wake up.”可知,冬眠的宇航员的身体可能会损失更少的骨骼肌肉,使他们在苏醒后能够保持健康,并且可以立即开始具有挑战性的探索任务,即冬眠帮助宇航员保持身体健康。
8. B　【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Our next experiments will test working memory in monkeys. This is important because…their brain still needs to be working,’ said Chen.”可知,最后一段强调的是下一阶段将在猴子身上展开研究,由此推知,最后一段的目的是引出后续研究的重点。
Ⅲ. 书面表达
想象类说明文
文体感知
导读:想象类作文属于说明文的写作范畴,需要有创造性的思维和丰富的想象力,但想象也要合理。介绍时要符合说明文的语言特点,即条理清晰、层次分明、语言简练、用词准确。
结构:第一部分:引入话题,总体介绍;
第二部分:具体描述(对未来的想象);
第三部分:总结全文,展望未来。
【素材】
一百年后,我们居住的房子会是什么样子呢 请你以 “The House in the Future” 为题写一篇英文短文。你可以从房子的建筑材料、功能、墙壁特点等方面展开想象。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 想象类说明文
话题 畅想未来生活
时态 一般将来时
人称 第三人称
【词汇】
1. 不同于……　　　　 　　 be different from　
2. 由……制成　 　　　be made of　　　
3. 给某人带来便利 　bring sb convenience　
4. 自动改变　　 　change automatically　
【句式】
亮点句式
☆ Controlled by…, it will bring…
☆ Whenever an earthquake occurs, it will…
☆ The colour will vary with…
☆ It will turn into…, on which…
1. 完成句子
(1)将来的房子不是用砖建的,而是用玻璃建的。　
The future house 　will be made of glass instead of bricks　.
(2)其中一面墙能随时变成大屏幕,主人可以在上面欣赏精彩的电影。
One of them will be able to 　turn into a big screen anytime　 and the owner can 　enjoy fantastic films　 on it.
2. 句式升级
(1)将第1小题中的句(1)改为强调句。
　It is glass instead of bricks that the future house will be made of.　
(2)将第1小题中的句(2)改为定语从句。
　One of them will be able to turn into a big screen anytime, on which the owner can enjoy fantastic films.　
【妙笔成篇】
范文:
The House in the Future
With the development of science and technology, the house in the future will be greatly different from what it is today.
It is glass instead of bricks that the future house will be made of. Controlled by computers, the house will bring human beings not only convenience but also comfort. For example, it will be able to protect itself. Whenever an earthquake occurs, it will fly into the air and move to a safer place. What’s more, the temperature in the house will change automatically according to the weather. The walls will be adjustable to satisfy the owner’s different needs. Their colour will vary with the owner’s mood. Besides, one of them will be able to turn into a big screen anytime, on which the owner can enjoy fantastic films.
In short, living in a future house will be amazing.
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P34]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.(-d/-de结尾)+-sion→n.
persuade→　persuasion　 n.说服
conclude→　conclusion　 n.结论;推论
decide→　decision　 n.决定
explode→　explosion　 n.爆炸
expand→　expansion　 n.扩张;扩展
divide→　division　 n.分开;分配
2. adj.(-t结尾)+-ce→n.
distant→　distance　 n.距离
absent→　absence　 n.缺席;不在
consequent→　consequence　 n.结果
different→　difference　 n.不同
important→　importance　 n.重要(性)
confident→　confidence　 n.自信
3. adj.(-t/-te结尾)+-cy→n.
efficient→　efficiency　 n.效率;效能
accurate→　accuracy　 n.精确(性);准确(性)
frequent→　frequency　 n.频率;频繁
private→　privacy　 n.隐私
urgent→　urgency　 n.紧迫; 急事
4. v.+-ation→n.
combine→　combination　 n.结合
determine→　determination　 n.决心;决定
examine→　examination　 n.考试;检查
imagine→　imagination　 n.想象
occupy→　occupation　 n.职业;占领
5. adj.+-ity→n.
secure→　security　 n.安全
popular→　popularity　 n.流行;受欢迎
similar→　similarity　 n.相似(性)
personal→　personality　 n.个性
national→　nationality　 n.国籍
equal→　equality　 n.平等;相等
6. v.+-ence→n.
prefer→　preference　 n.偏爱
occur→　occurrence　 n.发生
differ→　difference　 n.不同
exist→　existence　 n.存在
refer→　reference　 n.参考
7. v.+-ance→n.
resist→　resistance　 n.抵制;反对
appear→　appearance　 n.出现;外貌
accept→　acceptance　 n.接受
perform→　performance　 n.表演;履行
guide→　guidance　 n.指导
assist→　assistance　 n.协助
8. 动词+on/off→及物动词短语
switch on/off 　打开/关上　
【动词+on/off短语拓展】
turn on/off 　打开/关上　
take on/off 　承担;呈现;雇用/脱下;起飞　
put on/off 　穿上/延期　
call on/off 　号召;拜访/取消　
get on/off 　上车/下车　
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. In my opinion, 　essays　 (散文) are more readable than poems.
2. When writing a composition, you’re required to leave two blank spaces at the beginning of each 　paragraph　 (段落).
3. —Would you please tell us the 　prospect　 (可能性) of fighting against the terrible disease
—We are sure to win the battle.
