资源简介

Unit 4　Natural Disasters
夯基培优练(一)
(Listening & Speaking) [P55]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Thousands of people died in the natural .
2. Reading in poor light does to your eyes.
3. The river had burst its banks and the valley.
4. Scientists don’t know where and when a storm will touch the ground and turn into a .
5. With more and more forests (destroy), some birds are faced with the danger of dying out.
6. He bravely went into the burning house (rescue) the baby.
7. The soldiers built for those homeless people.
8. Hearing the terrifying news, nothing could have stopped me from feeling scared to (die).
9. Many places in the northern part of Asia are terribly short of water because of years of .
10. Exhausted, I (slide) into bed and fell fast asleep.
11. We are concerned about the weather because it a what we wear and even how we feel.
12. The fire is threatening about sixty homes, and residents (evacuate) the area so far.
13. The mountain climbers trapped in the storm were finally rescued by a .　
14. When a erupts, it explodes and sends smoke, fire and rocks into the sky.
15. A 9.0 earthquake rocked the northeast coast of the city, shaking so many buildings.
16. The boy was caught (cheat) in the final exam and was punished by the teacher.
17. He appeared (concentrate) as he tried to solve the difficult math problem.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
rescue workers/teams　　 slide into
cause/do damage to set up shelters
be flooded with flood-hit area
natural disasters refer to
1. The steward (乘务员) opened the door of the spaceship and Xiao Qiang sideways his seat.
2. worked tirelessly for days to find survivors after the earthquake.
3. Being addicted to online games our mental and physical health.
4. The city in schools and community centres for people affected by the wildfire.
5. In this sentence, the pronoun “it” the book on the table.
6. Some say that the streets would roses and chocolates again, but the Chinese customs are not totally forgotten.
7. Once the balance of nature is broken, are likely to strike in ways beyond imagination.
8. Volunteers have flocked to the to offer their help.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
★damage vt. 损害;破坏 n. 损坏;损失 damages [pl.] 赔偿金
【归纳拓展】
do/cause damage to 对……造成损害
suffer damage 遭受伤害
【即学即练】
1. 他们要求十万美元赔偿金。
They are seeking of $100,000.
2. 许多建筑物在战争中严重受损。
Many buildings during the war.
3. 大风使屋顶严重受损。
Strong winds had the roof.
4. 医生们担心他可能受到了脑损伤。
The doctors were worried that he might have .
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Forces other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes. Sometimes, as the wind passes a house, the walls and ceiling burst apart as if a bomb had gone off inside. This explosion (爆炸) is caused by the low air pressure at the centre of a tornado.
The pressure at the centre of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However, inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch. The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado passes over a small building that measures 20 by 10 by 10 feet. On each square inch of the building, there are 2 pounds of pressure from the inside that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57,600 pounds. The pressure of the four walls adds up to 172,800 pounds.
If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them. This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building. But if the windows are shut tightly, the huge inside pressure may cause the building to burst.
Unfortunately, heavy rain often occurs in the storms that later produce tornadoes, so people often shut their windows. This may cause far worse damage later.
( )1. What did the paragraph before this passage most probably discuss
A. Measuring rainfall from a storm.
B. The powerful winds of tornadoes.
C. The kinds of damage caused by explosions.
D. Repairing the damage from tornadoes.
( )2. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage
A. How tornadoes can be prevented.
B. When tornadoes usually occur.
C. Where tornadoes are formed.
D. Why tornadoes cause so much damage.
( )3. What is the difference per square inch between the air pressure inside a building and the air pressure inside a tornado
A. 2 pounds. B. 10 pounds.
C. 13 pounds. D. 15 pounds.
( )4. Why do people shut windows when tornadoes occur
A. Because the wind is strong.
B. Because there is a heavy rain.
C. Because the weather is foggy.
D. Because the weather is cold.
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
　　In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms (雷雨) are common. 　1　 In thunderstorms, lightning can strike people and buildings and is very dangerous.
It was reported that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phone call under a tree. He died at once. You may not know it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world. 　2　 So what should you do during a lightning storm Scientists say that a person’s chances of being struck by lightning are 1 in 600,000. 　3　
If you are indoors during a thunderstorm:
Stay away from anything that is metal because lightning can come into the house through it.
Don’t stand near the windows.
Don’t take a shower or bath. Lightning can travel through water.
If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors:
Never use the phone. 　4　
　5　 If there’s no building around, try to find a low place to stay in.
Do not go under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you.
A. But you can reduce those chances by following these safety rules. B. But it is very important for us to learn about lightning. C. Lightning could travel through the phone line and hit you. D. In fact, many people are killed by lightning every year. E. Try to get home as soon as possible. F. Since they happen often, some people don’t take them seriously. G. Go into a nearby building or car right away.
1. 　2. 　3. 　4.
5.
Ⅵ. 语法填空
Earthquakes are a kind of 　1　 (nature) disasters. They usually come 　2　 warning. An earthquake is dangerous, 　3　 there are still things you can do to protect 　4　 (you).
Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of 　5　 (survive) in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. 　6　 (stay) calm is not easy, but it can save your life.
If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under 　7　 table or a bed. You need to have something 　8　 (strength) around you to protect you from 　9　 (fall) objects. Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects.
Remember to always hope for the 　10　 (good) but prepare for the worst.
1. 　　　 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Reading & Thinking) [P58]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Don’t mention it again, or it will remind her of the (suffer) she has gone through.
2. The soldiers were sent to the earthquake stricken area immediately to save the people (trap) in the ruins.
3. “If you go on stealing, you (ruin) your bright future, young man!” said the judge.
4. The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, (bury) herself in the book in her hands.
5. When you watch her dance it looks so (effort)—she is a natural dancer.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
come to an end　　　　　　 in ruins
get back up on one’s feet in shock
as if in times of
hundreds of thousands of the rest of
medical care stay positive
1. He stood there , unable to believe what had just happened.
2. It seemed he wasn’t satisfied with your work.
3. A big fire left the house when I was very young.
4. The meeting after two hours of intense discussion.
5. When facing the tough exam, it’s important to and not let stress get the better of you.
6. Everyone should have access to basic .　
7. people come to this city every year to look for job opportunities.
8. She was really sad after the breakup, but she managed to and started a new life.
9. the students will go on the field trip tomorrow.
10. disaster, the rescue teams work around the clock to save lives.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★bury vt. 埋葬;安葬
【归纳拓展】
burial n. 埋葬;葬礼
bury oneself in 埋头于……;专心致志于……
be buried in 埋头于……;专心致志于……
bury one’s head in the sand
逃避现实;不愿面对困难
bury one’s face in one’s hands 用手掩面
bury the past 忘却过去;埋藏过去
bury one’s feelings
隐藏感情;不表露自己的感情
【即学即练】
(1)他总是隐藏自己的感情,从不向别人表露。
He always and never shows them to others.
(2)是时候让你忘却过去,开始新的生活了。
It’s time for you to and start a new life.
(3)她双手掩面开始啜泣。
She and began to sob.
