资源简介

(共99张PPT)
第2讲　明晰文体——解题快又准
文体1　应用文
文体2　记叙文
目 录 索 引
01
02
文体3　说明文
03
文体4　议论文
04
考情表解
卷别 全国一卷 新课标Ⅰ卷 全国二卷 新课标Ⅱ卷 年份 2025 2024 2023 2025 2024 2023
体 裁 A 说明文 应用文 应用文 应用文 应用文 应用文
B 记叙文 夹叙夹议文 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
C 议论文 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文
D 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文 书评 说明文
卷别 全国一卷 新课标Ⅰ卷 全国二卷 新课标Ⅱ卷 年份 2025 2024 2023 2025 2024 2023
题 材 A 不同交通工具的碳排放情况以及应对方案 志愿者招募 自行车租赁 四个值得一游的英国集贸小镇 四种徒步 活动 护理员
项目
B 一位写作教师的 教学认知突破之旅 中西医结合 治疗动物 生态设计 医院教师 短故事小亭 学校园艺项目
C 汽车主导的城市规划VS. 行人友好的生活空间诉求 纸质阅读和 数字阅读 书的序言 室内绿植对情绪 的积极影响 巴比伦 微型农场 阅读的
艺术
D 微塑料污染的现状及 应对方法 现代生物 数据采样 群体智慧 效应 Blue Hill餐厅 wastED实验 以人工智能 为主题的书 接触
大自然
文体1　应用文
应用文包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等,形式多样,题材各异(如图示、表格等),措辞简洁明了,直截了当,其目的是向读者传输信息。
[典例](2024新课标Ⅰ卷,A)
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of 5 or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We’ll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen,and lunch.
No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided.Fulfills(满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday,Jan.15 10:00 am-1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday,Jan.22 10:00 am-2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday,Jan.29 9:30 am-2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A.To discover mineral resources.
B.To develop new wildlife parks.
C.To protect the local ecosystem.
D.To conduct biological research.
22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A.5.　　 B.10. C.15. D.18.
23.What are the volunteers expected to do
A.Bring their own tools.
B.Work even in bad weather.
C.Wear a team uniform.
D.Do at least three projects.
语篇解读
本文是一篇应用文。作者介绍了一个生物栖息地修复工作队的工作内容和招募志愿者的相关信息和要求。
语篇图解
思路点拨
21.根据第一段的“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.”可知,HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM的目的是帮助恢复和保护马林的一些自然区,也就是保护当地的生态系统。故选　 　项。
22.根据AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING 下面列出的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.”和“Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.”可知,最低年龄限制为10岁。故选　 　项。
23.根据AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING 下面列出的第三条“We’ll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.”可知,不管下雨天还是晴天,志愿者都要工作。故选　 　项。
C
B
B
课堂应用
A(2025全国二卷,A)
English Market Towns to Visit in the UK
English market towns come in many shapes and sizes.Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries.But each town has more to do than shop.
Hereford,Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189.Skirting the town square,you’ll find lovely shops,eateries,and the Black and White House Museum.The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.It’s also home to an ancient library.One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
Ludlow,Shropshire
Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England.Butcher shops, greengrocers,bakeries,and cheese shops line the town square.Bordering the square,the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September.
Shrewsbury,Shropshire
Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets,window boxes,and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive English market town.
Mevagissey,Cornwall
Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey,you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show.The working harbor(港口) took shape in 1774.Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets.Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It’s delicious.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国四个值得游览的特色市集小镇,包括其历史背景、标志性景点及特色体验。
1.Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta
A.In the Ludlow Castle.
B.In the Foodie Center of England.
C.In the Hereford Cathedral.
D.In the Black and White House Museum.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据Hereford,Herefordshire部分的“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town...One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”可知,《大宪章》的原件之一陈列在 Hereford Cathedral。其他几个市集小镇的介绍内容中均未涉及《大宪章》。故选C项。
2.What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center
A.It’s situated near a big island.
B.It’s almost surrounded by water.
C.It’s known for its flower festival.
D.It’s easily accessible from London.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury,Shropshire部分的“The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.”可知,River Severn流经该镇时形成一个大转弯,几乎将Shrewsbury Town Center围成了一座岛屿,岛屿四面环水。故选B项。
3.What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey
A.Try the Cornish pie.
B.Watch a British TV show.
C.Go fishing in the sea.
D.Take pictures of the harbor.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据Mevagissey,Cornwall部分的“Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It’s delicious.” 可知,作者建议游客离开港口前一定要品尝传统的Cornish pie,并强调其美味。故选 A项。
B(2024新课标Ⅱ卷,A)
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner,experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1-The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide,this walk promises to be an informative tour.Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 9:00
Start Point:Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration:6 hours
Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard,an experienced guide,has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all.This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 9:00
Start Point:Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration:5 hours
Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 18:30
Start Point:The Town Hall
Walk Duration:3 hours
Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 11:45
Start Point:Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration:1.5 hours
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。卡洛秋季徒步节提供不同难度的徒步活动,适合初学者和有经验的徒步者,包括自然探索、山地技能学习、夜间徒步和森林摄影。
4.Which walk takes the shortest time
A.The Natural World.
B.Introduction to Hillwalking.
C.Moonlight Under the Stars.
D.Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据“Walk 1-The Natural World”中的“Walk Duration: 6 hours”;“Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking”中的“Walk Duration:5 hours”;“Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars”中的“Walk Duration:3 hours”以及“Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest”中的“Walk Duration:1.5 hours”可知,Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest用时最短。
5.What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A.Wear proper clothes.
B.Join a walking club.
C.Get special permits.
D.Bring a survival guide.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据“Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars”中的“A torch along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.”可知, Walk 3的参与者需要穿着合适的衣服并携带手电筒。
6.What do the four walks have in common
A.They involve difficult climbing.
B.They are for experienced walkers.
C.They share the same start point.
D.They are scheduled for the weekend.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。通读全文可知,Walk 1和Walk 3在周六进行,而 Walk 2和Walk 4在周日进行。因此文中徒步活动的共同点是都被安排在周末。
文体2　记叙文
记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容,以记叙和描写为主要表达方式的文章。一篇记叙文,无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实,描写人物、地点、事件和发生过程,表达作者的某种情感。
[典例](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,B)
Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes,at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing,flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce,and work in the garden.Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow,and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside,” she says,“and they feel successful.”
