资源简介 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage1. preserve vt.保存;保护;维持 n.保护区(preservation n.保护;保存 preserved adj.腌制的;保存的)·preserve sth from…保护某物免受……preserve the environment/culture保护环境/文化·wildlife/nature preserve野生动物/自然保护区·historical preservation历史保护·well-preserved building保存完好的建筑2. balance n.平衡;均匀 vt.使平衡(balanced adj.平衡的;均衡的)·keep/lose (one’s) balance保持/失去(某人的)平衡keep a balance between A and B在A和B之间保持平衡·balance…against 权衡;比较3. protest n.抗议 vi.&vt. (公开)反对;抗议·protest against sth抗议某事protest injustice/discrimination抗议不公/歧视·hold/stage a protest举行抗议活动peaceful/violent protest和平/暴力抗议in protest of/at…为抗议……4. limit n.限度;限制 vt.限制;限定(limited adj.有限的;受限制的 limitless adj.无限的;无尽的 limitation n.限制;局限;极限)·set a limit to/on限制……beyond the limit超过限度There is a/no limit to (to为介词)……是有限的/无限的。·limit…to…把……限定在……范围内5. contribution n.捐款;贡献;捐赠(contribute vi.& vt.捐献;捐助;贡献;投稿;导致)·make contributions/a contribution to对……作出贡献;捐款·contribute…to…把……贡献给……contribute to(to为介词)有助于;导致;是……的一个原因;捐款;投稿6. conduct n. 行为;举止;管理方式 vt. 组织;安排;带领·conduct a survey/experiment进行调查/实验conduct an orchestra指挥管弦乐队conduct oneself规范自身行为·professional conduct职业行为code of conduct行为准则7. attempt n.& vt.企图;试图;尝试(attempted adj.未遂的;企图的)·attempt to do…尝试(试图)做……·make an attempt to do/at doing…尝试做……at the first attempt第一次尝试8. worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得花时间的(worth adj.值得的;有……的价值 worthy adj. 值得的)·It is worthwhile doing sth/to do sth.做某事是值得的。·be (well) worth doing……(非常)值得被做9. lead to导致lead sb to do…使某人做……lead sb to…引导某人到……lead the way带路lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走lead a(n)…life过……的生活1. There comes a time when…There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 There comes a time when…可以看成是一种语序的倒装形式,即here、there等副词置于句首且主语是名词时,要把谓语动词提到主语之前;也可以看成是there be句型的变体,即用其他动词如come、stand、lie、live、appear等代替be动词。2. not only…but also…Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路,而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 not only…but also…意为“不仅……而且……”,连接两个平行结构。当连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词要根据but also 后的名词决定单复数(就近原则);而且not only位于句首时, not only后面的句子要用部分倒装, but also后面的句子不倒装。观察下面的句子,并感知限制性定语从句的用法。1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new,and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 2. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. 3. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. 4. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO,which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. 5. Here is the man whom you’ve been looking for. 6. She still remembers the day on which she won the prize. 1. 句1-句6画线部分都是 限制性定语 从句。 2. 句2、句4和句5中,先行词都是表示人或物的名词,所以其后的定语从句用关系 代词 whom或者that 等来引导;句2和句4中先行词在从句中都是作 主语 ,关系代词不能省略。 3. 句1和句3中,先行词分别是表示时间和地点的名词,且在后面的从句中作状语,所以用关系 副词 when 和 where来引导。 4. 句4中,which引导的是一个 非限制性定语 从句,修饰先行词UNESCO。 1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别从形式上来说,非限制性定语从句用逗号与先行词隔开,限制性定语从句则不用逗号隔开。