2. ★suffer vt. 遭受;蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suffering n. 疼痛;折磨;痛苦
【归纳拓展】
suffer sth 经历了……;遭受了……
suffer from 患 (某种病); 受 (某种病痛)折磨; 因 (疾病)而痛或不舒服
suffer for 因……而遭受痛苦;因……而受罚
make sb suffer 使某人受苦;折磨某人
in suffering 在受苦;处于痛苦之中
【即学即练】
(1)我想他妻子离开他时,他一定很痛苦。
I think he a lot when his wife left him.
(2)报道无法传递那种战争造成的难以言说的苦难。
No report can convey the unspeakable that this war has caused.
(3)她患癌症已经有两年了。
She’s been cancer for two years.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句:It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
1. Simon looks as if he never (get) a square meal (一顿饱饭), though his parents feed him very well.
2. 她照顾这个男孩就像他是自己的儿子一样。
3. 他向我们讲述的就好像他去过那儿一样。
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Children need to be prepared for an earthquake as much as adults, if not more. For babies and children, special 　1　 should be paid to making their environment as safe as possible. Their beds should be placed 　2　 from windows and tall, unsteady bookcases and shelves that could 　3　.
At the very least a 72-hour 　4　 of extra water, bottles, food, juices, clothing, plenty of diapers (尿布), baby wipes and ready medicines should be 　5　 where it is most likely to get 　6　 an earthquake. Also keep an extra diaper bag with these things in your car. Store baby cars, blankets and baby beds with right wheels to put babies in to leave in time, if 　7　. Set soft pads (垫子) in baby beds or baby cars to 　8　 babies during the shaking.
By age three or so, children can 　9　 what an earthquake is and how to get ready for one. Take the time to explain what 　10　 earthquakes according to what they’ll understand. Include your children in family discussions and planning for earthquake 　11　. Take drills and review safety procedures (步骤) every six months. Show children the safest places to be in each room when an earthquake hits. Also show them all 　12　 exits from each room. Teach children what to do 　13　 they are during an earthquake(at school, in a tall building, outdoors). Make sure children’s emergency cards at school are up-to-date.
　14　 children should not turn off any lights, it’s important that they know what gas smells like. Advise children to tell a(n) 　15　 if they smell gas after an earthquake.
( )1. A. advice B. warn
C. attention D. help
( )2. A. nearby B. down
C. across D. away
( )3. A. break down B. fall down
C. come down D. turn down
( )4. A. supply B. number
C. amount D. deal
( )5. A. taken B. left
C. stored D. bought
( )6. A. before B. during
C. since D. after
( )7. A. important B. necessary
C. easy D. hard
( )8. A. protect B. lay
C. relax D. drive
( )9. A. call B. understand
C. expect D. guess
( )10. A. changes B. affects
C. prevents D. causes
( )11. A. reason B. result
C. safety D. truth
( )12. A. similar B. different
C. equal D. possible
( )13. A. wherever B. whatever
C. whenever D. whoever
( )14. A. Although B. Because
C. If D. Besides
( )15. A. person B. adult
C. stranger D. friend
Ⅵ. 阅读理解
We often hear the saying, “You have a greater chance of being struck by lightning than…” It is used to describe something that hasn’t got much chance of happening. However, this common saying undermines (削弱) the very real danger of lightning.
Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths among natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those, about 73 people die. More people are killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes.
Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention as other disasters.
To raise awareness (意识) of the damage of lightning the US has made June 22 to 28 National Lightning Safety Week. It aims to warn the public of the danger of lightning and provide safety tips about what to do during thunderstorms.
“If you can hear thunder, you are in danger of being struck by lightning,” said Rocky Lopes, a disaster educator at the American Red Cross.
“Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any minute, so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until the storm has ended. The single most important thing to remember is to find a hiding place,” Lopes said.
Summer is the time for most lightning storms, so when lightning strikes across the sky, remember these safety tips: Stop working, fishing, swimming or playing in an open area.
If you count less than ten seconds between the thunder and the lightning flash, take cover inside the nearest building. If that is not possible, follow these instructions:
Do not stand under a tree.
Do not use a mobile phone.
Get off bicycles or motorcycles.
Crouch (蹲) down if there is no hiding place.
( )1. The popular opinion about being struck by lightning is that 　　　　.
A. there is a greater chance of being killed by lightning than by any other natural disaster
B. it is the most dangerous among all the natural disasters
C. the chance that a person to be struck by lightning is very small
D. it is impossible for people to be killed by lightning
( )2. On average, about 　　　　of people struck by lightning die as a result.
A. 18% B. 50%
C. 30% D. 73%
( )3. Among all the safety tips, the most important one is that when you are outside and hear thunder you should 　　　　.
A. stand beside your bicycle or motorcycle
B. quickly find a place to hide
C. count ten seconds between the thunder and the lightning
D. not use a hair drier
夯基培优练(三)
(Discovering Useful Structures, Listening & Reading) [P61]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He took a deep breath to calm himself .　
2. Everyone who works for the railroad (supply) with a uniform.
3. The hospital has to treat (emergency) such as car accidents.
4. I will do everything in my to help you.
5. She (sweep) the ashes from the fireplace.
6. You have to allow for a time lag between order and (deliver).
7. Sadness came in (wave) after she heard the bad news.
8. The car into a tree and was badly damaged.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
first aid kit　　　　　　 stay away from
be expected to off the coast of
one third the length of sweep away
1. You finish your homework before you go to bed.
2. There is a small island Florida.
3. The tsunami everything in its path.
4. You should the fire. It’s dangerous.
5. In case of a fire, the near the exit can provide immediate help to those in need.
6. The new table is the old one, so it takes up much less space.
Ⅲ. 语法突破——定语从句
1. Any student family is too poor can get help from the government.
2. The foreigners visited our school yesterday are from Canada.
3. 1 July 1999 is the day we’ll never forget.
4. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
5. Those haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
6. The first thing you should do is to call the police right away.
7. This is the last time I’ve given you lessons.
8. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of sat a small boy.
9. I finally got the present I had dreamt of for many years.
10. The reason he explained sounds reasonable.
11. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.
12. That was the reason she looked old.
13. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who (give) us wonderful English lessons in our school.
14. Please send us all the information you have about this subject.
15. It is one of the best films have been shown recently.
16. The third place we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 　
17. is known to all, many satellites are going around in the sky.
18. The students and things you spoke of are known to us.
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Surviving Hurricane Sandy
Natalie Doan has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
29 October, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbours devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mum tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors (捐赠者) who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball;Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organisations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. She was invited to the White House and honoured as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars (创伤) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighbourhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
( )1. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found 　　　　.
A. some friends had lost their lives
B. her neighbourhood was destroyed
C. her school had moved to Brooklyn
D. the elderly were free from suffering
( )2. According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most 　
A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild.
B. The people trapped in high-rise buildings.
C. The volunteers donating money to survivors.
D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.
( )3. How did Natalie help the survivors
A. She gave her toys to other kids.
B. She took care of younger children.
C. She called on the White House to help.
D. She built an information sharing platform.
( )4. What does the story intend to tell us
A. Little people can make a big difference.
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C. East or West, home is best.