24.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A.She used to be a health worker.
B.She grew up in a low-income family.
C.She owns a fast food restaurant.
D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
25.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A.The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B.Students had little time for her classes.
C.Some kids disliked garden work.
D.There was no space for school gardens.
26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A.Far-reaching.　　 B.Predictable.
C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.
27.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Rescuing School Gardens
B.Experiencing Country Life
C.Growing Vegetable Lovers
D.Changing Local Landscape
语篇解读
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Abby Jaramillo发起了一个名叫“Urban Sprouts”的学校园艺项目的目的和对学生产生的积极影响。
语篇图解
思路点拨
24.根据第一段中的“And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools.”可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选　 　项。
25.根据第二段中的“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful.”可知,项目之初,一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故
　 　项正确。
26.根据最后一段内容可知,这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物,而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园,对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用,从而推知,该项目的影响是深远的。故　 　项正确。
27.通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力、环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目,对学生影响深远。故　 　项正确。
D
C
A
C
课堂应用
(2025全国一卷,B)
In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s,and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who’d created these people,knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay,which was about the question:“Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing, in and of itself,simply didn’t strike them as important.This would have to change.
As a new unit started,I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments,a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However,my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June,I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people,to put us in another’s skin,to teach us what it means to be human.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师,通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及教学相长的故事。
1.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A.Ninth graders.
B.Students’ parents.
C.Modern writers.
D.Fictional characters.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who’d created these people,knew their subjects so well.(不止一次,我暗自琢磨,塑造了这些人物的学生,究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知,这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的人物。
2.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A.They were not given enough time.
B.They had a very limited vocabulary.
C.They misunderstood the question.
D.They had little interest in the topic.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn’t strike them as important. (随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容,但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可知,学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳,是因为他们对写作的话题不感兴趣。
3.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Mixed. B.Amazing.
C.Similar. D.Disturbing.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中画线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.(学生们选取了多样的主题,交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长,其中的人物拓宽了我的视野,也触动了我的心)”可知,此处指学生们写出的内容,与之前的表现形成强烈对比。由此猜测,画线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”,与B项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。
4.What does the author’s experience show
A.Teaching is learning.
B.Still waters run deep.
C.Knowledge is power.
D.Practice makes perfect.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。通读全文内容,尤其是最后一段可知,文章通过作者的教学经历,说明他在教导学生的同时,自己也领悟到写作的真正意义,这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。A项“Teaching is learning (教学相长).”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得新认识。B项意为“静水流深”;C项“知识就是力量”;D项“熟能生巧”。
文体3　说明文
说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手段,具体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术的文章,旨在让读者了解信息。
(一)新发明/新产品类
考查要点 方法技巧
1.背景介绍或发明目的 发明的背景(含目的)多位于首段或前两段。答案信息一般来自本部分“in order to,the market is growing for,to do,to discover,to test out,to find out,to solve the problem of,so that”等字眼后面的陈述,一般是对这些信息的同义转述。
2.发明介绍 (发明参数、性能、工作原理或特殊之 处) 发明的介绍多位于中间段,考查与其工作原理、产品性能等相关的长难句。正确选项是对信息的同义转述,而干扰项多是含有文中某些原词,但是替换了关键信息,或张冠李戴或扩大缩小范围。此类题目需要学生谨慎、认真、有耐性,同时有分析长难句的能力。
考查要点 方法技巧
3.专家或科研人员评论(发明的前景希望或实践意义) 专家或团队领导的评价多位于结尾段。答案信息多来自“researchers hope,expect,wish,in the future, apply,use”这些词之后的陈述。正确选项也多是这些陈述的同义转换。
4.标题或文章出处 文后第四题还经常考查文章的标题选择、文章出处或者是问题解决所反映的道理。这类题目的正确选项会高度概括文章的中心,或根据文章的中心判断其出处。干扰项通常含有文中的个别原词,但是会替换关键词,混淆学生视线;或扩大缩小指代范围;或只是提及文章某个方面,以偏概全。
[典例](2022全国乙卷,C)
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at the same time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.(提出问题:无人机可以应用到铁路领域吗 )
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected,the more railway safety,reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.(给出答案28:无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们完全可以被用来做同样的事情来检查铁路线和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面)
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.(给出答案29:无人机的协助可以避免铁路维修过程中的危险)
By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks,drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead,they could signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.(给出答案30:通过最新技术,无人机可以提前预警铁路危险状况,工程师们正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机)
28.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
29.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
30.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
31.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”技术,无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时,帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元,无人机将改变铁路的未来。
语篇图解
思路点拨
28.考查新产品性能。 根据第二段中“Drones are already being used...tracks and switching points.”可知,无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路,它们可以被用来做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。故选　 　项。
29.考查新产品性能。根据下文“It is calculated that European...the rail infrastructure.”可知,maintenance指的是下文中的“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”。故　 　项正确。
A
C
30.考查新产品前景希望。根据最后一段中“Engineers are now working on...would be able to react in time.”可知,铁路无人机有望提前发出警报,使高速列车可以及时采取措施应对危险因素,避免事故发生。故　 　项正确。
31.考查标题归纳。根据第一段第一句“Can a small group of...save billions of euros each year ”和下文对无人机在铁路领域的应用的介绍以及对未来无人机的发展展望可知,在未来,无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性,或许会成为铁路安全的新未来。故　 　项适合作为本文的标题。
A
D
(二)研究报告类
考查要点 方法技巧
1.研究背景 2.研究内容、方法、结果 3.研究意义、展望、升华主题 1.研究背景多出现在第一段,引入话题。题型多为细节理解题,答案往往是同义转述。
2.研究内容、方法和结果是说明的主体,介绍过程中经常运用数字、举例等说明方法。
3.研究的意义和展望经常出现在文章最后,是文章的点睛所在。
[典例](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,D)
As cities balloon with growth,access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.If you’re lucky,there might be a pocket park near where you live,but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(城市中很难接触到自然环境)
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.(城市中的原生态自然环境极为重要)
The research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed several hundred park-goers,asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions,coding (编码) experiences into different categories.(研究的方法)For example,one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions,a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.(研究的结果) After the coding of all submissions,half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.These include encountering wildlife,walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language,which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.(研究的意义)For example,the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday,they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,”(突出保护自然生态的重要性) said Peter Kahn,a senior author of the study.