除此之外还有下列区别:限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句功能不同 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,不可去掉,否则主句意思不完整 对先行词补充说明,可去掉,去掉后主句意思仍完整先行词 不同 名词、代词或名词性短语 名词、代词、名词性短语或整个主句关系词的 使用情况 不同 that、which、who、whom、whose、as、where、 when、 why which、who、whom、whose、as、where、when 翻译方式 不同 一般译为定语 一般译为并列分句My elder sister who has settled in Beijing sends me an e-mail almost every day.(限制性定语从句)我已在北京定居的姐姐几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。My elder sister, who has settled in Beijing,sends me an e-mail almost every day.(非限制性定语从句)我的姐姐已在北京定居,她几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。The film (which/that) I saw a few days ago is well worth seeing.(限制性定语从句)我几天前看过的那部电影很值得一看。The film, which I saw a few days ago, is well worth seeing.(非限制性定语从句)那部电影很值得一看,我几天前看过。2. 关系副词和关系代词的区别关系副词和关系代词的选择要根据先行词在定语从句中所作的成分来确定。若是作状语,则用关系副词或“介词+which”;若是作主语、宾语、表语或定语,则用关系代词。种类 功能 先行词关系 代词 That 主语、宾语 人或物Which 主语、宾语 物Who 主语、宾语 人Whom 宾语 人Whose 定语 人或物As 主语、宾语、表语 人或物关系 副词 When 时间状语 时间Where 地点状语 地点Why 原因状语 reasonI’ll never forget the days (that/which) I spent with my teacher.(that/which在从句中作宾语)我永远也忘不了我同老师一起度过的日子。I’ll never forget the days when I played with you.(when在从句中作时间状语)我永远也不会忘记和你一起玩耍的日子。The factory (that/which) we visited yesterday was built last year.(that/which在从句中作宾语)我们昨天参观的工厂是去年建成的。The factory where he works was built last year.(where在从句中作地点状语)他工作的那家工厂是去年建成的。This is the reason (that/which) she gave me for doing it.(that/which在从句中作宾语)这是她给我的做这件事的理由。The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.(why/for which在从句中作原因状语)他拒绝这个邀请的原因十分明了。3. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的四个依据:(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)Yesterday we visited the West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for意为“因……而出名”)昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with camera意为“用照相机”)这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。The university in whose library I studied has a long history.(in the university’s library意为“在那所大学的图书馆里”)我曾在其图书馆里学习的那所大学历史悠久。(3)根据句子的意思The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词ofI have about 10 books half of which were written by Mo Yan.我有大约十本书,其中一半是莫言所作。在定语从句中,有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用,如look after、look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。护士们照顾的婴儿非常健康。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(√)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(×)1. 用适当的关系词或介词填空(1)Is this the car for which you paid a high price (2)Copper is one of the metals with which we are most familiar. (3)We will be shown around some places which/that visitors seldom visit. (4)We will be shown around some places where visitors seldom go. (5)I will never forget those years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers. (6)I will never forget those years which/that I spent in the countryside with the farmers. (7)We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. (8)Do you think the reason why he was late is believable (9)This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. (10)Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series. 