资源简介

Unit 4　Body Language
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P57]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The 　interaction　 (interact) of the two groups produced many good ideas.
2. The singer’s sudden death suggests that drug abuse is such a serious problem that we should deal with it 　appropriately　 (appropriate).
3. She desperately wanted to win her father’s　approval　 (approve).
4. The government’s strong action 　demonstrated/demonstrates　 (展现) its determination to improve people’s livelihood.
5. The guide 　will interpret　 (翻译) the foreigner’s remarks for us tomorrow.
6. Although the twins’ appearance is 　identical　 (相同的), they differ 　from　 each other 　in　 characters.
7. He arrived home just in time to 　witness　 (目击) his brother being taken away by the police.
8. The company 　employs　 (应用)advanced technology to improve production efficiency.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
break down　　　　 look into one’s eyes
by contrast approve of
get through　 feel down
vary from…to…　 interpret…as…
1. She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, 　by contrast　, had done very well.
2. I didn’t know how they 　got through　 those cold winters.
3. He 　interpreted　 her silence 　as　 a sign of disapproval.
4. Wedding traditions and customs 　vary from　 one country 　to　 another.
5. They nodded and 　approved of　 their plan.
6. Eddie 　felt down　 after being criticised by the boss.
7. The new software is expected to 　break down　 barriers to information access by providing a more user-friendly interface.
8. She 　looked into my eyes　 for a long time as if she didn’t believe what I had said.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★ vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变 various adj.各种各样的 variety n.变化;多样性
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口语一样,肢体语言也因文化而异。
【归纳拓展】
a (wide) variety of… 各种各样的
vary in 在……方面不同
vary with 随着……变化而改变
vary from…to… 因……而异;由……到……不等
【即学即练】
(1)学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。
The students’ work 　varies　 considerably 　in quality　.　
(2)酒店的房价是随季节浮动的。
The cost of a room at the hotel 　varies with the season　.
(3)图书馆里有各种各样的书。
There are 　a wide variety of　 books in the library.
2. ★ favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同
Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
在其他地方,人们见面时更喜欢握手,鞠躬或点头致意。
【归纳拓展】
do sb a favour 帮助某人
ask a favour of sb 找某人帮忙
in favour of 支持;赞同
in sb’s favour 有利于某人
【即学即练】
(1)今天你能帮我个忙去学校接Sam吗
Could you 　do me a favour　 and pick up Sam from school today
(2)目前汇率对我们有利。
The exchange rate 　is in our favour　 at the moment.　
(3)你赞同禁烟吗
Are you 　in favour of　 a ban on smoking
(4)我可以请你帮个忙吗
Can I 　ask a favour of　 you
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句:And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
点睛:“否定词+比较级” 是一个常用的英语句型,通常用来表达最高级的意义,但在表达方式上更具表现力。“否定词+比较级”中的否定词既可以是代词,也可以是副词。
【即学即练】
1. 没有什么比这件事更重要了。
　Nothing　 is 　more important　 than this.
2. 我非常同意你的观点。
I 　couldn’t　 agree with you 　(any) more　.
3. 她最喜欢在夏天旅游。
She likes 　nothing better　 than travelling in summer.
4. 在困难时期得到的帮助,人们再怎么感激也不为过。
One 　couldn’t be more grateful　 for the help given in difficult times.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
Sign language has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realised that sign languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to know how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy (争议): whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behaviour. The present interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.
When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school let him teach a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something strange: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.
Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (洋泾浜英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered:Might deaf people actually have a genuine language And could that language be unlike any other on the Earth It was 1955. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (离经叛道的观点).
It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that sign languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They thought language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.”
(　 B　)1. The study of sign language is thought to be 　　　　.
A. a new way to look at the learning of language
B. a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language
C. an approach to making the grammatical structure of a language simple
D. a try to clear misunderstanding about the use of language
(　C　)2. The present growing interest in sign language was caused by 　　　　.　
A. a famous scholar in the study of the human brain 　
B. a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts 　
C. an English teacher in a university for the deaf 　
D. some senior experts in American Sign Language
(　D　)3. Most educators were against Stokoe’s idea because they thought 　　　　.
A. sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people
B. sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted 　
C. a language should be easy to use and understand
D. a language could only lie in the form of speech sounds 　
(　D　)4. Stokoe’s argument is based on his belief that 　　　　.
A. sign language is as useful as any other language
B. sign language comes from natural language
C. language is a system of meaningful codes
D. language is a product of the brain
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加劳德特大学的一名老师Bill Stokoe认为手语是一种天生的语言,并且他为手语的研究做出了很大的贡献。
1. B　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They offer a new way…or whether it is a learned behaviour.” 可知, 手语提供了一种新方法, 用以探索大脑是如何产生并理解语言的, 并为一个长期以来的科学争议——语言究竟是与生俱来的,还是后天习得的行为,提出了新的解释。由此可知,手语是对语言性质的传统观点的挑战。
2. C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The present interest in sign language has roots in…the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.”及第二段中的“When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English…” 可知, 现在对手语的兴趣是由Bill Stokoe, 一位教英语的老师激发的。
3. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “They thought language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound.” 可知, 大多数教育者认为语言是建立在说, 也就是声音调节的基础上的。
4. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “‘What I said,’ Stokoe explains, ‘is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.’” 可知, Stokoe认为手语是大脑的产物。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五
Everybody lies to some degree. 　1　 However, nobody wants to be caught. Of course there’s a huge gap that separates little white lies from the whoppers (弥天大谎), but learning how to tell if someone is lying is a skill that’ll always come in handy. Here’s what to watch for.
　2　
There are many signs that someone could be lying. For example, one may make too little or too much eye contact, sweat or flush in their faces, and have difficulty controlling the volume and tone of their voice. 　3　 Hand gestures that normally accompany talking may occur with less frequency. Arm and leg movements may also be fewer. It seems that liars would become more concentrated on telling the lie, so they get quieter in their bodies.
Ask questions—quickly.
If you suspect you’re being lied to, try this technique, which experts say can trip up a liar. Try asking questions quickly—one after the other. “The first lie is easy,” explains Kang Lee, professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education’s Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development. “　4　 When you continue to ask questions and put people on the spot, it gets harder to maintain the lie.”
Check for emotional “leaks”.
Micro-expressions often show a person’s real thoughts. If you were to watch people very closely on videotape, you would see them showing their true emotion just before they show the fake expression designed to cover up the lie. But these extremely brief facial movements, some only lasting a quarter of a second, aren’t easy to spot. 　5　 And intentional liars tend to add other expressions, like smiling, to hide a lie.
So here’s hoping that the next time someone throws a lie your way, you’ll know just how to catch it.
A. Listen to the voices.
B. Get better at body language.
C. The follow-up lie is more difficult.
D. Interestingly, people who are lying often become more still.
E. Even professionals trained in lie detection can’t always tell them apart.
F. In some cultures, it’s considered inappropriate to maintain eye contact.
G. Lies occur between friends, teachers and students, husbands and wives.
1. 　G　　2. 　B　　3. 　D　　4. 　C　
5. 　E　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些识别说谎者的方法。
1. G　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“Everybody lies to some degree.”可知,每个人某种程度上都会说谎,谎言会发生在每个人身上,空格处会提到谎言会发生在各种人与人之间的关系中。选项G“谎言发生在朋友之间、师生之间、夫妻之间”符合语境。
2. B　【解析】 考查段落大意。根据下文可知,本段主要讲述了撒谎时会出现的肢体语言,选项B“更好地运用肢体语言”能概括本段段落大意。
3. D　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“There are many signs that someone could be lying.For example,…”可知,一个人撒谎时,会有很多迹象,如出现过少或过多的眼神交流、出汗或脸红,难以控制自己的音量和语调,空格处会接着介绍撒谎时的其他迹象,选项D“有趣的是,说谎的人通常会变得更安静”承接上文,符合语境。
4. C　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“Try asking questions quickly—one after the other.‘The first lie is easy,’ explains Kang Lee.”可知,第一个谎言很容易,问题也很容易回答,空格处会提到接下来的谎言就会很难,选项C“接下来的谎言更难”符合语境。
5. E　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“If you were to watch people very closely on videotape…But these extremely brief facial movements, some only lasting a quarter of a second, aren’t easy to spot.”可知,说谎者在表现出掩盖谎言的虚假表情之前表现出真实的情绪,但这些真实的情绪不容易被发现,空格处会提到这些情绪到底有多难发现,选项E“即使是受过测谎训练的专业人士也不能总是把它们区分开来”符合语境。
Ⅶ.语法填空
We often use body language 　1　 (express) our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
Making eye contact in some countries 　2　 (be) a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is rude or disrespectful. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who sees another person 　3　 (employ) the gesture will think it means money. In France, a person seeing an 　4　 (identity) gesture will interpret it as zero. In Brazil and Germany, however, the gesture is rude. Even the gestures for “yes” and “no” 　5　 (different) around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. In Bulgaria, 　6　 comparison, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.
　7　 there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal. Perhaps the best example of 　8　 (universal) understood body language is the smile. A smile can help us get through difficulties and find friends in 　9　 world of strangers. A smile can also break down 　10　 (barrier). And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
1. 　to express 2. 　is　
3. 　employing 4. 　identical　
5. 　differ 6. 　by　
7. 　While/Although/Though　
8. 　universally　
9. 　a　
10. 　barriers　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言和口语一样,都因文化而异。
1. to express　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为use,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;express和主语we构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用动词不定式形式作目的状语。
2. is　【解析】 考查主谓一致。单个动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填is。
3. employing　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为sees,空处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;employ和主语person构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用动词-ing形式作状语。
4. identical　【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰名词gesture,应使用identity的形容词形式identical作定语。
5. differ　【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文可知,此处应用一般现在时;又因主语gestures表达复数概念,故填differ。
6. by　【解析】 考查介词。by comparison意为“相比之下”,为固定搭配。
7. While/Although/Though　【解析】 考查连词。句意:虽然我们的肢体语言有许多不同的解释,但有些似乎是通用的。空格处表示让步关系,故填while/although/though;又因空格处位于句首,首字母应大写。
8. universally　【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰分词understood,应使用universal的副词形式universally作状语。
9. a　【解析】 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个充满陌生人的世界”,应使用不定冠词;又因world发音以辅音音素开头,空格处应使用a。
10. barriers　【解析】 考查名词单复数。空格处意为“障碍”,barrier是可数名词,表示泛指概念,且空格前无限定词修饰,应使用名词复数形式。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P61]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He offered his 　assessment　 (assess) of the damage, which is only a framework.　
2. Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the left hand over the right and bow 　slightly　 (slight).
3. We all 　posed　 (摆好姿势) for our photographs next to the Great Wall.
4. The branch 　bent　 (bend) but didn’t break when the boy climbed along it.
5. In 　comparison　 (compare) with the French, the British eat far less fish.
6. He resigned from the company in order to take a more 　challenging　 (challenge) job.
7. Only after the 　incident　 (冲突) happened was I conscious of her unfriendliness.　
8. Early 　trials　 (trial) have shown that the treatment has some serious side effects.
9. Tom is hardly distinguishable from his 　twin　 (双胞胎) brother.
10. It’s not difficult to understand this world when you master the 　internal　 (内部的) relations of things.
11. He straightened 　up　, wiping his hand on his trousers.
12. The woman has stopped crying; 　in　 other words, she calmed down.
13. Language games are usually intended to encourage student 　interaction　 (interact).
14. It’s 　embarrassing　 (embarrass) to be caught telling a lie.
15. Let me give you a 　demonstration　 (demonstrate) of how the camera works.
16. Eating boiled potatoes instead of chips was his only 　gesture　 (姿态) towards healthy eating.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——动词-ing形式作宾语或表语
1. 单句语法填空
(1)Poems which had seemed dull and　boring　 (bore) suddenly came to life.
(2)The bird narrowly escaped 　being shot　 (shoot) by the hunter.
(3)It can be very 　satisfying　 (satisfy) to work in the garden.
(4)Do you feel like 　having　 (have) a walk with me after supper
(5)My father suggested 　reading　 (read) more books in my spare time.
(6)To avoid 　being seen　 (see) by the teacher, Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
(7)Have you considered 　building　 (build) a house in the countryside
(8)Some of the children are shy and they have difficulty in 　making　 (make) friends.
(9)The book I’m reading now is really 　engaging　 (engage).
(10)The activity they enjoy most is 　playing　 (play) basketball.
2. 根据汉语意思,完成下列句子
(1)我记得在聚会上见过她。
I remember 　seeing　 her at the party.
(2)你应该避免再犯同样的错误。
You should avoid 　making　 the same mistakes again.
(3)我的爱好是收集不同国家的邮票。
My hobby is 　collecting　 stamps from different countries.
(4)当这个人看完信后,他看着他的朋友。
After the man finished 　reading the letter　, he looked at his friend.
(5)李明一直梦想着将来可以自己创业。
Li Ming has always been dreaming of 　starting his own business　 in the future.
(6)尽管我是一个残疾人,但我在生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。
While I’m a disabled man, I always enjoy 　helping others　 in my daily life.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Clara Daly was seated on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when a flight attendant (服务员) asked an urgent question over the loudspeaker, “Does anyone on board know American Sign Language ” Clara, 15, 　1　 the call button. The flight attendant came by and explained the situation. “We have a passenger on the plane who’s 　2　 and deaf,” she said. The passenger seemed to want something, but he was travelling alone and the flight attendants couldn’t 　3　 what he needed.
Clara had been studying ASL for the past year and was able to finger spell on the man’s hand. So she 　4　 her seat belt, walked toward the front of the plane, and 　5　 by the seat of the passenger, Tim Cook. Gently taking his hand, she 　6　,“How are you Are you OK ” Tim asked for some water. When it arrived, Clara returned to her seat. She came again a bit later because Tim wanted to know the 　7　. Clara got him to know that it was nearly 10 a.m. On her third 　8　, she stopped and stayed for a while.
“Wow, this is cool,” Clara said to the flight attendant. “In fact, he didn’t need anything. He was just 　9　 and wanted to talk.”
So for the next hour, they were both 　10　, chatting with each other. She talked about her family and her 　11　 for the future (she wants to be a politician). Tim told Clara how he had 　12　 become blind over time and 　13　 stories of his days as a travelling salesman.
“Clara was caring,” the flight attendant told reporters during an online 　14　. “You could see Tim was very excited to have someone he could communicate with, and Clara was like a(n) 　15　, appearing in need, unexpectedly.”
(　B　)1. A. put B. pressed
C. made D. covered
(　C　)2. A. cold　　 B. mad　
C. blind D. sick
(　D　)3. A. believe　 B. notice
C. accept D. understand
(　C　)4. A. left B. tied　
C. unfastened　　 D. broke
(　B　)5. A. stood up　 B. bent over　
C. lay down D. turned over
(　B　)6. A. shook　　 B. wrote
C. shouted D. whispered
(　D　)7. A. job　　 B. flight
C. seat D. time
(　D　)8. A. trip　 B. chat　
C. letter D. visit
(　C　)9. A. terrified　　 B. thirsty
C. lonely　 D. delighted
(　C　)10. A. displeased　 B. regretful　
C. relaxed　 D. lucky
(　B　)11. A. courses　 B. plans
C. doubts　 D. problems
(　D　)12. A. generally　 B. immediately　
C. increasingly　 D. gradually
(　A　)13. A. shared　　 B. forgot
C. repeated　 D. complained
(　A　)14. A. interview　 B. job　
C. lesson　　 D. opportunity
(　B　)15. A. attendant　 B. angel
C. student D. dancer
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了15岁的小女孩Clara Daly帮助航班乘务员与一位失聪、失明的乘客Tim Cook用手语交流的故事,体现了浓浓的温暖之情。
1. B　【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“the call button”并结合常识可知,此处指按下了呼叫按钮。
2. C　【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格后的“deaf”并结合语境可知,此处指一位耳聋、失明的乘客。
3. D　【解析】 考查动词。根据下文语境可知,是Clara帮助了那位乘客,而乘务员并不会手语,不明白那位乘客需要什么。
4. C　【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“walked toward the front of the plane”可知,此处指她解开安全带,才能朝飞机前部走去。
5. B　【解析】 考查动词短语。根据逻辑可知,Clara站着,Tim坐着,两人想通过在手上写字交流,那么Clara就要弯下腰。
6. B　【解析】 考查动词。根据空格前的“taking his hand”并结合语境可知,这位乘客耳朵失聪,眼睛失明,Clara只能在Tim的手上写字,让他感知,才能知道他的需要。
7. D　【解析】 考查名词。根据空格后的“Clara got him to know that it was nearly 10 a.m.”可知,Tim想知道时间。
8. D　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“She came again a bit later”可知,Clara已经找过Tim两次,此处指和他的第三次交流会面。
9. C　【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“he didn’t need anything”及空格后的“and wanted to talk”可知,Tim实际上并不需要什么,他是因为太孤独了想找人聊天。
10. C　【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“chatting with each other”并结合语境可知,两人交谈了很久,都很放松。
11. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据空格后的“she wants to be a politician”可知,Clara想成为一名政治家,此处指未来的规划。
12. D　【解析】 考查副词。根据下文中的“over time”可知,随着时间的推移,Tim的视力不断衰退,所以他是逐渐失明的。
13. A　【解析】 考查动词。根据上下文语境可知,两人相互交流谈心,Clara讲了自己的计划,Tim也会分享他作为旅行推销员的经历。
14. A　【解析】 考查名词。根据空格前的“reporters”可知,此处指这位空姐在接受在线采访时说了赞扬Clara的话。
15. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“Tim was very excited”并结合上文语境可知,Tim对有人能和自己交流感到非常激动,对他而言,善解人意的Clara就像一位天使。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
Many people believe that language belongs to human beings. However, cats have developed a language not for each other, but for the human beings who have them as pets.
When communicating with each other, cats “talk” with a system of signals. Their tails, rather than any kind of “speech”, act as an important way to express themselves. They also touch each other to express their feelings. With other cats, they will use their voice only to express pain. Unbelievably, all of that changes when a human walks into the room. Cats use many different kinds of vocal (声音的) expressions when they communicate with the person. Since these vocal expressions are not used to communicate with other cats, it seems that cats developed this “language” to communicate with their human owners.
This fact is shown more clearly when observing rooms that have only one cat and those with several cats. And an only cat is usually very vocal, since the only creature around with whom the cat can communicate is its owner. Cats with other cats, though, are much quieter. If they want to have a conversation, they only need to go to other cats and communicate in their natural way.
Since cats learnt to meow (喵喵叫) for the only purpose of communicating with human owners, the owners should take the time to learn what their different meows mean. If an owner knows, to name just a few examples, which meow means the cat is hungry, which means the cat wants to be petted, and which means the cat wants to have a little “conversation”, the relationship between cats and owners will be closer.
(　C　)1. If a cat among other cats finds part of its body hurts, it may express its pain with its 　　. 　
A. tail　 B. eyes　
C. voice　 D. head
(　A　)2. When a human enters a room full of cats, they 　　.
A. begin to use vocal expressions
B. use their tails to show love
C. stop making any noise
D. stop communicating with each other
(　B　)3. What are cat owners advised to do
A. Encourage cats to talk with each other.
B. Communicate more with cats.
C. Learn to meow in different ways.
D. Teach cats to understand human language.
(　D　)4. What is the text mainly about
A. Communication among cats.
B. Pets’ different expressions.
C. Advice on keeping pets.
D. The language of cats.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为语言属于人类,然而, 猫已经开发出一种语言,不是为了同类之间的交流,而是为了与主人交流。
1. C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“With other cats, they will use their voice only to express pain.” 可知,如果一只与其他猫在一起的猫发现身体的一部分受伤,它可能会用声音来表达痛苦。
2. A　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unbelievable, all of that changes…Cats use many different kinds of vocal (声音的) expressions when they communicate with the person.” 可知,当一个人进入一个全是猫的房间时, 猫会使用声音与人类交流。
3. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Since cats learnt to meow (喵喵叫) for the…owners should take the time to learn what their different meows mean.” 可知,猫主人应该与猫进行更多沟通。
4. D　【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段讲述了猫有自己的交流方式,但与人类交流时会使用声音。第二、三段讲述了独居猫更爱发声,因为只有主人能交流;多猫家庭中猫更安静。最后一段讲述了主人学习猫的叫声含义,能增进与猫的关系,由此可知,本文主要内容与猫的语言有关。
B
We all know that a powerful body posture (姿势) may help people feel more confident. But will it work on students A new study by researchers from the Martin Luther University (MLU) of Halle-Wittenberg was carried out to find the connection. And it does provide evidence that simple body postures can help students feel better in school.
