资源简介

Unit 5　Working the Land
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P75]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The two groups of children have quite different (characteristic). 　
2. The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to (实现) it.
3. After a few (convention) opening remarks, he made a brilliant speech.
4. This failure teaches me the cruelty of (intensity) competition.
5. There are many ways of (tackle) this problem.
6. We have a family (危机) on my hands—my 10-year-old dog is missing.
7. The company is looking for ways to (提高)sales in Asia, its biggest market.
8. As a nation, our (consume) of junk food is horrifying.
9. There’s a (short) of food and shelter in the refugee camps.
10. People tend to make (assume) about you when you have a disability.
11. Sadly, his reforms opened up a Pandora’s box of (国内的) problems.
12. The success of her book has given her unexpected (名望) status.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
devote…to…　　　　 be comprised of
depend on　 far from
deep down　 succeed in
care for　 open up
fulfil one’s dream　 at heart
1. The committee representatives from both the public and private sectors.
2. He decided to the rest of his life scientific investigation.
3. This play is a success, due to the famous actress’ absence.
4. The first child in the world to undergo a double hand transplant has been able to of swinging a baseball bat.
5. It was the second time we holding such important parties.
6. he was as frightened as you were. But on the surface, he pretended to be calm.
7. The suggestion that they raised at the meeting was that it was about time that we a branch in town as the first step of our expansion.
8. I have got my baby well taken care of recently, and I’m going to have Jenny it tomorrow.
9. He had dozens of friends, but he was a private person .
10. Everyone may it that it won’t happen again with these reassuring measures.
Ⅲ. 核心单词
★ convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服 convincing adj. 令人信服的;有说服力的 convinced adj. 确信的;信服的
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平坚信,可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。　
【归纳拓展】
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
be convinced (that) 确信;坚信
【即学即练】
1. 这本书的结局难以令人信服。
The end of the book wasn’t very .
2. 她的丈夫并没有被她关于他们需要一个更大房子的论点说服。
Her husband was not by her argument that they needed a bigger house.
3. 她使我相信学习第二语言的重要性。
She of learning a second language.
4. 我坚信努力工作会有回报。
I hard work pays off.
5. 他说服他的父母给他买一辆新自行车。
He him a new bicycle.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句:Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
点睛:it is estimated that 意为“据估算”,it 为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的that 从句。具有类似用法的动词还有:say、 know、 believe、 suppose、 think等。
be comprised of 意为 “由……组成”,具有相同意思的结构还有:be composed of、 be made up of、 consist of 等等。
【即学即练】
(1)估计在这次地震中伤亡人数可能过万。
the number of casualties may run to more than ten thousand in the earthquake.
(2)委员会由来自各界的20个代表组成。
The committee 20 representatives from all walks of life.
=The committee 20 representatives from all walks of life.
=The committee 20 representatives from all walks of life.
=The committee 20 representatives from all walks of life.
2. 原句:Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
点睛:given that…意为“假定;如果;考虑到;鉴于”,可以引导原因状语从句。given为介词也可表示“鉴于;考虑到”,具有类似用法的还有considering。
【即学即练】
(1)要是对这些树多加注意,它们会长得更好。
, the trees could have grown better.
(2)考虑到他们缺乏经验,这份工作他们已经干得很不错了。
, they have done a good job.
(3)考虑到他的年龄,他已是相当活跃了。
, he is remarkably active.
(4)考虑到是节假日,公园里人山人海也就不足为奇了。
, it is not a surprise that the parks are crowded.
(5)考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼,校长已决定增加更多的体育课。
, the head teacher has decided to add more PE classes.
(6)鉴于她对小孩非常感兴趣,我敢肯定教书是最适合她的职业。
, teaching seems to be the right job for her.(简单句)
, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.(复合句)
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
A
Seawater Rice Test Yield Holds
Promise for Harsh Lands
By Mao Weihua and Zheng Caixiong in Urumqi | chinadaily. | Updated:2019-11-19 17∶01
The seawater rice, developed by agricultural scientist Yuan Longping and his team, achieved a theoretical yield of 546.74 kilograms per mu (0.07 hectares) in a paddy in Yopurga County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
The figure was announced after a strict and public evaluation last month by a production testing expert group, which consisted of four renowned rice experts.
Yuan Longping’s research team, which started planting rice in the saline-alkali (盐碱) field in 2018, expanded their experimental rice field to more than 20 hectares this year in the county, located near China’s largest desert, the Taklimakan.
The rice output from the experimental rice field indicated that the saline-alkali land could be transformed into good rice fields in three to five years, said Wang Qi, an expert with Yuan Longping’s research team.
The trial plot to grow the seawater rice is of a heavy saline-alkali nature, with salinity coming to more than 17 per 1,000 parts and the pH value reaching over 8.0, but the seawater rice has the effect of improving the soil and reducing the saline-alkali content, Wang said.
( )1. Who reported the news
A. Wang Qi.
B. Yuan Longping.
C. Yuan Longping’s research team.
D. Mao Weihua and Zheng Caixiong.
( )2. What’s the advantage of seawater rice
A. It achieved a yield of 546.74 kg per hectare.
B. It can be planted in the saline-alkali field.
C. It doesn’t need so much sunlight.
D. It can be planted everywhere.
( )3. When did the seawater rice begin to be planted in Xinjiang by Yuan Longping and his team
A. Last month.
B. In 2018.
C. In November, 2019.
D. In October.
( )4. Where does this passage probably come from
A. A guide book.
B. A TV programme.
C. A website.
D. A textbook.
B
There is a strong smell that comes off Ratna Raju’s farm in the southeastern Andhra Pradesh state of India. The smell comes from a mixture of natural materials, like cow waste and untreated sugar. The natural materials help grow and protect crops in an area often hit by extreme weather and heat.
Farmers like Raju say natural materials protect their crops from climate change because the soil can hold more water. And they stress the crops’ stronger roots help plants deal with strong winds. Supporters say natural farming is successful in the state because of government support. Now, these methods should be spread across India’s agricultural lands. Without government support for natural farming, most Indian farmers still use farm chemicals and fertilizers. That puts them at risk when extreme weather hits. Many farmers are calling for greater state investment to help them deal with climate change.
Last December, a storm brought heavy rainfall across India’s southeastern coast. It flooded towns and fields. Early studies showed more than 240,000 hectares of crops were destroyed in Andhra Pradesh state.
Raju said the rainwater on their farms flowed into the ground in one day. The soil can take in more water because it is less solid than soil with farm chemicals. Soil with farm chemicals is dry. He added that planting different crops throughout the year helped keep the soil healthy. However, Raju’s neighbour, Srikanth Kanapala, said his farm was flooded for four days after the storm. Kanapala often uses farm chemicals and fertilizers on his farm. And he said seeing Raju’s crops held strong while his crops failed made him want to learn about other farming methods.
Kanapala expected a potential financial hemorrhage of up to $600 as a consequence of the storm, a sum that constituted a significant economic burden for a farmer in India. “For the next planting season, I plan to learn from other farmers to give up farm chemicals,” he said.
( )5. What drives the expansion of natural farming in India
A. The limited farms.
B. The climate impact on crops.
C. The increased use of chemicals.
D. The reduction of fertilizers.
( )6. What can be inferred about farm chemicals from Paragraph 4
A. They help crops grow strong roots.
B. They enhance soil’s water absorption.
C. They ensure soil remains consistently wet.
D. They make crops less resistant to the storm.
( )7. What does the underlined word “hemorrhage” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Loss.
B. Increase.
C. Benefit.
D. Aid.
( )8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Chemicals: Harming Indian Farms
B. Storms: a Threat to Indian Farmers
C. Natural Farming: an Answer to Extreme Weather
D. Indian Agriculture: Facing the Effect of Climate Change
Ⅵ.语法填空
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice” is 　1　 leading figure in rice-growing world. His sunburnt face, arms and slim 　2　 strong body are just like those of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
Born in 1930, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. 　3　 concerned him most was that farmers often had poor 　4　 (harvest) and even would suffer from food shortage. 　5　 (convince) that he could find ways to increase the rice output without 　6　 (expand) the area of fields, Yuan 　7　 (overcome) enormous technical difficulties to develop the hybrid rice.
Today, it is established that about 60% of domestic rice consumption in China 　8　 (generate) from Yuan’s hybrid strains. Thanks to his research, people have more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
Although his hybrids have made him wealthy, Yuan cares little for celebrity or wealth. Instead, he makes large donations to support 　9　 (agriculture) research. What impresses people most is that Yuan has the ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. 　10　 his advanced years, Yuan is still young at heart and full of vision, and we are expecting what he will dream up next.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P79]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He prefers rural life to (城市的) life.
2. The city (bomb) heavily during the war.
3. When applying for a visa (extend), state simply and clearly the reasons why you need it.
4. She will be remembered for her selfless (devote) to the cause.
5. Unfortunately, a big nose is a family (character).
6. Her latest film has (引起) a lot of interest.
7. He (overcome) all obstacles in his path to the top.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——主语从句
1. 单句语法填空
(1)It is a fact English is being accepted as an international language.
(2) they would support us or not still remained a problem.
(3) you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
(4) surprised us most was that her works of art soon became famous and were on display in the British Museum.
(5)Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(6) is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
(7)When and where we will have the sports meeting (decide) already.
(8)It has been announced the next meeting will take place next Monday.
(9) we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken.
(10)We lost our way in the forest, and made matters worse was that it was getting dark.
2. 根据汉语意思,完成下列句子
(1)我们最欣赏的是你们有很强的团队精神。
was that you had a strong teamwork spirit.
(2)飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。
has not been announced.
(3)光比声音传播得快,这是众所周知的事。
is known to all.
(4)他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们所有人感到惊讶。
in such a short time surprised us all.
(5)谁要当我们的班长还没有决定。
hasn’t been decided yet.
(6)他在化学方面有一个非常重要的发现是真的。
he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
As a banker, Chip Paillex had never planted so much until he moved to rural Pittstown, New Jersey, seven years ago. 　1　 by farms, he quickly became interested in growing and rented a 30-by-30-foot land. One weekend, he 　2　 tomatoes, potatoes and eggplants—enough to feed his family for the summer.
He ended up with so much 　3　 that he couldn’t give it away. Thus he found a local food 　4　, and by the time he delivered his last harvest, he had donated 120 pounds of fresh vegetables.
The following year, with a handful of 　5　 from his church and a memorable name “America’s Grow-a-Row”, Paillex planted, 　6　, and harvested 1,500 pounds of vegetables, all of which he donated to food banks. Later he had more volunteers, rent more land and donated more vegetables.
Paillex also 　7　 local school kids. On a 　8　 Friday morning in May, 40 third and fifth graders trooped onto a freshly plowed field, each 　9　 with a spade. Squatting or kneeling in teams of two, they loosened the dirt, then carefully 　10　 the plants. Several rows later, they eagerly lined up to seed corn under a hot midmorning sun. Nobody 　11　.