4. They don’t think it right to put 　emphasis　 (emphasise) on developing nuclear power.
5. The news may be unexpected; 　nevertheless　 (然而如此;不过), it is true.
6. In China, some people are getting away from city living in favour of 　rural　 (乡村的) areas to do what they love.
7. Now scientists can f　orecast　 the weather 　accurately　 (accurate).
8. They are strong 　advocates　 (advocate) of free market policies.
9. The soldiers opened fire without 　warning　 (warn).
10. I wish to turn on the light. Where is the 　switch　 (开关)
11. If he can combine his ability 　with　hard work, he should be very successful.
12. When she got to the mysterious cave, she could not resist 　going　 (go) in.
13. How can I persuade you 　of　 my sincerity
14. The 　criminal’s　 (crime) cruelty made the man lose sight and many passers-by angry.
15. We should 　constantly　 (constant) urge ourselves on to study hard.
16. It’s not typical of Bob to be so 　critical　 (挑剔的) because he’s always kind to others.
17. I’ve 　persuaded　 (说服) the famous man into founding a non-profit organisation for the elderly.
18. Choosing furniture is largely a matter of personal 　preference　 (prefer).
19. The chances of a visit by Martians to Earth are 　remote　 (微乎其微的).
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. Smith先生特别喜欢看新闻。按照他的日常生活习惯,每天早晨一起床,他做的第一件事就是用遥控器打开电视,了解世界各地发生了什么事。
Mr Smith 　has a preference for　 watching news. According to his 　daily routine　, 　the instant　 he gets up every morning, what he does first is to 　switch/turn on　 the TV with the 　remote control　 to 　keep track of　 what’s going on around the world.
2. 实际上,几乎每个人都有可能从人工智能中受益。以手机导航为例,无论你想去哪儿,你只需要给它发语音指令,它就立刻对你的声音做出回应并遵从你的命令,自动高效地为你预测准确的路线。你还可以根据你的喜好选择模式。因此,尽管有些人反对发展新科技,提倡一种简朴、摒弃新科技的生活,但大部分人都接受而不是抵制新科技。显而易见,它一直在改变着我们的生活方式,使我们有可能过得更舒适。
In fact, almost everyone is 　potentially benefiting from artificial intelligence　. Take mobile navigation for example. Wherever you want to go, you only need to give it 　voice commands　 and it will 　respond to　 your voice at once and 　obey your orders　, 　predicting accurate　 route for you 　automatically　 and 　efficiently　. You can also choose 　mode　 depending on your 　preference　. 　Hence/Therefore　, although some people 　oppose developing　 new technology and 　advocate　 a simple life, a life 　in the absence of　 new technology, most people accept it rather than 　resist　 it. Apparently, it has been changing 　the way we live　, which 　makes it possible for us to live more comfortably　.
3. 李明对创新和发明非常感兴趣。周末他一有空就会去参观科技馆,在那里他见到了很多自动装置和家用机器人。有的能保障我们的安全,为我们节能、做家务,有的甚至还能监测到潜在的危险并为我们提供相关信息来防止严重伤害的发生。他已经下定决心将来要从事人工智能设计师的职业。
Li Ming takes great interest in 　innovation　 and invention. Whenever he is 　available　 on weekends, he will visit the Science and Technology Museum, where he has seen many 　automatic devices　 and household robots. Some can keep us 　secure　, save us energy, and do housework for us and some can even 　detect　 the 　potential dangers　 and 　provide us with relevant　 information to 　prevent　 serious damage 　from　happening. He has determined that he will take up a(n) 　occupation/career　 as an AI designer in the future.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. He 　will be lying　 (lie) on one of the sunny beaches in Hawaii all day when he spends his holiday there.
2. Don’t call me between 2∶00 and 4∶00 this afternoon. I 　will/shall be having　 (have) a test then.
3. Nobody knew what 　would happen　 (happen) to the Earth in a century’s time.
4. Mr Lee said he would give the CD to me as soon as he　returned　 (return) from Canada.
5. When we were young, father 　would take　 (take) us for a special treat on Mother’s Day.
6. Oh! I forgot to invite Mary to my birthday party. I 　will call　 (call) her now.
7. You have to put in more effort if you are 　to pass　 (pass) the test.
8. I was about 　to tell　 (tell) you about my plan, but you stopped me before I could speak.
9. 　Will　 you　be using　 (use) your computer this time tomorrow
10. Look at the dark clouds! It 　is going to rain　 (rain).
11. I 　will be watching　 (watch) my favourite programme between 8 and 11 tomorrow evening, and then I will go out to drink in my usual bar.
12. They 　will travel　 (travel) around Europe next summer.
13. We 　will be seeing　 (see) our doctor from home in the not-so-distant future.
14. By next summer John 　will have worked　 (work) in this factory for thirteen years.
15. He 　will have learned/learnt　 (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
16. He promised me that if we won the game, he 　would buy　 (buy) us a round of drinks.
17. He said time and time again that he 　was leaving　 (leave), but he actually stayed well after midnight.
18. Tom 　will write　 (write) to Jerry and tell him about his new school at once.
Ⅴ. 语言运用
随着科技的发展,在线学习小组越来越受人们的欢迎。对此,人们有不同的看法。请你根据以下提示,给某英文报刊写一篇短文,并谈谈你的看法。
赞成的理由 1. 获得新知识; 2. 利用闲暇时间学习。
反对的理由 1. 在线学习小组管理不善; 2. 浪费时间。
你的看法 ……
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:在线学习小组Online Study Groups
范文:
It could be argued that Online Study Groups are increasingly popular among people. Nevertheless, opinions on this trend vary. Some advocate for these groups, emphasizing the opportunity to gain new knowledge and the convenience of learning in their spare time. They prefer this method as it allows for continuous learning without the need to travel to a physical location.
On the other hand, there are those who oppose/are opposed to the idea, concerned about the absence of effective management in these groups and the potential waste of time. They argue that the lack of structure can lead to a disorganised learning environment.