2. 补全/翻译句子(1)对这次活动感兴趣的人可在6月15日前报名。Those who are interested in the activity can sign up before 15 June. (2)我们学校有3,000多名学生,他们中的大多数都能全身心地投入学习。There are more than 3,000 students in our school, the majority of whom can put their hearts into their studies . (3)你能够告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗 Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late again (4)我渴望参加将于6月19日在学校报告厅举行的活动。I desire to take part in the activity which/that will be held in the school lecture hall on 19 June . (5)这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。 This is the best novel that I have ever read. (6)我昨天晚上看过那部小说了,它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句) The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 本单元的写作任务是写新闻报道。新闻报道往往从现实生活中选择最新的事实,及时加以报道。新闻要以事实说话,它是由时间、地点、人物以及事情的起因、经过、结果等要素组成的。具体写作结构如图所示:1. 开头句(1)In order to enrich our campus life, our school organised a 5 kilometres cross-country running race last Sunday.为了丰富我们的校园生活,我校于上周日组织了一场五千米越野跑比赛。(2)An activity, whose theme was protecting the environment/with the theme of protecting the environment, was held by the Students’ Union.学生会举办了一场以保护环境为主题的活动。(3)There is a cultural heritage protection organisation in Hangzhou who are taking action to protect the cultural heritage.在杭州有一个文化遗产保护组织,他们正在采取行动保护文化遗产。2. 中间句(1)Teachers and students who are interested in traditional Chinese culture join in/participate in/take part in the activity.对中华传统文化感兴趣的老师和学生们参加了这次活动。(2)They travel to search for and take pictures of cultural relics as well as old houses.他们四处寻找文物和老房子并且拍摄照片。(3)They will also show the public the worrying situation of cultural relics by showing the pictures.他们也会通过展示照片的形式让公众了解令人担忧的文物状况。(4)They wake up people’s awareness of cultural heritage protection through action.他们通过行动唤醒人们的文化遗产保护意识。(5)With the help of the rescue team, people who were trapped in the flood were saved.在救援队的帮助下,困在洪水中的人们得救了。3. 结尾句(1)It was through this activity that we fully realised that the awareness of respecting the old should be raised.正是通过这次活动,我们充分认识到应该提高尊老的意识。(2)Everyone thinks highly of this activity, for it is a good chance to get close to nature.每个人对该活动的评价都很高,因为这是一个亲近大自然的好机会。(3)The exhibition is a good opportunity for students to recognise the value of cultural heritage and the necessity of protecting it.这次展览是一个很好的机会,让学生认识到文化遗产的价值和保护文化遗产的必要性。1. 遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色) n. heritage 2. 创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的adj. creative 3. 以前的;(两者中)前者的adj. former 4. 保存;保护;维持vt.保护区n. preserve 5. 申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序) n. application 6. 提议;建议n. proposal 7. 抗议n. (公开)反对;抗议vi.& vt. protest 8. 建立;创立vt. establish 9. 捐款;贡献;捐赠n. contribution 10. 调查;研究vi.& vt. investigate 11. 重要议题;争论的问题n.宣布;公布vt. issue 12. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献(血) vt. donate 13. 消失;灭绝;消亡vi. disappear 14. 企图;试图;尝试n.& vt. attempt 15. 值得做的;值得花时间的adj. worthwhile 16. 专业的;职业的adj.专业人员;职业选手n. professional 17. 