资源简介

文体分类练(一)　应用文
Passage 1
主题:免费社区交换活动　词数:242　难度:★★☆☆☆
Free Community Swap
Contact:
Catherine Crawford,　(718) 809-1603　ccrawford@grownyc.org
Jon Klar,　(646) 530-0381　jklar@grownyc.org
New Yorkers looking to reduce,reuse,and save money this year are invited to participate in Stop ‘N’ Swap,a free community event organized by local non-profit GrowNYC.
The average NYC household throws away about 2,000 pounds of waste a year.By reusing through events like Stop ‘N’ Swap,NYC residents can take part in saving over 40 million pounds of material from landfill every year.Take a break from shopping,support a cleaner future,and join the ever-growing reuse community!
WHAT:Free Stop ‘N’ Swap Community Reuse Event
WHEN:February 19th,12 pm-3 pm
WHERE:Bronx Works Classic Community Center-286 East 156th Street,Bronx,NY 10451
The public are invited to bring clean and reusable items.No one is required to bring something to take something—you can simply show up with a bag and see what’s free for the taking.Books,toys,clothing,and electronics are just some of the offerings.Furniture and other large items are not accepted at the swap.Anything leftover at the end of the day is donated or recycled.
Stop ‘N’ Swaps have developed a regular following among environmentally conscious New Yorkers.After almost two years without swaps,GrowNYC has set a goal of hosting one swap in each of the city’s 59 community districts each year,providing opportunities to make NYC truly livable—a place where every person can enjoy a healthier life.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了GrowNYC组织的免费社区交换活动。
1.What should you do to get more information from Catherine
A.Call (646) 530-0381.
B.Call (718) 809-1603.
C.Email jklar@grownyc.org.
D.Visit 286 East 156th Street,Bronx.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由文章Contact部分中“Catherine Crawford,(718) 809-1603”可知,应该拨打(718) 809-1603才能从凯瑟琳那里得到更多的信息。
2.What items are unacceptable at the Stop ‘N’ Swap
A.Dry-as-dust books.
B.Old-fashioned clothes.
C.Out-of-date electronics.
D.Second-hand furniture.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中“Furniture and other large items are not accepted at the swap.”可知,家具和其他大件物品在交换中是不可接受的。
3.What is the aim of GrowNYC’s Stop ‘N’ Swap
A.To make NYC a better place to live in.
B.To enrich New Yorkers’ community life.
C.To reduce the cost of dealing with waste in NYC.
D.To encourage districts to compete in sustainability.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“After almost two years without swaps,GrowNYC has set a goal of hosting one swap in each of the city’s 59 community districts each year,providing opportunities to make NYC truly livable—a place where every person can enjoy a healthier life.”可知,活动的目的是让纽约成为更适合居住的地方。
Passage 2
主题:香港的四座大楼　词数:304
难度:★★☆☆☆
Hong Kong has the largest collection of high-rise buildings on Earth,many of which have been designed by world-famous architects.
HSBC Headquarters Building
In 1979,the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation(HSBC) launched an international design competition for its new headquarters.Foster+Partners,headed by architect Sir Norman Foster,won the competition with an out-of-the-box idea.With a budget of roughly $667 million in the day’s currency,the British visionary had the modular (模块化的) pieces constructed in the US,Japan and the UK before shipping them to Hong Kong for assembly (组装).
The Henderson
Zaha Hadid Architects(ZHA) has revealed plans to replace a multi-story car park in Hong Kong’s central business district with a new 623-foot tower.Like so many of ZHA’s visionary projects,the office tower,completed in 2023,integrates technology with natural environments.For instance,there is a sky garden which is an outdoor recreational space with a running track and a planting network that acts as an effective biological air-purifying filter by consuming pollutants.
Two International Finance Centre
On a clear day,you can see straight across Hong Kong from the offices in Two International Finance Center(2IFC),completed in 2003.Designed by the late Cesar Pelli,the 1,352-foot tower was the tallest in the city upon its completion.It transformed the skyline when it opened with its breathtaking height and tapered(锥形的) shape,symbolizing Hong Kong’s rise.
Bank of China Tower
The 1,205-foot tower,completed in 1990,broke records at the time and became an instant landmark as the first tower over 985 feet outside North America.A vision of urban energy,expansion and geometry,the Bank of China Tower(BOC Tower) was designed to resemble a bamboo shoot,symbolizing strength,vitality and China’s emergence as a significant player in international finance.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了香港的四座大楼的情况。
4.What is special about the HSBC Headquarters Building
A.It was designed by several architect teams.
B.It was funded by countries across the world.
C.Its style was considered to be the most creative.
D.Its design was a winning work of a competition.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据HSBC Headquarters Building部分中“In 1979,the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation(HSBC) launched an international design competition for its new headquarters.Foster +Partners,headed by architect Sir Norman Foster,won the competition with an out-of-the-box idea.”可知,汇丰总部大楼的特别之处在于它的设计是一项竞赛的获奖作品。
5.Which building combines technology with nature
A.HSBC Headquarters Building.
B.The Henderson.
C.Two International Finance Centre.
D.Bank of China Tower.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据The Henderson部分中“Like so many of ZHA’s visionary projects,the office tower,completed in 2023,integrates technology with natural environments.”可知,The Henderson将技术与自然融合了。
6.What do the BOC Tower and 2IFC have in common
A.They are known for being eco-friendly.
B.They were completed in the same century.
C.They used to be the tallest in Hong Kong.
D.They were designed by the same architect.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Designed by the late Cesar Pelli,the 1,352-foot tower was the tallest in the city upon its completion.”以及最后一段中“The 1,205-foot tower,completed in 1990,broke records at the time and became an instant landmark as the first tower over 985 feet outside North America.”可知,中银大厦和第二国际金融中心的共同之处是它们都曾经是香港最高的建筑。
Passage 3
主题:不同寻常的雕塑　词数:342
难度:★★☆☆☆
Have you heard of these four monuments
Carhenge.Floralis Genérica.Traffic Light Tree.Hand of the Desert—these are four unusual monuments from around the world you might like to visit.
Carhenge
Carhenge is in Alliance,Nebraska(USA).As the name suggests,it has a lot in common with Stonehenge,the famous stone circle on Salisbury Plain.But while Stonehenge was built with stones,Carhenge was created with cars.The monument was made in 1987 by a local artist Jim Reinders and his family.He used old cars and even an ambulance.At first,the people of Alliance didn’t like it,but they soon changed their minds after it became popular with tourists,who brought lots of money to the town.
Floralis Genérica
Floralis Genérica is a massive statue of a flower.It stands in a pool of water in front of the National Museum of Fine Arts in Buenos Aires,Argentina.Eduardo Catalano,a native of Argentina,gave the statue as a gift to the city in 2002.Every morning,the flower opens.Ask anyone who has seen it and they’ll tell you that watching it open is an unforgettable sight.In fact,many people believe it is one of the most beautiful statues in the world.
Traffic Light Tree
The Traffic Light Tree is situated at Heron Quay,in one of London’s financial districts.The tree has 75 sets of traffic lights.It was created by French artist,Pierre Vivant,and was installed in 1998.A computer controls the lights,which are turned on and off randomly.The roundabout where the tree is was voted the most popular roundabout in the UK in a recent survey.
Mano del Desierto (Hand of the Desert)
The Hand of the Desert is in the Atacama Desert in Chile.The sculpture was designed by the Chilean sculptor Mario Irarrazabal.From a distance,it looks as if there’s a giant in the sand who has stuck his hand out of the ground.
If you’re looking for something new to see,you know where to go!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座不同寻常的雕塑。
7.Why did the people of Alliance change their attitude toward Carhenge
A.It reminded them of Stonehenge.
B.It brought them financial benefits.
C.It added beauty to their community.
D.It displayed the creativity of the designer.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由文章“ Carhenge”部分中“At first,the people of Alliance didn’t like it,but they soon changed their minds after it became popular with tourists,who brought lots of money to the town.”可知,人们改变了对巨车阵的态度是因为它给他们带来了经济利益。
8.Which of the four monuments was designed by a foreign artist
A.Carhenge.
B.Floralis Genérica.
C.Traffic Light Tree.