In my view, the benefits of Online Study Groups outweigh the drawbacks. While it’s true that some groups may be poorly managed, with proper guidance and a clear curriculum, they can be a valuable resource. In the not-too-distant future, we will be seeing a more refined approach to online learning communities, where the best practices are combined to enhance the learning experience.Unit 2　Looking into the Future
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P19]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. We can’t take your advice. (不过), thank you for putting it forward.
2. Can you analyse the (结构) of the sentence for me It’s a little complicated.
3. Many people expressed a strong (prefer) for the original plan.
4. The buildings are well (integrate) with the landscape.
5. Both drivers are in a (严重的) condition after the serious crash.
6. Do you have any double rooms (可用的) this weekend
7. Just a word of (warn)—restaurants in this area can be very expensive.
8. The vegetarian burger was an (innovate) which was rapidly exported to Britain.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
switch off　　　　　　　 keep track of…
respond to prevent…from…
in a sense provide…with…
1. They have already me everything I need.
2. The screen is sensitive and can slight touch.
3. Nothing would him speaking out against injustice.
4. You are right , but you don’t know the whole truth.
5. As a doctor, Brooks has to the latest developments in medicine.
6. Should there be urgent situations, press this red button to the electricity.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★ persuade vt.& vi.劝说;说服;使信服
If she doesn’t want to go, nothing you can say will persuade her.
如果她不想去,你说什么也劝不动她。
【归纳拓展】
persuade sb of sth 使某人相信……
persuade sb that… 使某人相信……
persuade sb (not) to do sth
说服某人(不)去做某事
persuade sb into/out of doing sth
说服某人做/不做某事
【即学即练】
(1)他这人很容易被说服,这让他经常成为别人欺骗的对象。
He easily, which makes him an easy target for cheaters.
(2)如果人们被劝服戒烟和做更多的运动,那么患肺癌的人数会大幅下降。
The number of lung cancer will go down greatly if and do more regular exercise.
(3)他们当中很少有人相信乡村商店的好处。
Few of them the benefits of the village shop.
2. ★ remote adj.远程的;偏远的;偏僻的;微乎其微的
It was my first visit to a remote village.
这是我第一次去一个偏僻的村庄。
【归纳拓展】
remote control 遥控器;远程控制
in the remote past/future 在遥远的过去/将来
be remote from… 偏离……
a remote chance 一线希望
【即学即练】
(1)炸弹由远程控制引爆。
The bomb was exploded .
(2)这家农舍附近没有其他的房屋。
The farmhouse any other buildings.
(3)他们仍然有一线希望能把她活着找到。
There is still that they will find her alive. 　
3. ★ preference n.爱好;偏爱;偏好;优待
Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening.
你的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好,所以当你每天晚上回家时,一切都会为你准备好。
【归纳拓展】
have a preference for 更喜欢
in preference to 优先于;而不是
give (a) preference to 给……以优惠;优待
【即学即练】
(1)由于拥堵的交通,很多人都更愿意选择火车而不是开车。
Owing to heavy traffic jams, many people would like to choose the train driving.
(2)这所大学的毕业生会被优先考虑。
graduates of this university.
(3)比起辛辣食物我更喜欢甜食。
I sweet food over spicy.
4. ★switch vt.转换;交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer
或者,你曾经忘记关掉电视或电脑吗
【归纳拓展】
switch on 打开;接通
switch off 关闭;切断
switch (from…) to… (从……) 转变为……
switch sth with sb 和某人交换某物
make a switch 做出改变
【即学即练】
(1)因大雨的原因,运动会的日期已经改变。
As a consequence of the heavy rain, the date of the sports meeting .
(2)请注意!务必确保演出时所有手机关机。
Attention,please! Do make sure all mobile phones during the performance.
(3)为了缓和气氛,我们转换了话题。
To break the ice,we the conversation one subject another.
(4)我们和交换生交换礼物以示我们的礼貌和友谊。
We exchange students to show our politeness and friendship.
(5)这位小说家是如此固执,以至于他拒绝在对待这件事情的态度上做出改变。
So stubborn was the novelist that he refused to in his attitude to the event.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句:However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
点睛:will be doing是将来进行时态,一般有以下几个用法:表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作;表示按计划或安排要发生的动作;表示将要发生并持续的动作,课文中主要是这种用法;也可用来表达委婉的语气。
【即学即练】
(1)明天这个时候我将正在飞往纽约的途中。
This time tomorrow I New York.
(2)他们明天下午三点将正在开会。
They a meeting at 3 p.m. tomorrow.
(3)你稍后会用电脑吗 如果你不用的话,我需要借用一下。
the computer later I need to borrow it if you’re not.
2. 原句:Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
点睛:the instant (that) 意为“一……就……”。此处可以看出表时间的名词可以充当连词,引导时间状语从句。类似的词除了名词短语之外,还有:the moment、 the minute、 the second、 the first time、 the last time、 next time等短语。 除了名词短语之外,once、immediately、 directly等副词也可以充当连词引导时间状语从句。
【即学即练】
(1)我一到站台,火车就开动了。
I reached the platform, the train began to move.
(2)他回到家的那天,他父亲就去世了。
, his father passed away.　
(3)你下次来的时候,请把作文带来。
, please bring your composition.
(4)她一听到这个坏消息就哭了起来。
She began to cry she heard the bad news.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
“Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanised way,” said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later, is designed to be a personalised assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
( )1. How are social robots different from household robots 　
A. They can control their emotions.
B. They are more like humans.
C. They do the normal housework.
D. They respond to users more slowly.
( )2. What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3
A. Communicate with you and perform operations.
B. Answer your questions and make requests.
C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
( )3. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will .