入口;进入n. entrance 18. 过程;进程;步骤n.处理;加工vt. process 19. 数码的;数字显示的adj. digital 20. 意见;想法;看法n. opinion 21. overseas 海外的;在海外 22. parade 游行;检阅;游行庆祝;游行示威 23. forgive 原谅;宽恕;对不起;请原谅 24. quality 质量;品质;素质;特征;优质的;高质量的 25. image 形象;印象 26. tradition 传统;传统的信仰或风俗 27. quote 引用 28. paraphrase (用更容易理解的文字)解释 parison 比较;相比 30. contrast 对比;对照 31. identify 确认;认出;找到 32. forever 永远;长久地 33. temple 庙;寺 34. mount 山峰;爬上;骑上;爬;登上 35. clue 线索;提示 36. promote 促进;提升;推销;晋级 37. balance 平衡;均匀;使平衡 38. likely 可能的;可能地 mittee 委员会 40. limit 限度;限制;限定 41. prevent 阻止;阻碍;阻挠 42. loss 丧失;损失 43. department 部;司;科 44. fund 基金;专款 45. within 在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内 46. conduct 行为;举止;管理方法;组织;安排;带领 47. document 文件;公文;(计算机)文档;记录;记载(详情) 48. download 下载;已下载的数据资料 49. republic 共和国 50. exit 出口;通道;出去;离去 51. sheet 一张(纸);床单;被单 52. mirror 镜子 53. roof 顶部;屋顶 54. dragon 龙 55. cave 山洞;洞穴 56. throughout 各处;遍及;自始至终 57. further 更远;进一步 58. historic 历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的 1. 参与(某事);参加(某活动) take part in 2. 让步;屈服 give way to 3. 保持平衡 keep a balance 4. 向……求助 turn to 5. 阻止;不准 prevent…from… 6. 向……捐赠…… donate…to… 7. 确保;设法保证 make sure 8. 文物 cultural relics 9. 在世界各地 all over the world 10. 后代 future generations 11. 数千名工程师 thousands of engineers 12. 从问题到解决方案 from problems to solutions 13. 一群高中生 a group of high school students 14. 一个国际青年夏令营 an international youth camp 15. 制作一个应用程序 make an app/application 16. 文化遗迹 cultural heritage sites 17. 下载一个免费的应用程序 download a free app/application 18. 在秦朝期间 during the Qin Dynasty 19. 下一代 the next generation 20. 国际交流与理解 international communication and understanding 21. 想出一个好主意 come up with a good idea 22. 参加一个组织 take part in an organisation 23. 提出建议 make a proposal 24. 数字图像 digital image 25. 贯穿中国古代史 throughout China’s ancient history 1. 一群高中生在参加一个国际青年夏令营。 A group of high school students are taking part in an international youth camp. 2. 新旧更替的时代已经到来。 There comes a time when the old must give way to the new. 3. 要在(社会)进步与文化景点保护之间找到并维持恰当的平衡会是一个巨大的挑战。 Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 4. 专家们调研了问题,做了几个测试,并就如何保护建筑物提出了建议。 Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. 5. 1980年这一项目完成时,它被认为是一个巨大的成功。 When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success. 6. 为了挽救这座庙,科学家们夜以继日地工作。 Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple. 基础词汇 拓展词汇1 create v. 创造;创作;创建 creation n. 创造;创作;创造物 creative adj. 创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的 creator n. 创造者;创作者 2 mount n. 山峰 vt. 爬上;骑上 vi. 爬;登上 mountain n. 山;山脉 mountainous adj. 多山的;巨大如山的 mountaineer n. 登山者;登山运动员 3 preserve vt.保存;保护;维持 n. 保护区 preservation n. 保护;保存;维持;防腐 preservative n. 防腐剂;保护剂 preserver n. 保护者;保存者;防腐剂 4 apply vi. & vt.申请;请求 vt. 应用;涂 (油漆、乳剂) application n. 申请 (表);用途;运用;应用(程序) applicant n. 申请人;申请者 applicable adj. 适合的;适用的 5 prevent vt. 阻止;阻碍;阻挠 prevention n. 预防;防止;阻止 preventive adj. 预防性的;防备的 n. 预防药;预防疗法 /6 lose vt. 失去;丢失;输掉;迷失 loss n. 丧失;损失;亏损;失败 lost adj. 失去的;丢失的;迷路的;不知所措的 loser n. 失败者;遗失物;受损失者 7 contribute vi. & vt. 捐献;捐助;投稿 contribution n. 