Some body postures don’t need further explanation. When a man sits with his arms crossed behind his head, resting his feet on a table, he is probably feeling very self-confident. Arms folded in front of one’s body and a bent back, on the other hand, typically mean anxiety and insecurity (不安全感). “Body language is not just about expressing feelings, it can also have a great influence on how a person feels,” explains Robert K rner from the Institute of Psychology at MLU.
Research on powerful body postures tries to find out the extent to which a certain body posture might influence a person’s feelings and self-confidence. Up to now, most of the research has been about studying the effects on adults. K rner’s study is the first to examine children. “Children from the age of five are able to recognise and understand the body postures of others,” the professor adds.
The researchers carried out their experiment with 108 fourth graders. One group was asked to assume (装出) two open postures for one minute each. The other group posed with their arms folded in front of them and their heads down. The children then finished a series of psychological tests. The children who had assumed an open posture showed better moods and reported higher self-confidence than the children in the other group. The effects were particularly manifest when it came to questions concerning school. “Here, powerful body postures had the strongest effect on the children’s self-confidence,” says K rner.
“Teachers could try and see whether this method helps their students.” However, K rner states that expectations about this technique should be mild. The effects were only short-term. Serious problems or mental illness must be treated by trained professionals.
(　C　)5. Which of the following shows a person may feel uneasy according to Paragraph 2
A. One rests his head on the table.
B. One seldom moves his feet in a conversation.
C. One folds his arms before his body with a bent back.
D. One crosses his arms behind his head and lies on the sofa.
(　D　)6. What is the new research on powerful body postures mainly about
A. What the most popular postures are.
B. How children’s postures differ from adults’.
C. Why body language can express a person’s feelings.
D. What effects postures have on students’ feelings.
(　B　)7. What does the underlined word “manifest” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Strange. B. Obvious.
C. Unclear. D. Manageable.
(　C　)8. What is K rner’s attitude to teachers’ applying the findings in teaching
A. Worried. B. Doubtful.
C. Objective. D. Supportive.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究,该研究表明有些身体姿势有助于学生在学校感觉更好。
5. C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Arms folded in front of one’s body and a bent back, on the other hand, typically mean anxiety and insecurity (不安全感).”可知,一个人弯着腰,双臂交叉在身前表明这个人觉得不舒适。
6. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Research on powerful body postures tries to…which a certain body posture might influence a person’s feelings and self-confidence.”及第四段中的“The researchers carried out their experiment with 108 fourth graders.”可知,对强有力的身体姿势的最新研究主要关于身体姿势如何影响学生的情感。
7. B　【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“The children…reported higher self-confidence than the children in the other group.”及画线词后面的“powerful body postures had the strongest effect on the children’s self-confidence,”可知,相比之下,采取开放姿态的孩子表现出更好的心情和更高的自信,在学校中这种影响特别大。由此可知,这一结果涉及学习问题时显而易见,manifest意为“显而易见的”,与obvious意思相近。
8. C　【解析】 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知,虽然K rner推荐老师们尝试该方法,但也提醒不能期望过高,严重的问题仍需交给专业人员处理。由此推知,K rner处在一个中立的立场上。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P65]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. That 　educator　 (educate) published many articles in these magazines.
2. There is a growing 　tendency　 (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
3. Can you 　lower　 (调低) those bright lights a little The light is too strong.
4. She 　implied　 (暗示) that she knew more than that she had told the reporters.
5. The reading room seems to be always well 　occupied　 (occupy).
6. When he visited the big city for the first time, all he could do was to stare 　at　 the tall buildings in wonder.
7. We can 　perceive　 (察觉) his sorrow by the looks on his face.
8. It’s important to distinguish fact 　from　 fiction.
9. Her 　anxiety　 (anxious) about the science test increased as it grew nearer.
10. The soldier received a serious wound 　on　 the chest.
11. She was 　embarrassed　 when they asked an 　embarrassing　 question. Her 　embarrassment　 upset them very much. (embarrass)
12. He didn’t even bother 　to say　 (say) thank you, which made his mother 　ashamed　 (shame).
13. They are not 　merely　 (mere) content to fill the stomach.
14. She had a conflict 　with　 her best friend just now, making her 　weep　 (哭泣) sadly.
15. Could you 　clarify　 (阐释) the first point please I don’t understand it completely.
16. 　Ultimately　 (最终), he’d like to have his own business but that won’t be for some time.
17. He’s colour-blind and can’t 　distinguish　 (区分) between red and green easily.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
call on　　　 wear a frown
at work an absence of
as though have a tendency to
react to get the most out of
1. Don’t take your troubles 　at work　 to your family.
2. She walked into the room 　wearing a frown　, clearly bothered by something.
3. Humans tend to regard ourselves 　as though　 we are the only species on the planet and certainly the only one that matters.
4. There is 　an absence of　 light in the room, making it difficult to see.
5. You need to 　get the most out of　 your study time to achieve good grades.
6. We were alarmed at the way in which John 　reacted to　 the drug.
7. I felt quite nervous when the teacher 　called on　 me to answer the question.
8. He 　has a tendency to　 overthink things.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★ occupy vt.占据;占用 occupied adj.没空闲的;忙碌的 occupier n.占用者;居住者 occupation n.占用;职业
A large picture of the battle of Waterloo occupied the space above the fireplace.
一幅描绘滑铁卢战役的巨幅画作占据了壁炉上方的空间。
【归纳拓展】
occupy oneself in doing…/with…
专心于……;忙于……
keep sb occupied使某人忙碌
【即学即练】
(1)在“职业”一栏里她写了“警察”。
In the space marked “　occupation　” she wrote “police officer”.
(2)他仍在全身心地忙着写报告。
He’s still fully 　occupied with　 writing his report.
(3)Jerry 一整天都在忙着做实验,他甚至没有时间和家人一起吃饭。
　Occupying himself in doing experiments　
all day, Jerry couldn’t even have time for a meal with his family.
2. ★ tendency n.(思想、行为等的)倾向;趋势;(事情发展的)倾向 tend vi.倾向;趋于;往往会 vt.照顾;照料;护理
People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.
人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。
【归纳拓展】
(have) a tendency to do… 倾向于做……
tend to… 往往会……;易于去……
【即学即练】
(1)他喜欢夸张是出了名的。
His 　tendency to　 exaggerate is well known.
(2)越来越多的人倾向于把金钱看得重于生活质量。
There is 　a growing tendency to　　regard money more highly than quality of life.
(3)在我国这个地区,往往冬季寒冷而夏季温暖干燥。
We 　tend to　 have cold winters and warm, dry summers in this part of the country.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句:With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.
点睛:“with 复合结构”是一个重要的语法结构,它在句中主要作状语,表示伴随、原因、条件等多种语义。“with复合结构”的基本构成是 with+宾语+宾语补足语,其宾语补足语可以由形容词、副词、介词短语及非谓语动词等多种成分来充当。
【即学即练】
1. 有许多工作要做,他今晚不能去参加聚会了。
　With a lot of work to do　, he can’t go to the party tonight.
2. 显然,她喜欢一个人待在自己的房间里看书, 桌子上放着很多水果。
It is obvious that she likes to stay in her room alone, reading books, 　with a lot of fruit on the desk　.
3. 灯亮着,我们能够在房间里看得很清楚。
　With the lights on　, we could see clearly in the room.
4. 由于门开着,冷风灌进了屋里。
　With the door open　, the cold wind blew into the room.
5. 由于物价飞涨,我们买不起那些昂贵的商品。
　With prices rising quickly　, we can’t afford those expensive goods.
6. 我的头卡在大南瓜里,我的心狂跳不止,我感到快要窒息了。
　With my head stuck　 in the huge pumpkin,my heart beat wildly and I felt nearly suffocated.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
I was born and raised in Minnesota, the USA, but as an adult I have mostly lived in Europe and Africa. I teach cross-cultural management at the International Business School near Paris. For the last 15 years, I’ve studied how people in different parts of the world build trust, communicate, and make decisions especially in the workplace.
While travelling in Tokyo recently with a colleague, I gave a short talk to a group of 20 managers. At the end, I asked whether there were any questions or comments. No hands went up, so I went to sit down. My colleague whispered to me, “I think there actually were some comments, Erin. Do you mind if I try ” I agreed, but I guessed it would be a waste of breath. He asked the group again, “Any comments or questions ”
Still, no one raised a hand, but this time he looked very carefully at each person in the silent audience. Gesturing to one of them, he said, “Do you have something to add ” To my amazement, she responded, “Yes, thank you.” and asked me a very interesting question. My colleague repeated this several times, looking directly at the audience and asking for more questions or comments.
After the session, I asked my colleague, “How did you know that those people had questions ” He hesitated, not sure how to explain it, and then said, “It has to do with how bright their eyes are.”
He continued, “In Japan, we don’t make as much direct eye contact as you do in the West. So when you asked if there were any comments, most people were not looking directly at you. But a few people in the group were looking right at you, and their eyes were bright. That indicates that they would be happy to have you call on them.”
I thought to myself I would never have learnt from my upbringing in Minnesota. Since then, I try to focus on understanding behaviour in other cultures I encounter, and keep finding the bright eyes in the room.
(　C　)1. What can we conclude from the first paragraph
A. Life in Minnesota has made the author worn out. 　
B. The author enjoys travelling around the world.
C. Different cultures are kind of familiar to the author.
D. The author may start his own business in the future.
(　D　)2. Hearing the colleague whispering, the author 　　　　. 　
A. went back to his seat and got seated
B. knew his colleague had some questions
C. owed a big debt of gratitude to his colleague
D. thought his colleague would get nowhere
(　C　)3. Where does the author’s colleague probably come from
A. America. B. England.
C. Japan. D. France.
(　A　)4. What is the best title for the passage
A. Looking at Another Culture in the Eye
B. Focusing on Behaviour in Cultures
C. Admiring the Beauty in the Eye
D. Sharing Different Cultures in Tokyo
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自身是一个有多重文化背景的人, 但是在日本的讲学使他懂得了眼神交流的重要性。
1. C　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,作者在美国长大,成年之后长期生活在欧洲和非洲,15年来,他又潜心研究不同地区的人们是如何建立信任、交流和做决定的, 由此可知,他对各国不同的文化背景均有所了解。
2. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “I agreed, but I guessed it a waste of breath.” 可知, 听到同事说想再问一问的时候, 作者认为他问也是白问, 不会有什么进展。
3. C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的 “In Japan, we don’t make as much direct eye contact as you do in the West.” 可知, 作者的同事很有可能是一位日本人。
4. A　【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了作者在日本的这次经历,使他懂得了如何通过眼神来了解对方的想法。因此A项“用眼睛看另一种文化”适合作为本文标题。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五
Everyone can benefit from better communication. 　1　 Of course, we know that isn’t true, but this shouldn’t stop you improving your communication skills. Here are a few tips to help you become a better communicator.