“The 　12　 makes kids know there are people in need,” says Paillex, “and it plants the seed for giving back. When they become tomorrow’s 　13　, it will be much more possible for them to encourage their coworkers and employees to get 　14　 in something like this.”
“Paillex makes people want to help,” says Colleen Duerr, a mother of two who has signed on as an 　15　 “Grow-a-Row” member. “And families love this. Paillex has given us a way to raise our kids with a giving heart.”
( )1. A. Trapped B. Occupied
C. Prevented D. Surrounded
( )2. A. tasted B. planted
C. collected D. wrapped
( )3. A. produce B. advice
C. cost D. equipment
( )4. A. shop B. market
C. bank D. room　
( )5. A. neighbours B. volunteers
C. employees D. tourists
( )6. A. tended B. stored
C. bought D. delivered
( )7. A. refuses B. chooses
C. welcomes D. pushes
( )8. A. rainy B. snowy
C. foggy D. cloudless
( )9. A. armed B. combined
C. filled D. compared
( )10. A. cooked B. counted
C. pulled D. positioned
( )11. A. laughed B. worked
C. complained D. competed
( )12. A. example B. programme
C. lesson D. thought
( )13. A. farmers B. workers
C. leaders D. owners
( )14. A. locked B. involved
C. moved D. turned
( )15. A. unexpected B. unpaid
C. unseen D. unknown
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
Have you ever heard of agritourism where you can experience the farm life If not, Dr Cindy Ayers-Elliott will tell you the real story of Foot Print Farms.
The original concept of building Foot Print Farms was simple. When Ayers-Elliott returned to her hometown after graduation, she didn’t have to look any further than her state’s alarming health statistics to find a mission. Everywhere she turned, there were reports of high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and heart disease. “The problem was already identified,” explains Ayers-Elliott. “Too many Mississippians were seriously unhealthy and it didn’t take research to see that. And many of the state’s greatest health challenges could directly result from poor diet.”
These days, Foot Print Farms, which started with a few raised beds of herbs and vegetables, is making fresh, naturally grown food. “When speaking of the key to my success, the co-op model works because we share the work and rewards,” notes Ayers-Elliott. “A perfect example is the Wingfield High School football team. To earn the money for equipment and other items, players committed to working five hours a week on the farm, and by the end of the summer they produced 1,000 melons and the profits from their sales helped to buy weights, T-shirts, sweat suits and pregame meals. But the lessons they learnt about the rewards of hard work and working together to accomplish something were even more valuable products of their efforts.”
“It’s a model that can easily be learnt in other places and I’m looking forward to seeing some of our current partners do just that—to take what they have learnt here and spin it off in other communities,” Ayers-Elliott remarks. She is now looking forward to developing an agritourism area to farm, where visitors can experience the farm life, learn new skills and take with them seeds of inspiration they can sow in their own communities when they return home.
( )1. What made Ayers-Elliott set up Foot Print Farms
A. The problems faced by local farmers.
B. Her further research into heart disease.
C. The failure of her career after graduation.
D. The health state of people in her hometown.
( )2. Why does the author take the football team as an example
A. To advocate the concept of independence.
B. To stress the importance of teamwork.
C. To support the idea of co-op model.
D. To explore the key to success.
( )3. What is Ayers-Elliott’s attitude towards the future of Foot Print Farms
A. Optimistic.　
B. Skeptical.
C. Cautious.　
D. Ambiguous.
( )4. What is the main idea of the text 　
A. Naturally grown food benefits people’s health.
B. Food Print Farms is making a difference in Mississippi.
C. Ayers-Elliott encourages people to experience the farm life. 　
D. Agritourism is becoming increasingly popular in America.
B
The cotton harvest is about to get underway in the Texas High Plains, the windswept region that grows most of the crop in the nation’s top cotton-producing state. But Barry Evans, a third-generation cotton grower, has already walked away from more than 4 046 square meter of his bone-dry fields. “It just didn’t come up. We hardly had anything,” said Evans.
Extreme heat and a lack of rainfall have severely damaged much of this year’s cotton harvest in the U.S., which produces about 35% of the world’s crop. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) forecast that more than 40% of what U.S. farmers planted in the spring would be abandoned because of drought. Nowhere is this more apparent than the flat, dry stretch of Texas. The USDA says Texas cotton farmers are likely to abandon nearly 70% of their spring planting. That has been the worst harvest since 2009.
The region normally receives around 18 to 20 inches of rain per year, but saw less than three inches of rain from August through the summer, as nearly all of Texas baked under drought. Much of the cotton grown in the region needs rain. Even those with irrigated (灌溉的) fields are expecting low yields (产量) this year.
The losses in cotton could cost the Texas High Plains $1.2 billion after farmers receive federal (联邦的) crop insurance payments, estimates Darren Hudson, director of the International Center for Agricultural Competitiveness at Texas Tech University. That leaves out others who depend on the crop, such as cotton gins (轧棉机) and storehouses. “Any time you have a bad year in cotton, it has a role to play in the overall economy,” Hudson said.
Fortunately, most cotton farmers in this part of Texas plan to use cotton seed varieties that can resist drought. Varieties are continuously developed and will be adjusted to generate high yields if dry conditions continue. “Even though it’s drought resistant,” Hudson added, “we still have to have a little bit of help from Mother Nature.”
( )5. What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The impact of extreme weather on U.S. farmers.
B. The world’s cotton distribution.
C. USDA’s measures to address drought.
D. The amount of U.S. cotton harvest in 2009.
( )6. What does Hudson stress in Paragraph 4
A. Texas is unfriendly to cotton farmers.
B. Cotton is vital to the American economy.
C. Farmers depend much on Mother Nature.
D. Cotton gins are unaffected by cotton losses.
( )7. What will cotton farmers most likely do next
A. Build effective irrigation systems.
B. Apply for federal crop insurance.
C. Switch to growing a different crop.
D. Use further improved cotton seeds.
( )8. What can be the best title for the text
A. Drought Pushes Cotton Prices to a New High
B. The World’s Cotton Supply Keeps Falling
C. Texas Cotton Takes a Hit During Drought
D. Drought Impacts the Quality of Cotton
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P83]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. It is always important to choose enjoyable, (nutrition) foods.
2. It is known to all that eating (organic) grown foods is of great benefit to our bodies.
3. The plan received (广泛的) support throughout the country.
4. She began to suffer from poor (digest) as she grew older.
5. There are three (essential) different ways of tackling the problem.
6. This (mine) is essential for the development of healthy bones and teeth.
7. The company is run almost (entire) by middle-aged men.
8. The river froze to a (deep) of over a metre.
9. Doctors these days tend to be more open-minded about (alter) medicine.
10. The house was (无处) near the beach.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
for instance　　　 as for
enable…to… keep…free of
switch to turn to
1. the Literature Prize, 12 Americans have won it in more than 100 years.
2. We are all able to live a green life. , we can get something repaired rather than buy a new one. 　
3. The soil should be weeds throughout the growing season.
4. She started studying English, but History in her second year.
5. He couldn’t earn a living as a novelist, so he a journalist.
6. The Lifelong Learning Programme designed to people take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe.
Ⅲ. 核心单词
★ alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的alter v.改动;改变;修改
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.
作为另一种选择,一些农民开始转向有机耕作,许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。　
【归纳拓展】
no alternative (but to) 别无选择(只能)
alternative to ……的替代品;……的替代选择
alternative plan/solution…
替代计划/解决方案……
【即学即练】
1. 在做决定之前,我们必须考虑其他选择。
We have to consider the before making a decision.
2. 裁缝修改了裙子,使它更合顾客的身。
The tailor the dress to fit the customer better.
3. 这种新材料是塑料的良好替代品。
This new material is a good plastic.
4. 如果你想成功,除了努力工作别无选择。
There is work hard if you want to succeed.
5. 团队想出了一个针对技术难题的替代解决方案。　
The team came up with to the technical difficulty.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句:Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.
点睛:主语crops 与 make 是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以这里要用动词-ing形式作结果状语。
【即学即练】
用括号中单词的适当形式完成句子。
(1)The hunters fired, (shoot) one of the wolves.
(2)The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus (cause) the delay.
(3)The news reporters hurried to the airport, only (find) the film stars had left.
2. 原句:Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need.
=Nowhere is organic farming near able to meet that need.
点睛:当表示否定的词语置于句首时,要采用倒装结构。
【即学即练】
(1)他们还远不够好。
They .
= .
(2)他还远没有从自己的经历中恢复过来。
yet from his experiences.
= yet from his experiences.
3. 原句:Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
点睛:there is a long way to… 表示“……的路还有很长”。此处while引导的现在分词短语作状语,用于对主句进行补充说明。
【即学即练】
(1)从某种程度上看,她的英语有所进步,但对她来说,学好英语的道路还很长。
In a way, her English has improved but .
(2)他在试图营救一名落水女孩时溺水身亡。
He was drowned .
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
In the basement of a landmark 27-story tower in Stockholm, Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution. He is the chief executive of Plantagon, a new urban farming factory set to kick off operations in the basement of an office block in the Swedish capital.
He is by no means the first enthusiast for indoor farming, which has become increasingly fashionable in recent years. Claims for the practice of growing food in basements range from feeding people in desert environments to transforming the negative environmental effects of monoculture farming.
Plantagon’s early promises reflect this new optimism. Petterson calls the farm’s approach “agritechture”: the combination of agriculture, technology and architecture hoping to revolutionise how we live and eat.
The term may be new, but the concept isn’t. Indoor farming is made possible by agricultural technologies such as hydroponics (growing plants without soil) and aeroponics (in which plants are grown in air over containers). Food can be produced without direct sunlight or soil.
Plantagon plans to grow high-value foods in a pumice-like material rather than soil. Water for the plants is measured precisely. It will also dehumidify (除湿) the air and reuse any extra water to ensure zero pared with conventional agriculture, it will need much less water to produce the same amount of crops.
Energy is also a key issue for indoor urban farms, which have to create artificial sunlight. Although advances in the efficiency of LED lights have helped bring down energy consumption in recent years, plants use only about 1 percent of the artificial light produced. This leads to a great waste of energy, most of which disappears as heat. The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above. Oxygen produced by the plants will be sent to office workers via the building’s air conditioners.
( )1. What does Plantagon plan to do in the basement
A. Grow crops.
B. Do operations.
C. Open a seed company.
D. Give lectures about farming.
( )2. What does the underlined part “The term” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Aeroponics.　 B. Hydroponics.
C. Monoculture. D. Agritecture.
( )3. What do indoor farms do with energy waste
A. Produce oxygen.
B. Run air conditioners.
C. Heat offices.
D. Create artificial sunlight.
( )4. What is the text mainly about
A. A farming revolution.
B. Petterson’s achievement.
C. A water-saving farming project.
D. An environment-friendly system.
Ⅵ.阅读七选五
Everyone knows how important trees are to the well-being of the Earth.　1　 By providing shade for people to enjoy time outside, trees can shade our homes to keep them cooler in the summer time. They can hide unsightly (不美观的) views, reduce noise from nearby roads, and serve as windbreaks. Many types also produce flowers and fruit. These tall plants simply make our homes and neighbourhoods more attractive.