捐款;贡献;捐赠;投稿;稿件 contributor n. 贡献者;捐献者;投稿人 contributive adj. 有贡献的;助长……的;出资的 8 image n. 形象;印象;声誉 imagery n. 形象的描述;意象 imageable adj. 可成像的 /9 document n. 文件;公文;(计算机)文档 vt. 记录;记载(详情) documentary n. 纪录片;文件;公文 documented adj. 备有证明文件的;记录在案的 documentation n. 文件证据;证明文件 10 donate vt. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献 (血) donation n. 捐赠;捐献;赠品;捐款 donor n. 捐赠者;捐献者;供血者 donated adj. 捐赠的;捐献的;赠送的 11 appear v. 出现;显得;似乎;出版 disappear vi. 消失;灭绝;消亡 disappearance n. 消失;失踪 apparent adj.显然的;表面上的;貌似的 12 tradition n. 传统;传统的信仰或风俗;惯例 traditional adj. 传统的;惯例的;传说的 traditionally adv. 传统地;惯例地;传说地 traditionalist n. 传统主义者;因循守旧者13 history n. 历史;历史学;过去的事 historic adj. 历史上著名 (或重要)的;有史时期的;有历史意义的 historical adj. 有关历史的;历史学的;基于史学的 historian n. 历史学家;史学工作者 14 contrast n. 对比;对照 vt. 对比;对照 contrasting adj. 对比的;对照的;(在式样、颜色或态度上)极不相同的 contrastive adj. 作对比研究的;对比的 /15 compare v. 比较;对比;比作 comparison n. 比较;相比;对比;比喻 comparable adj. 类似的;相当的;可比的 comparably adv. 可比较地;同等地;类似地 16 identify vt. 确认;认出;找到;识别;鉴定;把……等同于 identification n. 识别;认出;鉴定;身份证明 identifiable adj. 可识别的;可辨认的 identity n. 身份;特性;同一性 17 forgive vt. & vi. 原谅;宽恕 vt. 对不起;请原谅 forgiveness n.原谅;宽恕 forgiving adj.宽容的;宽宏大量的 forgivable adj. 可原谅的;可宽恕的 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage1. preserve vt.保存;保护;维持 n.保护区(preservation n.保护;保存 preserved adj.腌制的;保存的)·preserve sth from…保护某物免受……preserve the environment/culture保护环境/文化·wildlife/nature preserve野生动物/自然保护区·historical preservation历史保护·well-preserved building保存完好的建筑2. balance n.平衡;均匀 vt.使平衡(balanced adj.平衡的;均衡的)·keep/lose (one’s) balance保持/失去(某人的)平衡keep a balance between A and B在A和B之间保持平衡·balance…against 权衡;比较3. protest n.抗议 vi.&vt. (公开)反对;抗议·protest against sth抗议某事protest injustice/discrimination抗议不公/歧视·hold/stage a protest举行抗议活动peaceful/violent protest和平/暴力抗议in protest of/at…为抗议……4. limit n.限度;限制 vt.限制;限定(limited adj.有限的;受限制的 limitless adj.无限的;无尽的 limitation n.限制;局限;极限)·set a limit to/on限制……beyond the limit超过限度There is a/no limit to (to为介词)……是有限的/无限的。·limit…to…把……限定在……范围内5. contribution n.捐款;贡献;捐赠(contribute vi.& vt.捐献;捐助;贡献;投稿;导致)·make contributions/a contribution to对……作出贡献;捐款·contribute…to…把……贡献给……contribute to(to为介词)有助于;导致;是……的一个原因;捐款;投稿6. conduct n. 行为;举止;管理方式 vt. 组织;安排;带领·conduct a survey/experiment进行调查/实验conduct an orchestra指挥管弦乐队conduct oneself规范自身行为·professional conduct职业行为code of conduct行为准则7. attempt n.& vt.企图;试图;尝试(attempted adj.未遂的;企图的)·attempt to do…尝试(试图)做……·make an attempt to do/at doing…尝试做……at the first attempt第一次尝试8. worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得花时间的(worth adj.值得的;有……的价值 worthy adj. 值得的)·It is worthwhile doing sth/to do sth.做某事是值得的。·be (well) worth doing……(非常)值得被做9. lead to导致lead sb to do…使某人做……lead sb to…引导某人到……lead the way带路lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走lead a(n)…life过……的生活1. There comes a time when…There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 There comes a time when…可以看成是一种语序的倒装形式,即here、there等副词置于句首且主语是名词时,要把谓语动词提到主语之前;也可以看成是there be句型的变体,即用其他动词如come、stand、lie、live、appear等代替be动词。