　　●　2　
Verbal language is only one part of the communication—body language is another. If you ever want to know how to tell if someone is lying, body language is the answer. Your body language tells other people what you aren’t verbally saying: if you are anxious, confident, confused, angry or in any other type of emotion or state of mind. If you become good at reading body language, it will help you become a better communicator.
●Listen to others.
Before you ever begin to speak, take a minute to see if anyone else has something to say. 　3　 Listening to others has many benefits, such as allowing you to learn new things or get information that you may later need.
●Think before you speak.
Your parents probably told you this when you were young, but many people still do not take a moment to think about the words they are about to say. 　4　 There is a time and place for all words and tones of voice.
　5　 You will have to practise your communication skills before you can ever become an excellent communicator.
A. This is not an overnight thing.
B. Singing a song for them is good.
C. Become fluent in body language.
D. Don’t try to make the conversation go your way.　
E. You should decide what you want to get in a conversation before you choose your words.
F. If you are too anxious, you can’t look for the right body language to use in communication.
G. In fact, if everybody were an excellent communicator, the world would be a much better place.
1. 　G　　2. 　C　　3. 　D　　4. 　E　
5. 　A　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种提升交流技巧的有效方法。
1. G　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到每个人都能从更好的交流中受益,空格后提到某种情况是不真实的,但是这并不会妨碍沟通技巧的改善,空格处会提到这种不真实的情况具体指代什么,选项G“事实上,如果大家都能成为一名优秀的交流者,世界会变得更加美好”符合语境。
2. C　【解析】 考查段落大意。根据下文可知,本段主要讲述了有效运用和读懂肢体语言的好处,选项C“熟练使用肢体语言”能概括本段段落大意。
3. D　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到在你开口讲话之前,要先看看别人是不是有话要说,空格后提到倾听他人有很多益处,选项D“不要试图让谈话按照你的意愿进行”符合语境。
4. E　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“but many people still do not take a moment to think about the words they are about to say”可知,很多人没有花时间思考要说的话,空格处会提到三思而后言的正确做法,选项E“在选择措辞之前,你应该先决定你想在对话中得到什么”承接上文,符合语境。
5. A　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据下文中的“You will have to practise your communication skills before you can ever become an excellent communicator.”可知,成为善于交流的人并非一日之功,需要不断地练习,选项A“这不是一蹴而就的事”符合语境。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P69]
Ⅰ. 完形填空
It may be difficult to understand nonverbal messages because different cultures have different expectations about eye contact, physical 　1　, etc.
Let’s consider eye contact. Children from many Latin American and Asian 　2　show respect by avoiding the glance of important persons. A teacher who’s unfamiliar with this, however, might consider the lack of eye contact as a sign of 　3　. For many American Indian children, looking a teacher in the eye and answering her question in front of the class is “showing off”.
Culture greatly 　4　 attitudes towards physical contact, whether it’s a handshake, hug, or pat on the back. In Asia, female friends 　5　 hold hands and men casually hug one another as they walk down the street. Americans, however, may feel 　6　 with such public behaviour. In some Asian cultures, affectionately patting an adult’s head is strictly taboo (禁忌的), 　7　 it can be acceptable behaviour between adults and young children.
How 　8　 should people stand to each other when they’re having a conversation In areas of the Middle East and South America, people stand very close when 　9　. Europeans like to have more distance between them, while some Africans 　10　 even more space. You can 　11　 great discomfort by standing too close to another person. Not being 　12　 of this can even prevent someone from understanding or 　13　 the ideas you’re trying to get across.
To create a positive environment for communication, your nonverbal message must closely 　14　 your verbal message. One way to do this is to carefully observe how children and families speak and 　15　 around each other and with people they respect. This can provide clues about the true meaning of their nonverbal interactions.
(　B　)1. A. exercise　 B. touch
C. education D. strength
(　D　)2. A. schools　 B. villages
C. homelands　 D. cultures
(　A　)3. A. disrespect　 B. idea
C. danger D. disappointment
(　A　)4. A. influences　 B. supports
C. observes D. reduces
(　B　)5. A. never B. often　
C. seldom　 D. sometimes
(　D　)6. A. pleased　　 B. comfortable　
C. mad　　 D. uncomfortable
(　B　)7. A. because　　 B. although
C. unless D. if
(　D　)8. A. far　 B. closely　
C. properly D. close
(　A　)9. A. talking　　 B. eating　
C. waiting D. listening
(　B　)10. A. hate B. prefer　
C. wish D. dream
(　C　)11. A. change　　 B. expect　
C. create D. accept
(　D　)12. A. afraid　　 B. ashamed
C. proud D. aware
(　D　)13. A. suggesting　 B. considering　
C. refusing D. accepting
(　C　)14. A. pass B. explain
C. match D. prepare
(　B　)15. A. talk B. behave
C. use　 D. look
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同的文化对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解,另外,不同的文化对人与人之间站立距离远近的理解也有所不同。所以,要想真正了解一种文化,一定不要忽视无声语言所传达的信息。
1. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“Culture greatly 　4　 attitudes towards physical contact”及下文语境可知,此处指身体接触。
2. D　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“different cultures have different expectations…”可知,上文已提到不同文化中人们对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解,此处举例说明不同的文化。
3. A　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“show respect”及“A teacher who’s unfamiliar with this, however”可知,此处表示转折关系,应是把缺乏眼神接触当成不尊重的表现。
4. A　【解析】 考查动词。根据上文语境并结合逻辑可知,第一段介绍了不同的文化对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的期待;第二段介绍了眼神接触在不同文化中的不同理解。由此推知,第三段会介绍身体接触在不同文化中的影响。
5. B　【解析】 考查副词。根据下文中的“men casually hug one another”可知,男性之间可以随意地拥抱一下,那么女性朋友之间手拉手也是常事。
6. D　【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格前的“however”可知,此处指在亚洲文化中很自然的行为,在美国文化中却令人感到不舒服。
7. B　【解析】 考查连词。根据上下文语境可知,空格处前后为让步关系。
8. D　【解析】 考查副词。从本段的“people stand very close”及“…by standing too close”可知,此处指人与人之间站立时相隔距离的远近。
9. A　【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“when they’re having a conversation”可知,此处指在交谈时。
10. B　【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“Europeans like to…”可知,此处指有些非洲人倾向于较远的社交距离。
11. C　【解析】 考查动词。根据上文语境可知,部分非洲人不接受较近的社交距离,超过可接受的心理距离会给他们造成不适之感。
12. D　【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文语境可知,对谈话时的心理距离要清楚,否则会造成麻烦。
13. D　【解析】 考查动词。根据空格前的“understanding”可知,此处指阻碍他人理解或接受你试图传达的意思。
14. C　【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“To create a positive environment for communication”并结合常识可知,创造积极的交流环境,非语言信息与语言信息要相配要一致。
15. B　【解析】 考查动词。根据空格前的“speak”及下文中的“…of their nonverbal interactions”并结合上下文语境可知,speak为语言表现方式,空格处应为非言语表现方式,此处指通过观察小孩和家人间的谈话及举止方式来了解文化差异。
Ⅱ. 书面表达
读后续写
文体感知
读后续写要求学生首先对原文进行阅读,然后进行联想和续写。学生在阅读时要注意两个方面:
第一,要了解文章主旨大意、逻辑结构、故事的六要素(时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过及结果)及情节发展趋势等;
第二,要注意给出的两个首句,确定续写文段的逻辑关系。与此同时,也要注意词数,控制在150词左右,建议两段的长短大体一致。
【素材】
Sally had anxiety disorder trouble that made her fail to speak in social situations. I’m a nurse and use Bella to help children in my community, to bring them comfort and confidence the way only a dog can. I thought back to the day when I’d first brought Bella to the school.
That morning in January, her teacher led us to a room. “Sally hasn’t spoken outside her home in two years,” she told me. “Her parents have taken her to doctors, but nothing has worked.” A little girl stood shyly just inside the doorway. Her eyes brightened when she noticed my dog.
“This is Bella,” I said. “She does tricks. Would you like to see ”
Sally nodded. I motioned with my hand. Bella lay down and then rolled over. Sally’s eyes lit up. I showed Sally the hand signals for various commands. She was a natural with Bella, maybe because she couldn’t rely on the spoken word herself. Bella sensed that and responded. Soon Sally was able to put Bella through her paces all on her own. I could see her standing taller, more sure of herself each time we met.
One morning in March when she was working with Bella, I heard a tiny voice, barely a whisper, “Good dog.” Sally didn’t take her eyes off Bella, but I wanted to jump for joy. Sally spoke a little more each week, only to Bella at first, but then to me. Later, she started giving voice commands with her hand signals and her confidence rose.
Now, five-year-old Sally stood nervously in front of her kindergarten class, with Bella, my trained dog, sitting calmly by her side. All the eyes of her classmates were focused on Sally. They were waiting for her to speak. It was June—only one week of school left—but they had never heard her voice. Not once.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
But not a word came out. ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The next week, she told me she wanted to try again, looking up at me with determination.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　　
【审题谋篇】
主旨大意:
文章作者是一名护士,会用专门训练过的小狗Bella帮助社区的孩子们获得快乐、慰藉和信心。Sally是个患有焦虑症的孩子,两年以来,她离开家就没有说过话,看医生也没有作用。作者带着Bella去学校看望 Sally,她一下子就喜欢上了Bella。在Bella的帮助下, Sally慢慢地开始说话了。在学期结束前的一周,Sally想努力克服障碍,在课堂上发言。
思考过程:
1. 学生需站在作者的角度,写出Sally在课堂上说话的过程。人称应以第三人称为主,第一人称为辅。时态以一般过去时为主。
2. 根据续写第一段的开头语可知,Sally未能成功地在课堂上当着同学们的面说出话,该段需要描写出Sally想要在课堂上当着所有同学的面说话时的表现。
3. 再结合续写第二段的开头语可知,Sally的第二次尝试可能成功了。请使用分词短语作状语的用法来描写Sally当时的细微动作和心理活动,或反复使用简单句,凸显Sally从紧张、犹豫到下定决心要突破自我的过程。
【妙笔成篇】
范文:
Paragraph 1:
But not a word came out. Sally had been so excited about putting on a dog show for her class. She had practised with Bella and me for weeks. Now her eyes found mine. I nodded encouragingly. She took a deep breath and opened her mouth. But her mouth, then her whole body, seemed to defeat herself. Sally stood off to the side, head down. I felt awful. Sally returned to her seat, not looking at anyone, not even Bella.