A. train employees
B. be our workmates
C. improve technologies
D. take the place of workers
( )4. What does the passage mainly present
A. A new design idea of household robots.
B. Marketing strategies for social robots.
C. Information on household robots.
D. An introduction to social robots.
Ⅵ.语法填空
In the future, our home will be more intelligent, which can ensure our security, save energy and provide 　1　 more comfortable environment to live in for us. It offers several advantages 　2　 conventional homes.
First, the smart home can control all electrical 　3　 (appliance) automatically, which makes your home more energy-efficient. The smart system will also learn your daily routine and 　4　 (prefer). When you get home every evening, it will prepare everything for you.
　5　 you need to do is to control it with your voice. In addition, your smart home will be used to monitor your health for you every day. So if something 　6　 (normal) happens to you or you have a critical illness, it can warn you early and 　7　 (potential) save your life. What’s more, smart homes will be able to prevent accidents 　8　 (happen). They can detect something wrong 　9　 provide the relevant information. This technology is not a fantasy, but it will take some years 　10　 it comes true.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P23]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The beach is within walking (distant) of my house.
2. Of the (短语) “go crazy” and “go nuts”, the latter is used less frequently.
3. The (electricity) fan she repaired in town yesterday works well again.
4. I don’t think his remarks are (相关的) to our discussion.　
5. The psychologist is studying the causes of (normal) behaviour of violent criminals.
6. I’ll call you the (瞬间) I get home.
7. What is so impressive about their society is the (efficient) of the public services.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——将来进行时
单句语法填空
1. The plane (go) at the present speed until it crosses the mountain at about ten tonight.
2. Mr Smith will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because he (teach) a class then.
3. I won’t be able to watch the concert on TV tonight because I (do) homework at that time.
4. I (have) a talk with him at five o’clock this afternoon.
5. We (have) a debate on some environmental issues all afternoon tomorrow.
6. After you take the medicine, you (feel) much better.
7. We believe that peasants’ life (get) better and better.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Microsoft Corp founder Bill Gates caught people’s eye in a recent interview, when he suggested that robots should be taxed in order to help humans keep their jobs. Gates is only one of many people in the tech world who have worried about automation and its 　1　 to workers.
It’s easy to see why the tech world is 　2　. The rise of machine learning has increased the fear that 　3　 humans could simply become out of date—　4　, 3.5 million American truck drivers might soon find their jobs threatened by driverless trucks. Though in the past, technology usually complemented workers 　5　 replacing them, there’s no law of nature saying the technology of the future will work the same. A few economists even claim that cheap automation has already 　6　 income from workers to company owners.
Another 　7　 is that even if the mass of humanity ultimately does find new ways to add value by complementing new technology—to “race with the machines”, as economist Erik Brynjofsson puts it—this transition could take a long time and hurt a lot of people. As Bloomberg View’s Tyler Cowen has noted, wages in Britain fell for four decades at the start of the Industrial Revolution. More 　8　, we’ve seen very slow and painful adjustment to the impact of globalization. If the machine learning revolution hurts workers for 40 years before ultimately helping them, it might be worth it to 　9　 that revolution and give them time to adjust.
The main argument against taxing the robots is that it might hold back 　10　. Growth in rich countries has slowed markedly in the past decade, suggesting that it’s getting harder and harder to find new ways of doing things. Stagnating (停滞) productivity, combined with falling business investment, suggests that 　11　 of new technology is currently too slow rather than too fast—the biggest problem right now isn’t too many robots, it’s too few. Taxing new technology, however it’s done, could make that slowdown worse.
The problem with Gates’ basic proposal is that it’s very hard to tell the difference between new technology that 　12　 humans and new technology that replaces them. This is especially true over the long term. Power looms (织布机) replaced human weavers back in the Industrial Revolution. 　13　, people eventually became more productive, by learning to operate those looms. If taxes had slowed the development of power looms, the eventual improvements would have come later.
This is a powerful argument 　14　 the taxation of automation. Gates is right to say that we should start thinking ahead of time about how to use policy to mitigate (缓和) the unintended consequences of automation. But given the importance of sustaining innovation, we should look at 　15　 policies.
( )1. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A. resistance B. threat
C. admission D. dedication
( )2. A. frightened B. worried
C. intolerant D. offensive
( )3. A. few B. several
C. many D. any
( )4. A. in other words B. for example
C. of course D. by contrast
( )5. A. in case of B. because of
C. in face of D. instead of
( )6. A. distracted B. digested
C. directed D. disclosed
( )7. A. fear B. proposal
C. adjustment D. complement
( )8. A. possibly B. recently
C. primarily D. technically
( )9. A. slow down B. make up
C. get over D. give up
( )10. A. modernisation B. availability
C. popularity D. innovation
( )11. A. persuasion B. adoption
C. interruption D. organisation
( )12. A. complements B. engages
C. invades D. matures
( )13. A. However B. Therefore
C. Consequently D. Furthermore
( )14. A. from B. against
C. by D. besides
( )15. A. uppermost B. stimulating
C. persistent D. alternative
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.
The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated (复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms (算法) may soon have the ability to peer into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.
“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality,” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team tracks 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, and then determines their personality features with “well-established questionnaires” for determining personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.
The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality features, such as “neuroticism, extraversion (外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as perceptual (感知的) curiosity”, the scientists wrote.
“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other high-tech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines,” Loetscher said.
“People are always looking for improved, personalised services. Today’s robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to nonverbal information,” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by Indian Express. “This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.”
The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in a British newspaper.
( )1. What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Understand.