32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A.Pocket parks are now popular.
B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated.
D.People enjoy living close to nature.
33.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A.To compare different types of park-goers.
B.To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C.To analyze the main features of the park.
D.To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
34.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
35.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A.Language study.
B.Environmental conservation.
C.Public education.
D.Intercultural communication.
语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文。作者通过对一项新的研究结果及其过程的描述,向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类健康的重要性,同时也指出要保护大自然。
语篇图解
思路点拨
32.考查研究背景。 根据第一段中的“access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find”以及“it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild”可知,在城市里很难接触大自然。故　 　项正确。
33.考查研究方法。根据第四段第一句话“Across the 320 submissions,a pattern of categories...began to emerge.”可知,研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故　 　项正确。
B
D
34.考查研究的意义。根据第五段所举的例子“the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying...a fountain on their lunch break”可知,年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行,在工作日可以沿着喷泉散步,用不同的形式去体验自然,即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故　 　项正确。
35.考查主题的升华。根据最后一段Kahn的话“And for that to happen,we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it”可知,人们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然,故　 　项正确。
C
B
课堂应用
A(2024浙江1月卷,D)
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat,selected by the child,was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat,they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats,but by our computers,phones,and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world,and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us,dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories,we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago,and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor,so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information.Therefore,just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption,we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption,resisting the temptation of mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在信息化时代,我们作为成年人每天都在面对“棉花糖测试”,信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”,文章对此进行了介绍。
1.What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A.Take an examination alone.
B.Show respect for the researchers.
C.Share their treats with others.
D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat,they would be given a second treat.”可知,在米歇尔的测试中,孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。
2.According to paragraph 3,there is a mismatch between 　　　.
A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us,dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories,we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago,and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.”可知,丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。
3.What does the author suggest readers do
A.Absorb new information readily.
B.Be selective information consumers.
C.Use diverse information sources.
D.Protect the information environment.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore,just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption,we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption,resisting the temptation of mental ‘junk food’ in order to manage our time most effectively.”可知,作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Eat Less,Read More
B.The Bitter Truth About Early Humans
C.The Later,the Better
D.The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。结合全文,尤其第二段内容可知,文章主要是讲在信息化时代,我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试,信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。
B(2025全国一卷,D)
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.
Now,new research suggests that a simple,cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters,researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.In the study,boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate,boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene,polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still,the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research,tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微塑料污染的现状,并提出了一种简单且廉价的方法来减少饮用水中的微塑料含量:煮沸和过滤。研究表明,煮沸含有足够碳酸钙的水可以去除大部分微塑料,但这种方法对所有塑料类型并不完全有效。尽管如此,这一发现为减少微塑料暴露提供了可能的途径。
5.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A.By quoting an expert.
B.By defining a concept.
C.By giving examples.
D.By providing statistics.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.(它们沉积在深海和喜马拉雅山,嵌入火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃部,甚至落在南极的新雪上。它们甚至出现在人类体内。)”可知,作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。
6.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A.The hardness of water.
B.The length of cooling time.
C.The frequency of filtering.
D.The type of plastic in water.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.(至关重要的是,这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕捉塑料)”并结合下文的研究数据可知,决定在水中捕捉微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。
7.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A.The importance of plastic recycling.
B.The severity of the microplastic problem.
C.The danger in overusing pure water.
D.The difficulty in treating polluted water.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Even bottled water,scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.(今年早些时候,科学家们发现,即使是瓶装水,其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可知,作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染问题的严重性。
8.What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about
A.Choice of new research methods.
B.Possible direction for further study.
C.Need to involve more researchers.
D.Potential application of the findings.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,研究发现了煮沸自来水可以减少微塑料这一成果,而Gauchotte-Lindsay建议升级饮用水处理厂来去除微塑料,这就是在探讨如何将这个研究结果应用到实际的饮用水处理中,属于研究结果的潜在应用,所以D项正确。
文体4　议论文
议论文,也叫说理文,是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法,来确定其观点的正确或错误,树立或否定某种主张。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅;论据是支撑论点的材料;论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。
(2023新课标Ⅰ卷,D)
On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
33.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if
　　　.
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
34.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear.　　　　 B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
语篇解读
没有人是一座孤岛,文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明,在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
语篇图解
思路点拨
32.根据第二段内容可知,本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的,各不相同的误差平均在一起,相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计,讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故　 　项正确。
33.根据第二段的“In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.”和第三段的“The key finding of the study...the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.”可知,人们在没有独立的情况下,分成更小群体,平均值是更准确的,说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下,提高准确率也是可以做到的。故　 　项正确。
B
D
34.根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds ”可知,在后续研究中,研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合文中提出的两个问题可知,后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故
　 　项正确。
35.根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知,作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故　 　项正确。
C
D
课堂应用
(2025全国一卷,C)
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children.Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their new book Movement:How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives,they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people,among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through,but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right:it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。街道设计是为了汽车行驶便利,还是让行人尤其是儿童行走便利 作者引用了相关研究数据和历史案例,呼吁重新思考街道的功能,减少对汽车的依赖,让街道发挥原本的功能。
1.What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A.Cars often get stuck on the road.
B.Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C.People walk less and drive more.
D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead.(许多家长说,路上的交通太拥挤,他们的孩子无法安全步行上学,所以他们用车接送孩子上学)”可知,作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。
2.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A.Keep their cities livable.
B.Promote cultural diversity.
C.Help the needy families.
D.Make expressways accessible.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park...Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion ‘New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.’(领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。……Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫‘纽约作为适宜居住的地方,而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道’)”可知,加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市的宜居性。
3.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A.They boosted the sales of cars.