D.Mano del Desierto.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由文章“ Traffic Light Tree”部分中“The Traffic Light Tree is situated at Heron Quay,in one of London’s financial districts.The tree has 75 sets of traffic lights.It was created by French artist,Pierre Vivant,and was installed in 1998.”可知,Traffic Light Tree是由外国艺术家设计的。
9.Where is the text probably from
A.A guide book.
B.A news report.
C.A science magazine.
D.An architecture advertisement.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是由文章第一段“Carhenge.Floralis Genérica.Traffic Light Tree.Hand of the Desert—these are four unusual monuments from around the world you might like to visit.”可知,文章介绍了世界各地四座不同寻常的雕塑;由此可推知,文章很可能来自一本旅游指南。
1文体分类练(二)　记叙文
Passage 1 (2025济南实验中学高三下学期五模)
主题:滑雪橇初体验　词数:368　难度:★★★☆☆
Simon took as much time as he could pulling on his snow trousers and boots,zipping up his jacket,and finding his helmet and gloves.His brother Gabe paced the front hall.“Let’s go!”
The brothers walked to the park,the sleds (雪橇) bouncing against their snow pants.Swish,swish,swish.Simon could see the sledding hill ahead of them.To him,it looked more like a sledding mountain.It was so high that the park district had built wooden steps into the slope to help sledders climb back up.Kids were taking turns on sleds,screaming all the way down.Simon couldn’t tell if their cries meant they were happy or terrified.Yet he knew which one he felt.
Gabe was taking the steps two at a time.“Come on!” he called to Simon.Simon stared up.He was both sweating and freezing,his stomach knotted like a pretzel.Should he turn back But the line of kids on the steps behind him meant he had to keep climbing.
At the top his brother stopped and looked at Simon.“Do you want me to go down with you ”he asked.Knowing Gabe wanted to fly down the sledding hill without his little brother,Simon took a deep breath.“I’m going.By myself.”
“Good for you,Simon,” Gabe said.
Simon sat crossed-legged on the sled and gripped (紧握) the plastic handles on each side.His heart was doing leapfrogs.Gabe gave him a small nudge on his back.Suddenly,he was dashing down the hill like a wild penguin.The wind whooshed.The cold stung.He had the handles in a death grip when the sled swung around and sent him flying down the hill backward.BACKWARD!He couldn’t stop.Faster and faster he went.He couldn’t even scream.Was he going to crash Why had he thought this was a good idea
The ground leveled off,and Simon’s sled slowed and then came to a stop at last.He rolled out and lay on his back,breathing hard.
“Are you all right ” Gabe asked.
Simon sat up slowly and looked around.
“Simon,say something!Say something!” Gabe said.
Simon grinned,“Again ”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了西蒙和哥哥加布去公园滑雪橇的故事。西蒙起初害怕犹豫,但最终勇敢尝试,结束后还想再滑一次。
1.How did Simon feel before leaving for the park
A.Excited and confident.
B.Hesitant and unwilling.
C.Eager and amazed.
D.Shocked and depressed.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“Simon took as much time as he could pulling on his snow trousers and boots,zipping up his jacket,and finding his helmet and gloves.His brother Gabe paced the front hall.‘Let’s go!’”可知,西蒙磨蹭着穿装备,表现出他的犹豫,不太愿意去公园。由此可推断出,西蒙在去公园之前是犹豫和不情愿的。故选B项。
2.Why did Simon decide to keep climbing the steps despite his fears
A.Because Gabe was pushing him to do so.
B.Because he didn’t want to disappoint his brother.
C.Because other kids were waiting behind him.
D.Because the view from the top was too inviting.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But the line of kids on the steps behind him meant he had to keep climbing.”可知,西蒙决定继续爬台阶是因为其他孩子在他后面等着。故选C项。
3.What happened to Simon when he was sledding down the hill
A.He lost control and flew backward.
B.He skillfully made a perfect turn.
C.He crashed into the ground and got injured.
D.He enjoyed a smooth ride down.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第六段中“He had the handles in a death grip when the sled swung around and sent him flying down the hill backward.BACKWARD!He couldn’t stop.Faster and faster he went.”可知,西蒙在滑雪橇下山时失去控制,倒着向后冲了下去。故选A项。
4.What can be inferred about Simon’s attitude at the end of the story
A.He was regretful and didn’t want to sled again.
B.He was relieved and grateful to be safe.
C.He was eager to sled a second time at once.
D.He felt it unworthy to take the risk.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Simon grinned,‘Again ’”可知,西蒙还想再滑一次,由此可推断出,他在故事结尾渴望立刻再滑一次雪橇。故选C项。
Passage 2
主题:让老太太搭便车　词数:357　难度:★★★☆☆
One day as I drove toward my home,I passed the local bus depot.I pulled up as a group of people crossed the road in front of me.As I watched,I noticed a thin,shabbily dressed older lady struggling with a large suitcase.
Witnessing this lady and remembering similar struggles I had experienced in the past when traveling,I pulled up alongside her and leaned over to call out through the open passenger window,“I’m going right into the town,” I said.“I can drop you off.That suitcase looks awfully heavy.” “Well,all right,” she answered.When we got there,she thanked me,“Well,God bless you,lady.No one has ever done me a kindness like that before.I hope someone will do a good turn for you one day.”
Shortly after the encounter with the suitcase lady,I decided to spend a day in the mountains alone.I set off with my dog in my pickup,which was elderly but still serviceable.After driving for nearly two hours,I heard a sudden loud noise and my truck came to a full stop.I found its axle was broken and needed to be towed.In a remote area,with no hope of finding another person,I knew I was in big trouble.Over and over,I blamed my own stupidity for being in a deserted area with no possible chance of help.I hoped that no wandering bear would come to investigate.Or a hungry mountain lion—with babies.My imagination ran riot.I started to panic.
Then faintly,in the distance,came the roar of motorbikes.As they drew nearer,I could see that they were a group of motorcycle riders.“Do you need help,ma’am ” I heard a concerned voice say.The rest is history.My pickup,my dog and I were all transported back to safety.I shall never forget the kindness of the motorcycle riders who stopped.Some people may think it was a happy coincidence,but personally I like to say,it was someone that really did a good turn for me,just as the suitcase lady said.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者某天让一个拿着行李的老太太搭了便车,结果在那之后不久,自己的车在半路坏了,也遇到了好心人帮助,作者认为这是善有善报。
5.How did the author help the old lady
A.She gave her a lift to the town.
B.She helped her cross the road.
C.She carried the suitcase for her.
D.She took her to a nearby hotel.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,作者帮助老太太搭便车去镇上。
6.What happened to her pickup on the way to the mountains
A.It ran out of gas.
B.It crashed into a tree.
C.It broke down halfway.
D.It was attacked by animals.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“After driving for nearly two hours,I heard a sudden loud noise and my truck came to a full stop.I found its axle was broken and needed to be towed.”可知,作者的车在去山里的路上坏了。
7.What was the author’s reaction to the incident in paragraph 3
A.She blamed it on the old road.
B.She lost her temper with the dog.
C.She stayed calm and asked for help.
D.She felt very uneasy and frightened.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Over and over,I blamed my own stupidity for being in a deserted area with no possible chance of help.I hoped that no wandering bear would come to investigate.Or a hungry mountain lion—with babies.My imagination ran riot.I started to panic.”可知,作者对这次事件的反应是感到非常不安和害怕。
8.Which of the following is the best title for the story
A.Do as You Would Be Done by
B.A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
C.What Goes Around,Comes Around
D.God Helps Those Who Help Themselves
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者某天让一个拿着行李的老太太搭了便车,结果在那之后不久,自己的车在半路坏了,也遇到了好心人帮助,作者认为这是善有善报。由此可知,C选项“善有善报”最适合作文章标题。
Passage 3
主题:保护真菌　词数:338　难度:★★★☆☆
In 1999,Giuliana Furci,founder and founding director of the Fungi (真菌) Foundation,developed a deep interest in fungi.They were everywhere,and the 20-year-old took particular joy in the variety of mushrooms:small and button-shaped;tall and umbrella-like;round with red caps topped with white flakes.Some were commonly found in people’s diets,for they were rich in nutrients such as vitamin,fiber,minerals and protein.
But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi went largely ignored in Chile,where there were few guidebooks and an almost total lack of policies and resources to protect them from over-harvesting and other human activities.Determined to correct this,Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a non-profit dedicated to fungi conservation.In her guide,special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.