D. Technology is power.
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
Talking to Children about Disasters
Natural disasters are terrible events. They are difficult for adults and children. But adults should not be afraid to talk to children about natural disasters. 　1　 But talking can help children feel safer and less afraid of the future. Here are five things adults can do when children show fear of natural disasters.
First, adults should be willing to talk with children. When children are allowed to talk about their fears, they feel safer. Sometimes, the best thing an adult can do is just listen. 　2　
Second, 　3　 When answering their questions, it is best to give short, honest answers. If you do not know the answer, you can be honest and say that you do not know.
Third, it is important to wait until a child is ready to talk about a natural disaster. Adults should not force children to talk.
Fourth, help children feel safe. 　4　 One way is very simple: adults can tell frightened children that they love them. It is also important for children to do the same things they do every day. Simple things like going to school and eating dinner can help children feel normal.
Fifth, use activities to help children communicate their fears. Heshani was 13 when the Indian Ocean tsunami ruined her house in Sri Lank One year later, she was still living under the shadow of the natural disaster. She did not like to visit her ruined house. And she did not want to talk about the problems her family had. However, she loved to write. 　5　 Writing poems was a way for her to share her fears since she did not like to talk about them.
A. let children ask questions.
B. There are many ways to do this.
C. Talking cannot stop natural disasters from happening.
D. learning is of great importance to adults.
E. We should feel safe first.
F. Whatever the fear is, it is important to listen and be patient with the child.
G. And she often shared her feelings about the tsunami in her poems.
1. 　2. 　3. 　4.
5.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P64]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
On Saturday 24 August 1918, it was raining cats and dogs and thundering over a city called Sunderland on the northeast coast of England. The storm lasted for only about ten minutes. People were surprised to see that it was not just rainwater falling from the sky. There were fish falling down, too! People came out to find out what was happening. They could not believe their own eyes. There were thousands of fish—sand eels (沙鳗)—lying on the ground. They were about seven centimetres long, and all were frozen solid.
Sand eels swim together in large groups, often in sandy water, and are often found in large numbers in the North Sea, which reaches out to the east of Sunderland. How was it possible for these sand eels to fall from the sky and land on Sunderland
Scientists believed the heavy thunderstorm that afternoon may have caused a waterspout (海龙卷). Waterspouts can be formed when strong winds move quickly in a circle over water. They are so powerful, anything less than one metre in length can be taken into them and forced into the clouds. The clouds carry whatever has been taken into them for long distances—sometimes over 150 kilometres. It’s very cold up there and everything soon freezes solid.
For hundreds of years there have been reports of small animals being taken into the sky through waterspouts. In 2009, dead tadpoles (蝌蚪) rained down on the city of Nanao in Japan. In 2012, fifty kilos of prawns (对虾) fell from the sky over Sri Lanka. In 2017, fish fell on the coastal city of Tampico in Mexico.
It must be a very strange experience to see fish raining down on you. It would probably hurt if one fell on your head! With climate change, global warming and many reports of terrible natural disasters, will the time ever come when it may really begin to rain cats and dogs
( )1. What was the rain like on 24 August 1918
A. It was very heavy.
B. It fell around England.
C. It lasted quite a long time.
D. It caused many human deaths.
( )2. What do we know about the sand eels that landed on Sunderland
A. They were few in number.
B. They came in different sizes.
C. They were still alive when landing.
D. They probably came from the North Sea.
( )3. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Clouds.
B. Waterspouts.
C. Strong winds.
D. The waters of the sea.
( )4. In the end, what does the author probably care most about
A. Our health.
B. Our environment.
C. The wild animals.
D. The news reports.
B
The deserts of the world are not all covered by sand. Many of them have surfaces of rock or clay (黏土) or small stones. They are not flat, either. They often have high hills and deep valleys. There is some plant life in many parts of the desert. There is little rain in the desert, but it does not fall often enough for most plants.
The deserts of the world are not uninhabited (not lived by people). People also live outside oases (绿洲), but these people are not farmers. They have camels, goats, donkeys, sheep, etc. These animals can live on the desert plants and do not need much water.
The people of the desert have to move constantly from place to place; they must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in tents. When there is no more food for their animals, they fold up their tents, load them onto their camels and donkeys, and move to another place. In good years, when there is enough food for their animals, they trade their skins and their goats and camel hairs with the people of oases for wheat and fruit. But in bad years, when there is not enough food for their animals, the people of the desert would attack the oases people. But they are also hospitable; no man in the desert would refuse to give a stranger food and water.
( )5. According to the passage, deserts are mostly made up of 　　　　.
A. clay B. rock
C. sand D. stones
( )6. The underlined word “hospitable” has the meaning of being 　　　　.
A. brave B. cruel
C. strange D. kind
( )7. In the desert, 　　　　.
A. it rains in spring only
B. it rains for a short time every month
C. there is some rain, but far from enough
D. the rainfall is just enough for the plants
( )8. According to the passage, people live 　　　　.
A. only inside the oases
B. only outside the oases
C. both inside and outside the oases
D. in places with regular rainfalls
Ⅱ. 书面表达
祝贺信
文体感知
概念:祝贺信是个人或团体向其他集体单位或个人表示祝贺的一种专用书信。祝贺信已成为表彰、赞扬、庆贺对方在某个方面所作贡献的一种常用形式。
内容安排:
第一部分:表明写信目的,并向对方表示祝贺。
第二部分:概括说明对方所取得的成绩,分析其成功的原因,列举对方的优点及品质。
第三部分:进行总结,再次向对方表示祝贺。
【素材】
假定你是学生会主席李华,你校学生Peter在全市机器人大赛中获得了第一名。请你根据以下提示,用英语写一封信,向他表示祝贺,内容包括:
1. 恭喜他获奖;
2. 对他的努力与成功进行积极的评价;
3. 说明计划为他庆祝的方式。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 诚挚的祝贺
2. 值得庆祝
3. 设计机器人
4. 实现某人的目标
5. 极大的荣誉
6. 庆功宴
【句式】
亮点句式
☆I am much/extremely delighted to learn that…
☆I am writing to extend…to you.
☆I know how talented you are in…
☆Your success is a great honour for…
☆A celebration party will be held for in your honour…
☆I wish you even greater success in the future.
完成句子
1. 我很高兴得知你在全市机器人大赛中获得了第一名。
I that you have emerged as the first-place winner in the city’s robot contest.
2. 我写信向你表示衷心的祝贺。
I am writing to to you.
3. 毫无疑问,你的成功对你和我们学校来说都是莫大的荣誉。
, your success is a for both you and our school.
【妙笔成篇】
Dear Peter,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P67]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. adj.+-ly→adv.
true→ adv.真诚地
calm→ adv.镇定地
【adj.+-ly拓展】
sure→ adv.肯定地
bad→ adv.严重地
2. v.+-(e)d→adj.
shock→ adj.感到震惊的
damage→ adj.遭到破坏的
【v.+-(e)d拓展】
confuse→ adj.迷惑的
disappoint→ adj.失望的
3. v.+-ing→adj.
burn→ adj.强烈的;炽热的
miss→ adj.丢失的
【v.+-ing拓展】
support→ adj.支撑的;次要的
excite→ adj.激动的
4. v.+-(e)r→n.
suffer→ n.患病者;受苦者;受难者
rescue→ n.救助者
【v.+-(e)r拓展】
report→ n.记者
work→ n.工人
5. in+n.→介词短语
in ruins
【in+n.短语拓展】
in shock
in danger
6. v.+out→及物动词短语
dig out
【v.+out短语拓展】
find out
hand out
carry out
7. v.+into→及物动词短语
crash into
bring into
【v.+into短语拓展】
turn into
burst into
go into
look into
get into
break into
8. v.+out of→及物动词短语
come out of
run out of
【v.+out of短语拓展】
jump out of
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. The treasure (dig) out of the earth was a box of gold coins.