B.They turned out largely ineffective.
C.They won government support.
D.They advocated building new parks.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.(尽管这些运动很普遍,但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可知,20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的这些运动未能阻止汽车数量的迅速增加,因此基本上没有效果。
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Why the Rush 　
B.What’s Next
C.Where to Stay
D.Who to Blame
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章多次利用rush一词用来指代汽车在城市街道上穿行,即城市街道被设计成方便快速通行的交通网络,但这种设计却牺牲了行人的安全和社区的生活质量。强调人们应该重新思考街道设计,而不是一味追求快速通行。所以“Why the Rush ”能概括文章的主旨,为最佳标题。(共161张PPT)
第1讲　17大技法突破阅读理解4题型
题型一　细节理解题
题型二　推理判断题
目 录 索 引
01
02
题型三　词句猜测题
03
题型四　主旨大意题
04
专题概览
考情表解
　　卷别 题型　　 2025全国一卷 2024新课标Ⅰ卷 2023新课标Ⅰ卷 2025全国 二卷 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 2023新课标Ⅱ卷
细节理解题 7 4 7 8 7 5
推理判断题 6 9 6 4 6 8
词句猜测题 1 1 1 1 1 1
主旨大意题 1 1 1 2 1 1
命题趋势
趋势1　文本语境复杂化,题材专业化
阅读理解C篇和D篇往往是一套试题中最难的,文体一般以社科类说明文和科普类说明文为主,信息理解难度增加。未来高考阅读试题将会继续出现文学、艺术、历史、经济、科技等主题情境中专业性较强的文章。
趋势2　课标词汇派生词、熟词新义频现,阅读难度陡增
阅读文本及选项中越来越多地出现平时使用频率较低的词汇(通过构词法合成或派生而来的新词、熟词新义、课标外拓展词等),加大了语篇阅读的难度,仅掌握课标词汇的音、形、义、用法和搭配已不能满足备考需求,需转向词汇的深度学习,如构词法、词源义等。
趋势3　聚焦长难句、逻辑思维,凸显考查深层理解能力
鉴于高考阅读文本内容越来越专业,为了更好地将主旨表达清楚,长难句今后很可能变成较难文章的标配。
题型一　细节理解题
题型特点 设问方式
细节理解题相对比较简单,但在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重,常分为直接信息题、间接信息题及数字计算题。直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点,其他都为低频考点。 1.特殊疑问句形式。设问方式多为以“6W1H”(what,who,when,where,why,
which和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
2.填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from 　　　.
技法1 直接信息题——题干定位法
[典例](2024全国甲卷,A)
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic creativity.We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST.We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances,art exhibitions and art-making activities.The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab.Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors,1880—1990:Into the Light.
Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons,invertebrates(无脊椎动物) create some of nature’s most delicate and beautiful designs.Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art,while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺) materials.
...
23.What can you do together with Javier Marin
A.Practice a traditional dance.
B.Make handcrafts.
C.Visit a local museum.
D.Feed invertebrates.
解题之门
第一步　锁定题干关键词:
Javier Marin
第二步　查找定位到原文:
根据小标题 Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity下的段落中“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance,inspire fashion and create art,while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.”可知,Javier Marin的活动包括用手工艺材料制作无脊椎动物。因此,可以确定你可以和Javier Marin一起制作手工艺品。
[自主解答]　 　
B
设题特点
直接信息题常设置在应用文中,涉及的话题有广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以“6W1H”(what,who,when,where,why,which和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
图解技法
技法2 间接信息题——同义转换法
[典例](2024新课标Ⅰ卷,C)
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
...
Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However,psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print.However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words.
30.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A.They can hold students’ attention.
B.They are more convenient to prepare.
C.They help develop advanced skills.
D.They are more informative than text.
解题之门
第一步　锁定题干关键词:
audio and video,increasingly,university teachers
第二步　查找定位到原文:
根据题干信息锁定到“Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.”。A项是对信息区间的同义描述,即因为音频和视频比文本更吸引人,所以大学老师使用越来越多的音频和视频。hold students’ attention是engaging的同义替换。
[自主解答]　 　
A
设题特点
相比直接信息题命题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
设问方式
1.According to the author/passage...
2.What can we learn about...
图解技法
技法3 数字计算题——整合推算法
[典例](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,A)
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam,welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike!Cycling is the most economical,sustainable and fun way to explore the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and countless lights.You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
...
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake,
No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day(24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A.?15.75.　　　　 B.?19.50.
C.?22.75. D.?29.50.
解题之门
第一步　锁定题干关键词:
How much do you pay for...
第二步　查找定位到原文:
根据题干信息锁定到文本的定价表。根据定价表可知,租一辆带手刹和三挡的自行车一天需要14.75欧元,额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三挡的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。
[自主解答]　 　
C
设题特点
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说计算量都比较小,容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度上讲,理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有广告类、故事类、科普知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类。设问方式为以when,in which year,how many/much等疑问词(组)开头的疑问句。
图解技法
技法4 概括信息题——归纳概括法
[典例](2023全国乙卷,A)
　　Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明) of her ability as a doctor,she was banned from medicine.
　　James Barry(c.1789—1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813,and then joined the British Army,serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
解题之门
第一步　锁定题干关键词:
Jacqueline and James
第二步　查找定位到原文:
根据题干信息锁定到文本相应的方框内容。
通过文章Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”以及James Barry部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”和“Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”可知,Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。
[自主解答]　 　
C
设题特点
概括信息题要求学生通过思维分析对原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括。为了增加细节信息试题的难度,命题人有时也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,一个细节理解题涉及一段内的多个信息点或者多段的具体内容,需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能回答。
设问方式
What can we say/know about...
What do...have in common
What’s the difference...
图解技法
课堂应用
A(2025全国一卷,A)
The greening of planes,trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放).As the world races to decarbonize everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs.Much is still to be settled,but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
This energy transition(变革) is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比,以及让我们的交通方式更环保的办法。
1.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A.11.6%.　 B.45.1%.
C.74.5%. D.86.1%.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%”可知,道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%,即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。
2.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily
A.Planes. B.Trucks.