2. not only…but also…Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路,而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 not only…but also…意为“不仅……而且……”,连接两个平行结构。当连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词要根据but also 后的名词决定单复数(就近原则);而且not only位于句首时, not only后面的句子要用部分倒装, but also后面的句子不倒装。观察下面的句子,并感知限制性定语从句的用法。1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new,and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 2. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. 3. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. 4. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO,which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. 5. Here is the man whom you’ve been looking for. 6. She still remembers the day on which she won the prize. 1. 句1-句6画线部分都是 从句。 2. 句2、句4和句5中,先行词都是表示人或物的名词,所以其后的定语从句用关系 whom或者that 等来引导;句2和句4中先行词在从句中都是作 ,关系代词不能省略。 3. 句1和句3中,先行词分别是表示时间和地点的名词,且在后面的从句中作状语,所以用关系 when 和 where来引导。 4. 句4中,which引导的是一个 从句,修饰先行词UNESCO。 1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别从形式上来说,非限制性定语从句用逗号与先行词隔开,限制性定语从句则不用逗号隔开。除此之外还有下列区别:限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句功能不同 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,不可去掉,否则主句意思不完整 对先行词补充说明,可去掉,去掉后主句意思仍完整先行词 不同 名词、代词或名词性短语 名词、代词、名词性短语或整个主句关系词的 使用情况 不同 that、which、who、whom、whose、as、where、 when、 why which、who、whom、whose、as、where、when 翻译方式 不同 一般译为定语 一般译为并列分句My elder sister who has settled in Beijing sends me an e-mail almost every day.(限制性定语从句)我已在北京定居的姐姐几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。My elder sister, who has settled in Beijing,sends me an e-mail almost every day.(非限制性定语从句)我的姐姐已在北京定居,她几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。The film (which/that) I saw a few days ago is well worth seeing.(限制性定语从句)我几天前看过的那部电影很值得一看。The film, which I saw a few days ago, is well worth seeing.(非限制性定语从句)那部电影很值得一看,我几天前看过。2. 关系副词和关系代词的区别关系副词和关系代词的选择要根据先行词在定语从句中所作的成分来确定。若是作状语,则用关系副词或“介词+which”;若是作主语、宾语、表语或定语,则用关系代词。种类 功能 先行词关系 代词 That 主语、宾语 人或物Which 主语、宾语 物Who 主语、宾语 人Whom 宾语 人Whose 定语 人或物As 主语、宾语、表语 人或物关系 副词 When 时间状语 时间Where 地点状语 地点Why 原因状语 reasonI’ll never forget the days (that/which) I spent with my teacher.(that/which在从句中作宾语)我永远也忘不了我同老师一起度过的日子。I’ll never forget the days when I played with you.(when在从句中作时间状语)我永远也不会忘记和你一起玩耍的日子。The factory (that/which) we visited yesterday was built last year.(that/which在从句中作宾语)我们昨天参观的工厂是去年建成的。The factory where he works was built last year.(where在从句中作地点状语)他工作的那家工厂是去年建成的。This is the reason (that/which) she gave me for doing it.(that/which在从句中作宾语)这是她给我的做这件事的理由。The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.(why/for which在从句中作原因状语)他拒绝这个邀请的原因十分明了。3. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的四个依据:(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)Yesterday we visited the West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for意为“因……而出名”)昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with camera意为“用照相机”)这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。