2. After the earthquake, many buildings (destroy), but the local people still repaired the (damage) ones and rebuilt the new ones to keep their hometown from coming (ruin).
3. People to see that the UFO was flying over the city. The news all the people around, which was also a great to people all over the country.(shock)
4. It’s a wonder that the worker (trap) underground for a week was found alive.
5. She sat there silently, with her face (bury) in hands.
6. The parents were more than grateful to the man who (rescue) their son from drowning.
7. More (shelter) for the homeless should be built in some big cities.
8. What’s worse, both water supply and (electric) were cut off in the flood-hit area.
9. One of history’s worst natural (disaster) occurred in that year.
10. It is the (suffer) I’ve gone through that make me stronger.
11. It was so funny a joke that we couldn’t help bursting laughter.
12. To tell the truth, I was too tired (move).
13. He speaks English as if he (be) an Englishman. 　
14. Many girls are reported to be going on a diet to stop their normal weight gain, some of even miss breakfast.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 一位记者说救援工作正在进行中。他们为在地震中受伤的人搭建了避难所,并且努力缓解幸存者的痛苦。
A said the work was on the way. They put up for in the and tried to ease the .
2. 这个骑自行车的人被眼前的景象震惊了。整座城市处于废墟之中,看起来好像一切都被摧毁了。
The was at what he saw. The whole city lay . It seemed everything was .
3. 一听到你成功的消息,我无法表达自己的喜悦,只能说声祝贺。
The moment I heard your success, I couldn’t myself but to say
4. 大量的矿工被困在矿井里。整个国家都对这场灾难感到惊恐。
miners were in the . And the whole was at the .
5. 考试结束了。学生们立刻跑出教室。然后他们笑了起来。
The exam was . The students rushed out of the classrooms . And they into laughter.
Ⅳ. 单元语法精练
1. —Who is the girl on the stage
—It is Jessica parents are famous pianists.
2. Wang Hua is the only person in our school will attend the meeting.
3. Jane has borrowed the book was written by Lu Xun.
4. The girl is giving the speech is my sister.
5. All the apples fall are eaten by wild boars (野猪).
6. Can you think of anyone could look after him
7. I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else’s fault.
8. He showed us a machine parts were too small to be seen.
9. She is the girl invention got the first prize in the school competition.
10. There seems to be nothing seems impossible for him in the world.
11. What do you think of the reason he gave at the meeting yesterday
12. The man is talking to our teacher is Betty’s father.
13. Thomas is a very friendly person I think is worth making friends with.
14. My sister has bought a new car colour is bright red.
15. I walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
16. I am interested in all you have said.
17. It is the most interesting thing I have ever met.
18. We are already experiencing a serious situation people are dying from diseases related to water.
19. My sister, as well as her classmates were late for class, (be) criticised by Mr Hunt.
20. The day I have been looking forward to will certainly come.
21.The director and his movies you have just talked about are really popular.
22. Step by Step is the only one of the books goes with the tape in the bookshop.
23. The problem you thought about just now has been completely settled.
24. Mary has two cats and a dog, but none of like eating meat.
25. Do you know the man is sitting behind Nancy
26. The people called yesterday want to buy the house.
27. Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement took courage.
28. Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognising their own strengths.
Ⅴ. 语法填空
I am deeply impressed by the great changes 　1　 have taken place in the school over the past three years. 　2　 12 May, 2008 a severe earthquake 　3　 (destroy) almost everything in the school, leaving badly damaged buildings. It is now, however, taking on a new look. Tall buildings have been put up, 　4　 (include) classrooms and laboratory buildings and a library. In the new environment, teachers and students are living 　5　 (happy) and working hard. It is really 　6　 (amaze) that the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school full of life.
Obviously, 　7　 the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today. It is love and concern that have brought about 　8　 great changes. Many hands make light work. We can work wonders 　9　 we units as a family, caring for others and helping those in need. Union is 　10　 (strong).
1. 　　　 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.Unit 4　Natural Disasters
夯基培优练(一)
(Listening & Speaking) [P55]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Thousands of people died in the natural 　disaster(s)　.
2. Reading in poor light does 　damage　 to your eyes.
3. The river had burst its banks and 　flooded　 the valley.
4. Scientists don’t know where and when a storm will touch the ground and turn into a 　tornado　.
5. With more and more forests 　destroyed　 (destroy), some birds are faced with the danger of dying out.
6. He bravely went into the burning house 　to rescue　 (rescue) the baby.
7. The soldiers built 　shelters　 for those homeless people.
8. Hearing the terrifying news, nothing could have stopped me from feeling scared to 　death　 (die).
9. Many places in the northern part of Asia are terribly short of water because of years of 　drought　.
10. Exhausted, I 　slid　 (slide) into bed and fell fast asleep.
11. We are concerned about the weather because it a　affects　 what we wear and even how we feel.
12. The fire is threatening about sixty homes, and residents 　have evacuated　 (evacuate) the area so far.
13. The mountain climbers trapped in the storm were finally rescued by a 　helicopter　.　
14. When a 　volcano　 erupts, it explodes and sends smoke, fire and rocks into the sky.
15. A 9.0 　magnitude　 earthquake rocked the northeast coast of the city, shaking so many buildings.
16. The boy was caught 　cheating　 (cheat) in the final exam and was punished by the teacher.
17. He appeared 　to concentrate　(concentrate) as he tried to solve the difficult math problem.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
rescue workers/teams　　 slide into
cause/do damage to set up shelters
be flooded with flood-hit area
natural disasters refer to
1. The steward (乘务员) opened the door of the spaceship and Xiao Qiang 　slid　 sideways 　into　 his seat.
2. 　Rescue workers/teams　 worked tirelessly for days to find survivors after the earthquake.
3. Being addicted to online games 　causes/does damage to　 our mental and physical health.
4. The city 　set up shelters　 in schools and community centres for people affected by the wildfire.
5. In this sentence, the pronoun “it”　refers to　 the book on the table.
6. Some say that the streets would 　be flooded with　 roses and chocolates again, but the Chinese customs are not totally forgotten.
7. Once the balance of nature is broken, 　natural disasters　 are likely to strike in ways beyond imagination.
8. Volunteers have flocked to the 　flood-hit area　 to offer their help.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
★damage vt. 损害;破坏 n. 损坏;损失 damages [pl.] 赔偿金
【归纳拓展】
do/cause damage to 对……造成损害
suffer damage 遭受伤害
【即学即练】
1. 他们要求十万美元赔偿金。
They are seeking 　damages　 of $100,000.