C.Trains. D.Ships.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS—Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways.(一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化;其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知,火车实现绿色化很容易。再结合PLANES—Synthetic hydrocarbons部分中的“The hardest sector...”, TRUCKS—Hydrogen fuel cells部分中的“but making green hydrogen is expensive”以及SHIPS—Liquid ammonia部分中的“but it is hard to...”可知,飞机、卡车和轮船要想实现绿色化都有难度,故排除A、B、D三项。
3.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A.Limiting fuel consumption.
B.Putting more effort into renewables.
C.Improving energy efficiency.
D.Making electricity more affordable.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,’ says Wipke.(我们需要加速绿色能源的开发,而且这些能源都会被利用起来)”可知,Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入,即加大对绿色能源的投入。
B(2024新课标Ⅰ卷,D)
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本),and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究显示,生物多样性记录存在偏差,建议使用专家确认和引导采样人员记录较少关注的区域和物种以提高数据质量。
4.What do we know about the records of species collected now
A.They are becoming outdated.
B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number.
D.They are used for public exhibition.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.”可知,现在生物多样性的记录主要是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的。
5.What does Daru’s study focus on
A.Threatened species.
B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data.
D.Mobile applications.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from...Are they usable ”和第三段可知,Daru主要研究的是观测数据。
6.What has led to the biases according to the study
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling.
D.Unreliable data collection devices.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段Daru的话和第五段可知,收集生物采样数据的人,对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性,这些不当的采样方式导致收集到的数据产生偏差。
7.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A.Review data from certain areas.
B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users.
D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段Daru的解释,生物多样性应用程序可以根据研究结果来告知用户哪些区域被过度采样,并引导他们关注那些采样不足的地区和物种,鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片中的物种名称。由此可知,他的建议是为采样人员提供指导。
题型二　推理判断题
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种:隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作手法题、写作意图题、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题。
技法1 隐含推断题——据文推理法
[典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,C)
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital,restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
...
Moreover,having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
30.What can be concluded about BMF employees
A.They have a great passion for sports.
B.They are devoted to community service.
C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D.They have a strong environmental awareness.
解题之门
第一步　锁定题干关键词:
BMF employees
第二步　查找定位到原文:
根据题干信息锁定到文本的最后一段。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.”及“We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment...”可推知员工具有强烈的环保意识。
[自主解答]　 　
D
设题特点
隐含推断题要求考生根据文中的信息进行合理的、适度的逻辑推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容,可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。此类题目的题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(得出结论)和 assume(假定,设想)。
图解技法
技法2 观点态度题——忠于措辞法
[典例](2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D)
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
34.What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A.Favorable.
B.Intolerant.
C.Doubtful.
D.Unclear.
解题之门
第一步　锁定题干关键词:
the popularization of emotional intelligence
第二步　查找定位到原文:
根据选段第一句中的“Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.”可知,作者认为情商的普及整体上利大于弊。由此可推知,作者对于情商的普及持支持态度。
[自主解答]　 　
A
设题特点
所谓作者的观点和态度,就是作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法,或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。
图解技法
技法3 写作手法题——行文逻辑法
[典例](2021八省联考卷阅读,C)
Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear.A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects.For example,the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups.The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour.What actually happens is that the magician,employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device,hides one ball.While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand.The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.
Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something,and then make it appear whole again.What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying(展示) another object that has not been cut or burned.
30.What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs
A.Providing examples.　　
B.Making a summary.
C.Drawing comparisons.
D.Explaining a concept.
解题之门
第一步　锁定题干中关键词:
the author focus on in the last two paragraphs
第二步　查找定位到原文:
根据关键词定位信息句“For example,the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups.The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour.”和“What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.”可知,作者在举例子。
[自主解答]　 　
A
图解技法
技法4 写作意图题——文体特点法
[典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,D)
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives,we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future,and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革).
In the wrong hands,such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but,thankfully,Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which,by the close,will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design,AI is already super-smart and will become more capable,moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.From there,Campbell says,will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence.This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place.She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence,or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity.We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out.Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation,will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all,and if you only read one book on the subject,this is it.
35.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To recommend a book on AI.
B.To give a brief account of AI history.
C.To clarify the definition of AI.
D.To honor an outstanding AI expert.
解题之门
第一步　锁定题干关键词:
purpose,writing the text
第二步　浏览全文,了解大意:
第一段:介绍新书《人工智能设计》
第二段:介绍本书作者的背景
第三、四段:概述书中的主要论点、观点及意义
第五段:进行总结,再次强烈推荐这本书。
[自主解答]　 　
A
设题特点
各种文体的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的题。通常情况下,作者在文中不直接陈述自己的写作目的,而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以,这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
图解技法
技法5 文章出处题/写作对象题——体裁内容法
[典例](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,C)
Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book,represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. ...
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智),wealth or faith of the subject....From a 21st-century point of view,the printed book is certainly ancient,but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader...
28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
解题之门
推理判断题考查对文章出处的推断。根据第一段的第一句“Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...”以及第二段的第一句“In this ‘book of books,’...”可知,文章描述了这本书的主题和内容,很有可能是一本书的序言或者简介。
[自主解答]　 　
设题特点
文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。写作对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的写作对象。
A
图解技法
课堂应用
A(2024全国甲卷,C)
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia.Each stop lasts an average of two days,and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村) populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke,a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areas east of the Volga River,including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,”says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄罗斯政府为解决偏远地区医疗资源不足的问题而运营的Saint Lukas 医疗车。
1.How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains
A.It runs across countries.
B.It reserves seats for the seniors.
C.It functions as a hospital.
D.It travels along a river.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,Saint Lukas 列车只允许病人乘坐,是政府资助的一辆医疗列车,列车上的医生和护士为乡村人口提供基本的医疗服务。因此,该列车与其他列车的不同之处在于它的作用相当于一家医院。
2.What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk
A.It is heavily populated.
B.It offers training for doctors.
C.It is a modern city.
D.It needs medical aid.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,...to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.”可知,政府激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。由此推测,克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗援助。
3.How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply
A.About a year.　　　　
B.About ten months.
C.About two months.