B. Stare at.
C. Search for.
D. Concern about.
( )2. How did the researchers conduct the research
A. It was carried out in a lab.
B. 42 subjects’ eye movements were recorded.
C. The students’ daily movements were tracked.
D. Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer.
( )3. According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know
A. Robots and computers are socially conscious.
B. People care less about improved, personalised services.
C. Today’s robots and computers can accustom to nonverbal information.
D. The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P26]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. She started her (事业) as an English teacher.
2. We spent a (luxury) weekend at a country hotel.
3. He also laid special (emphasize) on cooperation between the two countries.
4. Many experts advocate (reward) your child for good behaviour.
5. Many famous people are attending the festival— (因此) the extra security.
6. Most of the people are in favour of the plan, while those who (反对) it are in the minority.
7. He was going to (终止) working for them.
8. She did not mention her mother’s (absent).
9. The weather forecasts made accurate (预测) about the hurricane.
10. The invention of (人造的) hearts marked a turning point in the battle against heart disease.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
in the absence of　　　 care about
benefit from keep in touch
place emphasis on be opposed to
1. These activities can not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to others.
2. It’s high time that we the improvement of food safety.
3. I can with friends and family by using email.
4. We strongly racial discrimination.
5. Thousands of patients have the new treatment, and their condition has got much better.
6. How can they finish the work any other helpers
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★ oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠;opposed adj.相反的;对立的 opposite adj.相反的;相对的 prep.在……对面 opposition n.反对
In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars.
在这篇文章中,很多人说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车的想法。
【归纳拓展】
oppose (doing) sth反对(做)……
oppose sb/sb’s doing sth反对某人做某事
be opposed to反对……
【即学即练】
(1)出乎意料的是在昨天的会议上,教授的提议遭到了强烈的反对。
Unexpectedly, the professor’s proposals met with strong at yesterday’s meeting.
(2)我父母反对我选文科,这使我情绪低落。因此,你可以给我一些建议吗
My parents , which makes me in low spirits. Hence, could you be kind enough to offer me some tips
(3)与丈夫激烈争吵后,Jane生气地朝相反的方向走了。
After quarreling with her husband fiercely,Jane walked off in anger.
(4)反对这个提议的学生可以陈述他们的理由。(用非谓语动词作定语)
Those students can present their reasons.
2. ★ advocate vt.提倡;支持;拥护 n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者
The government advocated that we (should) save water in our life.
政府提倡我们在生活中要节约用水。
【归纳拓展】
advocate doing sth 主张/支持做某事
advocate for sth 主张/提倡某事
advocate that sb (should) do sth
提倡某人做某事
【即学即练】
(1)我们主张通过谈判解决国际争端,而不是诉诸武力。
We international dispute by negotiation, instead of appealing to arms.
(2)我们将会继续提倡采用地区合作的方式建设这个项目。
We will continue to a regional, cooperative approach to constructing the project.
(3)他们主张在下次会议上讨论我们反对的提案。
They the proposal we were opposed discussed at the next meeting.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句:It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.
点睛:该句为it作形式主语的固定句型之一,真正的主语是that从句。需注意be动词的时态变化或前面加情态动词等情况。除了动词argue之外,常见动词还有say、 think、debate、consider、believe、report、accept、acknowledge等。
【即学即练】
1. 可以说学习一门新语言能拓宽人的视野。
learning a new language broadens one’s horizons.
2. 可能有人会认为独自旅行有很多好处。
travelling alone has many benefits.
3. 长期以来人们一直认为地球是平的。然而,我们现在知道它是球形的。
the Earth is flat. However, we now know that it is spherical.
4. 人们普遍认为环境保护具有重大意义。
environmental protection is of great significance.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
In 1900, an American engineer called John Elfreth Watkins made a number of predictions about what the world would be like in 2000. So what did Watkins get right and wrong 100 years later
Digital Colour Photography
“Photographs will be telegraphed from any distance. If there is a battle in a place a hundred years hence, snapshots of its most striking events will be published in the newspapers an hour later… Photographs will reproduce all of nature’s colours.”
Watkins did not, of course, use the word “digital” or describe precisely how digital cameras and computers would work, but he accurately predicted how people would come to use new photographic technology. When Watkins was making his predictions, it took a week for a picture of something happening in China to make its way into Western papers.
Mobile Phones
“Wireless telephone and telegraph circuits will span the world. A husband in the middle of the Atlantic will be able to converse with his wife sitting in her boudoir in Chicago. We will be able to telephone to China as readily as we now talk from New York to Brooklyn.”
International phone calls were unheard-of in Watkins’ day. It was another 15 years before the first call was made, by Alexander Bell, even from one coast of the US to the other. The idea of wireless telephone was truly revolutionary.
Pre-Prepared Meals
“Ready-cooked meals will be bought from establishments similar to our bakeries of today.”
The popularity of ready meals in supermarkets and takeaway shops suggests that Watkins was right although he supposed that the meals would be delivered on plates which would be returned to the cooking establishments to be washed.
Hothouse Vegetables
“Winter will be turned into summer and night into day by the farmer with electric wires under the soil and large gardens under glass.”
Large gardens under glass were already a reality, but he was correct to predict the use of electricity. Although coloured lights and electric currents did not take off, they were probably experimented with.
( )1. The writer wrote the above paragraphs mainly to 　　　　.
A. tell us what the world was like 100 years ago
B. explain how Watkins made so many predictions
C. introduce what Watkins predicted right
D. encourage us to make more predictions
( )2. According to the second prediction, we can surely say 100 years ago 　　　　.