Choosing Trees
　2　 Planting a tree is a long-term project. Large shade varieties, especially, take a long time to grow. And once planted, they are difficult to move. Trees can also be a significant financial investment, so it’s important to choose wisely.
　3　 You may not have room to grow all the types you want to try. So take the time to choose a plant you like that also will grow well in the conditions you can provide. Trees vary widely in their need for space, light, and soil conditions.
Care
Once you’ve made a choice, you’ll need to prepare your site for planting. You may need to clear the area of other vegetation and improve the soil with organic matter such as fertiliser and nutrients. If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read “How to Plant a Tree”. 　4　
Providing proper care after it’s planted is also important.　5　 Feed regularly, water deeply, and prune (修剪) them carefully, so they become strong and healthy. Mature plants usually don’t need to be watered or fertilised.
A. They also provide homes for wildlife.
B. Your success depends on proper planting.
C. Many yards have space for only a few large plants.
D. Young plants should be babied for the first few years.
E. They develop large root systems and can grow by themselves.
F. When you are planting trees, it’s wise to plan your selections carefully.
G. But do you know there are also many advantages of growing them in your own yard
1. 　2. 　3. 　4.
5.
Ⅶ.语法填空
Jia Sixie, author of China’s first agricultural encyclopedia (百科全书), was one of the leading agronomists (农学家) in Chinese history. In the late years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he wrote Qimin Yaoshu, the 　1　 (early) and most complete agricultural encyclopedia still in existence in China.
Jia Sixie was born in Yidu County in Shandong Province. During his childhood, Jia’s family wasn’t wealthy, but had 　2　 rich collection of books. This provided the young Jia with an opportunity to read ancient Chinese literature 　3　 (wide) on agriculture. He completed Qimin Yaoshu during the wars, when he saw amounts of 　4　 (suffer) the poor farmers underwent. 　5　 he believed deep down was that the development of agriculture could relieve the shortage of food and thus help those farmers out.
The book, which is comprised of 92 chapters in 10 volumes and nearly 120,000 characters, 　6　 (cover) a wide range of topics and records on production experience and methods. It includes advice on farming, fishery and sideline occupations. In the book, he emphasized the importance of seed breeding 　7　 (generate) better varieties.
Qimin Yaoshu was first distributed mainly among common people. In the late Tang Dynasty, the book was introduced to Japan. So far, the book 　8　 (translate) into several languages. Qimin Yaoshu is considered 　9　 an important summary of farming knowledge. At present, it is still studied by Chinese farmers and students 　10　 (major) in agriculture.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P87]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Salads of the future may still be served in bowls, but their ingredients might be grown in skyscrapers. That’s the hope of scientists and architects who are setting up a unique plan to feed an increasing population on a planet with limited farmland.
“In another 40 years, there’ll be another three billion people. That’s the problem,” said Dickson Despommier, a professor of public health at Colombia University. One solution is to grow everything from salad grains to main grains year-round in high-rise buildings at the hearts of urban centres. This so-called vertical (垂直的) farming could put food within easy reach for billions of people while reducing carbon emissions (碳排放) from shipping crops across continents and oceans.
“It is based on technologies already in use throughout the world, mainly high-tech greenhouses,” Despommier said. For example, many existing greenhouses use hydroponics, a technique for growing crops in smaller spaces using water instead of soil.
But for now high-rise farming remains just an idea. One challenge is how to build the greenhouses so that layers of crops get enough light to be grown in a vertical structure. Despommier says that architects are already designing buildings to harvest the maximum amount of natural light. What’s more, by using new energy sources such as hydrothermal power (水热能) and wind power, these buildings don’t necessarily have to look like skyscrapers.
Another consideration is creating a vertical farm design that would be economically practical. Despommier said he was particularly interested in Eco-Laboratory. It would be just 12 stories tall and would mix houses with gardens that produce food for the local neighbourhood.
“This was an attempt at something that seemed practical to a developer,” said project designer Myer Harrell. People might tend the crops, or they might assign the work to outside agricultural firms and later purchase the crops at a local market.
Harrell believes breaking ground on Eco-Laboratory or a similar small building could be probable within the next few years, as people become more interested in self-sufficiency (自足) such as growing their own food.
( )1. According to Despommier,vertical farming can 　　　　.
A. produce crops with more nutrients
B. provide enough food for the world population
C. reduce farmers’ cost of growing crops
D. be helpful in slowing down global warming
( )2. What does Harrell think of Eco-Laboratory
A. Expensive.　　 B. Workable.
C. Fantastic.　 D. Difficult.
( )3. All of the following are advantages of vertical farming EXCEPT that 　　　　.
A. it creates year-round crop production
B. it makes use of less farmlands
C. it is far away from urban centres
D. it offers opportunities of self-sufficiency for citizens 　
( )4. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage
A. Vertical Farming: the Pride of Architects
B. Skyscrapers: the Base of Growing Crops
C. High-rise Farms: the Future of Food
D. Greenhouses:the Promise of Free Carbon Emissions 　
Ⅱ. 书面表达
读后续写
文体感知 在进行续写时,首先要构建出写作框架。在构思时,还要进行情节扩充,让续写的文字有血有肉。建议围绕“五所”进行表述,即所见(环境描写/人物描写/神态描写)、所闻(语言描写)、所说(语言描写)、所思(心理描写)、所做(动作描写),并对此进行设问,从而丰富续写文章的主要情节。
【素材】
When I was little, I lived in a house with a beautiful garden full of all kinds of flowers, and roses were the most beautiful of them. There was nothing I enjoyed more than sitting in the garden with my mother as she read stories to me. When I was in primary school and old enough to read, I enjoyed reading stories aloud to her.
I will never forget one day when I was in the third grade. I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had rehearsed (排练) my lines (台词) so hard with me. But no matter how easily I acted at home, as soon as I stepped on stage, every word disappeared from my head. Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained that she had written a narrator’s (旁白) part to the play, and asked me to change roles. Her words, kindly expressed, still hurt, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn’t tell my mother what had happened when I went home after school that day. But she sensed my pain. Instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to take a walk in the garden.
It was May and roses were blossoming and, under the trees, we could also see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) in the grass. “I think I’m going to dig up all these weeds,” she said, pulling one dandelion up by its roots. “From now on, we’ll have only roses in this garden.”
“But I like dandelions,” I protested. “All flowers are beautiful—even dandelions.”
My mother looked at me seriously. “Yes, every flower is beautiful in its own way, isn’t it ” she asked thoughtfully. I nodded, pleased that I had won her over. “And that is true of people too,” she added. “Not everyone can be a princess, but there is no shame in that.” Aware that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry as I told her what had happened. She listened and smiled gently.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said. _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After the play, I took home the flower. ______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【审题谋篇】
文章以时间为线索展开,讲述了作者因不能扮演公主而失落的故事。学生需站在作者的角度,写出妈妈的开导过程和作者之后的表现。人称应使用第一人称,时态以一般过去时为主。
根据续写第一段的开头语可知,作者在妈妈的鼓励和启发下,决定扮演好叙述者的角色。再结合续写第二段开头语可知,演出当天作者收到一株蒲公英,成功克服了紧张的心理,顺利完成了演出。学生可描写作者把花带回家后妈妈的处理方式,以及作者从这次经历中得到的收获。
【妙笔成篇】
范文:
Paragraph 1:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said.
Paragraph 2:
After the play, I took home the flower. 　　　
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P90]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. n.+-y→adj.
salt→ adj.咸的
snow→ adj.下雪的　
cloud→ adj.多云的　
rain→ adj.阴雨的　
dust→ adj.布满灰尘的　
luck→ adj.幸运的
dirt→ adj.脏的
2. v.+-sion→n.
expand→ n.扩展;延伸　
extend→ n.延长;伸展　
divide→ n.划分;除法　
persuade→ n.说服;劝说
explode→ n.爆炸
conclude→ n.结论
3. n.(-tion结尾)+-al→adj.
convention→ adj.传统的
nutrition→ adj.营养的
addition→ adj.附加的;额外的
nation→ adj.国家的
tradition→ adj.传统的
emotion→ adj.情感的
education→ adj.教育的　
4. adj.+-th→n.
deep→ n.深度
wide→ n.宽度
long→ n.长度
strong→ n.力气;强项
young→ n.年轻;青春
true→ n.真理;真相
5. en-+n.→vt.
vision→ vt.展望;想象
courage→ vt.鼓励
danger→ vt.危害;危及
force→ vt.强迫;强制执行
roll→ vt.(使)加入;注册
title→ vt.给……命名
6. v.+(或去e)-ive→adj.
alternate→ adj.可供替代的
attract→ adj.吸引人的
addict→ adj.使人上瘾的
interact→ adj.互动的
create→ adj.创造的;创造性的
relate→ adj.相对的;比较的;相关的
7. v.+oneself+to (介词)→及物动词短语
devote oneself to
apply oneself to
commit oneself to
【v.+oneself+to (介词)短语拓展】
accustom oneself to
adapt oneself to
adjust oneself to
8. v.+sb of→及物动词短语
convince sb of
remind sb of
accuse sb of
【v.+sb of短语拓展】
inform sb of
rob sb of 　　　
suspect sb of
warn sb of
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. We need a holiday to (使增长) our spirits.
2. (convince) that he was wrong, he felt very sad.
3. India (取得) independence in 1947, after decades of struggle.
4. We are working on the (assume) that everyone invited will turn up.
5. A survey found that people aged between 15 and 24 experienced loneliness more often and more (intense) than any other age group.
6. Fear is something that you are born with. You can’t rid yourself of it completely but you can (克服) certain fears under certain conditions.
7. The province is (comprise) of 20 counties.
8. She likes keeping (家养的) birds and has never tried wild birds.
9. The boy sat there, playing with his toy (leisure) and carefree.
10. If you are a (名人), you are headline news.
11. They (vision) an equal society, free of poverty and disease.
12. (现实) is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, but the way they actually are.　
13. His analysis of (城镇的) use of agricultural land has been proved (essential) correct.
14. He will appeal to the state for an (extend) of unemployment benefits.
15. Food (short) are (普遍的) in some African countries.
16. In our school, the students have three required courses and seven (可供选择的) courses.
17. You should consider all (方面) of your decision, negative as well as positive.
18. Even if you plant the seed upside down, the (根) will still grow down.
19. This is a new subject and needs to be explored in (deep).
20. The director plans to expand the firm an international company.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 很多科学家致力于解决现代生活所产生的污染问题的研究,但要完全解决这个问题还有很长的路要走。
Many scientists the study of solving the pollution problem by modern life. But to it .
2. 据估计,全球每年有数百万人死于饥饿和贫穷。一方面,他们所居住的地区,因天气恶劣和缺水,经常歉收。另一方面,土壤贫瘠,含盐量过高,谷物也长不好,产量也不会高。
millions of people worldwide die of hunger and every year. For one thing, in the places where they live, due to the bad weather and a of water, the harvest often fails. For another, the is poor, containing too much , so the is not growing well, and the is not high.