D.About two weeks.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock.”可知,该列车会在大约八个站点停留两周多,然后返回补充燃料和进行补给。由此可知,该列车进行一次补给后可工作大约两周。
4.What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A.Appreciative.
B.Doubtful.
C.Ambiguous.
D.Cautious.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ducke说的话“I was very impressed...”以及“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”可知,Ducke 对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。
B(2025全国二卷,C)
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants,she didn’t have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened:She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.In the past year,Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants.Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr.Melinda Knuth,a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says.“Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol,the stress hormone(激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth.“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants,don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.Be invested in taking care of it,but if it dies,go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了居家时间增加推动室内植物行业爆发式增长,并通过研究证实植物对心理健康的积极影响——降低压力激素水平、提升学习与工作效率,同时呼吁人们以耐心养护植物。
5.How was Detrinidad’s business when it started
A.It faced tough competition.
B.It suffered a great loss.
C.It got lots of financial support.
D.It went surprisingly well.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...she didn’t have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened:She was flooded,shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.”可知,Detrinidad 起初对生意期望不高,但实际订单量激增,生意出人意料得好。故选D项。
6.What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants
A.They appeal more to students.
B.They purify the environment.
C.They raise the cortisol level.
D.They enhance productivity.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Students who are around plants perform better academically...This productivity also translates into the workplace...a 30% decrease in sick leave” 可知,Knuth 的研究表明植物能提升学生的学习表现和成年人的工作效率。故选 D项。
7.What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers
A.The necessity of social skills.
B.The meaning of sustainability.
C.The importance of repeated efforts.
D.The value of professional opinions.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Doctors practice medicine...you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.” 可知,Detrinidad 以医生和律师需要不断实践为例,类比强调养护植物也需要反复尝试练习,即 “重复努力的重要性”。故选C项。
8.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Time to Replace Houseplants
B.Plants Boost Your Mood
C.Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D.Plants Brighten Your Home
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。文章围绕室内植物对心理健康的积极影响展开,第二段提到植物通过降低皮质醇水平改善情绪,第三段强调其提升生产力的作用,全文核心是 “植物改善心情”。故选B项。
题型三　词句猜测题
词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语、句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新义,还可以是对代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外,考生在阅读文章时,常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。
题型特点 设问方式
词句猜测题着重考查利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇上下文等理解生词的能力。主要通过以下两点进行考查: 1.要求根据阅读材料,结合学生应有的常识和经验判断生词、词组或熟词在特定语境中的含义以及一些句子的意思; 2.代词指代题也是词义猜测题的常考类型。 ①What does the underlined word “...” in paragraph...mean
②What does the underlined word “...” in paragraph...refer to
③Which of the following words can replace the word “...” in paragraph...
④What does the underlined sentence in paragraph...suggest
技法1 利用逻辑关系猜测词义
[典例1](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,D)
In the wrong hands,such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but,thankfully,Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which,by the close,will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.If read by someone poorly educated.
B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C.If written by someone less competent.
D.If translated by someone unacademic.
[典例2](2023全国乙卷,D)
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides,there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted,especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of Benin and the Incas,all of whom appear in this book,can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these,all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation,we have to read not just the texts,but the objects.
34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Problem.　 B.History.
C.Voice. D.Society.
解题之门
[典例1]根据第二段画线短语后but及thankfully可知前后语意转折,前句应该是假设一位不是Campbell的作者,与后句中经验丰富的作者进行对比。
[自主解答]　 　
[典例2]根据选段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice (实物能还原历史事实)”和“all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,but the objects (我们所有的第一手描述无法避免地会被歪曲,它只是对话的一半。如果我们想找到另一半,就不能只解读文字,还要解读实物)”可知,作者将历史类比成一场对话,对话的一半是文字,另一半是实物。故此处conversation指代的是历史。
[自主解答]　 　
C
B
图解技法
技法2 利用语法关系猜测词义
[典例1](2021全国甲卷,C)
Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is the center of British skateboarding,where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite:Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant don’t worry about it.Once,when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆),I fell onto the stones,damaging a nerve in my hand,and Toby came over,helping me up: Safe,man.Safe.A few minutes later,when I landed the trick,my friends beat their boards loud,shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered — landing tricks,being a good skater.
29.What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean
A.Be careful! B.Well done!
C.No way! D.Don’t worry!
[典例2](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,C)
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days,you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Clear-up.　 B.Add-on.
C.Check-in. D.Take-over.
解题之门
[典例1]根据选段中的“And my favorite:Safe.Safe meant cool.”可知,作者将Safe定义为cool,即“出色的”;同时结合下文可知,在作者成功完成了一次滑板动作后,同伴们都大喊“Safe! Safe! Safe!”来表示祝贺或鼓励作者,夸作者“做得好”。
[自主解答]　 　
[典例2]画线词后的句子重述了digital declutter的过程,用以进一步解释该词。根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知,画线词表示“清除,清理”,A项含义与画线词含义相近。
[自主解答]　 　
B
A
图解技法
技法3 利用构词法猜测词义
[典例](2020新高考Ⅱ卷,B)
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
...
My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring,and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away — since I seldom actually kept them.Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day,and I would return the belonging.
25.What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to
A.The student’s parent. B.The maker of the Grandma’s Box.
C.The author’s grandchild. D.The owner of the forbidden fruit.
解题之门
根据构词法知识可知,“-er”为后缀,当其与动词组合时,表示“做某事的人或物”;offend为动词,意为“违反;冒犯”。所以offender有“犯规者;违反者”之意。结合上文中出现的“forbidden fruit”以及下文提到的“return the belonging”可推断,画线词所在句表示,通常the offender会在放学的时候过来,作者就会把东西归还给他/她。因此,the offender就是携带违禁物品的人。
[自主解答]　 　
D
图解技法
技法4 代词指代题——就近原则法
[典例](2022新高考Ⅱ卷,C)
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W.Ortiz,who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,”he said,“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
30.What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
A.Advice.
B.Data.
C.Tests.
D.Laws.