Paragraph 2:
The next week, she told me she wanted to try again, looking up at me with determination. We headed to Sally’s classroom. The kids were sitting in a circle on the floor listening to the teacher. They turned when we arrived. We walked to the front of the quiet room. I shook Sally’s hands and stepped back. For a few seconds that seemed like hours, she stood silently, staring at her classmates. Finally she waved her hand and whispered, “This is Sally.” Then, a little louder, “Sally, your classmate. Looking forward to making friends with you.”
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P72]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.+-ion→n.　v.+-ive→adj.
interact→　interaction　 n.互动;交流→　interactive　 adj.互动的
react→　reaction　 n.反应;回应→　reactive　 adj.有反应的
communicate→　communication　 n. 交流→　communicative　adj.健谈的
elect→　election　 n.选举;推选→　elective　 adj.选举的
conduct→　conduction　 n.传导;输送→　conductive　adj. 传导性的
select→　selection　 n.挑选;选拔→　selective　 adj.选择性的
2. v.+-al→n.
approve→　approval　 n.批准;赞成
remove→　removal　 n.移动;去除;开除　
arrive→　arrival　 n.到达　
survive→　survival　 n.幸存　　
3. v.+-ence→n.
differ→　difference　 n.不同
refer→　reference　 n.提到;涉及;参考;查阅
occur→　occurrence　 n.发生;出现
exist→　existence　 n.存在
prefer→　preference　 n.偏爱;爱好
interfere→　interference　 n.干涉;干预;介入
4. v.+-able→adj.
rely→　reliable　 adj.可信赖的
avail→　available　 adj.可获得的
move→　movable　 adj.可移动的
adapt→　adaptable　 adj.有适应能力的
adjust→　adjustable　 adj.可调节的
drink→　drinkable　 adj.可饮用的
5. v.(-fy结尾)+-ication→n.
clarify→　clarification　 n.澄清;阐明　
justify→　justification　 n.正当理由
identify→　identification　 n.鉴定;辨认;确认
classify→　classification　 n.分类;归类　
qualify→　qualification　 n.资格;资历
6. v.+-ment→n.
assess→　assessment　 n.评价;评估
embarrass→　embarrassment　 n.尴尬
adjust→　adjustment　 n.调节;调整
amuse→　amusement　 n.娱乐
appoint→　appointment　 n.约会;任命
entertain→　entertainment　 n.娱乐;款待
7. v.+oneself+in doing→及物动词短语
occupy oneself in doing 　忙于……;专心于……　
employ oneself in doing 　忙于……;从事于……　
【v.+oneself+in doing短语拓展】
absorb oneself in doing 　全神贯注于……　
lose oneself in doing 　沉浸于……　
engage oneself in doing 　投身于……;从事于……　
bury onself in doing 　埋头于……;专心于……　
8. call+prep./adv.→及物动词短语
call on 　要求;呼吁; 拜访　
call for 　接(人);需要　
call in 　请来;找来　
【call+prep./adv.短语拓展】
call off 　取消　
call up 　打电话;唤起(回忆)　
call by 　顺路来一下(到某处)　
9. break+prep./adv.→动词短语
break down 　分解;打破;出故障　
break up 　分裂;破裂;放假;散会;解散　
break in 　闯入;打断　
【break+prep./adv.短语拓展】
break away 　挣脱;摆脱　
break into 　闯入;突然开始　
break off 　折断;中断;中止　
break out　爆发　
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. Ocean colour 　varies　 (不同) from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton (浮游植物).
2. You needn’t bother 　to explain　 (explain) because we believe in you.
3. Teachers are always showing special 　favour　 (偏爱) to the students who are diligent and active in class.
4. Workers 　reacted　 (反应) angrily to the latest news of more job losses at the factory.
5. I saw three camp beds, two of which 　were occupied　 (occupy).
6. Animals adjust themselves 　to　 their environment.
7. The chairman has also given his 　approval　 (approve) to an investigation into the sea.
8. Because a college community differs 　from　 the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.
9. Mother’s love is beyond 　comparison　 (compare) and nothing can replace it in the world.
10. For the past three years he has been employed 　as　 a firefighter.
11. She’s one of those authors who have a 　tendency　(tend) to overwrite.
12. I like the 　contrast　 (对比) of the white trousers with the black jacket.
13. Luckily, I was spared the 　embarrassment　 (embarrass) of having to sing in front of everyone.
14. The school invited a 　distinguished　 (distinguish) professor to give a lecture.
15. The pilots at the air show put on a very fine 　demonstration　 (demonstrate) of aerobatic skill.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 新建的工厂雇用了600多名工人,这在一定程度上解决了当地的就业问题。老板对员工很和蔼,从来不带着愤怒的情绪和他们交谈,所以他们都认为他是一个可靠的人,并支持他的管理。他总是想出适当的方法打破他和工人之间的隔阂,并利用一切可能的方式与他们互动。他是如此体贴,很少让他们感到尴尬,而且非常关心他们,经常询问他们的生活情况。
The newly-built factory 　employs　 more than 600 workers, which to some extent solves the local 　employment　 problem. The 　employer　 is very kind to the 　employees　 and has never talked with them 　with anger　, so they all think he is a 　reliable　 person and are 　in favour of　 his management. He always thinks of 　appropriate　 ways to 　break down the barriers　 between him and his workers and 　employs　every possible way to 　interact with　 them. He is so considerate that he has seldom made them 　embarrassed　 and he cares about them very much, frequently 　making inquiries about　 their lives.
2. Tom和Peter是孪生兄弟。他们的外表如此相似,以至有时他们的老师和同学都很难区分他们。但事实上,他们的性格不同。Tom性格开朗,他倾向于用语言与人交流。相比之下,Peter略显害羞,他总是用微笑或一些手势来打招呼。
Tom and Peter are 　twin　 brothers. They are so 　identical　 in appearance that sometimes their teachers and classmates find it difficult to 　distinguish one from the other　. But in fact, they 　differ in　 character. Tom is outgoing and he 　tends to interact with　 people with words. 　By contrast　, Peter is 　slightly　 shy, who always greets others with a smile or some 　gestures　.
3. 一天,数学课上发生了一件小事。老师注意到Mary盯着天花板,这表明她走神儿了,没有注意听课。于是他叫她回答一个简单的问题。不知道老师问了什么,Mary低下了头,觉得很惭愧,几乎哭了起来。下课后,她急忙地去办公室向老师道歉。令她吃惊的是,老师并没有责备她,只是说了几句鼓励的话。最后,她弯下腰,向老师低头鞠躬,并承诺不再那样做了。
One day, an 　incident　 happened in maths class. The teacher noticed Mary 　staring up　 at the ceiling, which 　implied　 that she was 　distracted　 and didn’t 　pay attention　. So he 　called on　 her to answer a simple question. 　Not knowing　 what the teacher had asked, she 　lowered　 her head, felt so 　ashamed　 that she almost began to 　weep　. After class, she went to the office 　with anxiety　 to apologise to the teacher. To her surprise, he didn’t scold her, 　merely　 to say a few words of encouragement. 　Ultimately　, she 　bent down　 and 　bowed　 low to her teacher and promised never to do that again.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. We made the right choice. It’s fun 　spending/to spend　 (spend) the holiday at the beach.
2. She spent four weeks which she could afford 　touring　 (tour) around the country, promoting her new album.
3. He has admitted 　not keeping　 (not keep) his word, which makes others unable to believe him anymore.
4. I regret 　not spending　 (not spend) more time with my grandma before she passed away.
5. He has dreamt of 　forming　 (form) a band since he was young.
6. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape 　being caught　 (catch) by the police.
7. The young trees we planted last week require 　looking/to be looked　 (look) after with great care.
8. 　Being　 (be) so happy, many of us could not go to sleep that night.　
9. I ran faster than ever, 　reaching　 (reach) the schoolyard out of breath.
10. With much work 　to do　 (do), I can’t go out with you tonight.　
Ⅴ. 语言运用
假定你是李华,你校外教Lan分配给你一个任务:以“Body Language”为主题设计一项课堂活动。请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍你的设计,内容包括:
1. 活动方式;
2. 设计意图。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
范文:
Dear Lan,
I hope this email finds you well. I am excited to share my proposal for a classroom activity themed “Body Language”.
The activity will be conducted in a workshop format where students will be divided into small groups. Each group will be given a set of situations where they need to interpret and demonstrate different body language cues. This will be followed by a discussion on the meaning and impact of these non-verbal signals in communication.The intention behind this design is twofold. Firstly, it …… aims to enhance students’ understanding of the importance of body language in everyday interactions. Secondly, by engaging in role-play and group discussions, students will develop their observational skills, empathy, and communication abilities.
I believe this interactive and immersive approach will make the learning experience both enjoyable and educational. Looking forward to your feedback.
Best regards,
Li HuaUnit 4　Body Language
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P57]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The (interact) of the two groups produced many good ideas.
2. The singer’s sudden death suggests that drug abuse is such a serious problem that we should deal with it (appropriate).
3. She desperately wanted to win her father’s (approve).
4. The government’s strong action (展现) its determination to improve people’s livelihood.
5. The guide (翻译) the foreigner’s remarks for us tomorrow.
6. Although the twins’ appearance is (相同的), they differ each other characters.
7. He arrived home just in time to (目击) his brother being taken away by the police.
8. The company (应用)advanced technology to improve production efficiency.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
break down　　　　 look into one’s eyes
by contrast approve of
get through　 feel down
vary from…to…　 interpret…as…
1. She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, , had done very well.
2. I didn’t know how they those cold winters.
3. He her silence a sign of disapproval.
4. Wedding traditions and customs one country another.
5. They nodded and their plan.
6. Eddie after being criticised by the boss.
7. The new software is expected to barriers to information access by providing a more user-friendly interface.
8. She for a long time as if she didn’t believe what I had said.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★ vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变 various adj.各种各样的 variety n.变化;多样性
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口语一样,肢体语言也因文化而异。
【归纳拓展】
a (wide) variety of… 各种各样的
vary in 在……方面不同
vary with 随着……变化而改变
vary from…to… 因……而异;由……到……不等
【即学即练】
(1)学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。
The students’ work considerably .　
(2)酒店的房价是随季节浮动的。
The cost of a room at the hotel .
(3)图书馆里有各种各样的书。
There are books in the library.