3. 有机农业的特点:在种植作物的过程中,不用化肥、农药,而采用有机肥来满足作物的营养需求。它的发展不仅可以帮助解决现代农业带来的一系列问题,尤其是环境污染和能源消耗问题,还能使土壤富含矿物质,没有病害。
The of agriculture is that in the process of planting crops, is used to meet the needs of crops instead of and . Its development can not only help solve a series of problems by modern agriculture, especially the pollution and energy but also keep the soil and disease.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. you don’t like him is none of my business.
2. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. is going to do the job will be decided by the committee.
4. he won’t go there is clear to all of us.
5. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
6. you come or not is up to you.
7. makes mistakes must correct them.
8. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
9. we go swimming every day (do) us a lot of good.
10. It is thought Bob drives badly.
11. It’s uncertain the experiment is worth doing.
12. we can’t get seems better than we have.
13. worries many people is that these chemicals may even cause cancer.
14. will be made captain of our team is still unknown, but one thing is certain: is put in this position is to lead us out of the present difficulty.
15. What we can’t get (seem) better than what we have.
16. It is said he is focusing on a book on space exploration. But it will come out is up in the air.
17. We believe you have been devoted to is naturally of great necessity.
18. leaves the room last must make sure all the windows are shut.
19. It really matters we treat failure, for failure teaches success.
20. I know it is important to know my own limitation, but is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
21. I want to know is road we should take.
Ⅴ. 语言运用
假设最近你班同学在英语课上就“化学耕作与有机耕作哪个更好”这一话题开展了一次讨论,请你根据下表提供的信息写一篇英文短文,介绍你们讨论的情况,并给出你的观点。
50%的同学支持化学耕作 50%的同学支持有机耕作
1. 有机耕作产量低,化学耕作农作物生长快,产量高,有利于解决人口饥饿问题。 2. 化学肥可以使农作物免受病虫害,食品卖相佳。 1. 有机耕作使用动物粪便等有机肥,有利于保护环境。　 2. 化学耕作破坏环境和有害人体健康,有机食物更营养,有利于人体健康。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
范文:Unit 5　Working the Land
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking) [P75]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The two groups of children have quite different 　characteristics　 (characteristic). 　
2. The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to 　attain　 (实现) it.
3. After a few 　conventional　 (convention) opening remarks, he made a brilliant speech.
4. This failure teaches me the cruelty of 　intense　 (intensity) competition.
5. There are many ways of 　tackling　 (tackle) this problem.
6. We have a family 　crisis　 (危机) on my hands—my 10-year-old dog is missing.
7. The company is looking for ways to 　boost　 (提高)sales in Asia, its biggest market.
8. As a nation, our 　consumption　 (consume) of junk food is horrifying.
9. There’s a 　shortage　 (short) of food and shelter in the refugee camps.
10. People tend to make 　assumptions　 (assume) about you when you have a disability.
11. Sadly, his reforms opened up a Pandora’s box of 　domestic　 (国内的) problems.
12. The success of her book has given her unexpected 　celebrity　 (名望) status.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
devote…to…　　　　 be comprised of
depend on　 far from
deep down　 succeed in
care for　 open up
fulfil one’s dream　 at heart
1. The committee 　is comprised of　 representatives from both the public and private sectors.
2. He decided to 　devote　 the rest of his life 　to　 scientific investigation.
3. This play is 　far from　 a success, due to the famous actress’ absence.
4. The first child in the world to undergo a double hand transplant has been able to 　fulfil his/her dream　 of swinging a baseball bat.
5. It was the second time we 　had succeeded in　 holding such important parties.
6. 　Deep down　 he was as frightened as you were. But on the surface, he pretended to be calm.
7. The suggestion that they raised at the meeting was that it was about time that we 　opened up　 a branch in town as the first step of our expansion.
8. I have got my baby well taken care of recently, and I’m going to have Jenny 　care for　 it tomorrow.
9. He had dozens of friends, but he was a private person 　at heart　.
10. Everyone may 　depend on　 it that it won’t happen again with these reassuring measures.
Ⅲ. 核心单词
★ convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服 convincing adj. 令人信服的;有说服力的 convinced adj. 确信的;信服的
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平坚信,可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。　
【归纳拓展】
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
be convinced (that) 确信;坚信
【即学即练】
1. 这本书的结局难以令人信服。
The end of the book wasn’t very 　convincing　.
2. 她的丈夫并没有被她关于他们需要一个更大房子的论点说服。
Her husband was not 　convinced　 by her argument that they needed a bigger house.
3. 她使我相信学习第二语言的重要性。
She 　convinced me of the importance　 of learning a second language.
4. 我坚信努力工作会有回报。
I 　am convinced that　 hard work pays off.
5. 他说服他的父母给他买一辆新自行车。
He 　convinced his parents to buy　 him a new bicycle.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句:Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
点睛:it is estimated that 意为“据估算”,it 为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的that 从句。具有类似用法的动词还有:say、 know、 believe、 suppose、 think等。
be comprised of 意为 “由……组成”,具有相同意思的结构还有:be composed of、 be made up of、 consist of 等等。
【即学即练】
(1)估计在这次地震中伤亡人数可能过万。
　It is estimated that　 the number of casualties may run to more than ten thousand in the earthquake.
(2)委员会由来自各界的20个代表组成。
The committee 　is comprised of　 20 representatives from all walks of life.
=The committee 　is composed of　 20 representatives from all walks of life.
=The committee 　is made up of　 20 representatives from all walks of life.
=The committee 　consists of　 20 representatives from all walks of life.
2. 原句:Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
点睛:given that…意为“假定;如果;考虑到;鉴于”,可以引导原因状语从句。given为介词也可表示“鉴于;考虑到”,具有类似用法的还有considering。
【即学即练】
(1)要是对这些树多加注意,它们会长得更好。
　Given more attention　, the trees could have grown better.
(2)考虑到他们缺乏经验,这份工作他们已经干得很不错了。
　Given/Considering their inexperience　, they have done a good job.
(3)考虑到他的年龄,他已是相当活跃了。
　Given/Considering his age　, he is remarkably active.
(4)考虑到是节假日,公园里人山人海也就不足为奇了。
　Given that this is a holiday　, it is not a surprise that the parks are crowded.
(5)考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼,校长已决定增加更多的体育课。
　Given that the students need more exercise　, the head teacher has decided to add more PE classes.
(6)鉴于她对小孩非常感兴趣,我敢肯定教书是最适合她的职业。
　Given/Considering her interest in children　, teaching seems to be the right job for her.(简单句)
　Given that she is interested in children　, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.(复合句)
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
A
Seawater Rice Test Yield Holds
Promise for Harsh Lands
By Mao Weihua and Zheng Caixiong in Urumqi | chinadaily. | Updated:2019-11-19 17∶01
The seawater rice, developed by agricultural scientist Yuan Longping and his team, achieved a theoretical yield of 546.74 kilograms per mu (0.07 hectares) in a paddy in Yopurga County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
The figure was announced after a strict and public evaluation last month by a production testing expert group, which consisted of four renowned rice experts.
Yuan Longping’s research team, which started planting rice in the saline-alkali (盐碱) field in 2018, expanded their experimental rice field to more than 20 hectares this year in the county, located near China’s largest desert, the Taklimakan.
The rice output from the experimental rice field indicated that the saline-alkali land could be transformed into good rice fields in three to five years, said Wang Qi, an expert with Yuan Longping’s research team.
The trial plot to grow the seawater rice is of a heavy saline-alkali nature, with salinity coming to more than 17 per 1,000 parts and the pH value reaching over 8.0, but the seawater rice has the effect of improving the soil and reducing the saline-alkali content, Wang said.
(　D　)1. Who reported the news
A. Wang Qi.
B. Yuan Longping.
C. Yuan Longping’s research team.
D. Mao Weihua and Zheng Caixiong.
(　B　)2. What’s the advantage of seawater rice
A. It achieved a yield of 546.74 kg per hectare.
B. It can be planted in the saline-alkali field.
C. It doesn’t need so much sunlight.
D. It can be planted everywhere.
(　B　)3. When did the seawater rice begin to be planted in Xinjiang by Yuan Longping and his team
A. Last month.
B. In 2018.
C. In November, 2019.
D. In October.
(　C　)4. Where does this passage probably come from
A. A guide book.
B. A TV programme.
C. A website.
D. A textbook.
语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。 文章主要介绍了袁隆平和他的研究团队研发的“海水稻”成功通过了专家测试。
1. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据标题下方的“By Mao Weihua and Zheng Caixiong in Urumqi…”可知,该报道是记者毛卫华和郑彩雄报道的。
2. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The trial plot to grow the seawater rice is of a heavy saline-alkali nature…and the pH value reaching over 8.0”可知,海水稻可以种植在盐碱地上。
3. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Yuan Longping’s research team, which started planting rice in the saline-alkali (盐碱) field in 2018…” 可知, 海水稻是在2018年开始试验种植的。
4. C　【解析】 推理判断题。根据标题下方的“chinadaily.”可知,文章很可能出自一个网站。
B
There is a strong smell that comes off Ratna Raju’s farm in the southeastern Andhra Pradesh state of India. The smell comes from a mixture of natural materials, like cow waste and untreated sugar. The natural materials help grow and protect crops in an area often hit by extreme weather and heat.
Farmers like Raju say natural materials protect their crops from climate change because the soil can hold more water. And they stress the crops’ stronger roots help plants deal with strong winds. Supporters say natural farming is successful in the state because of government support. Now, these methods should be spread across India’s agricultural lands. Without government support for natural farming, most Indian farmers still use farm chemicals and fertilizers. That puts them at risk when extreme weather hits. Many farmers are calling for greater state investment to help them deal with climate change.
Last December, a storm brought heavy rainfall across India’s southeastern coast. It flooded towns and fields. Early studies showed more than 240,000 hectares of crops were destroyed in Andhra Pradesh state.
Raju said the rainwater on their farms flowed into the ground in one day. The soil can take in more water because it is less solid than soil with farm chemicals. Soil with farm chemicals is dry. He added that planting different crops throughout the year helped keep the soil healthy. However, Raju’s neighbour, Srikanth Kanapala, said his farm was flooded for four days after the storm. Kanapala often uses farm chemicals and fertilizers on his farm. And he said seeing Raju’s crops held strong while his crops failed made him want to learn about other farming methods.
Kanapala expected a potential financial hemorrhage of up to $600 as a consequence of the storm, a sum that constituted a significant economic burden for a farmer in India. “For the next planting season, I plan to learn from other farmers to give up farm chemicals,” he said.
(　B　)5. What drives the expansion of natural farming in India
A. The limited farms.
B. The climate impact on crops.
C. The increased use of chemicals.
D. The reduction of fertilizers.
(　D　)6. What can be inferred about farm chemicals from Paragraph 4
A. They help crops grow strong roots.
B. They enhance soil’s water absorption.
C. They ensure soil remains consistently wet.
D. They make crops less resistant to the storm.
(　A　)7. What does the underlined word “hemorrhage” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Loss.