解题之门
本题利用就近原则法解题。根据画线词所在句“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior”可知,something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes...hands on the cell phone.”可知,人们的行为会改变的条件是当 Textalyzer 法案成为法律。受到法律的约束,司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。
[自主解答]　 　
试题特点
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
D
设问方式
1.What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which...” refer to
2.The underlined part “it/that/they/which...” in paragraph...refers to “ 　　　”.
图解技法
技法5 句意猜测题——意义吻合法
[典例](浙江卷,B)
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read,“Give What You Can,Take What You Need.”
24.What does the expression “Money with no strings attached”in paragraph 1 mean
A.Money spent without hesitation.
B.Money not legally made.
C.Money offered without conditions.
D.Money not tied together.
解题之门
本题利用意义吻合法解题。根据第一段中的“Give What You Can,Take What You Need(尽你所能,取你所需)”可知,此处“Money with no strings attached”的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。
[自主解答]　 　
试题特点
高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。
C
设问方式
1.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph...mean
2.Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in paragraph...
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
图解技法
课堂应用
A(2024新课标Ⅰ卷,C)
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.With paper,there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis(假说).” According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious,and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However,psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print.However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了纸质阅读与数字阅读(可视化学习)在理解和记忆方面的优劣,强调纸质阅读对于深度学习和记忆的重要性。
1.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Seem unlikely to last.　 B.Seem hard to explain.
C.Become ready to use. D.Become easy to notice.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据上文的“When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.”可知,在阅读几百字的文本时,纸质阅读比屏幕阅读的学习效果更好。结合本句的“...when experimenters move from posing simple tasks...such as drawing inferences from a text.”可知,当实验人员把任务从易到难推进时,纸质阅读的优势尤为明显,也就是变得容易被人注意到。由此可知,shine through的意思与D项相同。
2.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C.People select digital texts randomly.
D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,which are often not so serious...when they are reading print.”是对shallowing hypothesis(浅层阅读假说)的解释说明。人们通常带着一种不太严肃的态度去阅读社交媒体的数字文本。由此可知,A项符合题意。
3.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A.They can hold students’ attention.
B.They are more convenient to prepare.
C.They help develop advanced skills.
D.They are more informative than text.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies...”可知,大学教师之所以越来越多地使用音频和视频,是因为它们比文本更加吸引人,也就是能够保持学生的注意力。
4.What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。最后一段第一句强调了数码文本、音频和视频的教育作用,接着用However一转指出,教育者不应该认为所有媒体的作用都是一样的,暗示我们切勿忽视印刷文本的重要性,即其他媒体信息不能完全取代印刷文本。
B(2025全国二卷,B)
Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford(LPCH).“Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho.“People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do,but that’s not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386,where each year,about 500 LPCH patients also become students.The hospital school is free of parents,doctors,and medical procedures.It’s a place of learning.About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less;others are there for more than a year.Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
Still,in room 386,academics don’t come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority.“If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that,there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says.“I’m a coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.”
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers(同龄人)outside the hospital.“I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good,director of pain management services at LPCH.“It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了露西尔·帕卡德儿童医院的教师 Kathy Ho 如何在医院学校中为患病儿童授课,强调医院学校不仅关注学业,更注重学生的身心健康,帮助他们在治疗期间保持对学习和生活的希望。
5.Who does Ho teach at LPCH
A.Sick children.　　　
B.Young nurses.
C.Medical students.
D.Patients’ parents.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Here’ is room 386,where each year,about 500 LPCH patients also become students.”可知,Ho的学生是露西尔·帕卡德儿童医院的患者,即患病儿童。故选A项。
6.What is a characteristic of Ho’s job
A.Prioritizing academics.
B.Encouraging innovation.
C.Treating various diseases.
D.Playing multiple roles.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。第三段中Ho提到“I’m a coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.”,表明她作为一名医院学校的教师,在工作中同时扮演教练、顾问和安慰者等多重角色。故选D项。
7.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A.Offering regular lessons.
B.Paying extra attention.
C.Assigning no schoolwork.
D.Showing no sympathy.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。第四段中提到“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy instead.”,部分老师不布置作业,只表达同情,Ho 认为这对孩子不利。因此 “it” 指代 “不布置作业” 的行为。故选C项。
8.How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good
A.It eases peer pressure.
B.It helps them live in hope.
C.It frees them from aches.
D.It entertains them with stories.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Good 的话“School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”可知,医院学校通过给孩子们一种持续学习和成长的方式,来维持他们的梦想,帮助他们在病痛中保持对生活的希望,有梦想就代表有希望。故选B项。
题型四　主旨大意题
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目,因为该类题目不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。题型主要包括标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中找出一些关键词、信息句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。
题型特点 选项特征
1.主旨大意题考查的是对文章内容深层次的理解、概括能力,它要求在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。 2.标题归纳类要求学生选出文章的最佳标题,文章大意题和段落大意题考查文章或段落的主旨大意。 正确选项特征
1.涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段。
2.确定的范围恰当,既不能太大,也不能太小。
3.精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
4.含有文章关键词或者有象征意义的事物。
干扰选项特征
以偏概全:只阐述了局部信息或主题的某一个方面。
主题过大:归纳概括过于宽泛,超出了文章实际所讨论的内容。
断章取义:以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
无中生有:与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖。
技法1 标题归纳题——高度概括法
[典例](2024全国甲卷,B)
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However, when a cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However,another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats,which they don’t usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that has been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it!
27.What is a suitable title for the text
A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B.Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior
C.Have Fun with Your Cat
D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
解题之门
第一步　读文章,理清结构:
第一段:介绍猫通过声音和人类交流;
第二段:介绍猫通过嗅觉感知环境;
第三段:介绍猫可以为人类取物。
第二步　析选项,斟酌判断:
A 找一只聪明猫的小贴士 无中生有,生搬硬套
B 了解你的猫的行为 涵盖性强,覆盖全文
C 和你的猫玩得开心 无中生有,生搬硬套
D 如何让你的猫保持健康 无中生有,生搬硬套
第三步　对比选项得出答案
[自主解答]　 　
B
设题特点
标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力,要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。
设问方式
1.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
2.What can be a suitable title for the text
3.What is the best title for this passage
4.The most suitable title of this passage is “ 　　　”.