2. ★ favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同
Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
在其他地方,人们见面时更喜欢握手,鞠躬或点头致意。
【归纳拓展】
do sb a favour 帮助某人
ask a favour of sb 找某人帮忙
in favour of 支持;赞同
in sb’s favour 有利于某人
【即学即练】
(1)今天你能帮我个忙去学校接Sam吗
Could you and pick up Sam from school today
(2)目前汇率对我们有利。
The exchange rate at the moment.　
(3)你赞同禁烟吗
Are you a ban on smoking
(4)我可以请你帮个忙吗
Can I you
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句:And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
点睛:“否定词+比较级” 是一个常用的英语句型,通常用来表达最高级的意义,但在表达方式上更具表现力。“否定词+比较级”中的否定词既可以是代词,也可以是副词。
【即学即练】
1. 没有什么比这件事更重要了。
is than this.
2. 我非常同意你的观点。
I agree with you .
3. 她最喜欢在夏天旅游。
She likes than travelling in summer.
4. 在困难时期得到的帮助,人们再怎么感激也不为过。
One for the help given in difficult times.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
Sign language has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realised that sign languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to know how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy (争议): whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behaviour. The present interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.
When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school let him teach a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something strange: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.
Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (洋泾浜英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered:Might deaf people actually have a genuine language And could that language be unlike any other on the Earth It was 1955. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (离经叛道的观点).
It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that sign languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They thought language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.”
( )1. The study of sign language is thought to be 　　　　.
A. a new way to look at the learning of language
B. a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language
C. an approach to making the grammatical structure of a language simple
D. a try to clear misunderstanding about the use of language
( )2. The present growing interest in sign language was caused by 　　　　.　
A. a famous scholar in the study of the human brain 　
B. a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts 　
C. an English teacher in a university for the deaf 　
D. some senior experts in American Sign Language
( )3. Most educators were against Stokoe’s idea because they thought 　　　　.
A. sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people
B. sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted 　
C. a language should be easy to use and understand
D. a language could only lie in the form of speech sounds 　
( )4. Stokoe’s argument is based on his belief that 　　　　.
A. sign language is as useful as any other language
B. sign language comes from natural language
C. language is a system of meaningful codes
D. language is a product of the brain
Ⅵ.阅读七选五
Everybody lies to some degree. 　1　 However, nobody wants to be caught. Of course there’s a huge gap that separates little white lies from the whoppers (弥天大谎), but learning how to tell if someone is lying is a skill that’ll always come in handy. Here’s what to watch for.
　2　
There are many signs that someone could be lying. For example, one may make too little or too much eye contact, sweat or flush in their faces, and have difficulty controlling the volume and tone of their voice. 　3　 Hand gestures that normally accompany talking may occur with less frequency. Arm and leg movements may also be fewer. It seems that liars would become more concentrated on telling the lie, so they get quieter in their bodies.
Ask questions—quickly.
If you suspect you’re being lied to, try this technique, which experts say can trip up a liar. Try asking questions quickly—one after the other. “The first lie is easy,” explains Kang Lee, professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education’s Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development. “　4　 When you continue to ask questions and put people on the spot, it gets harder to maintain the lie.”
Check for emotional “leaks”.
Micro-expressions often show a person’s real thoughts. If you were to watch people very closely on videotape, you would see them showing their true emotion just before they show the fake expression designed to cover up the lie. But these extremely brief facial movements, some only lasting a quarter of a second, aren’t easy to spot. 　5　 And intentional liars tend to add other expressions, like smiling, to hide a lie.
So here’s hoping that the next time someone throws a lie your way, you’ll know just how to catch it.
A. Listen to the voices.
B. Get better at body language.
C. The follow-up lie is more difficult.
D. Interestingly, people who are lying often become more still.
E. Even professionals trained in lie detection can’t always tell them apart.
F. In some cultures, it’s considered inappropriate to maintain eye contact.
G. Lies occur between friends, teachers and students, husbands and wives.
1. 　2. 　3. 　4.
5.
Ⅶ.语法填空
We often use body language 　1　 (express) our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
Making eye contact in some countries 　2　 (be) a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is rude or disrespectful. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who sees another person 　3　 (employ) the gesture will think it means money. In France, a person seeing an 　4　 (identity) gesture will interpret it as zero. In Brazil and Germany, however, the gesture is rude. Even the gestures for “yes” and “no” 　5　 (different) around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. In Bulgaria, 　6　 comparison, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.
　7　 there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal. Perhaps the best example of 　8　 (universal) understood body language is the smile. A smile can help us get through difficulties and find friends in 　9　 world of strangers. A smile can also break down 　10　 (barrier). And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P61]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He offered his (assess) of the damage, which is only a framework.　
2. Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the left hand over the right and bow (slight).
3. We all (摆好姿势) for our photographs next to the Great Wall.
4. The branch (bend) but didn’t break when the boy climbed along it.
5. In (compare) with the French, the British eat far less fish.
6. He resigned from the company in order to take a more (challenge) job.
7. Only after the (冲突) happened was I conscious of her unfriendliness.　
8. Early (trial) have shown that the treatment has some serious side effects.
9. Tom is hardly distinguishable from his (双胞胎) brother.
10. It’s not difficult to understand this world when you master the (内部的) relations of things.
11. He straightened , wiping his hand on his trousers.
12. The woman has stopped crying; other words, she calmed down.
13. Language games are usually intended to encourage student (interact).
14. It’s (embarrass) to be caught telling a lie.
15. Let me give you a (demonstrate) of how the camera works.
16. Eating boiled potatoes instead of chips was his only (姿态) towards healthy eating.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——动词-ing形式作宾语或表语
1. 单句语法填空
(1)Poems which had seemed dull and (bore) suddenly came to life.
(2)The bird narrowly escaped (shoot) by the hunter.
(3)It can be very (satisfy) to work in the garden.
(4)Do you feel like (have) a walk with me after supper
(5)My father suggested (read) more books in my spare time.
(6)To avoid (see) by the teacher, Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
(7)Have you considered (build) a house in the countryside
(8)Some of the children are shy and they have difficulty in (make) friends.
(9)The book I’m reading now is really (engage).
(10)The activity they enjoy most is (play) basketball.
2. 根据汉语意思,完成下列句子
(1)我记得在聚会上见过她。
I remember her at the party.
(2)你应该避免再犯同样的错误。
You should avoid the same mistakes again.
(3)我的爱好是收集不同国家的邮票。
My hobby is stamps from different countries.
(4)当这个人看完信后,他看着他的朋友。
After the man finished , he looked at his friend.
(5)李明一直梦想着将来可以自己创业。
Li Ming has always been dreaming of in the future.
(6)尽管我是一个残疾人,但我在生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。
While I’m a disabled man, I always enjoy in my daily life.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Clara Daly was seated on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when a flight attendant (服务员) asked an urgent question over the loudspeaker, “Does anyone on board know American Sign Language ” Clara, 15, 　1　 the call button. The flight attendant came by and explained the situation. “We have a passenger on the plane who’s 　2　 and deaf,” she said. The passenger seemed to want something, but he was travelling alone and the flight attendants couldn’t 　3　 what he needed.
Clara had been studying ASL for the past year and was able to finger spell on the man’s hand. So she 　4　 her seat belt, walked toward the front of the plane, and 　5　 by the seat of the passenger, Tim Cook. Gently taking his hand, she 　6　,“How are you Are you OK ” Tim asked for some water. When it arrived, Clara returned to her seat. She came again a bit later because Tim wanted to know the 　7　. Clara got him to know that it was nearly 10 a.m. On her third 　8　, she stopped and stayed for a while.
“Wow, this is cool,” Clara said to the flight attendant. “In fact, he didn’t need anything. He was just 　9　 and wanted to talk.”
So for the next hour, they were both 　10　, chatting with each other. She talked about her family and her 　11　 for the future (she wants to be a politician). Tim told Clara how he had 　12　 become blind over time and 　13　 stories of his days as a travelling salesman.
“Clara was caring,” the flight attendant told reporters during an online 　14　. “You could see Tim was very excited to have someone he could communicate with, and Clara was like a(n) 　15　, appearing in need, unexpectedly.”
( )1. A. put B. pressed
C. made D. covered
( )2. A. cold　　 B. mad　
C. blind D. sick
( )3. A. believe　 B. notice
C. accept D. understand
( )4. A. left B. tied　
C. unfastened　　 D. broke
( )5. A. stood up　 B. bent over　
C. lay down D. turned over
( )6. A. shook　　 B. wrote
C. shouted D. whispered
( )7. A. job　　 B. flight
C. seat D. time
( )8. A. trip　 B. chat　
C. letter D. visit
( )9. A. terrified　　 B. thirsty
C. lonely　 D. delighted
( )10. A. displeased　 B. regretful　
C. relaxed　 D. lucky
( )11. A. courses　 B. plans
C. doubts　 D. problems
( )12. A. generally　 B. immediately　
C. increasingly　 D. gradually
( )13. A. shared　　 B. forgot
C. repeated　 D. complained
( )14. A. interview　 B. job　
C. lesson　　 D. opportunity
( )15. A. attendant　 B. angel
C. student D. dancer
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
Many people believe that language belongs to human beings. However, cats have developed a language not for each other, but for the human beings who have them as pets.
When communicating with each other, cats “talk” with a system of signals. Their tails, rather than any kind of “speech”, act as an important way to express themselves. They also touch each other to express their feelings. With other cats, they will use their voice only to express pain. Unbelievably, all of that changes when a human walks into the room. Cats use many different kinds of vocal (声音的) expressions when they communicate with the person. Since these vocal expressions are not used to communicate with other cats, it seems that cats developed this “language” to communicate with their human owners.
This fact is shown more clearly when observing rooms that have only one cat and those with several cats. And an only cat is usually very vocal, since the only creature around with whom the cat can communicate is its owner. Cats with other cats, though, are much quieter. If they want to have a conversation, they only need to go to other cats and communicate in their natural way.
Since cats learnt to meow (喵喵叫) for the only purpose of communicating with human owners, the owners should take the time to learn what their different meows mean. If an owner knows, to name just a few examples, which meow means the cat is hungry, which means the cat wants to be petted, and which means the cat wants to have a little “conversation”, the relationship between cats and owners will be closer.
( )1. If a cat among other cats finds part of its body hurts, it may express its pain with its . 　
A. tail　 B. eyes　
C. voice　 D. head
( )2. When a human enters a room full of cats, they .