B. Increase.
C. Benefit.
D. Aid.
(　C　)8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Chemicals: Harming Indian Farms
B. Storms: a Threat to Indian Farmers
C. Natural Farming: an Answer to Extreme Weather
D. Indian Agriculture: Facing the Effect of Climate Change
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然农业中的一种天然材料可以保护农民的作物免受气候变化的影响。
5. B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The natural materials help grow and protect crops in an area often hit by extreme weather and heat.”可知,正是由于该地区极端天气频发,才促使了自然农业的推广,以便更好地保护农作物。
6. D　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,施用化肥和农药的土壤相对疏松,且较为干燥,再结合邻居Srikanth Kanapala的例子可知,他的农场被洪水淹没了,原因在于他经常在农场使用农药和化肥,由此推知,农药会使作物对暴风雨的抵抗力降低。
7. A　【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“a sum that constituted a significant economic burden for a farmer in India”可知,对印度的一个农民来说,这是一笔巨大的经济负担,说明农民的经济损失巨大,由此推知,hemorrhage意为“(人、资金等)的大量流失”,与loss意思相近。
8. C　【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了自然农业中的一种天然材料可以保护农民的作物免受气候变化的影响。因此C项“自然农业:应对极端天气”适合作为本文标题。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice” is 　1　 leading figure in rice-growing world. His sunburnt face, arms and slim 　2　 strong body are just like those of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
Born in 1930, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. 　3　 concerned him most was that farmers often had poor 　4　 (harvest) and even would suffer from food shortage. 　5　 (convince) that he could find ways to increase the rice output without 　6　 (expand) the area of fields, Yuan 　7　 (overcome) enormous technical difficulties to develop the hybrid rice.
Today, it is established that about 60% of domestic rice consumption in China 　8　 (generate) from Yuan’s hybrid strains. Thanks to his research, people have more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
Although his hybrids have made him wealthy, Yuan cares little for celebrity or wealth. Instead, he makes large donations to support 　9　 (agriculture) research. What impresses people most is that Yuan has the ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. 　10　 his advanced years, Yuan is still young at heart and full of vision, and we are expecting what he will dream up next.
1. 　a 2. 　but　
3. 　What 4. 　harvests　
5. 　Convinced 6. 　expanding　
7. 　overcame 8. 　is generated　
9. 　agricultural 10. 　Despite　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的个人经历和成就。
1. a　【解析】 考查冠词。此处是指袁隆平是一个领先人物,空格处应使用不定冠词;又因leading发音以辅音音素开头,空格处应使用a。
2. but　【解析】 考查连词。根据句意可知,空格前后两个形容词构成了转折关系,故填but。
3. What　【解析】 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导主语从句,并在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词what;又因空格处位于句首,首字母应大写。
4. harvests　【解析】 考查名词单复数。空格处意为“收成;收获量”,表示收成时,harvest为可数名词,表示泛指概念,应使用名词复数形式。
5. Convinced　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为overcome,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词,convince与主语Yuan构成逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用动词-ed形式作状语。
6. expanding　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为find,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词、expand与主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系,且位于介词without之后,应使用动词-ing形式作宾语。
7. overcame　【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据上文可知,此处指发生在过去的动作,应用一般过去时。
8. is generated　【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。根据上文可知,此处应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,动词和主语构成动宾关系,应使用一般现在时的被动语态;又因主语domestic rice consumption表达单数概念,be动词应用is,故填is generated。
9. agricultural　【解析】 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰名词research,应使用agriculture的形容词形式agricultural作定语。
10. Despite　【解析】 考查介词。 句意:虽然年事已高,但袁隆平的心态依然年轻,充满远见,我们期待着他的下一个梦想。空格处表示转折关系,故填despite;又因空处位于句首,首字母应大写。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language) [P79]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He prefers rural life to 　urban　 (城市的) life.
2. The city 　was bombed　 (bomb) heavily during the war.
3. When applying for a visa 　extension　 (extend), state simply and clearly the reasons why you need it.
4. She will be remembered for her selfless 　devotion　 (devote) to the cause.
5. Unfortunately, a big nose is a family 　characteristic　 (character).
6. Her latest film has 　generated　 (引起) a lot of interest.
7. He 　overcame　 (overcome) all obstacles in his path to the top.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——主语从句
1. 单句语法填空
(1)It is a fact 　that　 English is being accepted as an international language.
(2)　Whether　 they would support us or not still remained a problem.
(3)　That　 you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
(4)　What　 surprised us most was that her works of art soon became famous and were on display in the British Museum.
(5)Every year, 　whoever　 makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(6)　It　 is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
(7)When and where we will have the sports meeting 　has been decided　 (decide) already.
(8)It has been announced 　that　 the next meeting will take place next Monday.
(9)　Whether/When　 we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken.
(10)We lost our way in the forest, and 　what　 made matters worse was that it was getting dark.
2. 根据汉语意思,完成下列句子
(1)我们最欣赏的是你们有很强的团队精神。
　What we appreciated most　 was that you had a strong teamwork spirit.
(2)飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。
　When the plane is to take off　 has not been announced.
(3)光比声音传播得快,这是众所周知的事。
　That light travels faster than sound　 is known to all.
(4)他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们所有人感到惊讶。
　That he finished writing the composition　 in such a short time surprised us all.
(5)谁要当我们的班长还没有决定。
　Who will be our monitor　 hasn’t been decided yet.
(6)他在化学方面有一个非常重要的发现是真的。
　It is true that　 he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
As a banker, Chip Paillex had never planted so much until he moved to rural Pittstown, New Jersey, seven years ago. 　1　 by farms, he quickly became interested in growing and rented a 30-by-30-foot land. One weekend, he 　2　 tomatoes, potatoes and eggplants—enough to feed his family for the summer.
He ended up with so much 　3　 that he couldn’t give it away. Thus he found a local food 　4　, and by the time he delivered his last harvest, he had donated 120 pounds of fresh vegetables.
The following year, with a handful of 　5　 from his church and a memorable name “America’s Grow-a-Row”, Paillex planted, 　6　, and harvested 1,500 pounds of vegetables, all of which he donated to food banks. Later he had more volunteers, rent more land and donated more vegetables.
Paillex also 　7　 local school kids. On a 　8　 Friday morning in May, 40 third and fifth graders trooped onto a freshly plowed field, each 　9　 with a spade. Squatting or kneeling in teams of two, they loosened the dirt, then carefully 　10　 the plants. Several rows later, they eagerly lined up to seed corn under a hot midmorning sun. Nobody 　11　.
“The 　12　 makes kids know there are people in need,” says Paillex, “and it plants the seed for giving back. When they become tomorrow’s 　13　, it will be much more possible for them to encourage their coworkers and employees to get 　14　 in something like this.”
“Paillex makes people want to help,” says Colleen Duerr, a mother of two who has signed on as an 　15　 “Grow-a-Row” member. “And families love this. Paillex has given us a way to raise our kids with a giving heart.”
(　D　)1. A. Trapped B. Occupied
C. Prevented D. Surrounded
(　B　)2. A. tasted B. planted
C. collected D. wrapped
(　A　)3. A. produce B. advice
C. cost D. equipment
(　C　)4. A. shop B. market
C. bank D. room　
(　B　)5. A. neighbours B. volunteers
C. employees D. tourists
(　A　)6. A. tended B. stored
C. bought D. delivered
(　C　)7. A. refuses B. chooses
C. welcomes D. pushes
(　D　)8. A. rainy B. snowy
C. foggy D. cloudless
(　A　)9. A. armed B. combined
C. filled D. compared
(　D　)10. A. cooked B. counted
C. pulled D. positioned
(　C　)11. A. laughed B. worked
C. complained D. competed
(　B　)12. A. example B. programme
C. lesson D. thought
(　C　)13. A. farmers B. workers
C. leaders D. owners
(　B　)14. A. locked B. involved
C. moved D. turned
(　B　)15. A. unexpected B. unpaid
C. unseen D. unknown
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了银行家Chip Paillex种植了大量的蔬菜,并把它们捐给食品库,而且他还招募了很多志愿者参加种植,甚至带领当地的孩子参与这个活动的故事。
1. D　【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“…he quickly became interested in growing and rented a 30-by-30-foot land”可知,由于周围都是农场,Paillex很快对种植产生了兴趣,此处指他被农场包围着。
2. B　【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“tomatoes,potatoes and eggplants”并结合常识可知,此处指他种了很多西红柿、土豆和茄子。
3. A　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文语境可知,他种植了很多蔬菜,此处指农产品。
4. C　【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“…all of which he donated to food banks”可知,此处指他找到了当地的一家食品库。
5. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“Later he had more volunteers, rent more land and donated more vegetables.”可知,此处指他拥有了一些来自教堂的志愿者。
6. A　【解析】 考查动词。根据逻辑并结合生活常识可知,先种植,再照料才能有所收获。
7. C　【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“40 third and fifth graders trooped onto a freshly plowed field”可知,学生们也参加了种植活动。由此推知,Paillex也欢迎当地的学生。
8. D　【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“under a hot midmorning sun”可知,那天的天气很好,是万里无云的。
9. A　【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“a spade”并结合常识可知,种植需要用到工具,此处指每个孩子都配备有铁锹。
10. D　【解析】 考查动词。根据常识可知,松完土之后要把秧苗摆放到合适的位置。
11. C　【解析】 考查动词。根据上中的“Several rows later, they eagerly lined up to seed corn under a hot midmorning sun.” 可知,他们都很迫切地希望能看到自己的劳动成果。由此可知,他们对这项活动寄予了很大的希望,所以不会有人抱怨的。
12. B　【解析】 考查名词。根据上文语境可知,此处指让孩子们学着种植的项目。
13. C　【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“…it will be much more possible for them to encourage their coworkers and employees to get 　14　 in something like this”可知,这些事情是等到他们成为领导人的时候做的事情。
14. B　【解析】 考查动词。根据语境可知,此处指今后孩子们参与到与种植类似的项目中。
15. B　【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的 “The following year, with a handful of 　5　 from his church and a memorable name ‘America’s Grow-a-Row’”可知,这个组织的成员是一些志愿者,所以是没有报酬的。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
Have you ever heard of agritourism where you can experience the farm life If not, Dr Cindy Ayers-Elliott will tell you the real story of Foot Print Farms.
The original concept of building Foot Print Farms was simple. When Ayers-Elliott returned to her hometown after graduation, she didn’t have to look any further than her state’s alarming health statistics to find a mission. Everywhere she turned, there were reports of high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and heart disease. “The problem was already identified,” explains Ayers-Elliott. “Too many Mississippians were seriously unhealthy and it didn’t take research to see that. And many of the state’s greatest health challenges could directly result from poor diet.”