2. 许多建筑物在战争中严重受损。
Many buildings 　were badly damaged　 during the war.
3. 大风使屋顶严重受损。
Strong winds had 　caused serious damage to　 the roof.
4. 医生们担心他可能受到了脑损伤。
The doctors were worried that he might have 　suffered brain damage　.
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Forces other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes. Sometimes, as the wind passes a house, the walls and ceiling burst apart as if a bomb had gone off inside. This explosion (爆炸) is caused by the low air pressure at the centre of a tornado.
The pressure at the centre of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However, inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch. The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado passes over a small building that measures 20 by 10 by 10 feet. On each square inch of the building, there are 2 pounds of pressure from the inside that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57,600 pounds. The pressure of the four walls adds up to 172,800 pounds.
If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them. This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building. But if the windows are shut tightly, the huge inside pressure may cause the building to burst.
Unfortunately, heavy rain often occurs in the storms that later produce tornadoes, so people often shut their windows. This may cause far worse damage later.
(　C　)1. What did the paragraph before this passage most probably discuss
A. Measuring rainfall from a storm.
B. The powerful winds of tornadoes.
C. The kinds of damage caused by explosions.
D. Repairing the damage from tornadoes.
(　D　)2. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage
A. How tornadoes can be prevented.
B. When tornadoes usually occur.
C. Where tornadoes are formed.
D. Why tornadoes cause so much damage.
(　A　)3. What is the difference per square inch between the air pressure inside a building and the air pressure inside a tornado
A. 2 pounds. B. 10 pounds.
C. 13 pounds. D. 15 pounds.
(　B　)4. Why do people shut windows when tornadoes occur
A. Because the wind is strong.
B. Because there is a heavy rain.
C. Because the weather is foggy.
D. Because the weather is cold.
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
　　In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms (雷雨) are common. 　1　 In thunderstorms, lightning can strike people and buildings and is very dangerous.
It was reported that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phone call under a tree. He died at once. You may not know it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world. 　2　 So what should you do during a lightning storm Scientists say that a person’s chances of being struck by lightning are 1 in 600,000. 　3　
If you are indoors during a thunderstorm:
Stay away from anything that is metal because lightning can come into the house through it.
Don’t stand near the windows.
Don’t take a shower or bath. Lightning can travel through water.
If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors:
Never use the phone. 　4　
　5　 If there’s no building around, try to find a low place to stay in.
Do not go under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you.
A. But you can reduce those chances by following these safety rules. B. But it is very important for us to learn about lightning. C. Lightning could travel through the phone line and hit you. D. In fact, many people are killed by lightning every year. E. Try to get home as soon as possible. F. Since they happen often, some people don’t take them seriously. G. Go into a nearby building or car right away.
1. 　F　 　2. 　D　 　3. 　A　 　4. 　C　
5. 　G　
Ⅵ. 语法填空
Earthquakes are a kind of 　1　 (nature) disasters. They usually come 　2　 warning. An earthquake is dangerous, 　3　 there are still things you can do to protect 　4　 (you).
Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of 　5　 (survive) in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. 　6　 (stay) calm is not easy, but it can save your life.
If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under 　7　 table or a bed. You need to have something 　8　 (strength) around you to protect you from 　9　 (fall) objects. Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects.
Remember to always hope for the 　10　 (good) but prepare for the worst.
1. 　natural　　　　 2. 　without　
3. 　but 4. 　yourself　
5. 　survival 6. 　To stay/Staying　
7. 　a 8. 　strong　
9. 　falling 10. 　best　
夯基培优练(二)
(Reading & Thinking) [P58]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Don’t mention it again, or it will remind her of the 　suffering　 (suffer) she has gone through.
2. The soldiers were sent to the earthquake stricken area immediately to save the people 　trapped　 (trap) in the ruins.
3. “If you go on stealing, you 　will ruin　 (ruin) your bright future, young man!” said the judge.
4. The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, 　burying　 (bury) herself in the book in her hands.
5. When you watch her dance it looks so 　effortless　(effort)—she is a natural dancer.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
come to an end　　　　　　 in ruins
get back up on one’s feet in shock
as if in times of
hundreds of thousands of the rest of
medical care stay positive
1. He stood there 　in shock　, unable to believe what had just happened.
2. It seemed 　as if　 he wasn’t satisfied with your work.
3. A big fire left the house 　in ruins　 when I was very young.
4. The meeting 　came to an end　 after two hours of intense discussion.
5. When facing the tough exam, it’s important to 　stay positive　 and not let stress get the better of you.
6. Everyone should have access to basic 　medical care　.　
7. 　Hundreds of thousands of　 people come to this city every year to look for job opportunities.
8. She was really sad after the breakup, but she managed to 　get back up on her feet　 and started a new life.
9. 　The rest of　 the students will go on the field trip tomorrow.
10. 　In times of　 disaster, the rescue teams work around the clock to save lives.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★bury vt. 埋葬;安葬
【归纳拓展】
burial n. 埋葬;葬礼
bury oneself in 埋头于……;专心致志于……
be buried in 埋头于……;专心致志于……
bury one’s head in the sand
逃避现实;不愿面对困难
bury one’s face in one’s hands 用手掩面
bury the past 忘却过去;埋藏过去
bury one’s feelings
隐藏感情;不表露自己的感情
【即学即练】
(1)他总是隐藏自己的感情,从不向别人表露。
He always 　buries his feelings　 and never shows them to others.
(2)是时候让你忘却过去,开始新的生活了。
It’s time for you to 　bury the past　 and start a new life.
(3)她双手掩面开始啜泣。
She 　buried her face in her hands　 and began to sob.
2. ★suffer vt. 遭受;蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suffering n. 疼痛;折磨;痛苦
【归纳拓展】
suffer sth 经历了……;遭受了……
suffer from 患 (某种病); 受 (某种病痛)折磨; 因 (疾病)而痛或不舒服
suffer for 因……而遭受痛苦;因……而受罚
make sb suffer 使某人受苦;折磨某人
in suffering 在受苦;处于痛苦之中
【即学即练】
(1)我想他妻子离开他时,他一定很痛苦。
I think he 　suffered　 a lot when his wife left him.
(2)报道无法传递那种战争造成的难以言说的苦难。
No report can convey the unspeakable 　suffering　 that this war has caused.
(3)她患癌症已经有两年了。
She’s been 　suffering from　 cancer for two years.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句:It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
1. Simon looks as if he never 　got　 (get) a square meal (一顿饱饭), though his parents feed him very well.
2. 她照顾这个男孩就像他是自己的儿子一样。
　She looks after this boy as if he were her son.　
3. 他向我们讲述的就好像他去过那儿一样。
　He told us about it as if he had been there.　
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Children need to be prepared for an earthquake as much as adults, if not more. For babies and children, special 　1　 should be paid to making their environment as safe as possible. Their beds should be placed 　2　 from windows and tall, unsteady bookcases and shelves that could 　3　.