图解技法
技法2 文章大意题——主题句定位法
[典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,C)
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital,restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically,it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud,BMF is remotely monitored.Also,there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated,it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil,the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest,users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover,having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
31.What does the text mainly talk about
A.BMF’s major strengths.
B.BMF’s general management.
C.BMF’s global influence.
D.BMF’s technical standards. 　　
解题之门
第一步　读文章,概括文意:
第一段:引入关于BMF的话题;
第二段:简单介绍BMF的概念;
第三段:介绍BMF的原理及优点;
第四段:BMF意味着零排放,不会污染环境;
第五段:介绍 BMF员工的环保意识。
第二步　析选项,斟酌判断:
A BMF的主要优势 涵盖性强,覆盖全文
B BMF的综合管理 无中生有,生搬硬套
C BMF的全球影响力 无中生有,生搬硬套
D BMF的技术标准 无中生有,生搬硬套
第三步　对比选项得出答案
[自主解答]　 　
A
设题特点
文章大意题考查考生深层理解文章程度以及在速读中准确定位文章大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的,把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
设问方式
1.What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/text
2.What does the text/passage mainly focus on
3.The passage/text is mainly about 　　　.
4.The general/main idea of the passage is 　　　.
5.The passage mainly focuses on 　　　.
图解技法
技法3 段落大意题——首尾兼顾法
[典例](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,D)
On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation. B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors. D.The design of Galton’s experiment. 　　
解题之门
第一步　首尾兼顾定段意:
第一段铺垫背景,点出了文章话题,即Francis Galton的论文和研究揭示了群体智慧效应的现象。第二段则详细解释了群体智慧效应的形成机制,人们估算的误差并不总是相同的,有人倾向于高估,有人倾向于低估,当样本规模足够大的时候,人们之间的误差互相抵消,因此形成了群体智慧效应。因此,第二段借介绍群体智慧效应的形成机制,解释了群体智慧效应的底层逻辑。
第二步　析选项,斟酌判断:
A 估计的方法(原文未提及相关内容) 无中生有,生搬硬套
B 这一效应的底层逻辑(精确概括本段核心主旨) 涵盖性强,覆盖全段
C 人们产生误差的原因(原文未提及相关内容) 无中生有,生搬硬套
D Galton实验的设计(原文未提及相关内容) 无中生有,生搬硬套
第三步　对比选项得出答案
[自主解答]　 　
B
设题特点
段落大意题主要考查考生用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”,即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义,二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架,在框架下判断主旨,准确性更高。
设问方式
1.What does the author tell us in paragraph...
2.The main idea of the second paragraph probably is 　　　.
3.The first paragraph is mainly about 　　　.
4.What is the...paragraph mainly about
图解技法
课堂应用
A(2024新课标Ⅰ卷,B)
“I am not crazy,” says Dr.William Farber,shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh.He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医) now practicing “holistic”medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber,a graduate of Colorado State University,started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alterative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So,after studying the techniques for a couple of years,he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack,Tindale says,she was prepared to put him to sleep,but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse,Nappy,“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any indication,he may be right:Since 1982,membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。兽医William Farber奉行中西医结合的整体医学疗法,融合西方传统疗法与东方针灸、按摩等疗法,通过个人经历和治疗案例,展示了整体医学疗法在兽医实践中的应用并取得了良好疗效。
1.What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him
A.He’s odd.　 B.He’s strict.
C.He’s brave. D.He’s rude.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I am not crazy”和“If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.”可知,William Farber的一些同事嘲笑他不同寻常的治疗方法,他极力辩解“我没有疯”。由此可知,他的一些同事认为他很怪异,A项符合题意。
2.Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A.He was trained in it at university.
B.He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C.He benefited from it as a patient.
D.He wanted to save money for pet owners.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句可知,William Farber通过中医针灸治疗并取得很好的疗效。他受到启发,经过多年的研习之后,他决定把中医和西医结合起来给自己的“病人”——宠物,进行治疗。
3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B.The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C.Examples of rare animal diseases.
D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。作者在第三段列举了两个具体的治疗案例及其疗效,这说明整体医学疗法对于动物治疗是有效的。
4.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A.To prove Farber’s point.
B.To emphasize its importance.
C.To praise veterinarians.
D.To advocate animal protection.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,William Farber相信他的治疗方法将会随着时间的推移而越来越受欢迎。自1982年以来,美国整体医疗兽医协会会员人数的增加也印证了这一观点。
B(2025全国二卷,D)
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa,where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant,supermarket,and supply chain industries.From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing.But last month,one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way:It changed its menu to exclusively(专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability,and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了纽约Blue Hill餐厅改名wastED的实验,用原本会被丢弃的食材制作菜品,以提高公众对食物浪费问题的关注。实验虽然只持续了短短的两周,却证明了可持续饮食的可能性。
5.What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A.He witnessed food shortage.
B.He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C.He donated food to Africans.
D.He helped to cook at home.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“growing up in South Africa,where the phrase ‘there are children starving in Africa’ was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact”可知,作者童年时期长大于南非,那儿存在食物短缺问题,“非洲有孩子在挨饿” 是“事实”。由此推断作者可能目睹过食物匮乏的状况。
6.Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A.To customize dishes for guests.
B.To make the public aware of food waste.
C.To test a food processing method.
D.To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.” 可知,Blue Hill 餐厅开展实验的目的是通过定制菜品,让公众意识到食物浪费问题。
7.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why the ingredients were used.
B.Which dishes were best liked.
C.What the dishes were made of.
D.Where the ingredients were bought.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。第五段首句指出 wastED 的食材 “并非垃圾”,而是大部分餐厅都不会使用的肉类和农产品的边角料,随后列举 kale ribs,fish collars等通常被餐厅丢弃的原料,并说明它们被改造成美味佳肴。因此该段主要介绍菜品的原料构成。
8.What can we learn about wastED
A.It has ended as planned.
B.It is creating new jobs.
C.It has regained popularity.
D.It is criticized by top chefs.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu”可知, wastED是计划中的短期实验,目前已结束并恢复常规菜单。故选A项。

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