These days, Foot Print Farms, which started with a few raised beds of herbs and vegetables, is making fresh, naturally grown food. “When speaking of the key to my success, the co-op model works because we share the work and rewards,” notes Ayers-Elliott. “A perfect example is the Wingfield High School football team. To earn the money for equipment and other items, players committed to working five hours a week on the farm, and by the end of the summer they produced 1,000 melons and the profits from their sales helped to buy weights, T-shirts, sweat suits and pregame meals. But the lessons they learnt about the rewards of hard work and working together to accomplish something were even more valuable products of their efforts.”
“It’s a model that can easily be learnt in other places and I’m looking forward to seeing some of our current partners do just that—to take what they have learnt here and spin it off in other communities,” Ayers-Elliott remarks. She is now looking forward to developing an agritourism area to farm, where visitors can experience the farm life, learn new skills and take with them seeds of inspiration they can sow in their own communities when they return home.
(　D　)1. What made Ayers-Elliott set up Foot Print Farms
A. The problems faced by local farmers.
B. Her further research into heart disease.
C. The failure of her career after graduation.
D. The health state of people in her hometown.
(　C　)2. Why does the author take the football team as an example
A. To advocate the concept of independence.
B. To stress the importance of teamwork.
C. To support the idea of co-op model.
D. To explore the key to success.
(　A　)3. What is Ayers-Elliott’s attitude towards the future of Foot Print Farms
A. Optimistic.　
B. Skeptical.
C. Cautious.　
D. Ambiguous.
(　B　)4. What is the main idea of the text 　
A. Naturally grown food benefits people’s health.
B. Food Print Farms is making a difference in Mississippi.
C. Ayers-Elliott encourages people to experience the farm life. 　
D. Agritourism is becoming increasingly popular in America.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个叫“足迹农场”的农业旅游基地建立的原因及其发展情况。
1. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,Ayers-Elliott毕业后回到家乡,看到到处有高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症和心脏病的报道,而且不需要研究就能发现这里很多人的身体严重不健康,并且最大的健康挑战可能直接来源于不良饮食,因此她决定建立“足迹农场”。
2. C　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When speaking of the key to my success, the co-op model works…”可知,Ayers-Elliott谈到了其成功的关键在于合作社模式,他们共同工作,共享回报;紧接着举Wingfield High School football team的例子正是为了支持这一观点。
3. A　【解析】 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的 “…I’m looking forward to…and spin it off in other communities…”及 “She is now looking forward to…they can sow in their own communities when they return home.” 可知,Ayers-Elliott对“足迹农场”的发展充满期待。由此可知,她对“足迹农场”的未来持乐观的态度。
4. B　【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,第一段介绍了农业旅游和“足迹农场”的创立者Dr Cindy Ayers-Elliott;第二段讲述了Ayers-Elliott发现家乡健康问题严重,决定创立“足迹农场”;第三段讲述了“足迹农场”通过合作模式成功运营;第四段讲述了Ayers-Elliott计划推广合作模式,开发农业旅游,让游客体验农场生活。由此可知,文章主要内容与“足迹农场”的意义有关。
B
The cotton harvest is about to get underway in the Texas High Plains, the windswept region that grows most of the crop in the nation’s top cotton-producing state. But Barry Evans, a third-generation cotton grower, has already walked away from more than 4 046 square meter of his bone-dry fields. “It just didn’t come up. We hardly had anything,” said Evans.
Extreme heat and a lack of rainfall have severely damaged much of this year’s cotton harvest in the U.S., which produces about 35% of the world’s crop. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) forecast that more than 40% of what U.S. farmers planted in the spring would be abandoned because of drought. Nowhere is this more apparent than the flat, dry stretch of Texas. The USDA says Texas cotton farmers are likely to abandon nearly 70% of their spring planting. That has been the worst harvest since 2009.
The region normally receives around 18 to 20 inches of rain per year, but saw less than three inches of rain from August through the summer, as nearly all of Texas baked under drought. Much of the cotton grown in the region needs rain. Even those with irrigated (灌溉的) fields are expecting low yields (产量) this year.
The losses in cotton could cost the Texas High Plains $1.2 billion after farmers receive federal (联邦的) crop insurance payments, estimates Darren Hudson, director of the International Center for Agricultural Competitiveness at Texas Tech University. That leaves out others who depend on the crop, such as cotton gins (轧棉机) and storehouses. “Any time you have a bad year in cotton, it has a role to play in the overall economy,” Hudson said.
Fortunately, most cotton farmers in this part of Texas plan to use cotton seed varieties that can resist drought. Varieties are continuously developed and will be adjusted to generate high yields if dry conditions continue. “Even though it’s drought resistant,” Hudson added, “we still have to have a little bit of help from Mother Nature.”
(　A　)5. What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The impact of extreme weather on U.S. farmers.
B. The world’s cotton distribution.
C. USDA’s measures to address drought.
D. The amount of U.S. cotton harvest in 2009.
(　B　)6. What does Hudson stress in Paragraph 4
A. Texas is unfriendly to cotton farmers.
B. Cotton is vital to the American economy.
C. Farmers depend much on Mother Nature.
D. Cotton gins are unaffected by cotton losses.
(　D　)7. What will cotton farmers most likely do next
A. Build effective irrigation systems.
B. Apply for federal crop insurance.
C. Switch to growing a different crop.
D. Use further improved cotton seeds.
(　C　)8. What can be the best title for the text
A. Drought Pushes Cotton Prices to a New High
B. The World’s Cotton Supply Keeps Falling
C. Texas Cotton Takes a Hit During Drought
D. Drought Impacts the Quality of Cotton
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了得克萨斯州高平原地区的棉花收成受到了极端天气的严重影响,给种植者造成了巨大的经济损失。
5. A　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“…forecast that more than 40% of what U.S. farmers planted in the spring would be abandoned because of drought”可知,本段数据展示了极端天气对美国农民的影响。
6. B　【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The losses in cotton could cost the Texas High Plains $1.2 billion after farmers receive federal (联邦的) crop insurance payments”及“Any time you have a bad year in cotton, it has a role to play in the overall economy”可知,Hudson表示仅棉花本身造成的经济损失就非常大,而且这会影响其他相关产业,以及整体经济。由此可知,他在强调棉花对美国经济至关重要。
7. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Fortunately, most cotton farmers in this part of Texas plan to use cotton seed varieties that can resist drought.”可知,棉农接下来很可能使用进一步改良的棉花籽。
8. C　【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章报道了得克萨斯州高平原地区的棉花收成受到了极端天气的严重影响,给种植者造成了巨大的经济损失。因此C项“得克萨斯州的棉花在干旱期间受到打击”适合作为本文标题。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language) [P83]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. It is always important to choose enjoyable, 　nutritious　 (nutrition) foods.
2. It is known to all that eating 　organically　 (organic) grown foods is of great benefit to our bodies.
3. The plan received 　widespread　 (广泛的) support throughout the country.
4. She began to suffer from poor 　digestion　 (digest) as she grew older.
5. There are three 　essentially　 (essential) different ways of tackling the problem.
6. This 　mineral　 (mine) is essential for the development of healthy bones and teeth.
7. The company is run almost 　entirely　 (entire) by middle-aged men.
8. The river froze to a 　depth　 (deep) of over a metre.
9. Doctors these days tend to be more open-minded about 　alternative　 (alter) medicine.
10. The house was 　nowhere　 (无处) near the beach.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
for instance　　　 as for
enable…to… keep…free of
switch to turn to
1. 　As for　 the Literature Prize, 12 Americans have won it in more than 100 years.
2. We are all able to live a green life. 　For instance　, we can get something repaired rather than buy a new one. 　
3. The soil should be 　kept free of　 weeds throughout the growing season.
4. She started studying English, but 　switched to　 History in her second year.
5. He couldn’t earn a living as a novelist, so he 　turned to　 a journalist.
6. The Lifelong Learning Programme designed to 　enable　 people 　to　 take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe.
Ⅲ. 核心单词
★ alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的alter v.改动;改变;修改
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.
作为另一种选择,一些农民开始转向有机耕作,许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。　
【归纳拓展】
no alternative (but to) 别无选择(只能)
alternative to ……的替代品;……的替代选择
alternative plan/solution…
替代计划/解决方案……
【即学即练】
1. 在做决定之前,我们必须考虑其他选择。
We have to consider the 　alternatives　 before making a decision.
2. 裁缝修改了裙子,使它更合顾客的身。
The tailor 　altered　 the dress to fit the customer better.
3. 这种新材料是塑料的良好替代品。
This new material is a good 　alternative to　 plastic.
4. 如果你想成功,除了努力工作别无选择。
There is 　no alternative but to　 work hard if you want to succeed.
5. 团队想出了一个针对技术难题的替代解决方案。　
The team came up with 　an alternative solution　 to the technical difficulty.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句:Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.
点睛:主语crops 与 make 是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以这里要用动词-ing形式作结果状语。
【即学即练】
用括号中单词的适当形式完成句子。
(1)The hunters fired, 　shooting　 (shoot) one of the wolves.
(2)The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus 　causing　 (cause) the delay.
(3)The news reporters hurried to the airport, only 　to find　 (find) the film stars had left.
2. 原句:Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need.
=Nowhere is organic farming near able to meet that need.
点睛:当表示否定的词语置于句首时,要采用倒装结构。
【即学即练】
(1)他们还远不够好。
They 　are nowhere near good enough　.
=　Nowhere are they near good enough　.
(2)他还远没有从自己的经历中恢复过来。
　He’s nowhere near recovered　 yet from his experiences.
=　Nowhere has he near recovered　 yet from his experiences.
3. 原句:Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
点睛:there is a long way to… 表示“……的路还有很长”。此处while引导的现在分词短语作状语,用于对主句进行补充说明。
【即学即练】
(1)从某种程度上看,她的英语有所进步,但对她来说,学好英语的道路还很长。
In a way, her English has improved but 　there is still a long way to go　.
(2)他在试图营救一名落水女孩时溺水身亡。
He was drowned 　while trying to rescue a girl in the river　.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
In the basement of a landmark 27-story tower in Stockholm, Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution. He is the chief executive of Plantagon, a new urban farming factory set to kick off operations in the basement of an office block in the Swedish capital.
He is by no means the first enthusiast for indoor farming, which has become increasingly fashionable in recent years. Claims for the practice of growing food in basements range from feeding people in desert environments to transforming the negative environmental effects of monoculture farming.
Plantagon’s early promises reflect this new optimism. Petterson calls the farm’s approach “agritechture”: the combination of agriculture, technology and architecture hoping to revolutionise how we live and eat.
The term may be new, but the concept isn’t. Indoor farming is made possible by agricultural technologies such as hydroponics (growing plants without soil) and aeroponics (in which plants are grown in air over containers). Food can be produced without direct sunlight or soil.
Plantagon plans to grow high-value foods in a pumice-like material rather than soil. Water for the plants is measured precisely. It will also dehumidify (除湿) the air and reuse any extra water to ensure zero pared with conventional agriculture, it will need much less water to produce the same amount of crops.
Energy is also a key issue for indoor urban farms, which have to create artificial sunlight. Although advances in the efficiency of LED lights have helped bring down energy consumption in recent years, plants use only about 1 percent of the artificial light produced. This leads to a great waste of energy, most of which disappears as heat. The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above. Oxygen produced by the plants will be sent to office workers via the building’s air conditioners.