“Life on the planet wouldn’t exist without fungi,” said Greg Mueller,a mushroom conservation expert.“Because of their relationship with forests and trees,we can’t survive without fungi.In terms of the health of the planet,they’re incredibly important to humans and the overall ecosystem.” Fungi can break down plants and animals,thus cycling nutrients and increasing their availability in the soil.They are also important contributors to the soil carbon stock through the same process.What’s more,fungi have been found to help degrade(降解) various pollutants,such as plastic.And mycelium (菌丝体),which is the root structure of mushrooms,is now being used to replace unsustainable materials,such as plastic and animal-based products.
Because of these,exploration of fungi was expanded at a faster pace.However,some were already listed as critically endangered.In 2010,Furci took an even bigger step—with other environmental non-profits,she put forward a proposal for the government to systematically assess how large new developments such as housing,dams,and highways affect fungi.In 2012,a law was passed and Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Furci意识到真菌对地球上生命的重要性后通过写指南、成立基金会等方式来呼吁人们关注并保护真菌。她和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过了一项保护真菌的法律。
9.What can we learn about Furci from the first two paragraphs
A.She enjoyed collecting mushrooms.
B.She was fond of cooking mushrooms.
C.She worried about the situation of fungi.
D.She had a habit of writing field guidebooks.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi went largely ignored in Chile,where there were few guidebooks and an almost total lack of policies and resources to protect them from over-harvesting and other human activities.”可知,Furci担心真菌的现状。
10.What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about
A.The life on the earth without fungi.
B.The importance of fungi on the earth.
C.The relations between trees and fungi.
D.The practical uses of fungi in the future.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据本段第一句“‘Life on the planet wouldn’t exist without fungi,’said Greg Mueller,a mushroom conservation expert.”并结合本段其他内容可知,本段主要介绍了真菌对地球上生命的重要性。
11.How did Furci protect the ecosystem
A.By writing free instructions on plants.
B.By starting a non-profit ecotourism company.
C.By raising awareness of the importance of fungi.
D.By passing laws to ban over-harvesting mushrooms.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Determined to correct this,Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a non-profit dedicated to fungi conservation.In her guide,special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.”可知,为了保护真菌,Furci写了指南并成立了真菌基金会。由此推知,Furci通过提高人们对真菌重要性的认识来保护真菌。
12.Which of the following best describes Furci’s work
A.Ground-breaking.　　 B.Debatable.
C.Romantic. D.Unmatched.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In 2010,Furci took an even bigger step—with other environmental non-profits,she put forward a proposal for the government to systematically assess how large new developments such as housing,dams,and highways affect fungi.In 2012,a law was passed and Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.”可知,Furci和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过了一项保护真菌的法律。由此推知,Furci的工作是有开创性的。
1考点分类练(七)　词句猜测题(1)
Passage 1
主题:在太行山路上投递邮件　词数:311
难度:★★★☆☆　
For nearly two decades,a thin,sun-burnt postal worker could frequently be seen carrying packages along a dangerous mountain trail in the Taihang Mountains.
The 10-kilometer-long route,which is between 20 centimeters and 1 meter wide,is known as the “cat road” by locals,meaning that it is so dangerous that only cats could walk on it.Whereas,Zhao Yuefang,a postal worker in Ewu township in Huguan county,Shanxi Province,had to walk the route every day to deliver mail.
Every day at the crack of dawn,he would start his journey along the “cat road”.From picking up the day’s post to delivering it to villagers and returning along the same route,it took Zhao four days.During rainy and snowy seasons,the mountain road,part of which hugs the cliffs,would become slippery and dangerous.One day in the winter of 2003,the “cat road” was covered in thick snow and he slipped off the trail.Fortunately,he was able to stop his sharp descent by grabbing a tree branch and slowly managed to climb to safety.
By 2012,Zhao had walked more than 300,000 km and delivered over 800,000 pieces of mail.Born and raised in the deep mountains,Zhao truly understands the significance of mail deliveries to villagers.“They depend on the mail to keep in touch with the outside world,” he said.“Their sheer joy written on their face while receiving any post struck me,” he added.
In 2012,a 67-kilometer-long tourist highway was built and gone were those days when Zhao risked his life to walk on the “cat road”.But Zhao was even busier than before.“The number of packages I handle daily now exceeds the number I used to deal with in the past,” said Zhao,adding that villagers are turning to online shopping and ordering more and more goods by post.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。它讲述了一位名叫赵月芳的邮政工作人员在太行山的危险山路上投递邮件的故事,通过描述他的工作经历和所面临的挑战,文章展现了其坚持不懈和奉献的精神。
1.Why is the mountain trail referred to as “cat road”
A.It’s shaped like a cat.
B.It’s intended for cats.
C.It is too narrow and risky.
D.It rains cats and dogs there.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The 10-kilometer-long route,which is between 20 centimeters and 1 meter wide,is known as the ‘cat road’ by locals,meaning that it is so dangerous that only cats could walk on it.”可知,因为这条路太窄,风险太大,只有猫才能在上面走,所以被称为“猫路”。
2.What does the word “descent” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Fall.　　　　 B.Pain.
C.Turn. D.Landing.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据上文“One day in the winter of 2003,the ‘cat road’ was covered in thick snow and he slipped off the trail.”并结合下文“grabbing a tree branch”可知,他滑下了小路,但是他抓住一根树枝,应是阻止了急剧的下降,推知descent意为“下降”,和A项意思相近。
3.According to the passage,which words can best describe Zhao
A.Persistent and dedicated.
B.Diligent and ambitious.
C.Considerate and confident.
D.Courageous and generous.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章前三段内容可知,赵月芳20年来一直在太行山一条被称为“猫路”的危险山路上投递邮件,他坚持不懈、有奉献精神,即使路线危险也不放弃,因此最能描述他的词语是“Persistent and dedicated(坚持不懈和有奉献精神的)”。
4.What has always motivated Zhao’s enthusiasm for his job
A.The villagers’ respect for him.
B.His being born and raised there.
C.Today’s huge number of the packages.
D.The value of the deliveries to the locals.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,赵在深山出生、长大,他真切理解邮件投递对于村民的重要性,所以是邮件投递的价值一直激励着赵对工作的热情。
Passage 2
主题:古典音乐　词数:336　难度:★★★☆☆
Pullman is a superb writer and Seagull is a brilliant communicator.They had a debate after Seagull posted a question on his social media platform:“When you were trying to create an environment for learning,what were your best pieces of classical music to listen to ” He received hundreds of suggestions—and one negative reply,from Pullman:“That’s not what classical music is for.Treat it with respect.”
That did it!Everyone—professional musicians,students,teachers—weighed in on the argument,and the majority supported Seagull and were criticizing Pullman.
It’s easy to see why people are annoyed.We all want classical music to be as accessible as possible,especially to the young.If some of them are using Bach or Schubert as a tool to help them study,what’s the problem They may also develop an attachment to classical music.
So is Pullman ridiculous and supercilious by objecting to classical music being used as background music At first sight,his idea seems stuffy and extreme.By suggesting that classical music should be “treated with respect” and not used as background music,Pullman seems to be closing classical music to millions of people.
It’s worth pointing out,however,that he isn’t the first to express concerns about classical music being devalued by becoming too commonplace in today’s technologically-shaped world.In Benjamin Britten’s 1964 speech,the composer expressed exactly the same worries as Pullman.Britten suggested,“The true musical experience demands some preparation,some effort,a journey to a special place,saving up for a ticket,some homework perhaps.”In short,it demands as much effort from listeners as from composers and performers.
I don’t agree with such an extreme viewpoint,but I do think it touches on a reality.You will never fully grasp the beauty of classical music if you half-hear it only in the background.That doesn’t necessarily matter.Music can be enjoyed on many levels.What Pullman and Britten are really saying is that,in a drive for “accessibility”,we shouldn’t deny the emotional and intellectual complexity underpinning (构成) much classical music.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了古典音乐的应用场景和价值,以及对于将古典音乐用作背景音乐的不同观点。
5.What did Seagull’s posting result in
A.Great admiration for Seagull.
B.Public criticism of classical music.
C.A discussion about learning environments.