The university in whose library I studied has a long history.(in the university’s library意为“在那所大学的图书馆里”)我曾在其图书馆里学习的那所大学历史悠久。(3)根据句子的意思The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词ofI have about 10 books half of which were written by Mo Yan.我有大约十本书,其中一半是莫言所作。在定语从句中,有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用,如look after、look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。护士们照顾的婴儿非常健康。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(√)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.( )1. 用适当的关系词或介词填空(1)Is this the car which you paid a high price (2)Copper is one of the metals which we are most familiar. (3)We will be shown around some places visitors seldom visit. (4)We will be shown around some places visitors seldom go. (5)I will never forget those years I lived in the countryside with the farmers. (6)I will never forget those years I spent in the countryside with the farmers. (7)We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before. (8)Do you think the reason he was late is believable (9)This is the pilot with my brother has worked for ten years. (10)Maria has written two novels, both of have been made into television series. 2. 补全/翻译句子(1)对这次活动感兴趣的人可在6月15日前报名。Those can sign up before 15 June. (2)我们学校有3,000多名学生,他们中的大多数都能全身心地投入学习。There are more than 3,000 students in our school, the majority . (3)你能够告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗 Can you tell me the reason (4)我渴望参加将于6月19日在学校报告厅举行的活动。I desire to take part in the activity . (5)这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(6)我昨天晚上看过那部小说了,它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句)本单元的写作任务是写新闻报道。新闻报道往往从现实生活中选择最新的事实,及时加以报道。新闻要以事实说话,它是由时间、地点、人物以及事情的起因、经过、结果等要素组成的。具体写作结构如图所示:1. 开头句(1)In order to enrich our campus life, our school organised a 5 kilometres cross-country running race last Sunday.为了丰富我们的校园生活,我校于上周日组织了一场五千米越野跑比赛。(2)An activity, whose theme was protecting the environment/with the theme of protecting the environment, was held by the Students’ Union.学生会举办了一场以保护环境为主题的活动。(3)There is a cultural heritage protection organisation in Hangzhou who are taking action to protect the cultural heritage.在杭州有一个文化遗产保护组织,他们正在采取行动保护文化遗产。2. 中间句(1)Teachers and students who are interested in traditional Chinese culture join in/participate in/take part in the activity.对中华传统文化感兴趣的老师和学生们参加了这次活动。(2)They travel to search for and take pictures of cultural relics as well as old houses.他们四处寻找文物和老房子并且拍摄照片。(3)They will also show the public the worrying situation of cultural relics by showing the pictures.他们也会通过展示照片的形式让公众了解令人担忧的文物状况。(4)They wake up people’s awareness of cultural heritage protection through action.他们通过行动唤醒人们的文化遗产保护意识。(5)With the help of the rescue team, people who were trapped in the flood were saved.在救援队的帮助下,困在洪水中的人们得救了。3. 结尾句(1)It was through this activity that we fully realised that the awareness of respecting the old should be raised.正是通过这次活动,我们充分认识到应该提高尊老的意识。(2)Everyone thinks highly of this activity, for it is a good chance to get close to nature.