(　A　)1. What does Plantagon plan to do in the basement
A. Grow crops.
B. Do operations.
C. Open a seed company.
D. Give lectures about farming.
(　D　)2. What does the underlined part “The term” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Aeroponics.　 B. Hydroponics.
C. Monoculture. D. Agritecture.
(　C　)3. What do indoor farms do with energy waste
A. Produce oxygen.
B. Run air conditioners.
C. Heat offices.
D. Create artificial sunlight.
(　A　)4. What is the text mainly about
A. A farming revolution.
B. Petterson’s achievement.
C. A water-saving farming project.
D. An environment-friendly system.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在地下室里进行室内都市农业革命的事例,并介绍了室内农业的普及和其在环保节能方面的积极作用。
1. A　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “…Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution” 可知,他要在地下室内开办室内农场。
2. D　【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Petterson calls the farm’s approach ‘agritechture’: the combination of agriculture…how we live and eat.” 可知,“agritechture”模式是农业、技术和建筑的结合,此处的The term指的是“agritechture”模式。
3. C　【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above.” 可知,地下室农场将捕获约70%的这种废热,并将其注入上方办公大楼的供暖系统中。
4. A　【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段介绍了Petterson在斯德哥尔摩一地标建筑地下室开展室内农业项目;第二段介绍了室内农业可为沙漠地区提供食物,减少环境影响;第三、四段介绍了Plantagon的“agritechture”模式结合农业、技术和建筑,利用水培和气雾培技术种植;第五段介绍了Plantagon计划用火山石材料种植,精确控制水分,实现零浪费;第六段介绍了室内农场回收70%废热用于建筑供暖。由此可知,本文主要内容与农业革命有关。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五
Everyone knows how important trees are to the well-being of the Earth.　1　 By providing shade for people to enjoy time outside, trees can shade our homes to keep them cooler in the summer time. They can hide unsightly (不美观的) views, reduce noise from nearby roads, and serve as windbreaks. Many types also produce flowers and fruit. These tall plants simply make our homes and neighbourhoods more attractive.
Choosing Trees
　2　 Planting a tree is a long-term project. Large shade varieties, especially, take a long time to grow. And once planted, they are difficult to move. Trees can also be a significant financial investment, so it’s important to choose wisely.
　3　 You may not have room to grow all the types you want to try. So take the time to choose a plant you like that also will grow well in the conditions you can provide. Trees vary widely in their need for space, light, and soil conditions.
Care
Once you’ve made a choice, you’ll need to prepare your site for planting. You may need to clear the area of other vegetation and improve the soil with organic matter such as fertiliser and nutrients. If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read “How to Plant a Tree”. 　4　
Providing proper care after it’s planted is also important.　5　 Feed regularly, water deeply, and prune (修剪) them carefully, so they become strong and healthy. Mature plants usually don’t need to be watered or fertilised.
A. They also provide homes for wildlife.
B. Your success depends on proper planting.
C. Many yards have space for only a few large plants.
D. Young plants should be babied for the first few years.
E. They develop large root systems and can grow by themselves.
F. When you are planting trees, it’s wise to plan your selections carefully.
G. But do you know there are also many advantages of growing them in your own yard
1. 　G　　2. 　F　　3. 　C　　4. 　B　
5. 　D　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了种树的一些注意事项。
1. G　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到树对地球的重要性,空格后提到树给人们及其住所带来的诸多好处,空格前后存在轻微的转折关系;且下文主要讲述的是如何自己种树。选项G“但你知道在自家院子里种植树木也有很多好处吗 ”符合语境。
2. F　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据小标题Choosing Trees可知,本段主要讲述的是要谨慎地选择所种的树,选项F“植树时,仔细规划你的选择是明智之举”符合语境。
3. C　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格后的“You may not have room to grow all the types you want to try.”可知,可能并没有足够的空间来种你所有想种的树,空格处会提到要选择能在你所能提供的条件下生长的树。选项C“许多庭院只能种植几株大型植物”符合语境。
4. B　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read ‘How to Plant a Tree’.”可知,自己种树时遵循指南很重要,选项B“成功与否取决于适当的种植”承接上文,符合语境。
5. D　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到种好树后适当的照料很重要,空格后叙述了具体的照料方法,空格处会提到对未成熟的植株的照料需要花一段时间。选项D“年轻的植物在最初的几年里应该被呵护”符合语境。
Ⅶ.语法填空
Jia Sixie, author of China’s first agricultural encyclopedia (百科全书), was one of the leading agronomists (农学家) in Chinese history. In the late years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he wrote Qimin Yaoshu, the 　1　 (early) and most complete agricultural encyclopedia still in existence in China.
Jia Sixie was born in Yidu County in Shandong Province. During his childhood, Jia’s family wasn’t wealthy, but had 　2　 rich collection of books. This provided the young Jia with an opportunity to read ancient Chinese literature 　3　 (wide) on agriculture. He completed Qimin Yaoshu during the wars, when he saw amounts of 　4　 (suffer) the poor farmers underwent. 　5　 he believed deep down was that the development of agriculture could relieve the shortage of food and thus help those farmers out.
The book, which is comprised of 92 chapters in 10 volumes and nearly 120,000 characters, 　6　 (cover) a wide range of topics and records on production experience and methods. It includes advice on farming, fishery and sideline occupations. In the book, he emphasized the importance of seed breeding 　7　 (generate) better varieties.
Qimin Yaoshu was first distributed mainly among common people. In the late Tang Dynasty, the book was introduced to Japan. So far, the book 　8　 (translate) into several languages. Qimin Yaoshu is considered 　9　 an important summary of farming knowledge. At present, it is still studied by Chinese farmers and students 　10　 (major) in agriculture.
1. 　earliest 2. 　a　
3. 　widely 4. 　suffering　
5. 　What 6. 　covers　
7. 　to generate 8. 　has been translated　
9. 　as 10. 　majoring　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国历史上著名的农学家贾思勰及其所著的农业百科全书《齐民要术》,详细阐述了该书的背景、内容、影响以及贾思勰的农业理念。
1. earliest　【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。句意:北魏末年,他撰写了中国现存的最早、最完整的农业百科全书《齐民要术》。根据句意及空格后的and most complete可知,此处应用形容词early的最高级earliest。
2. a　【解析】 考查冠词。句意:童年时,贾家并不富裕,但有一批丰富的藏书。此处泛指一批丰富的藏书,空格处应使用不定冠词;又因rich发音以辅音音素开头,空格处应使用a。
3. widely　【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰动词read,应使用wide的副词形式widely作状语。
4. suffering　【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处位于介词of之后,应使用suffer的名词形式suffering作saw的宾语。
5. What　【解析】 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导主语从句,并在从句中充当宾语,应使用连接代词what;又因空格处位于句首,首字母应大写。
6. covers　【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文可知,此处应用一般现在时;又因主语The book表达单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填covers。
7. to generate　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为emphasized,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;generate和主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用动词不定式形式作目的状语。
8. has been translated　【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。根据上文中的So far可知,此处应用现在完成时;分析句子结构可知,动词和主语构成动宾关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态;又因主语the book表达单数概念,故填has been translated。
9. as　【解析】 考查介词。consider…as…意为“认为……是……”,为固定搭配。
10. majoring　【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为is studied,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;major和主语students构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用动词-ing形式作后置定语。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P87]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Salads of the future may still be served in bowls, but their ingredients might be grown in skyscrapers. That’s the hope of scientists and architects who are setting up a unique plan to feed an increasing population on a planet with limited farmland.
“In another 40 years, there’ll be another three billion people. That’s the problem,” said Dickson Despommier, a professor of public health at Colombia University. One solution is to grow everything from salad grains to main grains year-round in high-rise buildings at the hearts of urban centres. This so-called vertical (垂直的) farming could put food within easy reach for billions of people while reducing carbon emissions (碳排放) from shipping crops across continents and oceans.
“It is based on technologies already in use throughout the world, mainly high-tech greenhouses,” Despommier said. For example, many existing greenhouses use hydroponics, a technique for growing crops in smaller spaces using water instead of soil.
But for now high-rise farming remains just an idea. One challenge is how to build the greenhouses so that layers of crops get enough light to be grown in a vertical structure. Despommier says that architects are already designing buildings to harvest the maximum amount of natural light. What’s more, by using new energy sources such as hydrothermal power (水热能) and wind power, these buildings don’t necessarily have to look like skyscrapers.
Another consideration is creating a vertical farm design that would be economically practical. Despommier said he was particularly interested in Eco-Laboratory. It would be just 12 stories tall and would mix houses with gardens that produce food for the local neighbourhood.
“This was an attempt at something that seemed practical to a developer,” said project designer Myer Harrell. People might tend the crops, or they might assign the work to outside agricultural firms and later purchase the crops at a local market.
Harrell believes breaking ground on Eco-Laboratory or a similar small building could be probable within the next few years, as people become more interested in self-sufficiency (自足) such as growing their own food.
(　D　)1. According to Despommier,vertical farming can 　　　　.
A. produce crops with more nutrients
B. provide enough food for the world population
C. reduce farmers’ cost of growing crops
D. be helpful in slowing down global warming
(　B　)2. What does Harrell think of Eco-Laboratory
A. Expensive.　　 B. Workable.
C. Fantastic.　 D. Difficult.
(　C　)3. All of the following are advantages of vertical farming EXCEPT that 　　　　.
A. it creates year-round crop production
B. it makes use of less farmlands
C. it is far away from urban centres
D. it offers opportunities of self-sufficiency for citizens 　
(　C　)4. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage
A. Vertical Farming: the Pride of Architects
B. Skyscrapers: the Base of Growing Crops
C. High-rise Farms: the Future of Food
D. Greenhouses:the Promise of Free Carbon Emissions 　
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了垂直农业将成为未来解决粮食短缺问题的办法,并预测了它的前景。
1. D　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This so-called vertical (垂直的) farming could…while reducing carbon emissions (碳排放)…”可知,垂直农业的实施将有助于降低碳排放量,从而有利于减缓大气变暖。
2. B　【解析】 观点态度题。根据第六段中的“This was an attempt at something that seemed practical to a developer”及最后一段中的“Harrell believes breaking ground…could be probable within the next few years”可知,Harrell认为垂直农业是切实可行的。
3. C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One solution is to grow everything…in high-rise buildings at the hearts of urban centres.”可知,垂直农业通常建在市中心。
4. C　【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了垂直农业将成为未来解决粮食短缺问题的办法,并预测了它的前景。因此C项“高层农场:食品的未来”适合作为本文标题。
Ⅱ. 书面表达
读后续写
文体感知 在进行续写时,首先要构建出写作框架。在构思时,还要进行情节扩充,让续写的文字有血有肉。建议围绕“五所”进行表述,即所见(环境描写/人物描写/神态描写)、所闻(语言描写)、所说(语言描写)、所思(心理描写)、所做(动作描写),并对此进行设问,从而丰富续写文章的主要情节。
【素材】
When I was little, I lived in a house with a beautiful garden full of all kinds of flowers, and roses were the most beautiful of them. There was nothing I enjoyed more than sitting in the garden with my mother as she read stories to me. When I was in primary school and old enough to read, I enjoyed reading stories aloud to her.