A. begin to use vocal expressions
B. use their tails to show love
C. stop making any noise
D. stop communicating with each other
( )3. What are cat owners advised to do
A. Encourage cats to talk with each other.
B. Communicate more with cats.
C. Learn to meow in different ways.
D. Teach cats to understand human language.
( )4. What is the text mainly about
A. Communication among cats.
B. Pets’ different expressions.
C. Advice on keeping pets.
D. The language of cats.
B
We all know that a powerful body posture (姿势) may help people feel more confident. But will it work on students A new study by researchers from the Martin Luther University (MLU) of Halle-Wittenberg was carried out to find the connection. And it does provide evidence that simple body postures can help students feel better in school.
Some body postures don’t need further explanation. When a man sits with his arms crossed behind his head, resting his feet on a table, he is probably feeling very self-confident. Arms folded in front of one’s body and a bent back, on the other hand, typically mean anxiety and insecurity (不安全感). “Body language is not just about expressing feelings, it can also have a great influence on how a person feels,” explains Robert K rner from the Institute of Psychology at MLU.
Research on powerful body postures tries to find out the extent to which a certain body posture might influence a person’s feelings and self-confidence. Up to now, most of the research has been about studying the effects on adults. K rner’s study is the first to examine children. “Children from the age of five are able to recognise and understand the body postures of others,” the professor adds.
The researchers carried out their experiment with 108 fourth graders. One group was asked to assume (装出) two open postures for one minute each. The other group posed with their arms folded in front of them and their heads down. The children then finished a series of psychological tests. The children who had assumed an open posture showed better moods and reported higher self-confidence than the children in the other group. The effects were particularly manifest when it came to questions concerning school. “Here, powerful body postures had the strongest effect on the children’s self-confidence,” says K rner.
“Teachers could try and see whether this method helps their students.” However, K rner states that expectations about this technique should be mild. The effects were only short-term. Serious problems or mental illness must be treated by trained professionals.
( )5. Which of the following shows a person may feel uneasy according to Paragraph 2
A. One rests his head on the table.
B. One seldom moves his feet in a conversation.
C. One folds his arms before his body with a bent back.
D. One crosses his arms behind his head and lies on the sofa.
( )6. What is the new research on powerful body postures mainly about
A. What the most popular postures are.
B. How children’s postures differ from adults’.
C. Why body language can express a person’s feelings.
D. What effects postures have on students’ feelings.
( )7. What does the underlined word “manifest” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Strange. B. Obvious.
C. Unclear. D. Manageable.
( )8. What is K rner’s attitude to teachers’ applying the findings in teaching
A. Worried. B. Doubtful.
C. Objective. D. Supportive.
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P65]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. That (educate) published many articles in these magazines.
2. There is a growing (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
3. Can you (调低) those bright lights a little The light is too strong.
4. She (暗示) that she knew more than that she had told the reporters.
5. The reading room seems to be always well (occupy).
6. When he visited the big city for the first time, all he could do was to stare the tall buildings in wonder.
7. We can (察觉) his sorrow by the looks on his face.
8. It’s important to distinguish fact fiction.
9. Her (anxious) about the science test increased as it grew nearer.
10. The soldier received a serious wound the chest.
11. She was when they asked an question. Her upset them very much. (embarrass)
12. He didn’t even bother (say) thank you, which made his mother (shame).
13. They are not (mere) content to fill the stomach.
14. She had a conflict her best friend just now, making her (哭泣) sadly.
15. Could you (阐释) the first point please I don’t understand it completely.
16. (最终), he’d like to have his own business but that won’t be for some time.
17. He’s colour-blind and can’t (区分) between red and green easily.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
call on　　　 wear a frown
at work an absence of
as though have a tendency to
react to get the most out of
1. Don’t take your troubles to your family.
2. She walked into the room , clearly bothered by something.
3. Humans tend to regard ourselves we are the only species on the planet and certainly the only one that matters.
4. There is light in the room, making it difficult to see.
5. You need to your study time to achieve good grades.
6. We were alarmed at the way in which John the drug.
7. I felt quite nervous when the teacher me to answer the question.
8. He overthink things.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★ occupy vt.占据;占用 occupied adj.没空闲的;忙碌的 occupier n.占用者;居住者 occupation n.占用;职业
A large picture of the battle of Waterloo occupied the space above the fireplace.
一幅描绘滑铁卢战役的巨幅画作占据了壁炉上方的空间。
【归纳拓展】
occupy oneself in doing…/with…
专心于……;忙于……
keep sb occupied使某人忙碌
【即学即练】
(1)在“职业”一栏里她写了“警察”。
In the space marked “ ” she wrote “police officer”.
(2)他仍在全身心地忙着写报告。
He’s still fully writing his report.
(3)Jerry 一整天都在忙着做实验,他甚至没有时间和家人一起吃饭。
all day, Jerry couldn’t even have time for a meal with his family.
2. ★ tendency n.(思想、行为等的)倾向;趋势;(事情发展的)倾向 tend vi.倾向;趋于;往往会 vt.照顾;照料;护理
People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.
人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。
【归纳拓展】
(have) a tendency to do… 倾向于做……
tend to… 往往会……;易于去……
【即学即练】
(1)他喜欢夸张是出了名的。
His exaggerate is well known.
(2)越来越多的人倾向于把金钱看得重于生活质量。
There is 　regard money more highly than quality of life.
(3)在我国这个地区,往往冬季寒冷而夏季温暖干燥。
We have cold winters and warm, dry summers in this part of the country.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句:With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.
点睛:“with 复合结构”是一个重要的语法结构,它在句中主要作状语,表示伴随、原因、条件等多种语义。“with复合结构”的基本构成是 with+宾语+宾语补足语,其宾语补足语可以由形容词、副词、介词短语及非谓语动词等多种成分来充当。
【即学即练】
1. 有许多工作要做,他今晚不能去参加聚会了。
, he can’t go to the party tonight.
2. 显然,她喜欢一个人待在自己的房间里看书, 桌子上放着很多水果。
It is obvious that she likes to stay in her room alone, reading books, .
3. 灯亮着,我们能够在房间里看得很清楚。
, we could see clearly in the room.
4. 由于门开着,冷风灌进了屋里。
, the cold wind blew into the room.
5. 由于物价飞涨,我们买不起那些昂贵的商品。
, we can’t afford those expensive goods.
6. 我的头卡在大南瓜里,我的心狂跳不止,我感到快要窒息了。
in the huge pumpkin,my heart beat wildly and I felt nearly suffocated.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
I was born and raised in Minnesota, the USA, but as an adult I have mostly lived in Europe and Africa. I teach cross-cultural management at the International Business School near Paris. For the last 15 years, I’ve studied how people in different parts of the world build trust, communicate, and make decisions especially in the workplace.
While travelling in Tokyo recently with a colleague, I gave a short talk to a group of 20 managers. At the end, I asked whether there were any questions or comments. No hands went up, so I went to sit down. My colleague whispered to me, “I think there actually were some comments, Erin. Do you mind if I try ” I agreed, but I guessed it would be a waste of breath. He asked the group again, “Any comments or questions ”
Still, no one raised a hand, but this time he looked very carefully at each person in the silent audience. Gesturing to one of them, he said, “Do you have something to add ” To my amazement, she responded, “Yes, thank you.” and asked me a very interesting question. My colleague repeated this several times, looking directly at the audience and asking for more questions or comments.
After the session, I asked my colleague, “How did you know that those people had questions ” He hesitated, not sure how to explain it, and then said, “It has to do with how bright their eyes are.”
He continued, “In Japan, we don’t make as much direct eye contact as you do in the West. So when you asked if there were any comments, most people were not looking directly at you. But a few people in the group were looking right at you, and their eyes were bright. That indicates that they would be happy to have you call on them.”
I thought to myself I would never have learnt from my upbringing in Minnesota. Since then, I try to focus on understanding behaviour in other cultures I encounter, and keep finding the bright eyes in the room.
( )1. What can we conclude from the first paragraph
A. Life in Minnesota has made the author worn out. 　
B. The author enjoys travelling around the world.
C. Different cultures are kind of familiar to the author.
D. The author may start his own business in the future.
( )2. Hearing the colleague whispering, the author 　　　　. 　
A. went back to his seat and got seated
B. knew his colleague had some questions
C. owed a big debt of gratitude to his colleague
D. thought his colleague would get nowhere
( )3. Where does the author’s colleague probably come from
A. America. B. England.
C. Japan. D. France.
( )4. What is the best title for the passage
A. Looking at Another Culture in the Eye
B. Focusing on Behaviour in Cultures
C. Admiring the Beauty in the Eye
D. Sharing Different Cultures in Tokyo
Ⅵ.阅读七选五
Everyone can benefit from better communication. 　1　 Of course, we know that isn’t true, but this shouldn’t stop you improving your communication skills. Here are a few tips to help you become a better communicator.
　　●　2　
Verbal language is only one part of the communication—body language is another. If you ever want to know how to tell if someone is lying, body language is the answer. Your body language tells other people what you aren’t verbally saying: if you are anxious, confident, confused, angry or in any other type of emotion or state of mind. If you become good at reading body language, it will help you become a better communicator.
●Listen to others.
Before you ever begin to speak, take a minute to see if anyone else has something to say. 　3　 Listening to others has many benefits, such as allowing you to learn new things or get information that you may later need.
●Think before you speak.
Your parents probably told you this when you were young, but many people still do not take a moment to think about the words they are about to say. 　4　 There is a time and place for all words and tones of voice.
　5　 You will have to practise your communication skills before you can ever become an excellent communicator.
A. This is not an overnight thing.
B. Singing a song for them is good.
C. Become fluent in body language.
D. Don’t try to make the conversation go your way.　
E. You should decide what you want to get in a conversation before you choose your words.
F. If you are too anxious, you can’t look for the right body language to use in communication.
G. In fact, if everybody were an excellent communicator, the world would be a much better place.
1. 　2. 　3. 　4.
5.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P69]
Ⅰ. 完形填空
It may be difficult to understand nonverbal messages because different cultures have different expectations about eye contact, physical 　1　, etc.
Let’s consider eye contact. Children from many Latin American and Asian 　2　show respect by avoiding the glance of important persons. A teacher who’s unfamiliar with this, however, might consider the lack of eye contact as a sign of 　3　. For many American Indian children, looking a teacher in the eye and answering her question in front of the class is “showing off”.
Culture greatly 　4　 attitudes towards physical contact, whether it’s a handshake, hug, or pat on the back. In Asia, female friends 　5　 hold hands and men casually hug one another as they walk down the street. Americans, however, may feel 　6　 with such public behaviour. In some Asian cultures, affectionately patting an adult’s head is strictly taboo (禁忌的), 　7　 it can be acceptable behaviour between adults and young children.