D.An argument over the role of classical music.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章前两段内容可知,Seagull发帖的结果是引起了关于古典音乐作用的争论。
6.What does the underlined word “supercilious” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Self-important.　　　 B.Open-minded.
C.Impatient. D.Considerate.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据上文“ridiculous and”可知,supercilious和ridiculous并列,为贬义词,以及下文“At first sight,his idea seems stuffy and extreme.By suggesting that classical music should be ‘treated with respect’ and not used as background music,Pullman seems to be closing classical music to millions of people.”可知,Pullman认为需要尊重古典音乐,所以推知Pullman认为将古典音乐作为背景音乐是荒谬和傲慢的,supercilious为“傲慢”之意,和A项“妄自尊大的”意思相近。
7.Why is the Benjamin Britten’s 1964 speech mentioned
A.To show his affection for classical music.
B.To introduce young people to classical music.
C.To demonstrate classical music is demanding.
D.To support Pullman’s idea over classical music.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,作者提到了本杰明·布里顿1964年的演讲,是为了支持Pullman对古典音乐的看法。
8.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Pullman’s idea
A.Favorable. B.Doubtful.
C.Objective. D.Uninterested.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者既不同意Pullman极端的观点,但是也不认为将古典音乐作为背景音乐是合适的,因为你将永远无法完全领略古典音乐的美,所以他的态度是客观的。
Passage 3
(2025苏州第六中学校高三第四次模拟)
主题:人工智能助手　词数:320　难度:★★★★☆
In recent years,AI assistants have emerged as a significant technological development,revolutionizing the way people interact with technology.These intelligent programs,such as Siri,Alexa,and Google Assistant,are designed to understand natural language,answer questions,and perform a wide range of tasks.
The development of AI assistants is based on advanced machine-learning algorithms (算法).They are trained on vast amounts of text data from the Internet,books,and other sources.This training enables them to recognize patterns in language,understand context,and generate appropriate responses.For example,when you ask an AI assistant,“What’s the weather like today ”,it can quickly access weather data sources and provide you with an accurate answer.
One of the most remarkable features of AI assistants is their versatility.They can be used in various settings.In homes,they can control smart devices like lights,thermostats,and security cameras.For instance,you can simply say,“Alexa,turn on the living-room lights,” and the lights will turn on.In workplaces,they can assist with tasks such as scheduling meetings,sending emails,and conducting research.Some companies are even using AI assistants to handle customer service inquiries,providing instant responses to common questions.
However,the rise of AI assistants also raises some concerns.Privacy is a major issue.Since these assistants are always listening for their wake-words,there are worries about what they might be recording and how that data is being used.Additionally,there are questions about the accuracy of their responses.While they are generally quite good,AI assistants can sometimes provide incorrect or misleading information,especially when dealing with complex or ambiguous questions.
Despite these concerns,the future of AI assistants looks promising.As technology continues to improve,they are likely to become even more intelligent and capable.They may be integrated more deeply into our daily lives,from helping us manage our finances to providing personalized health advice.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能助手这一技术发展的重要性、工作原理、应用场景以及所带来的问题和发展前景。
9.What does the underlined word “versatility” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Complexity. B.Specialization.
C.Diversity. D.Intelligence.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线单词下文“They can be used in various settings.In homes,they can control smart devices like lights,thermostats,and security cameras.”以及 “In workplaces,they can assist with tasks such as scheduling meetings,sending emails,and conducting research.Some companies are even using AI assistants to handle customer service inquiries,providing instant responses to common questions.”可知,人工智能助手能在家庭中控制多种智能设备,在工作场所协助多种任务,体现了其功能的多样性。选项C “diversity”意为“多功能性、用途广泛”,与此相符。故选C项。
10.Why are AI assistants able to answer various questions
A.Because they are equipped with advanced hardware.
B.Because they are trained with large amounts of data.
C.Because they can access information from the Internet instantly.
D.Because they can understand the hidden meaning in questions.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The development of AI assistants is based on advanced machine-learning algorithms.They are trained on vast amounts of text data from the Internet,books,and other sources.This training enables them to recognize patterns in language,understand context,and generate appropriate responses.”可知,人工智能助手是基于先进的机器学习算法开发的,通过大量数据训练,它们能够识别语言模式、理解上下文并生成适当的响应,从而能够回答各种问题。故选B项。
11.What is the author’s attitude towards the future of AI assistants
A.Pessimistic. B.Doubtful.
C.Optimistic. D.Neutral.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Despite these concerns,the future of AI assistants looks promising.As technology continues to improve,they are likely to become even more intelligent and capable.They may be integrated more deeply into our daily lives,from helping us manage our finances to providing personalized health advice.”可知,作者在最后一段明确表示尽管存在一些担忧,但人工智能助手看起来很有前景,随着技术不断进步,它们可能会变得更智能、更有能力并更深入地融入日常生活,体现了作者乐观的态度。故选C项。
12.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To show that AI assistants are becoming more and more popular in daily life.
B.To state the development,features,concerns and future of AI assistants.
C.To show that AI assistants have both advantages and disadvantages.
D.To state the application of AI assistants in different fields.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,文章开篇介绍了人工智能助手作为重大技术发展改变了人们与技术的互动方式,接着阐述其基于先进算法通过大量数据训练,具有多功能性,还指出其引发的隐私和准确性等方面的担忧,最后表明其很有前景,整体阐述了人工智能助手的发展、特点、引起的担忧及其发展前景。故选B项。
1文体分类练(三)　说明文之新发明/新产品类
Passage 1
主题:发明创造　词数:324　难度:★★★☆☆
3M and Discovery Education announced Sean Jiang from Gilman School as one of the top ten finalists from across the nation for the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge.It’s a competition that encourages students to identify an everyday problem and submit a video showing the science behind the solution he or she came up with.
14-year-old Jiang decided to help those who can’t see.Blind people had a hard time navigating (导航) objects that are medium to far range.So Jiang wanted to design something to give them a heads-up on obstacles that may be incoming.
Jiang’s inspiration came from the powers of the hearing system.“I learned in school that bats and whales are able to use echolocation(回声定位) to help them navigate and just use their sense of hearing and I also saw on YouTube some very skilled blind people that use echolocation to help them walk,” said Jiang.
Jiang started with a virtual reality setting and then made it a reality.His creation uses a depth camera that can detect how close objects are,thus giving enough time to dodge the obstacles.When a blind is walking with the device,the sensor of the depth camera gathers the information regarding the obstacles’ position and distance.Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data into musical sound guidance.This could significantly increase the walking speed of a blind person as well as decrease the number of obstacles they hit.
Some other similar programs were alright at finding objects that were in close range,but Jiang still wanted the blind to experience the world even fuller so they were able to see stuff that was much further away than their circle of reach.
In October,the top ten finalists will compete in person in Minneapolis for the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” and a $25,000 prize.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一个青少年Sean Jiang的发明创造,他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。
1.What can we learn about Jiang from the first two paragraphs
A.He was the champion of the 2023 3M event.
B.He invented technology to remove road obstacles.
C.He sought to assist the blind in walking smoothly.
D.He developed a new navigation app for his school.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,Jiang设法帮助盲人顺利行走。
2.Why did Jiang mention “echolocation”
A.To show the development of technology.
B.To present the difficulties the blind face.
C.To stress the significance of hearing.
D.To explain the inspiration of his invention.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Jiang提到“回声定位”是为了解释他的发明灵感。
3.What does the underlined word “dodge” mean in paragraph 4
A.Avoid.　　　　　　 B.Encounter.
C.Challenge. D.Remove.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。画线词下文“When a blind is walking with the device,the sensor of the depth camera gathers the information regarding the obstacles’ position and distance.Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data into musical sound guidance.This could significantly increase the walking speed of a blind person as well as decrease the number of obstacles they hit.”说明该设备能够帮助盲人避开障碍物,从而推知画线词意思是“避开”。
4.What is the text mainly about
A.3M facilities intended for the blind.
B.A teen using sound to help the blind.
C.An invention to cure vision problems.
D.A competition to improve the blind’s life.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了一个青少年Sean Jiang的发明创造,他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。
Passage 2
主题:机器人传感器　词数:357　难度:★★★☆☆
Researchers have developed a robotic sensor that combines artificial intelligence techniques to read Braille (盲文) at speeds roughly double that of most human readers.The research team,from the University of Cambridge,used machine learning algorithms (算法) to teach a robotic sensor to quickly slide over lines of Braille text.