At the very least a 72-hour 　4　 of extra water, bottles, food, juices, clothing, plenty of diapers (尿布), baby wipes and ready medicines should be 　5　 where it is most likely to get 　6　 an earthquake. Also keep an extra diaper bag with these things in your car. Store baby cars, blankets and baby beds with right wheels to put babies in to leave in time, if 　7　. Set soft pads (垫子) in baby beds or baby cars to 　8　 babies during the shaking.
By age three or so, children can 　9　 what an earthquake is and how to get ready for one. Take the time to explain what 　10　 earthquakes according to what they’ll understand. Include your children in family discussions and planning for earthquake 　11　. Take drills and review safety procedures (步骤) every six months. Show children the safest places to be in each room when an earthquake hits. Also show them all 　12　 exits from each room. Teach children what to do 　13　 they are during an earthquake(at school, in a tall building, outdoors). Make sure children’s emergency cards at school are up-to-date.
　14　 children should not turn off any lights, it’s important that they know what gas smells like. Advise children to tell a(n) 　15　 if they smell gas after an earthquake.
(　C　)1. A. advice B. warn
C. attention D. help
(　D　)2. A. nearby B. down
C. across D. away
(　B　)3. A. break down B. fall down
C. come down D. turn down
(　A　)4. A. supply B. number
C. amount D. deal
(　C　)5. A. taken B. left
C. stored D. bought
(　D　)6. A. before B. during
C. since D. after
(　B　)7. A. important B. necessary
C. easy D. hard
(　A　)8. A. protect B. lay
C. relax D. drive
(　B　)9. A. call B. understand
C. expect D. guess
(　D　)10. A. changes B. affects
C. prevents D. causes
(　C　)11. A. reason B. result
C. safety D. truth
(　D　)12. A. similar B. different
C. equal D. possible
(　A　)13. A. wherever B. whatever
C. whenever D. whoever
(　A　)14. A. Although B. Because
C. If D. Besides
(　B　)15. A. person B. adult
C. stranger D. friend
Ⅵ. 阅读理解
We often hear the saying, “You have a greater chance of being struck by lightning than…” It is used to describe something that hasn’t got much chance of happening. However, this common saying undermines (削弱) the very real danger of lightning.
Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths among natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those, about 73 people die. More people are killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes.
Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention as other disasters.
To raise awareness (意识) of the damage of lightning the US has made June 22 to 28 National Lightning Safety Week. It aims to warn the public of the danger of lightning and provide safety tips about what to do during thunderstorms.
“If you can hear thunder, you are in danger of being struck by lightning,” said Rocky Lopes, a disaster educator at the American Red Cross.
“Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any minute, so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until the storm has ended. The single most important thing to remember is to find a hiding place,” Lopes said.
Summer is the time for most lightning storms, so when lightning strikes across the sky, remember these safety tips: Stop working, fishing, swimming or playing in an open area.
If you count less than ten seconds between the thunder and the lightning flash, take cover inside the nearest building. If that is not possible, follow these instructions:
Do not stand under a tree.
Do not use a mobile phone.
Get off bicycles or motorcycles.
Crouch (蹲) down if there is no hiding place.
(　C　)1. The popular opinion about being struck by lightning is that 　　　　.
A. there is a greater chance of being killed by lightning than by any other natural disaster
B. it is the most dangerous among all the natural disasters
C. the chance that a person to be struck by lightning is very small
D. it is impossible for people to be killed by lightning
(　A　)2. On average, about 　　　　of people struck by lightning die as a result.
A. 18% B. 50%
C. 30% D. 73%
(　B　)3. Among all the safety tips, the most important one is that when you are outside and hear thunder you should 　　　　.
A. stand beside your bicycle or motorcycle
B. quickly find a place to hide
C. count ten seconds between the thunder and the lightning
D. not use a hair drier
夯基培优练(三)
(Discovering Useful Structures, Listening & Reading) [P61]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He took a deep breath to calm himself 　down　.　
2. Everyone who works for the railroad 　is supplied　 (supply) with a uniform.
3. The hospital has to treat 　emergencies　 (emergency) such as car accidents.
4. I will do everything in my 　power　 to help you.
5. She 　swept　(sweep) the ashes from the fireplace.
6. You have to allow for a time lag between order and 　delivery　(deliver).
7. Sadness came in 　waves　 (wave) after she heard the bad news.
8. The car 　crashed　 into a tree and was badly damaged.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
first aid kit　　　　　　 stay away from
be expected to off the coast of
one third the length of sweep away
1. You 　are expected to　 finish your homework before you go to bed.
2. There is a small island 　off the coast of　 Florida.
3. The tsunami 　swept away　 everything in its path.
4. You should 　stay away from　 the fire. It’s dangerous.
5. In case of a fire, the 　first aid kit　 near the exit can provide immediate help to those in need.
6. The new table is 　one third the length of　 the old one, so it takes up much less space.
Ⅲ. 语法突破——定语从句
1. Any student 　whose　 family is too poor can get help from the government.
2. The foreigners 　who/that　 visited our school yesterday are from Canada.
3. 1 July 1999 is the day 　which/that　 we’ll never forget.
4. I still remember the holidays 　when　 I stayed with them.
5. Those 　who　 haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
6. The first thing 　that　 you should do is to call the police right away.
7. This is the last time 　that　 I’ve given you lessons.
8. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of 　it　 sat a small boy.
9. I finally got the present 　which/that　 I had dreamt of for many years.
10. The reason 　which/that　 he explained sounds reasonable.
11. Those at the desk 　who　 want to buy tickets write down your names.
12. That was the reason 　why　 she looked old.
13. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who 　gives　 (give) us wonderful English lessons in our school.
14. Please send us all the information 　that　 you have about this subject.
15. It is one of the best films 　that　 have been shown recently.
16. The third place 　that　 we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 　
17. 　As　 is known to all, many satellites are going around in the sky.
18. The students and things 　that　 you spoke of are known to us.
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Surviving Hurricane Sandy
Natalie Doan has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
29 October, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbours devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mum tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors (捐赠者) who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball;Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organisations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. She was invited to the White House and honoured as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars (创伤) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighbourhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
(　B　)1. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found 　　　　.
A. some friends had lost their lives
B. her neighbourhood was destroyed
C. her school had moved to Brooklyn
D. the elderly were free from suffering
(　A　)2. According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most 　
A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild.
B. The people trapped in high-rise buildings.
C. The volunteers donating money to survivors.
D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.
(　D　)3. How did Natalie help the survivors
A. She gave her toys to other kids.
B. She took care of younger children.
C. She called on the White House to help.
D. She built an information sharing platform.
(　A　)4. What does the story intend to tell us
A. Little people can make a big difference.
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C. East or West, home is best.
D. Technology is power.
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
Talking to Children about Disasters
Natural disasters are terrible events. They are difficult for adults and children. But adults should not be afraid to talk to children about natural disasters. 　1　 But talking can help children feel safer and less afraid of the future. Here are five things adults can do when children show fear of natural disasters.
First, adults should be willing to talk with children. When children are allowed to talk about their fears, they feel safer. Sometimes, the best thing an adult can do is just listen. 　2　
Second, 　3　 When answering their questions, it is best to give short, honest answers. If you do not know the answer, you can be honest and say that you do not know.
Third, it is important to wait until a child is ready to talk about a natural disaster. Adults should not force children to talk.