每个人对该活动的评价都很高,因为这是一个亲近大自然的好机会。(3)The exhibition is a good opportunity for students to recognise the value of cultural heritage and the necessity of protecting it.这次展览是一个很好的机会,让学生认识到文化遗产的价值和保护文化遗产的必要性。1. 遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色) n.2. 创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的adj.3. 以前的;(两者中)前者的adj.4. 保存;保护;维持vt.保护区n.5. 申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序) n.6. 提议;建议n.7. 抗议n. (公开)反对;抗议vi.& vt.8. 建立;创立vt. 9. 捐款;贡献;捐赠n. 10. 调查;研究vi.& vt.11. 重要议题;争论的问题n.宣布;公布vt.12. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献(血) vt.13. 消失;灭绝;消亡vi.14. 企图;试图;尝试n.& vt.15. 值得做的;值得花时间的adj.16. 专业的;职业的adj.专业人员;职业选手n.17. 入口;进入n.18. 过程;进程;步骤n.处理;加工vt.19. 数码的;数字显示的adj.20. 意见;想法;看法n.21. overseas22. parade23. forgive24. quality25. image26. tradition27. quote28. paraphraseparison30. contrast31. identify32. forever33. temple34. mount35. clue36. promote37. balance38. likelymittee40. limit41. prevent42. loss43. department44. fund45. within46. conduct47. document48. download49. republic50. exit51. sheet52. mirror53. roof54. dragon55. cave56. throughout57. further58. historic1. 参与(某事);参加(某活动)2. 让步;屈服3. 保持平衡4. 向……求助5. 阻止;不准6. 向……捐赠……7. 确保;设法保证8. 文物9. 在世界各地10. 后代11. 数千名工程师12. 从问题到解决方案13. 一群高中生14. 一个国际青年夏令营15. 制作一个应用程序16. 文化遗迹17. 下载一个免费的应用程序18. 在秦朝期间19. 下一代20. 国际交流与理解21. 想出一个好主意22. 参加一个组织23. 提出建议24. 数字图像25. 贯穿中国古代史1. 一群高中生在参加一个国际青年夏令营。2. 新旧更替的时代已经到来。3. 要在(社会)进步与文化景点保护之间找到并维持恰当的平衡会是一个巨大的挑战。4. 专家们调研了问题,做了几个测试,并就如何保护建筑物提出了建议。5. 1980年这一项目完成时,它被认为是一个巨大的成功。6. 为了挽救这座庙,科学家们夜以继日地工作。基础词汇 拓展词汇1 v. 创造;创作;创建 n. 创造;创作;创造物 creative adj. 创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的 n. 创造者;创作者 2 mount n. 山峰 vt. 爬上;骑上 vi. 爬;登上 n. 山;山脉 adj. 多山的;巨大如山的 n. 登山者;登山运动员 3 preserve vt.保存;保护;维持 n. 保护区 n. 保护;保存;维持;防腐 n. 防腐剂;保护剂 n. 保护者;保存者;防腐剂 4 vi. & vt.申请;请求 vt. 应用;涂 (油漆、乳剂) application n. 申请 (表);用途;运用;应用(程序) n. 申请人;申请者 adj. 适合的;适用的 5 prevent vt. 阻止;阻碍;阻挠 n. 预防;防止;阻止 adj. 预防性的;防备的 n. 预防药;预防疗法 /6 vt. 失去;丢失;输掉;迷失 loss n. 丧失;损失;亏损;失败 adj. 失去的;丢失的;迷路的;不知所措的 n. 失败者;遗失物;受损失者 7 contribute vi. & vt. 捐献;捐助;投稿 n. 捐款;贡献;捐赠;投稿;稿件 n. 贡献者;捐献者;投稿人 adj. 有贡献的;助长……的;出资的 8 image n. 形象;印象;声誉 n. 形象的描述;意象 adj. 可成像的 /9 document n. 文件;公文;(计算机)文档 vt. 记录;记载(详情) n. 纪录片;文件;公文 adj. 备有证明文件的;记录在案的 n. 文件证据;证明文件 10 donate vt. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献 (血) n. 捐赠;捐献;赠品;捐款 n. 捐赠者;捐献者;供血者 adj. 捐赠的;捐献的;赠送的 11 v. 出现;显得;似乎;出版 disappear vi. 消失;灭绝;消亡 n. 消失;失踪 adj.显然的;表面上的;貌似的 12 tradition n. 传统;传统的信仰或风俗;惯例 adj. 传统的;惯例的;传说的 adv. 传统地;惯例地;传说地 traditionalist n. 传统主义者;因循守旧者13 n. 历史;历史学;过去的事 historic adj. 历史上著名 (或重要)的;有史时期的;有历史意义的 adj. 有关历史的;历史学的;基于史学的 n. 历史学家;史学工作者 14 contrast n. 对比;对照 vt. 对比;对照 adj. 对比的;对照的;(在式样、颜色或态度上)极不相同的 adj. 作对比研究的;对比的 /15 v. 比较;对比;比作 comparison n. 比较;相比;对比;比喻 adj. 类似的;相当的;可比的 adv. 可比较地;同等地;类似地 16 identify vt. 确认;认出;找到;识别;鉴定;把……等同于 n. 识别;认出;鉴定;身份证明 adj. 可识别的;可辨认的 n. 身份;特性;同一性 17 forgive vt. & vi. 原谅;宽恕 vt. 对不起;请原谅 n.原谅;宽恕 adj.宽容的;宽宏大量的 adj. 可原谅的;可宽恕的 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage - 学生版.docx Unit 1 Cultural Heritage.docx