A. people had easy access to international telephone calls
B. people could conveniently make a call from New York to Brooklyn
C. international phone calls were only available in large cities like Chicago
D. the first call from the east coast of the US to the west coast had been made
( )3. What can we infer from the passage
A. Ready-cooked meals were popular 100 years ago. 　
B. Watkins predicted plates would be washed before they were returned.
C. Watkins would carry out experiments to test his predictions.
D. Large gardens under glass were put in use 100 years ago.
( )4. What will most probably be discussed in the next part of the passage
A. Some wrong predictions from Watkins.
B. Some predictions for the next century.
C. Great changes that took place in the 20th century.
D. Comments on Watkins’ predictions from all walks of life.
Ⅵ.阅读七选五
H. G. Wells, born in 1866, was trained as a scientist, a pioneer among his literary contemporaries, and was perhaps the most important figure in the genre (类型) that would become science fiction. Writers in this tradition have a history not just of imagining the future as it might be, but of inspiring others to make it a reality. 　1　.
Audio book, Airplane, and Television
Wells imagined forms of future entertainment. In When the Sleeper Wakes (1899), residents use fantastic forms of technology like audio books, airplanes and television sets.
　2　
Visitors to The Island of Dr Moreau (1896) meet odd creatures created by the mad man doctor in human-animal hybrid experiments that may predict the age of genetic engineering. 　3　, though today human immune systems (免疫系统) still ultimately reject such efforts.
Lasers (激光)
Martians in The War of the Worlds (1898) give off what Wells called a Heat Ray. 　4　. It would be more than six decades before Theodore Harold Maiman fired up the first operational laser in 1960, but military thinkers had been hoping to weaponise (使……武器化) the conceptual laser before it was proven practical.
Atomic Bombs (原子弹)
　5　. The atomic bombs he introduces in The World Set Free (1914) fuel a war so disastrous that its survivors are moved to create a unified world government to avoid future conflicts.
A. Genetic Engineering
B. Directed-energy Weapons
C. It can burn enemies with a noiseless flash of light
D. It is often a warning about the consequences of technology
E.Here are some of the incredible Wells predictions that have come true
F. Wells recognised the damaging power that might be created by this weapon
G. Scientists are working towards the possibility that animal organs could save human patients
1. 　2. 　3. 　4.
5.
Ⅶ.语法填空
Take a moment 　1　 (imagine) yourself in ten years. You might have a few more grey hairs and wrinkles, and hope to change your material circumstances, too. But does the person you imagine feel very close to the person you are today
Some people have a vivid sense of future self, which feels 　2　 (extreme) close to their current identity. These people tend to be more responsible for their money 　3　 they are keen to act in a way 　4　 will make life easier in the years ahead than present. Many other people see their future self as a separate person that has little 　5　 (relevant) to their present identity and, 　6　 consequence, they are far less worried about the long-term consequences of their actions.
You could almost think about your future self as a relationship that should 　7　 (pay) great efforts to develop. Thinking more about whom we will be in the future has a profound effect on our health, happiness and 　8　 (finance) security. You might consider a simple imaginative exercise—writing 　9　 letter from the future. This encourages people to feel a greater sense of link with their future self, thus 　10　 (prepare) for positive behavioral change.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P30]
Ⅰ. 完形填空
We love letters. Just as John Donne, a poet, 　1　 it, “Letters, to me and my friends mean more than greetings; they get souls together. Thanks to letters, friends who are 　2　 speak.” He wrote these words nearly 400 years ago. Today, in the age of instant text messages, social media, and email, they 　3　 ring truer than ever, because writing or receiving a letter has become such a 　4　 event.
A UK-wide survey suggests that one in four of us has not 　5　 a letter for at least 10 years. That’s ten years without the bitter-sweet 　6　 of pacing the floor waiting for the postman; ten years without recognising the handwriting on the envelope and eagerly 　7　 the letter to read its contents.
We may not get them anymore, but we still love handwritten letters. In the same survey, one third of 　8　 people interviewed say that they always remember the content of sentimental (充满情感的) letters till now. Shouldn’t we make 　9　 to give our friends and families what they will treasure forever Ann Bickley went online in 2013 and offered to handwrite a letter to anyone who 　10　 her. Her website received 50,000 　11　 in its first three months. Five years later, she is still the main 　12　 behind the website and has personally written 4,000 letters offering hope and 　13　 to strangers.
The thought behind a letter matters as much as its contents. “I never tell anyone that 　14　 is going to be OK,” Ann Bickley says, “I am letting someone know that there is someone in the world who 　15　 them.”
Who wouldn’t love to receive a letter like that Let’s get writing!
( )1. A. made B. put
C. helped D. managed
( )2. A. absent B. active
C. amused D. admirable
( )3. A. also B. yet
C. already D. still
( )4. A. popular B. common
C. rare D. simple
( )5. A. received B. sent
C. written D. rejected
( )6. A. success B. pleasure
C. concern D. calmness
( )7. A. seizing B. tearing
C. hiding D. carrying
( )8. A. American B. Chinese
C. Australian D. British
( )9. A. money B. room
C. history D. time
( )10. A. contacted B. interviewed
C. consulted D. admired
( )11. A. guests B. visitors
C. friends D. partners
( )12. A. force B. strength
C. source D. energy
( )13. A. effort B. comfort
C. surprise D. experience
( )14. A. nothing B. anything
C. something D. everything
( )15. A. looks after B. cares about
C. struggles for D. agrees with
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
A
With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives, it is only a matter of time before someone invents “smart” shoes—ones that can be made based on personal needs. Called “ShiftWear”, the sneakers are the brainchild of a team of businessmen, and engineers led by New York-based designer David Coelho.