The robotic sensor the researchers used has a camera in its “fingertip”,and reads by using a combination of the information from the camera and the sensors.“This is a hard problem for roboticists as there’s a lot of image processing that needs to be done to remove motion blur(模糊),which is time-and energy-consuming,” said Parth Potdar from Cambridge’s Department of Engineering.
“There are existing robotic Braille readers,but they only read one letter at a time,which is not how humans read,” said Potdar.“Existing robotic Braille readers work in a static way:They touch one letter pattern,read it,pull up from the surface,move over,lower onto the next letter pattern,and so on.We want something that’s more realistic and far more efficient.”
The team developed machine learning algorithms so the robotic reader would be able to “deblur” the images before the sensor attempted to recognise the letters.They trained the algorithms on a set of sharp images of Braille with fake blur applied.After the algorithms had learned to deblur the letters,they used a computer vision model to detect and classify each character.
Once the algorithms were incorporated,the researchers tested their reader by sliding it quickly along rows of Braille characters.The robotic Braille reader could read 315 words per minute with 87% accuracy,which is twice as fast and about as accurate as human Braille reader.
“Braille reading speed is a great way to measure the dynamic performance of tactile(能触知的) sensing systems,so our findings could be applicable beyond Braille,for applications like detecting surface textures or slippage in robotic manipulation,” said Potdar.
In the future,the researchers are hoping to scale the technology to the size of a humanoid hand.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的研究团队开发了一种机器人传感器,该传感器结合了人工智能技术,能以近似人类读者两倍的速度读取盲文。
5.What is difficult for roboticists to deal with in the reading process
A.Ridding of motion blur.
B.Teaching a robot to learn.
C.Processing robotic sensors.
D.Fixing a camera on the fingertip.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘This is a hard problem for roboticists as there’s a lot of image processing that needs to be done to remove motion blur,which is time-and energy-consuming,’ said Parth Potdar from Cambridge’s Department of Engineering.”可知,机器人专家在阅读过程中很难消除动态模糊。
6.What does the underlined word “static” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Still.　　　　 B.Fast.
C.Clever. D.Lazy.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“‘There are existing robotic Braille readers,but they only read one letter at a time,which is not how humans read,’ said Potdar.”以及画线词下文“They touch one letter pattern,read it,pull up from the surface,move over,lower onto the next letter pattern,and so on.”可知,现有的机器人盲文阅读器是以静态的方式工作的。
7.What did Potdar want to express in paragraph 6
A.The good performance of the robot sensor.
B.The promising future of their research results.
C.The factors in making the tactile sensing systems.
D.The way to ensure the accuracy of the technology.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知,他们的研究结果可以应用到其他方面。由此可推断,该研究结果是有前景的。
8.Which can be the best title for the text
A.Technology to be scaled to the size of a humanoid hand
B.Robots trained to read Braille at twice the speed of humans
C.A great way to measure the performance of sensing systems
D.Machine learning algorithms expected to change Braille writing
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了剑桥大学研究团队开发的机器人传感器,该传感器结合了人工智能技术,能以近似人类读者两倍的速度读取盲文。B项“Robots trained to read Braille at twice the speed of humans (机器人被训练以两倍于人类的速度阅读盲文)”最能概括本文主旨。
Passage 3
主题:预测阅读困难的新工具　词数:306　难度:★★★☆☆
A study expands positive evidence for a new screening tool that directly engages preschool children during clinic visits to assess their early literacy skills.The tool,called The Reading House (TRH),is the first of its kind.It has the potential to identify reading difficulties as early as possible,according to researchers at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center.
TRH is an assessment developed by John Hutton and his team for kids aged from 3 to 5.Screening takes just about five minutes and assesses performance levels for kids aged from 3 to 5.It addresses a significant gap in ways to screen early literacy skills efficiently and directly.The tool,which is fun for kids,could be used in places like primary care or preschool settings.The screening measures core skills typically appearing in the preschool age range,including vocabulary,rhyming,alphabet knowledge and print concepts.All are skills predictive of reading success and often associated with reading difficulties.
The study involved 70 healthy children—34 boys and 36 girls—between 3 and 5 years old from various socioeconomic background.The children completed standardized tests of important literacy skills:vocabulary,rhyming arid rapid automatized naming.Fifty-two of these children also successfully completed MRI (磁共振成像),including the measurement of the gray matter surface of their brains.The thicker cortex (皮质),particularly in left-sided areas supporting language and reading,has been associated with higher skills that are predictive of reading outcomes.
Many children arrive at kindergarten unprepared to learn to read,especially those from minorities and economically poor backgrounds—estimated at over 50% of children from disadvantaged backgrounds in the U.S.and over 25% overall.“By screening early during clinic visits,we can target effective interventions that help these children better prepare for kindergarten and improve reading outcomes—literally,snapping their brains to read,” said Hutton.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些研究人员研发出了一个新的工具,可以帮助预测3—5岁的小孩是否会有阅读困难。
9.What might be the purpose of creating TRH
A.To identify the best reading apps for kids.
B.To develop preschool kids’ literacy skills.
C.To discover kids’ reading problems early.
D.To study key factors in kids’ development.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The tool,called The Reading House (TRH),is the first of its kind.It has the potential to identify reading difficulties as early as possible,according to researchers at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center.”可知,该工具可以确认学龄前儿童是否会有阅读困难。
10.What can we know about the new screening tool
A.It lacks reliability.
B.It has operational advantages.
C.It covers a wider target group.
D.It’s modelled after conventional tools.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Screening takes just about five minutes and assesses performance levels for kids aged from 3 to 5.It addresses a significant gap in ways to screen early literacy skills efficiently and directly.”可推知,该工具有操作方面的优势——可操作性强。
11.Which participants may be more capable of reading
A.Older children from minority groups.
B.Younger children from economically advanced areas.
C.Children with complex cortical patterns in their brains.
D.Children with the thicker cortex in the left-sided areas of their brains.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The thicker cortex,particularly in left-sided areas supporting language and reading,has been associated with higher skills that are predictive of reading outcomes.”可知,左边大脑皮质层较厚的孩子会有较强的阅读能力。
12.What attitude does Hutton have to TRH
A.Doubtful.　　 B.Favorable.
C.Uncertain. D.Conservative.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Hutton认为该工具能帮助改善来自贫穷家庭孩子的阅读,因此他是满怀希望的。
1考点分类练(九)　词句猜测题(3)
Passage 1
主题:英文句子　词数:372　难度:★★★☆☆
Think you have a good grasp of English Good.Read the six sentences below,then.
Sentence 1:The old man the boat.
Sentence 2:The cotton clothing is made of grows in Mississippi.
Sentence 3:Time flies like an arrow;fruit flies like a banana.
Sentence 4:Fat people eat collects.
Sentence 5:The man who hunts ducks out on weekends.
Sentence 6:The complex houses married and single soldiers and their families.
Linguists (语言学家) call these “garden path sentences”,which take you by the hand and lead you down a winding path to a dead end.Despite this,they’re all grammatically correct.Let’s see why.
Sentence 1:The old man the boat.
Besides sounding like a rejected Hemingway title,this sentence is indeed grammatically correct thanks to some well-placed homonyms—words that share the same spellings but have different meanings.Homonym 1 here is “old”,used as a noun,meaning “old people”;homonym 2 is “man”,used as a verb,meaning “to serve in/on”.With that in mind,the sentence means “The old people serve on the boat.”
Sentence 2:The cotton clothing is made of grows in Mississippi.
At first read,you’d think “is made of” is the main verb of this sentence.But it’s not.The simplest form of this sentence is “The cotton grows in Mississippi”;confusingly,“clothing is made of” is used to tell us what cotton we’re talking about.This sentence would make way more sense if written “The cotton that clothing is made of grows in Mississippi”,but English allows us to remove certain conjunctions like “that”,with its meaning maintained.
Sentence 3:Time flies like an arrow;fruit flies like a banana.
The first half of this sentence is easy to catch.So when dealing with the other half,people usually follow the structure of the first half,and it’d be understood as “fruits fly like bananas”.This is obviously unreasonable.Only when people rethink can they recognize the true meaning of the sentence.Therefore,such sentences manage to make people ignore the structure of the sentence itself,thus departing from its original meaning.