I will never forget one day when I was in the third grade. I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had rehearsed (排练) my lines (台词) so hard with me. But no matter how easily I acted at home, as soon as I stepped on stage, every word disappeared from my head. Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained that she had written a narrator’s (旁白) part to the play, and asked me to change roles. Her words, kindly expressed, still hurt, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn’t tell my mother what had happened when I went home after school that day. But she sensed my pain. Instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to take a walk in the garden.
It was May and roses were blossoming and, under the trees, we could also see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) in the grass. “I think I’m going to dig up all these weeds,” she said, pulling one dandelion up by its roots. “From now on, we’ll have only roses in this garden.”
“But I like dandelions,” I protested. “All flowers are beautiful—even dandelions.”
My mother looked at me seriously. “Yes, every flower is beautiful in its own way, isn’t it ” she asked thoughtfully. I nodded, pleased that I had won her over. “And that is true of people too,” she added. “Not everyone can be a princess, but there is no shame in that.” Aware that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry as I told her what had happened. She listened and smiled gently.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said. _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After the play, I took home the flower. ______________________________________
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【审题谋篇】
文章以时间为线索展开,讲述了作者因不能扮演公主而失落的故事。学生需站在作者的角度,写出妈妈的开导过程和作者之后的表现。人称应使用第一人称,时态以一般过去时为主。
根据续写第一段的开头语可知,作者在妈妈的鼓励和启发下,决定扮演好叙述者的角色。再结合续写第二段开头语可知,演出当天作者收到一株蒲公英,成功克服了紧张的心理,顺利完成了演出。学生可描写作者把花带回家后妈妈的处理方式,以及作者从这次经历中得到的收获。
【妙笔成篇】
范文:
Paragraph 1:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said. It reminded me how much I loved to read stories aloud to her. The narrator’s part is just as the part of a princess. Her wise words inspired me with courage and confidence. But on the evening of the performance, I suddenly felt nervous backstage again. My teacher came over to me. “Your mother asked me to give you this,” she said, handing me a dandelion. Looking at it, I knew my mother was out there for me, which calmed me down.
Paragraph 2:
After the play, I took home the flower. 　　　
My mother made it into a dried flower and put it into a glass bottle. Every time I see it, I am reminded of this unforgettable experience. I have taken part in many school plays, tried different roles and made speeches ever since. Gradually, I’ve become really good at performing and public speaking, seldom feeling nervous onstage now. For this, I am forever grateful to my mother, who have made me what I am today.
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P90]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. n.+-y→adj.
salt→　salty　 adj.咸的
snow→　snowy　 adj.下雪的　
cloud→　cloudy　 adj.多云的　
rain→　rainy　 adj.阴雨的　
dust→　dusty　 adj.布满灰尘的　
luck→　lucky　 adj.幸运的
dirt→　dirty　 adj.脏的
2. v.+-sion→n.
expand→　expansion　 n.扩展;延伸　
extend→　extension　 n.延长;伸展　
divide→　division　 n.划分;除法　
persuade→　persuasion　 n.说服;劝说
explode→　explosion　 n.爆炸
conclude→　conclusion　 n.结论
3. n.(-tion结尾)+-al→adj.
convention→　conventional　 adj.传统的
nutrition→　nutritional　 adj.营养的
addition→　additional　 adj.附加的;额外的
nation→　national　 adj.国家的
tradition→　traditional　 adj.传统的
emotion→　emotional　 adj.情感的
education→　educational　 adj.教育的　
4. adj.+-th→n.
deep→　depth　 n.深度
wide→　width　 n.宽度
long→　length　 n.长度
strong→　strength　 n.力气;强项
young→　youth　 n.年轻;青春
true→　truth　 n.真理;真相
5. en-+n.→vt.
vision→　envision　 vt.展望;想象
courage→　encourage　 vt.鼓励
danger→　endanger　 vt.危害;危及
force→　enforce　 vt.强迫;强制执行
roll→　enroll　 vt.(使)加入;注册
title→　entitle　 vt.给……命名
6. v.+(或去e)-ive→adj.
alternate→　alternative　 adj.可供替代的
attract→　attractive　 adj.吸引人的
addict→　addictive　 adj.使人上瘾的
interact→　interactive　 adj.互动的
create→　creative　 adj.创造的;创造性的
relate→　relative　 adj.相对的;比较的;相关的
7. v.+oneself+to (介词)→及物动词短语
devote oneself to 　献身于……;专心于……　
apply oneself to 　致力于……;专心于……　
commit oneself to 　奉献于……　
【v.+oneself+to (介词)短语拓展】
accustom oneself to 　习惯于……　
adapt oneself to 　适应……　
adjust oneself to 　适应……　
8. v.+sb of→及物动词短语
convince sb of 　使某人相信……　
remind sb of 　使某人想起……　
accuse sb of 　控告某人某事　
【v.+sb of短语拓展】
inform sb of　通知某人某事　
rob sb of 　抢劫某人某物　　　　
suspect sb of 　怀疑某人某事　
warn sb of 　警告某人某事　
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. We need a holiday to 　boost　 (使增长) our spirits.
2. 　Convinced　 (convince) that he was wrong, he felt very sad.
3. India 　attained　 (取得) independence in 1947, after decades of struggle.
4. We are working on the 　assumption　 (assume) that everyone invited will turn up.
5. A survey found that people aged between 15 and 24 experienced loneliness more often and more 　intensely　 (intense) than any other age group.
6. Fear is something that you are born with. You can’t rid yourself of it completely but you can 　overcome　 (克服) certain fears under certain conditions.
7. The province is 　comprised　 (comprise) of 20 counties.
8. She likes keeping 　domestic　 (家养的) birds and has never tried wild birds.
9. The boy sat there, playing with his toy 　leisurely　 (leisure) and carefree.
10. If you are a 　celebrity　 (名人), you are headline news.
11. They 　envision　 (vision) an equal society, free of poverty and disease.
12. 　Reality　 (现实) is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, but the way they actually are.　
13. His analysis of 　urban　 (城镇的) use of agricultural land has been proved 　essentially　 (essential) correct.
14. He will appeal to the state for an 　extension　 (extend) of unemployment benefits.
15. Food 　shortages　 (short) are 　widespread　 (普遍的) in some African countries.
16. In our school, the students have three required courses and seven 　alternative　 (可供选择的) courses.
17. You should consider all 　aspects　 (方面) of your decision, negative as well as positive.
18. Even if you plant the seed upside down, the 　roots　 (根) will still grow down.
19. This is a new subject and needs to be explored in 　depth　 (deep).
20. The director plans to expand the firm 　into　 an international company.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 很多科学家致力于解决现代生活所产生的污染问题的研究,但要完全解决这个问题还有很长的路要走。
Many scientists 　have devoted themselves to　 the study of solving the pollution problem 　generated　 by modern life. But 　there is still a long way to go　 to 　tackle　 it 　entirely　.
2. 据估计,全球每年有数百万人死于饥饿和贫穷。一方面,他们所居住的地区,因天气恶劣和缺水,经常歉收。另一方面,土壤贫瘠,含盐量过高,谷物也长不好,产量也不会高。
　It is estimated that　 millions of people worldwide die of hunger and 　poverty　 every year. For one thing, in the places where they live, due to the bad weather and a 　shortage　 of water, the harvest often fails. For another, the 　soil　 is poor, containing too much 　salt　, so the 　grain　 is not growing well, and the 　yield/output　 is not high.
3. 有机农业的特点:在种植作物的过程中,不用化肥、农药,而采用有机肥来满足作物的营养需求。它的发展不仅可以帮助解决现代农业带来的一系列问题,尤其是环境污染和能源消耗问题,还能使土壤富含矿物质,没有病害。
The 　characteristic　 of 　organic　 agriculture is that in the process of planting crops, 　organic fertiliser　 is used to meet the 　nutritional　 needs of crops instead of 　chemical fertilisers　 and 　pesticides　. Its development can not only help solve a series of problems 　brought about　 by modern agriculture, especially the 　environmental　 pollution and energy 　consumption　 but also keep the soil 　rich in minerals　 and 　free of　 disease.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. 　That　 you don’t like him is none of my business.
2. 　Whether　 we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. 　Who　 is going to do the job will be decided by the committee.
4. 　Why/That　 he won’t go there is clear to all of us.
5. 　Where/When　 the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
6. 　Whether　 you come or not is up to you.
7. 　Whoever　 makes mistakes must correct them.
8. 　Which　 team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
9. 　That　 we go swimming every day 　does　 (do) us a lot of good.
10. It is thought 　that　 Bob drives badly.
11. It’s uncertain 　whether　 the experiment is worth doing.
12. 　What　 we can’t get seems better than 　what　 we have.
13. 　What　 worries many people is that these chemicals may even cause cancer.
14. 　Who　 will be made captain of our team is still unknown, but one thing is certain: 　whoever　 is put in this position is to lead us out of the present difficulty.
15. What we can’t get 　seems　 (seem) better than what we have.
16. It is said 　that　 he is focusing on a book on space exploration. But 　when　 it will come out is up in the air.
17. We believe 　what　 you have been devoted to is naturally of great necessity.
18. 　Whoever　 leaves the room last must make sure 　that　 all the windows are shut.
19. It really matters 　how　 we treat failure, for failure teaches success.
20. I know it is important to know my own limitation, but 　what　 is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
21. 　What　 I want to know is 　which　 road we should take.
Ⅴ. 语言运用
假设最近你班同学在英语课上就“化学耕作与有机耕作哪个更好”这一话题开展了一次讨论,请你根据下表提供的信息写一篇英文短文,介绍你们讨论的情况,并给出你的观点。
50%的同学支持化学耕作 50%的同学支持有机耕作
1. 有机耕作产量低,化学耕作农作物生长快,产量高,有利于解决人口饥饿问题。 2. 化学肥可以使农作物免受病虫害,食品卖相佳。 1. 有机耕作使用动物粪便等有机肥,有利于保护环境。　 2. 化学耕作破坏环境和有害人体健康,有机食物更营养,有利于人体健康。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
范文:
Recently, our class had a heated discussion about the issue of chemical farming and organic farming. Different students hold different views.
Students who are in favour of chemical farming maintain that it has a number of benefits to do it. To begin with, they think crops grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow faster than those of organic farming and are high in production, thus relieving the starvation problem around the world. In addition, chemical farming is a great way to fight crop diseases and make crops look beautiful on the outside. While those who are greatly opposed to chemical farming argue that organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertilizer, making the soil rich in minerals, and in turn they protect the environment. Nevertheless, not only do chemical pesticides kill insects but some crucial minerals. More importantly, organic food is generally more nutritious than food grown with man-made chemicals, avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.
As far as I’m concerned, I prefer organic farming to chemical farming.

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