The adaptable shoes can be customised by using a smartphone app. Shoe owners will have the option of selecting a design from a variety of HD patterns by famous artists or creating one themselves. The company’s founders imagine a marketplace where artists can not only share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being electronic, the designs are clearly visible even in the brightest sunlight. What’s even cooler is that by switching on a backlight, users can even show off their designs in the dark!
According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge “forever” if only images are displayed. Though they will need periodic recharging, active users have nothing to worry about. That’s because the shoes are equipped with special walk-and-charge technology that powers the shoes—with every step. Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using wires.
The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibres, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear. Even better They are completely waterproof (not let water through) and can even be thrown into an ordinary laundry machine for a quick wash! The company predicts that the shoes will range the price from $150 to $1,000 depending on the size of the E-panels where the designs are displayed.
This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined. Another technology company has come up with a similar concept that connects e-reader panels to a smartphone app via the Bluetooth. Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.
( )1. What can we know about the smart shoes from the text
A. The electronic designs can not be seen clearly at night.　
B. The designers make sure every pair of sneakers is unique.
C. The bottom of the shoes can last longer due to special materials.
D. The shoes have to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.
( )2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. How the sneakers are charged.
B. How the sneakers can work well.
C. What images the sneakers show.
D. What technology the sneakers carry.
( )3. The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on 　　　　.
A. the length of the shoes
B. the size of their E-panels
C. the designers of the shoes
D. the materials of their bottoms
( )4. How does the author feel about the sneakers’ future market
A. Negative. B. Uncertain.
C. Anxious. D. Confident.
B
Hibernation (冬眠) is a classic topic of science fiction. In movies such as 2001: A Space Odyssey, Alien, or Passengers, crew members are put into a state of sleep to take year-long journeys to space. Now a new study from Washington University has shown that human hibernation may soon become a reality.
The research team carried out tests on rats—animals that do not naturally hibernate. They first identified a group of neurons (神经元) in a deep brain region, which were found to be involved in controlling body temperature during hibernation. They showed that, in mice, these neurons could be stimulated using ultrasound (超声波), which was delivered through a helmet without causing an injury.
When receiving the ultrasound, the mice showed a drop in body temperature of about 3℃, and their heart rates fell by about 47%. When the ultrasound system was switched off, they woke up again. The result was “surprising and fascinating”, said Hong Chen, a professor who led the work.
Researchers are also trying to determine how to harness the power of hibernation to help humans. They believe that it could be key to addressing health conditions like heart disease, and Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, hibernation’s ability to slow aging, which was observed in bats, could benefit space exploration, enabling longer missions with less food requirements. Research in animals also suggests that bodies of hibernating astronauts might lose less bone and muscle, making them fit and ready to start challenging exploration soon after they wake up.
By unlocking the secrets of this remarkable process, researchers may uncover ways to improve human health, as well as gain new insights into the natural world. Therefore, the exploration of hibernation is an exciting area that is sure to yield numerous benefits in the years to come.
The scientists now plan to look at how lowered body temperature might affect the cognitive abilities of humans. “Our next experiments will test working memory in monkeys. This is important because while astronauts physically hibernate as they fly into deep space, their brain still needs to be working,” said Chen.
( )5. How did researchers put rats into hibernation
A. By lowering their body temperature.
B. By activating specific brain neurons.
C. By putting a regular helmet on them.
D. By using ultrasound through an operation.
( )6. What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Employ.
B. Challenge.
C. Overlook.
D. Discover.
( )7. What advantage might hibernation bring to humans
A. It improves people’s mental health.
B. It predicts a variety of heart diseases.
C. It helps astronauts keep physically fit.
D. It enables astronauts to build up muscle.
( )8. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A. To point out the significance of the study.
B. To bring out the focus of follow-up studies.
C. To discuss other factors affecting hibernation.
D. To explain practical applications of the finding.
Ⅲ. 书面表达
想象类说明文
文体感知
导读:想象类作文属于说明文的写作范畴,需要有创造性的思维和丰富的想象力,但想象也要合理。介绍时要符合说明文的语言特点,即条理清晰、层次分明、语言简练、用词准确。
结构:第一部分:引入话题,总体介绍;
第二部分:具体描述(对未来的想象);
第三部分:总结全文,展望未来。
【素材】
一百年后,我们居住的房子会是什么样子呢 请你以 “The House in the Future” 为题写一篇英文短文。你可以从房子的建筑材料、功能、墙壁特点等方面展开想象。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 不同于……　　　　
2. 由……制成　 　
3. 给某人带来便利
4. 自动改变　　
【句式】
亮点句式
☆ Controlled by…, it will bring…
☆ Whenever an earthquake occurs, it will…
☆ The colour will vary with…
☆ It will turn into…, on which…
1. 完成句子
(1)将来的房子不是用砖建的,而是用玻璃建的。　
The future house .
(2)其中一面墙能随时变成大屏幕,主人可以在上面欣赏精彩的电影。
One of them will be able to and the owner can on it.
2. 句式升级
(1)将第1小题中的句(1)改为强调句。
(2)将第1小题中的句(2)改为定语从句。
【妙笔成篇】
范文:
The House in the Future
With the development of science and technology, the house in the future will
In short, living in a future house will be amazing.