Come on!Take a walk down the garden path with the rest of the sentences.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对特殊的英文句子的理解。
1.What’s the characteristic of “garden path sentences” according to linguists
A.Misleading but error-free.
B.Accurate and plain.
C.Improperly-worded and meaningless.
D.Ungrammatical but comprehensible.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由文章第八段“Linguists call these ‘garden path sentences’,which take you by the hand and lead you down a winding path to a dead end.Despite this,they’re all grammatically correct.Let’s see why.”可知,这些句子的特点是误导但没有错误。
2.Which word is an example similar to the homonym of “man” in sentence 1
A.“grows” in sentence 2.
B.“eat” in sentence 4.
C.“hunts” in sentence 5.
D.“houses” in sentence 6.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由文章第一个标题“Sentence 1:The old man the boat.”下的“Homonym 1 here is ‘old’,used as a noun,meaning ‘old people’;homonym 2 is ‘man’,used as a verb,meaning ‘to serve in/on’.”和第七段“Sentence 6:The complex houses married and single soldiers and their families.”可知,第6句中的“houses”可以是名词“房子”,本句中用作动词“给(某人)提供住处”与第1句中“man”都是具有名词词性,在句子中用作动词。
3.Which of the following correctly interprets “fruit flies like a banana” in sentence 3
A.“fruit flies” refers to a sort of insect.
B.“flies” serves as the verb of the sentence.
C.“flies like” explains what fruit is talked about.
D.“like” has the same meaning as the “like” before it.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。由文章第三个标题“Sentence 3:Time flies like an arrow;fruit flies like a banana.”下的内容可知,句子应该理解为“fruit flies”为句子主语,意为“果蝇”,指的是一种昆虫;谓语是“like”意为“喜欢”;宾语是“a banana”,意为“香蕉”。
4.What can be the troublemaker in sentence 4
A.The ill-placed verbs.
B.The removal of “that”.
C.The grammar mistakes.
D.The lack of noun behind “collects”.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Sentence 4:Fat people eat collects.”可知,people前省略了that,that people eat为定语从句,修饰先行词Fat,“Fat”此处作名词,意为“脂肪;肥肉”,所以“that”的省略导致句子不好理解。
Passage 2
主题:蜜蜂　词数:303　难度:★★★☆☆　
Bees are more than just honey-makers.They are essential pollinators (传粉者) that help maintain the balance of our ecosystems and the diversity of our crops.Bees are among the most diverse and plentiful insects on Earth,with over 20,000 species worldwide.They belong to the order Hymenoptera (膜翅目昆虫),which also includes wasps,ants,and sawflies.
Bees have evolved to feed on nectar (花蜜) and pollen from flowers,and in doing so,they transfer pollen from one flower to another,enabling fertilization (受精) and reproduction.This process,called pollination,is essential for the survival of many plants,especially those that produce fruits,nuts,seeds,and vegetables that we eat.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),bees and other pollinators affect 35% of global agricultural land,supporting the production of 87% of the leading food crops worldwide.
Pollination also enhances the quality and quantity of the crops,as well as their resistance to pests and diseases.Without bees and other pollinators,our food supply and our biodiversity would be at risk.
Unfortunately,bees are facing many threats,such as habitat loss,pesticide use,climate change,diseases,and invasive species.The FAO estimates that 16.5% of vertebrate (脊椎动物) pollinators and 40% of invertebrate pollinators,such as bees,are facing extinction.This could have serious consequences for our food security,our livelihoods,and our environment.
Therefore,it is important to protect the bees and their habitats,and to raise awareness about their role and value.
One way to appreciate and support the bees is to learn how to identify them and observe their behavior.You might be surprised by the diversity and beauty of the bees that visit your backyard,garden,or balcony.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂不仅是蜂蜜制造者,更是至关重要的传粉者,对于维护生态系统平衡、丰富农作物多样性起着不可或缺的作用,同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及保护蜜蜂的紧迫性。
5.Why are pollinators important
A.They help the bees fertilize.
B.They keep the crops diverse.
C.They support the bees to make honey.
D.They protect insects such as wasps.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Bees are more than just honey-makers.They are essential pollinators that help maintain the balance of our ecosystems and the diversity of our crops.”可知,传粉昆虫很重要是因为它们在维持生态系统平衡和农作物多样性方面至关重要。
6.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.How pollination works.
B.How the flowers attract bees.
C.How the bees reproduce.
D.How the plants produce fruits.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,第二段主要介绍了蜜蜂通过取食花蜜和花粉进行传粉,从而帮助植物受精和繁殖的过程,即“传粉是如何运作的”。
7.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 5 probably refer to
A.Climate change.
B.Pesticide use.
C.Pollinators’ survival crisis.
D.Bees’ habitat loss.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。根据第五段的“The FAO estimates that 16.5% of vertebrate pollinators and 40% of invertebrate pollinators,such as bees,are facing extinction.”可知,蜜蜂和其他传粉者面临灭绝的危机,“这种危机”可能导致严重的后果,因此,“This”指代的是“传粉者生存危机”。
8.Which would be the best title for the text
A.A duty:Protect Bees’ Habitat
B.A Means:Observe Bees’ Behaviour
C.Bees:Maintainers of the Ecosystem
D.Bees:Consumers at the Top of the Food Chain
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段以及倒数第二段内容可知,文章主要围绕蜜蜂作为生态系统维护者的核心角色展开,论述了其传粉功能对农业生产、生物多样性和环境稳定性的重大意义,同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及其保护的紧迫性。所以“蜜蜂:生态系统维护者”适合作本文的标题。
Passage 3
主题:保护个人隐私　词数:303　难度:★★★☆☆　
There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into digital monitors,health apps,search engines and other online tools.If the same information were provided in your doctor’s office,your privacy would be safeguarded.But that’s not how the digitized health world works.
Instead,we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel,hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information.
That means technology companies can—and do—dig your digital data for clues about your health status,accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought,and potentially link this information to your name,address,email address and other personally identifying information.The data can then be used by platforms including Meta and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you.
It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law,which protects interactions between patients,medical professionals and insurers but does not,in most cases,protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies.
Closing the patient privacy gap can- and should-be a priority for lawmakers.The consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn significant concern and attention.These worries are reasonable.But reproductive care is only one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed.
Therefore,lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal,professional and other reasons.Until then,a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect.The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题展开论述,分析了当前健康技术公司在处理个人健康信息时存在的法律漏洞和滥用现象,并强调了立法者需要采取行动来保护个人隐私的重要性。
9.What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world
A.Personal health data is used for other purposes.
B.Personal health information is difficult to identify.
C.Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health.
D.Medical personnel protect the personal health information well.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段内容可知,现在我们的个人健康信息没有得到应有的保护,这些数据反而被包括Meta和谷歌在内的平台使用,以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信。
10.What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law
A.Approving.　　　　 B.Critical.
C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,作者认为现行的隐私法存在巨大漏洞。由此推知,他对现行隐私法是持批评态度的。
11.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 6 refer to
A.The spread of health service.
B.People’s privacy.
C.A narrowly targeted approach.
D.The explosion of digital technology.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线单词上一句“Until then,a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect.”以及画线单词所在句“The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.”可推测,画线词it指的是上文提到的“targeted approach”。
12.What is the purpose of the text
A.To advocate improvement in the privacy law.
B.To report cases of illegal information exposure.
C.To explain how the digitized health world works.
D.To introduce a debate on the effect of technology.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段以及全文内容可知,文章主要讨论了数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题,特别指出了当前隐私法存在的漏洞以及健康技术公司如何滥用个人健康信息。作者强调了这一问题的严重性,并呼吁立法者采取行动来弥补这一漏洞,保护个人隐私。由此推知,文章的目的是倡导改进隐私法,以确保个人健康信息得到妥善保护。
1文体分类练(六)　议论文
Passage 1
主题:气候变化对体型的影响　词数:321
难度:★★★☆☆
The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size,as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures,a leading fossil expert has said.
Professor Steve Brusatte,a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh,suggested that the way in which other mammals have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans’ future.He compared the potential problem of people as similar to that of early horses,which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55 million years ago.
Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals,Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas,an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule.“The reasons are not entirely understood,but it is probably,in part,because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than bigger animals and can thus improve the dissipation of the extra heat,” he writes.
Brusatte said that becoming smaller was “a common way that mammals deal with climate change”.He added,“That’s not to say every species of mammal would get smaller,but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures rise pretty quickly.That does raise the question:If temperatures do rise really quickly,might humans get smaller And I think that’s certainly reasonable.”
However,not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink.Professor Adrian Lister,of the Natural History Museum in London,said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak.“We are not really controlled by natural selection,” he said.“If that was going to happen,you’d need to find large people dying before they could reproduce because of climate warming.That is not happening in today’s world.We wear clothes,and we have got heating,just as we have got air conditioning if it is too hot.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。
1.How do mammals cope with climate change according to Brusatte
A.Moving to colder regions.
B.Reducing their body size.
C.Losing their weight.
D.Adapting their diet.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size,as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures,a leading fossil expert has said.”及第四段中“Brusatte said that becoming smaller was ‘a common way that mammals deal with climate change’.”可知,根据Brusatte的说法,哺乳动物减小体型来应对气候变化。
2.What does the underlined word “dissipation” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Exchange.
B.Formation.
C.Absorption.
D.Emission.
答案 D
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals,Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas,an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule.”和画线词所在句中“The reasons are not entirely understood,but it is probably,in part,because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than bigger animals”可知,体型较小的动物比体型较大的动物更容易散热,从而推知画线单词意思是“散发”。
3.What is Adrian Lister’s attitude towards the recent study
A.Worried.
B.Objective.
C.Skeptical.
D.Approving.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However,not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink.Professor Adrian Lister,of the Natural History Museum in London,said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak.”以及“That is not happening in today’s world.”等内容可知,Adrian Lister对最近的研究持怀疑态度。
4.What is the best title of this text
A.The Threat of Climate Change to Human Survival
B.The Impact of Climate Change on Mammal Body Sizes
C.The Evolutionary Trends in Mammal Body Sizes
D.The Adaptive Strategies of Mammals to Climate Change
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。本文探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。B项“气候变化对哺乳动物体型的影响”符合主题。
Passage 2
主题:对生活的看法　词数:314
难度:★★★☆☆
Is life a story or a game Answers may vary from one to another.Over the course of life,we find things to love and commit to—a job,a partner or a community.At times,we struggle to learn from our misfortunes to grow in wisdom,kindness and grace.
Will Storr,a writer whose work I admire,says this story version of life is a misunderstanding.In his book The Status Game,he argues that human beings are deeply driven by status.Rather than about being liked or accepted,he writes,it’s about being better than others.“When people are obedient to us,offer respect,admiration or praise,that’s status.It feels good.”
Life is a series of games,he adds.There’s the high school game of competing to be the popular kid.The lawyer game to make partner.The finance game to make the most money.The academic game for fame.The sports game to show that our team is the best.Even when we are trying to do good,Storr claims,we’re playing the “virtue game” to show we are morally superior to others.
I think Storr is in danger of becoming one of those guys who ignore the noble desires of the human heart and the caring element in every friendship and family.The status-mad world that Storr describes is so loveless.In fact,gaming as a way of life is immature.Maturity means rising above the shallow desire—for status—that doesn’t really nourish us.It’s about cultivating the higher desires:the love of truth and learning;the inner pleasure the craftsman gets in his work,which is not about popularity,and the desire for a good and meaningful life that inspires people to practise daily acts of generosity.
How do people gradually learn to cultivate these higher motivations To answer that,I’d have to tell you a story.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。生活是一个故事还是一场游戏 作家Will Storr认为生活就是一系列的游戏,人类深受地位的驱使,作者指出这种生活态度是不成熟的,成熟意味着追求更高的愿望。
5.What lies in the core of Will Storr’s opinion about life
A.The pride in one’s virtue.
B.The pursuit of superiority.
C.The desire for acceptance.
D.The motivation by wealth.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In his book The Status Game,he argues that human beings are deeply driven by status.Rather than about being liked or accepted,he writes,it’s about being better than others.‘When people are obedient to us,offer respect,admiration or praise,that’s status.It feels good.’”可知,Will Storr作品的核心在于追求更高的地位,要比别人更好,B项“追求卓越”符合题意。
6.What can be viewed as higher motivations in the text
A.Love and inspiration.
B.Maturity and desire.
C.Commitment and kindness.
D.Friendship and popularity.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the course of life,we find things to love and commit to—a job,a partner or a community.At times,we struggle to learn from our misfortunes to grow in wisdom,kindness and grace.”和第四段中“It’s about cultivating the higher desires:the love of truth and learning;the inner pleasure the craftsman gets in his work,which is not about popularity,and the desire for a good and meaningful life that inspires people to practise daily acts of generosity.”可知,C项“承诺和善良”可以被视为更高的动机。
7.What’s the main purpose of the passage
A.To correct an attitude.
B.To compare two values.
C.To explain two arguments.
D.To criticize a viewpoint.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。文章首句“Is life a story or a game ”提出问题:生活是一个故事还是一场游戏 接着提到了作家Will Storr对此问题的回答,Will Storr认为生活就是一系列的游戏,人类深受地位的驱使,接着作者提到这种生活态度是不成熟的,故本文的目的是纠正一种态度。
8.What story do you think the author will tell next
A.A king’s-comeback story.
B.A rags-to-riches story.
C.A Yuan Longping-style story.
D.An overnight-success story.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“It’s about cultivating the higher desires:the love of truth and learning;the inner pleasure the craftsman gets in his work,which is not about popularity,and the desire for a good and meaningful life that inspires people to practise daily acts of generosity.”和最后一段“How do people gradually learn to cultivate these higher motivations To answer that,I’d have to tell you a story.”可知,更高的愿望是对真理和学习的热爱和对美好而有意义的生活的渴望,作者接下来要讲述如何培养这些更高动机,C项“一个袁隆平式的故事”符合更高动机的内涵。
Passage 3
主题:善意的谎言　词数:349　难度:★★★★★
“Individuals of all ages who have empathy(共情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara Greenberg,a clinical psychologist in Connecticut.“Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.A white lie,”she explains,“spares people from unnecessary hurt.”
At the same time,Dr.Julia Breur,a marriage and family therapist in Florida,emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone.The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you;it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to.For example,she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is,can eventually face stressful experiences.When that parent eventually passes away,the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken.
Sometimes,telling white lies often depends on the situation,Dr.Breur says.For example,consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months.The daughter has gained noticeable weight,yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great.“I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr.Breur says.“So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight,it can be acceptable.It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness,protection and unconditional love.Otherwise,white lies—especially when told to avoid personal accountability—can start a cycle of mistrust between people,ultimately compromising integrity,” she adds.
Therefore,it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth,and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response.More often than not,it’s about finding a balance between the two.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害,但有时候,善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。因此,重要的是要问问自己,什么时候说实话是合适的,什么时候不合适,什么时候最好退一步,做出更微妙的回应,要在两者之间找到平衡。
9.What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg
A.They are short-lived.
B.They are unidentifiable.
C.They are trouble-making.
D.They are common.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.A white lie,’she explains,‘spares people from unnecessary hurt.’”可知,根据芭芭拉·格林伯格的说法,善意的谎言很常见。
10.What message does Dr.Breur deliver in paragraph 2
A.White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners.
B.We must respond to our family members truthfully.
C.It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent.
D.The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time,Dr.Julia Breur,a marriage and family therapist in Florida,emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone.The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you;it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to.”可知,善意的谎言给说谎者和听者都会带来伤害。
11.What is Dr.Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in paragraph 3
A.Uncaring.
B.Critical.
C.Supportive.
D.Doubtful.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,’ Dr.Breur says.‘So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight,it can be acceptable.It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness,protection and unconditional love.Otherwise,white lies—especially when told to avoid personal accountability—can start a cycle of mistrust between people,ultimately compromising integrity,’ she adds.”可知,Breur博士对第三段中母亲的做法持支持态度,她认为它反映了善意谎言的意图,即善意、保护和无条件的爱。
12.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.East or West,White Lies Are the Best
B.Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies
C.White Lies Signify Unconditional Love
D.White Lies Are Empathetic People’s Favorable Choice
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,本文主要讲了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害,但有时候,善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。因此,在说善意的谎言之前要三思。B项“Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies”最能概括本文主旨,适合作为标题。
1考点分类练(一)　细节理解题(1)
Passage 1 (2025深圳第三中学高三9月月考)
主题:健身书籍　词数:217　难度:★★★☆☆
If you’re looking to enhance your fitness journey,here are some must-reads.