Fourth, help children feel safe. 　4　 One way is very simple: adults can tell frightened children that they love them. It is also important for children to do the same things they do every day. Simple things like going to school and eating dinner can help children feel normal.
Fifth, use activities to help children communicate their fears. Heshani was 13 when the Indian Ocean tsunami ruined her house in Sri Lank One year later, she was still living under the shadow of the natural disaster. She did not like to visit her ruined house. And she did not want to talk about the problems her family had. However, she loved to write. 　5　 Writing poems was a way for her to share her fears since she did not like to talk about them.
A. let children ask questions.
B. There are many ways to do this.
C. Talking cannot stop natural disasters from happening.
D. learning is of great importance to adults.
E. We should feel safe first.
F. Whatever the fear is, it is important to listen and be patient with the child.
G. And she often shared her feelings about the tsunami in her poems.
1. 　C　 　2. 　F　 　3. 　A　 　4. 　B　
5. 　G　
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress) [P64]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
On Saturday 24 August 1918, it was raining cats and dogs and thundering over a city called Sunderland on the northeast coast of England. The storm lasted for only about ten minutes. People were surprised to see that it was not just rainwater falling from the sky. There were fish falling down, too! People came out to find out what was happening. They could not believe their own eyes. There were thousands of fish—sand eels (沙鳗)—lying on the ground. They were about seven centimetres long, and all were frozen solid.
Sand eels swim together in large groups, often in sandy water, and are often found in large numbers in the North Sea, which reaches out to the east of Sunderland. How was it possible for these sand eels to fall from the sky and land on Sunderland
Scientists believed the heavy thunderstorm that afternoon may have caused a waterspout (海龙卷). Waterspouts can be formed when strong winds move quickly in a circle over water. They are so powerful, anything less than one metre in length can be taken into them and forced into the clouds. The clouds carry whatever has been taken into them for long distances—sometimes over 150 kilometres. It’s very cold up there and everything soon freezes solid.
For hundreds of years there have been reports of small animals being taken into the sky through waterspouts. In 2009, dead tadpoles (蝌蚪) rained down on the city of Nanao in Japan. In 2012, fifty kilos of prawns (对虾) fell from the sky over Sri Lanka. In 2017, fish fell on the coastal city of Tampico in Mexico.
It must be a very strange experience to see fish raining down on you. It would probably hurt if one fell on your head! With climate change, global warming and many reports of terrible natural disasters, will the time ever come when it may really begin to rain cats and dogs
(　A　)1. What was the rain like on 24 August 1918
A. It was very heavy.
B. It fell around England.
C. It lasted quite a long time.
D. It caused many human deaths.
(　D　)2. What do we know about the sand eels that landed on Sunderland
A. They were few in number.
B. They came in different sizes.
C. They were still alive when landing.
D. They probably came from the North Sea.
(　B　)3. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Clouds.
B. Waterspouts.
C. Strong winds.
D. The waters of the sea.
(　B　)4. In the end, what does the author probably care most about
A. Our health.
B. Our environment.
C. The wild animals.
D. The news reports.
B
The deserts of the world are not all covered by sand. Many of them have surfaces of rock or clay (黏土) or small stones. They are not flat, either. They often have high hills and deep valleys. There is some plant life in many parts of the desert. There is little rain in the desert, but it does not fall often enough for most plants.
The deserts of the world are not uninhabited (not lived by people). People also live outside oases (绿洲), but these people are not farmers. They have camels, goats, donkeys, sheep, etc. These animals can live on the desert plants and do not need much water.
The people of the desert have to move constantly from place to place; they must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in tents. When there is no more food for their animals, they fold up their tents, load them onto their camels and donkeys, and move to another place. In good years, when there is enough food for their animals, they trade their skins and their goats and camel hairs with the people of oases for wheat and fruit. But in bad years, when there is not enough food for their animals, the people of the desert would attack the oases people. But they are also hospitable; no man in the desert would refuse to give a stranger food and water.
(　C　)5. According to the passage, deserts are mostly made up of 　　　　.
A. clay B. rock
C. sand D. stones
(　D　)6. The underlined word “hospitable” has the meaning of being 　　　　.
A. brave B. cruel
C. strange D. kind
(　C　)7. In the desert, 　　　　.
A. it rains in spring only
B. it rains for a short time every month
C. there is some rain, but far from enough
D. the rainfall is just enough for the plants
(　C　)8. According to the passage, people live 　　　　.
A. only inside the oases
B. only outside the oases
C. both inside and outside the oases
D. in places with regular rainfalls
Ⅱ. 书面表达
祝贺信
文体感知
概念:祝贺信是个人或团体向其他集体单位或个人表示祝贺的一种专用书信。祝贺信已成为表彰、赞扬、庆贺对方在某个方面所作贡献的一种常用形式。
内容安排:
第一部分:表明写信目的,并向对方表示祝贺。
第二部分:概括说明对方所取得的成绩,分析其成功的原因,列举对方的优点及品质。
第三部分:进行总结,再次向对方表示祝贺。
【素材】
假定你是学生会主席李华,你校学生Peter在全市机器人大赛中获得了第一名。请你根据以下提示,用英语写一封信,向他表示祝贺,内容包括:
1. 恭喜他获奖;
2. 对他的努力与成功进行积极的评价;
3. 说明计划为他庆祝的方式。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 　祝贺信　
话题 　祝贺同学取得成功　
时态 　一般现在时　
人称 　第一人称　
【词汇】
1. 诚挚的祝贺 　sincere/heartfelt congratulations　
2. 值得庆祝 　worth celebrating/a celebration　
3. 设计机器人 　design robots　
4. 实现某人的目标 　achieve one’s goal　
5. 极大的荣誉 　great honour　
6. 庆功宴 　celebration party　
【句式】
亮点句式
☆I am much/extremely delighted to learn that…
☆I am writing to extend…to you.
☆I know how talented you are in…
☆Your success is a great honour for…
☆A celebration party will be held for in your honour…
☆I wish you even greater success in the future.
完成句子
1. 我很高兴得知你在全市机器人大赛中获得了第一名。
I 　am extremely delighted to learn　 that you have emerged as the first-place winner in the city’s robot contest.
2. 我写信向你表示衷心的祝贺。
I am writing to 　extend my sincere/heartfelt congratulations　 to you.
3. 毫无疑问,你的成功对你和我们学校来说都是莫大的荣誉。
　Undoubtedly　, your success is a 　great honour　 for both you and our school.
【妙笔成篇】
Dear Peter,
I am extremely delighted to learn that you have emerged as the first-place winner in the city’s robot contest. Here, I am writing to extend my heartfelt congratulations to you.
It is truly inspiring and worth a celebration as no one from our school has ever clinched this contest before. It is a highly challenging competition, yet you pulled it off. I am well aware of your talent in robot design and how arduously you have worked to attain this goal. Undoubtedly, your success is a great honour for both you and our school. We are all immensely proud of you.
By the way, a celebration party will be held in your honour this Sunday. Looking forward to your presence.