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P34]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.(-d/-de结尾)+-sion→n.
persuade→ n.说服
conclude→ n.结论;推论
decide→ n.决定
explode→ n.爆炸
expand→ n.扩张;扩展
divide→ n.分开;分配
2. adj.(-t结尾)+-ce→n.
distant→ n.距离
absent→ n.缺席;不在
consequent→ n.结果
different→ n.不同
important→ n.重要(性)
confident→ n.自信
3. adj.(-t/-te结尾)+-cy→n.
efficient→ n.效率;效能
accurate→ n.精确(性);准确(性)
frequent→ n.频率;频繁
private→ n.隐私
urgent→ n.紧迫; 急事
4. v.+-ation→n.
combine→ n.结合
determine→ n.决心;决定
examine→ n.考试;检查
imagine→ n.想象
occupy→ n.职业;占领
5. adj.+-ity→n.
secure→ n.安全
popular→ n.流行;受欢迎
similar→ n.相似(性)
personal→ n.个性
national→ n.国籍
equal→ n.平等;相等
6. v.+-ence→n.
prefer→ n.偏爱
occur→ n.发生
differ→ n.不同
exist→ n.存在
refer→ n.参考
7. v.+-ance→n.
resist→ n.抵制;反对
appear→ n.出现;外貌
accept→ n.接受
perform→ n.表演;履行
guide→ n.指导
assist→ n.协助
8. 动词+on/off→及物动词短语
switch on/off
【动词+on/off短语拓展】
turn on/off
take on/off
put on/off
call on/off
get on/off
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. In my opinion, (散文) are more readable than poems.
2. When writing a composition, you’re required to leave two blank spaces at the beginning of each (段落).
3. —Would you please tell us the (可能性) of fighting against the terrible disease
—We are sure to win the battle.
4. They don’t think it right to put (emphasise) on developing nuclear power.
5. The news may be unexpected; (然而如此;不过), it is true.
6. In China, some people are getting away from city living in favour of (乡村的) areas to do what they love.
7. Now scientists can f the weather (accurate).
8. They are strong (advocate) of free market policies.
9. The soldiers opened fire without (warn).
10. I wish to turn on the light. Where is the (开关)
11. If he can combine his ability hard work, he should be very successful.
12. When she got to the mysterious cave, she could not resist (go) in.
13. How can I persuade you my sincerity
14. The (crime) cruelty made the man lose sight and many passers-by angry.
15. We should (constant) urge ourselves on to study hard.
16. It’s not typical of Bob to be so (挑剔的) because he’s always kind to others.
17. I’ve (说服) the famous man into founding a non-profit organisation for the elderly.
18. Choosing furniture is largely a matter of personal (prefer).
19. The chances of a visit by Martians to Earth are (微乎其微的).
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. Smith先生特别喜欢看新闻。按照他的日常生活习惯,每天早晨一起床,他做的第一件事就是用遥控器打开电视,了解世界各地发生了什么事。
Mr Smith watching news. According to his , he gets up every morning, what he does first is to the TV with the to what’s going on around the world.
2. 实际上,几乎每个人都有可能从人工智能中受益。以手机导航为例,无论你想去哪儿,你只需要给它发语音指令,它就立刻对你的声音做出回应并遵从你的命令,自动高效地为你预测准确的路线。你还可以根据你的喜好选择模式。因此,尽管有些人反对发展新科技,提倡一种简朴、摒弃新科技的生活,但大部分人都接受而不是抵制新科技。显而易见,它一直在改变着我们的生活方式,使我们有可能过得更舒适。
In fact, almost everyone is . Take mobile navigation for example. Wherever you want to go, you only need to give it and it will your voice at once and , route for you and . You can also choose depending on your . , although some people new technology and a simple life, a life new technology, most people accept it rather than it. Apparently, it has been changing , which .
3. 李明对创新和发明非常感兴趣。周末他一有空就会去参观科技馆,在那里他见到了很多自动装置和家用机器人。有的能保障我们的安全,为我们节能、做家务,有的甚至还能监测到潜在的危险并为我们提供相关信息来防止严重伤害的发生。他已经下定决心将来要从事人工智能设计师的职业。
Li Ming takes great interest in and invention. Whenever he is on weekends, he will visit the Science and Technology Museum, where he has seen many and household robots. Some can keep us , save us energy, and do housework for us and some can even the and information to serious damage happening. He has determined that he will take up a(n) as an AI designer in the future.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. He (lie) on one of the sunny beaches in Hawaii all day when he spends his holiday there.
2. Don’t call me between 2∶00 and 4∶00 this afternoon. I (have) a test then.
3. Nobody knew what (happen) to the Earth in a century’s time.
4. Mr Lee said he would give the CD to me as soon as he (return) from Canada.
5. When we were young, father (take) us for a special treat on Mother’s Day.
6. Oh! I forgot to invite Mary to my birthday party. I (call) her now.
7. You have to put in more effort if you are (pass) the test.
8. I was about (tell) you about my plan, but you stopped me before I could speak.
9. you (use) your computer this time tomorrow
10. Look at the dark clouds! It (rain).
11. I (watch) my favourite programme between 8 and 11 tomorrow evening, and then I will go out to drink in my usual bar.
12. They (travel) around Europe next summer.
13. We (see) our doctor from home in the not-so-distant future.
14. By next summer John (work) in this factory for thirteen years.
15. He (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
16. He promised me that if we won the game, he (buy) us a round of drinks.
17. He said time and time again that he (leave), but he actually stayed well after midnight.
18. Tom (write) to Jerry and tell him about his new school at once.
Ⅴ. 语言运用
随着科技的发展,在线学习小组越来越受人们的欢迎。对此,人们有不同的看法。请你根据以下提示,给某英文报刊写一篇短文,并谈谈你的看法。
赞成的理由 1. 获得新知识; 2. 利用闲暇时间学习。
反对的理由 1. 在线学习小组管理不善; 2. 浪费时间。
你的看法 ……
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:在线学习小组Online Study Groups
范文:

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