How 　8　 should people stand to each other when they’re having a conversation In areas of the Middle East and South America, people stand very close when 　9　. Europeans like to have more distance between them, while some Africans 　10　 even more space. You can 　11　 great discomfort by standing too close to another person. Not being 　12　 of this can even prevent someone from understanding or 　13　 the ideas you’re trying to get across.
To create a positive environment for communication, your nonverbal message must closely 　14　 your verbal message. One way to do this is to carefully observe how children and families speak and 　15　 around each other and with people they respect. This can provide clues about the true meaning of their nonverbal interactions.
( )1. A. exercise　 B. touch
C. education D. strength
( )2. A. schools　 B. villages
C. homelands　 D. cultures
( )3. A. disrespect　 B. idea
C. danger D. disappointment
( )4. A. influences　 B. supports
C. observes D. reduces
( )5. A. never B. often　
C. seldom　 D. sometimes
( )6. A. pleased　　 B. comfortable　
C. mad　　 D. uncomfortable
( )7. A. because　　 B. although
C. unless D. if
( )8. A. far　 B. closely　
C. properly D. close
( )9. A. talking　　 B. eating　
C. waiting D. listening
( )10. A. hate B. prefer　
C. wish D. dream
( )11. A. change　　 B. expect　
C. create D. accept
( )12. A. afraid　　 B. ashamed
C. proud D. aware
( )13. A. suggesting　 B. considering　
C. refusing D. accepting
( )14. A. pass B. explain
C. match D. prepare
( )15. A. talk B. behave
C. use　 D. look
Ⅱ. 书面表达
读后续写
文体感知
读后续写要求学生首先对原文进行阅读,然后进行联想和续写。学生在阅读时要注意两个方面:
第一,要了解文章主旨大意、逻辑结构、故事的六要素(时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过及结果)及情节发展趋势等;
第二,要注意给出的两个首句,确定续写文段的逻辑关系。与此同时,也要注意词数,控制在150词左右,建议两段的长短大体一致。
【素材】
Sally had anxiety disorder trouble that made her fail to speak in social situations. I’m a nurse and use Bella to help children in my community, to bring them comfort and confidence the way only a dog can. I thought back to the day when I’d first brought Bella to the school.
That morning in January, her teacher led us to a room. “Sally hasn’t spoken outside her home in two years,” she told me. “Her parents have taken her to doctors, but nothing has worked.” A little girl stood shyly just inside the doorway. Her eyes brightened when she noticed my dog.
“This is Bella,” I said. “She does tricks. Would you like to see ”
Sally nodded. I motioned with my hand. Bella lay down and then rolled over. Sally’s eyes lit up. I showed Sally the hand signals for various commands. She was a natural with Bella, maybe because she couldn’t rely on the spoken word herself. Bella sensed that and responded. Soon Sally was able to put Bella through her paces all on her own. I could see her standing taller, more sure of herself each time we met.
One morning in March when she was working with Bella, I heard a tiny voice, barely a whisper, “Good dog.” Sally didn’t take her eyes off Bella, but I wanted to jump for joy. Sally spoke a little more each week, only to Bella at first, but then to me. Later, she started giving voice commands with her hand signals and her confidence rose.
Now, five-year-old Sally stood nervously in front of her kindergarten class, with Bella, my trained dog, sitting calmly by her side. All the eyes of her classmates were focused on Sally. They were waiting for her to speak. It was June—only one week of school left—but they had never heard her voice. Not once.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
But not a word came out. ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The next week, she told me she wanted to try again, looking up at me with determination.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　　
【审题谋篇】
主旨大意:
文章作者是一名护士,会用专门训练过的小狗Bella帮助社区的孩子们获得快乐、慰藉和信心。Sally是个患有焦虑症的孩子,两年以来,她离开家就没有说过话,看医生也没有作用。作者带着Bella去学校看望 Sally,她一下子就喜欢上了Bella。在Bella的帮助下, Sally慢慢地开始说话了。在学期结束前的一周,Sally想努力克服障碍,在课堂上发言。
思考过程:
1. 学生需站在作者的角度,写出Sally在课堂上说话的过程。人称应以第三人称为主,第一人称为辅。时态以一般过去时为主。
2. 根据续写第一段的开头语可知,Sally未能成功地在课堂上当着同学们的面说出话,该段需要描写出Sally想要在课堂上当着所有同学的面说话时的表现。
3. 再结合续写第二段的开头语可知,Sally的第二次尝试可能成功了。请使用分词短语作状语的用法来描写Sally当时的细微动作和心理活动,或反复使用简单句,凸显Sally从紧张、犹豫到下定决心要突破自我的过程。
【妙笔成篇】
范文:
Paragraph 1:
But not a word came out.
Paragraph 2:
The next week, she told me she wanted to try again, looking up at me with determination.
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P72]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.+-ion→n.　v.+-ive→adj.
interact→ n.互动;交流→ adj.互动的
react→ n.反应;回应→ adj.有反应的
communicate→ n. 交流→ adj.健谈的
elect→ n.选举;推选→ adj.选举的
conduct→ n.传导;输送→ adj. 传导性的
select→ n.挑选;选拔→ adj.选择性的
2. v.+-al→n.
approve→ n.批准;赞成
remove→ n.移动;去除;开除　
arrive→ n.到达　
survive→ n.幸存　　
3. v.+-ence→n.
differ→ n.不同
refer→ n.提到;涉及;参考;查阅
occur→ n.发生;出现
exist→ n.存在
prefer→ n.偏爱;爱好
interfere→ n.干涉;干预;介入
4. v.+-able→adj.
rely→ adj.可信赖的
avail→ adj.可获得的
move→ adj.可移动的
adapt→ adj.有适应能力的
adjust→ adj.可调节的
drink→ adj.可饮用的
5. v.(-fy结尾)+-ication→n.
clarify→ n.澄清;阐明　
justify→ n.正当理由
identify→ n.鉴定;辨认;确认
classify→ n.分类;归类　
qualify→ n.资格;资历
6. v.+-ment→n.
assess→ n.评价;评估
embarrass→ n.尴尬
adjust→ n.调节;调整
amuse→ n.娱乐
appoint→ n.约会;任命
entertain→ n.娱乐;款待
7. v.+oneself+in doing→及物动词短语
occupy oneself in doing
employ oneself in doing
【v.+oneself+in doing短语拓展】
absorb oneself in doing
lose oneself in doing
engage oneself in doing
bury onself in doing
8. call+prep./adv.→及物动词短语
call on
call for
call in
【call+prep./adv.短语拓展】
call off
call up
call by
9. break+prep./adv.→动词短语
break down
break up
break in
【break+prep./adv.短语拓展】
break away
break into
break off
break out
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. Ocean colour (不同) from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton (浮游植物).
2. You needn’t bother (explain) because we believe in you.
3. Teachers are always showing special (偏爱) to the students who are diligent and active in class.
4. Workers (反应) angrily to the latest news of more job losses at the factory.
5. I saw three camp beds, two of which (occupy).
6. Animals adjust themselves their environment.
7. The chairman has also given his (approve) to an investigation into the sea.
8. Because a college community differs the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.
9. Mother’s love is beyond (compare) and nothing can replace it in the world.
10. For the past three years he has been employed a firefighter.
11. She’s one of those authors who have a (tend) to overwrite.
12. I like the (对比) of the white trousers with the black jacket.
13. Luckily, I was spared the (embarrass) of having to sing in front of everyone.
14. The school invited a (distinguish) professor to give a lecture.
15. The pilots at the air show put on a very fine (demonstrate) of aerobatic skill.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 新建的工厂雇用了600多名工人,这在一定程度上解决了当地的就业问题。老板对员工很和蔼,从来不带着愤怒的情绪和他们交谈,所以他们都认为他是一个可靠的人,并支持他的管理。他总是想出适当的方法打破他和工人之间的隔阂,并利用一切可能的方式与他们互动。他是如此体贴,很少让他们感到尴尬,而且非常关心他们,经常询问他们的生活情况。
The newly-built factory more than 600 workers, which to some extent solves the local problem. The is very kind to the and has never talked with them , so they all think he is a person and are his management. He always thinks of ways to between him and his workers and every possible way to them. He is so considerate that he has seldom made them and he cares about them very much, frequently their lives.
2. Tom和Peter是孪生兄弟。他们的外表如此相似,以至有时他们的老师和同学都很难区分他们。但事实上,他们的性格不同。Tom性格开朗,他倾向于用语言与人交流。相比之下,Peter略显害羞,他总是用微笑或一些手势来打招呼。
Tom and Peter are brothers. They are so in appearance that sometimes their teachers and classmates find it difficult to . But in fact, they character. Tom is outgoing and he people with words. , Peter is shy, who always greets others with a smile or some .
3. 一天,数学课上发生了一件小事。老师注意到Mary盯着天花板,这表明她走神儿了,没有注意听课。于是他叫她回答一个简单的问题。不知道老师问了什么,Mary低下了头,觉得很惭愧,几乎哭了起来。下课后,她急忙地去办公室向老师道歉。令她吃惊的是,老师并没有责备她,只是说了几句鼓励的话。最后,她弯下腰,向老师低头鞠躬,并承诺不再那样做了。
One day, an happened in maths class. The teacher noticed Mary at the ceiling, which that she was and didn’t . So he her to answer a simple question. what the teacher had asked, she her head, felt so that she almost began to . After class, she went to the office to apologise to the teacher. To her surprise, he didn’t scold her, to say a few words of encouragement. , she and low to her teacher and promised never to do that again.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. We made the right choice. It’s fun (spend) the holiday at the beach.
2. She spent four weeks which she could afford (tour) around the country, promoting her new album.
3. He has admitted (not keep) his word, which makes others unable to believe him anymore.
4. I regret (not spend) more time with my grandma before she passed away.
5. He has dreamt of (form) a band since he was young.
6. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape (catch) by the police.
7. The young trees we planted last week require (look) after with great care.
8. (be) so happy, many of us could not go to sleep that night.　
9. I ran faster than ever, (reach) the schoolyard out of breath.
10. With much work (do), I can’t go out with you tonight.　
Ⅴ. 语言运用
假定你是李华,你校外教Lan分配给你一个任务:以“Body Language”为主题设计一项课堂活动。请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍你的设计,内容包括:
1. 活动方式;
2. 设计意图。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
范文:

展开更多......

收起↑