I wish you even greater success in the future.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P67]
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. adj.+-ly→adv.
true→ 　truly　 adv.真诚地
calm→ 　calmly　 adv.镇定地
【adj.+-ly拓展】
sure→ 　surely　 adv.肯定地
bad→ 　badly　 adv.严重地
2. v.+-(e)d→adj.
shock→ 　shocked　 adj.感到震惊的
damage→ 　damaged　 adj.遭到破坏的
【v.+-(e)d拓展】
confuse→ 　confused　 adj.迷惑的
disappoint→ 　disappointed　 adj.失望的
3. v.+-ing→adj.
burn→ 　burning　 adj.强烈的;炽热的
miss→ 　missing　 adj.丢失的
【v.+-ing拓展】
support→ 　supporting　 adj.支撑的;次要的
excite→ 　exciting　 adj.激动的
4. v.+-(e)r→n.
suffer→ 　sufferer　 n.患病者;受苦者;受难者
rescue→ 　rescuer　 n.救助者
【v.+-(e)r拓展】
report→ 　reporter　 n.记者
work→ 　worker　 n.工人
5. in+n.→介词短语
in ruins 　严重受损;破败不堪　
【in+n.短语拓展】
in shock 　震惊;吃惊　
in danger 　在危险中　
6. v.+out→及物动词短语
dig out 　挖掘出　
【v.+out短语拓展】
find out 　查明;弄清情况　
hand out 　分发　
carry out 　实施;执行　
7. v.+into→及物动词短语
crash into 　撞上　
bring into 　带进　
【v.+into短语拓展】
turn into 　变成　
burst into 　突然……起来　
go into 　从事某职业;进入某种状态　
look into 　调查　
get into 　陷入　
break into 　进入;闯入　
8. v.+out of→及物动词短语
come out of 　从……出来　
run out of 　从……跑出来　
【v.+out of短语拓展】
jump out of 　从……跳出来　
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. The treasure 　dug　 (dig) out of the earth was a box of gold coins.
2. After the earthquake, many buildings 　were destroyed　 (destroy), but the local people still repaired the 　damaged　 (damage) ones and rebuilt the new ones to keep their hometown from coming 　to ruin　 (ruin).
3. People 　were shocked　 to see that the UFO was flying over the city. The 　shocking　 news 　shocked　 all the people around, which was also a great 　shock　 to people all over the country.(shock)
4. It’s a wonder that the worker 　trapped　 (trap) underground for a week was found alive.
5. She sat there silently, with her face 　buried　 (bury) in hands.
6. The parents were more than grateful to the man who 　rescued　 (rescue) their son from drowning.
7. More 　shelters　 (shelter) for the homeless should be built in some big cities.
8. What’s worse, both water supply and 　electricity　 (electric) were cut off in the flood-hit area.
9. One of history’s worst natural 　disasters　 (disaster) occurred in that year.
10. It is the 　sufferings　 (suffer) I’ve gone through that make me stronger.
11. It was so funny a joke that we couldn’t help bursting 　into　 laughter.
12. To tell the truth, I was too tired 　to move　 (move).
13. He speaks English as if he 　was　 (be) an Englishman. 　
14. Many girls are reported to be going on a diet to stop their normal weight gain, some of 　whom　 even miss breakfast.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 一位记者说救援工作正在进行中。他们为在地震中受伤的人搭建了避难所,并且努力缓解幸存者的痛苦。
A 　reporter　 said the 　rescue　 work was on the way. They put up 　shelters　 for 　the injured　 in the 　earthquake　 and tried to ease the 　survivors’ suffering　.
2. 这个骑自行车的人被眼前的景象震惊了。整座城市处于废墟之中,看起来好像一切都被摧毁了。
The 　cyclist　 was 　shocked　 at what he saw. The whole city lay 　in ruins　. It seemed 　as if　 everything was 　destroyed/ruined　.
3. 一听到你成功的消息,我无法表达自己的喜悦,只能说声祝贺。
The moment I heard your success, I couldn’t 　express　 myself but to say 　congratulations　.
4. 大量的矿工被困在矿井里。整个国家都对这场灾难感到惊恐。
　A large number of　 miners were 　trapped　 in the 　mine　. And the whole 　nation/country　 was 　frightened　 at the 　disaster　.
5. 考试结束了。学生们立刻跑出教室。然后他们笑了起来。
The exam was 　at an end/over　. The students rushed out of the classrooms 　right away/at once　. And they 　burst　 into laughter.
Ⅳ. 单元语法精练
1. —Who is the girl on the stage
—It is Jessica 　whose　 parents are famous pianists.
2. Wang Hua is the only person in our school 　that　 will attend the meeting.
3. Jane has borrowed the book 　which/that　 was written by Lu Xun.
4. The girl 　who/that　 is giving the speech is my sister.
5. All the apples 　that　 fall are eaten by wild boars (野猪).
6. Can you think of anyone 　who/that　 could look after him
7. I refuse to accept the blame for something 　that　 was someone else’s fault.
8. He showed us a machine 　whose　 parts were too small to be seen.
9. She is the girl 　whose　 invention got the first prize in the school competition.
10. There seems to be nothing 　that　 seems impossible for him in the world.
11. What do you think of the reason 　that/which　 he gave at the meeting yesterday
12. The man 　who/that　 is talking to our teacher is Betty’s father.
13. Thomas is a very friendly person 　who/that　 I think is worth making friends with.
14. My sister has bought a new car 　whose　 colour is bright red.
15. I walked in our garden, 　where　 Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
16. I am interested in all 　that　 you have said.
17. It is the most interesting thing 　that　 I have ever met.
18. We are already experiencing a serious situation 　where　 people are dying from diseases related to water.
19. My sister, as well as her classmates 　who　 were late for class, 　was　 (be) criticised by Mr Hunt.
20. The day 　which/that　 I have been looking forward to will certainly come.
21.The director and his movies 　that　 you have just talked about are really popular.
22. Step by Step is the only one of the books 　that　 goes with the tape in the bookshop.
23. The problem 　which/that　 you thought about just now has been completely settled.
24. Mary has two cats and a dog, but none of 　them　 like eating meat.
25. Do you know the man 　who/that　 is sitting behind Nancy
26. The people 　who/that　 called yesterday want to buy the house.
27. Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement 　which/that　 took courage.
28. Happiness and success often come to those 　who　 are good at recognising their own strengths.
Ⅴ. 语法填空
I am deeply impressed by the great changes 　1　 have taken place in the school over the past three years. 　2　 12 May, 2008 a severe earthquake 　3　 (destroy) almost everything in the school, leaving badly damaged buildings. It is now, however, taking on a new look. Tall buildings have been put up, 　4　 (include) classrooms and laboratory buildings and a library. In the new environment, teachers and students are living 　5　 (happy) and working hard. It is really 　6　 (amaze) that the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school full of life.
Obviously, 　7　 the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today. It is love and concern that have brought about 　8　 great changes. Many hands make light work. We can work wonders 　9　 we units as a family, caring for others and helping those in need. Union is 　10　 (strong).
1. 　that/whic　　　　 2. 　On　
3. 　destroyed 4. 　including　
5. 　happily 6. 　amazing　
7. 　without 8. 　the　
9. 　if/when 10. 　strength

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