The One-Minute Workout by Martin Gibala
For many of us,the problem is not to improve a workout,but to find time to exercise at all.Gibala’s eight fundamental interval workouts and four micro-workouts can be used as an alternative to quickly increase strength and endurance in hardly any time!It’s considered to be one of the best fitness books for beginners!
The Champion’s Mind by Jim Afremow
In his book,sports psychologist Jim Afremow,PhD,talks about how to stick to goals and keep yourself challenged over time.Though written with athletes in mind,this book would inspire anyone to approach their long-term goals.
How Bad Do You Want It by Matt Fitzgerald
This book is a great look into the attitude it takes to truly push yourself to those ultimate limits.I’ve had many runners who recommend this book themselves when I ask for favorites.I think it’s just a book that helps you figure out how to dig deep and what’s happening when you feel like stopping.
Becoming a Supple Leopard by Glen Cordoza
The book features hundreds of step-by-step photos for popular exercises like squats and kettlebell swings pointing out common mistakes.It’s a top resource for staying healthy and injury-free!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。短文介绍了四本有关健身的书籍。
1.Who would most probably choose the book written by Gibala
A.Businessmen with tight schedules.
B.Athletes aiming for peak performance.
C.Employees with flexible working time.
D.Fitness trainers seeking new challenges.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Gibala’s eight fundamental interval workouts and four micro-workouts can be used as an alternative to quickly increase strength and endurance in hardly any time!It’s considered to be one of the best fitness books for beginners!”可知,这本书针对的是时间紧张但想要快速提高体力和耐力的人群,因此最适合那些工作日程紧凑的商人。故选A项。
2.Which of the four books is highly popular with runners
A.The One-Minute Workout.
B.The Champion’s Mind.
C.How Bad Do You Want It.
D.Becoming a Supple Leopard.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“I’ve had many runners who recommend this book themselves when I ask for favorites.”可知,这本书受到了许多跑者的推荐,因此这本书在跑者中非常受欢迎。故选C项。
3.What concerns Cordoza most
A.Attitude.　　　 　B.Teamwork.
C.Duration. D.Safety.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’s a top resource for staying healthy and injury-free!”可知,Cordoza的书重点关注如何通过正确的锻炼方式保持健康并避免受伤,因此Cordoza最关心的是安全问题。故选D项。
Passage 2
主题:鹭岭的转变　词数:375　难度:★★★☆☆
The Luling Mountains in Jinzhou,Liaoning Province,used to be a deserted area without even a single tree.Now,it is a leafy paradise for birds,and tourists are flooding in.The huge transformation has occurred thanks to the consistent efforts of Tian Wangui,67,and his wife Lu Min,63,over nearly half a century.
In 1982,the couple contracted the land-use rights of the two mountains near their home.They intended to plant fruit trees in the mountains to make a living.Back then,the mountains were deserted with no trees at all.To help the seedlings(树苗) they planted survive in the barren(贫瘠的) land,the couple had to carry water to the mountains on their backs.They also bought whatever seeds were available from a nearby forest farm and spread them every spring,hoping to afforest the mountains.With such an extensive planting method,however,they initially failed to see many seeds take root in the barren soil.But the couple didn’t give up.
The couple’s perseverance finally paid off.They discovered that some tree species were tough enough to survive,including pine and mulberry.Now,more than 50,000 trees of over 20 species cover the land they contracted,following their consistent efforts to sow tree seeds year after year.
As the mountains became lush(郁郁葱葱),Tian and Lu were charged with a new task—patrolling(巡逻) their nearly 67 hectares of forest every day to prevent fires.The patrol even didn’t stop on the eve of last year’s Chinese Lunar New Year.Instead of watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala on Jan.21st like most Chinese,the couple went to patrol the mountains with the families of their son and daughter.“Many people set off fireworks to mark the arrival of the new year,so the holiday is a time when we have to stay cautious against fire threats,” Tian said.
The couple has no plans to quit their work,and they hope their children will follow in their footsteps.“We cherish the mountains and trees as we cherish our own children,” Lu said.“Even as we grow old,they will continue to patrol the woods and watch over the birds.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了辽宁省锦州市鹭岭由一片荒芜变成树木繁茂的鸟类天堂的转变过程。
4.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A.The mountains.
B.The forest farm.
C.The poor couple.
D.The tough condition.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Back then,the mountains were deserted with no trees at all.To help the seedlings they planted survive in the barren land,the couple had to carry water to the mountains on their backs.”以及“With such an extensive planting method,however,they initially failed to see many seeds take root in the barren soil.”可知,第二段主要讲的是艰苦的环境,故选D项。
5.What can we learn from paragraph 3
A.More than 20 species were sowed every year.
B.Pine and mulberry cannot survive on the land.
C.Their continuous efforts eventually worked.
D.They bought 50,000 trees according to the contract.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,这对夫妇的持续努力有了回报,故选C项。
6.Which of the following can best describe the couple
A.Honest and hardworking.
B.Curious and brave.
C.Determined and persevering.
D.Friendly and intelligent.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“With such an extensive planting method,however,they initially failed to see many seeds take root in the barren soil.But the couple didn’t give up.”以及倒数第二段中的“The patrol even didn’t stop on the eve of last year’s Chinese Lunar New Year.Instead of watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala on Jan.21st like most Chinese,the couple went to patrol the mountains with the families of their son and daughter.”可推理出,这对夫妇是坚定不移、持之以恒的,故选C项。
7.Why do the couple decide to continue their work
A.They regard the mountains as their children.
B.They want their children to succeed their career.
C.They can earn much money from the mountains.
D.They have a life-long contract with the government.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,这对夫妻决定继续他们的工作是因为他们把大山看成是他们的孩子,故选A项。
Passage 3
主题:沙漠变成种植园　词数:377　难度:★★★★☆
Climate change is causing more areas to turn into deserts.This issue is affecting the lives of 250 million people as land that used to be good for farming becomes dry and unproductive.Around one-third of the world’s land is impacted,including regions in Africa,southern Europe,Asia and America.
Sand to Green is a Moroccan company that can transform a patch of desert into a sustainable and profitable plantation in five years,according to Wissal Ben Moussa,its co-founder and chief agricultural officer.The solution is using agroforestry (农林业) to create a new kind of agriculture that is sustainable and that can be resilient (有适应力的) in front of climate change.
The system can be set up close to any source of salty water,which Sand to Green cleans using energy from the sun.It then grows different types of fruit trees and plants together in the same area—a method called mixed planting—and waters the plants’ roots directly with the cleaned water,to reduce water loss to the air.The soil is regenerated using what Sand to Green calls “green manure”,a mixture that includes compost,biochar(生物炭) and microorganisms that help the soil “wake up”.Biochar is a form of charcoal that can help dry soil hold on to water.
In a five-hectare trial in southern Morocco that’s been running since 2017,Sand to Green has tried out a variety of plants in search of the best performers.Among the intercropping herbs (草本植物) that have been successfully trialed are rosemary,geranium,vetiver and citronella,which Ben Moussa describes as “very low-maintenance and very high-profit”.
Sand to Green is now working to scale up to a 20-hectare commercial site,also in southern Morocco.It says a site of that size would cost around $475,000 to set up and would start bringing financial returns in about five years.
According to Ben Moussa,with this system they create biodiversity,which means better soil,healthier crops and a bigger yield.The plantation can generate 1.5 times more yield,thus making more money than a farm that grows only one type of crop in the same space.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化导致越来越多的地区变成沙漠。这一问题正在影响2.5亿人的生活,因为过去适合耕种的土地变得干旱和贫瘠。摩洛哥的一家公司可以在五年内将一片沙漠变成一个可持续的、有利可图的种植园。
8.What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 1
A.Deforestation.　　　　　 B.Desertification.
C.Global warming. D.Urbanization.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,作者在第一段描述了沙漠化的现象。
9.Why did Sand to Green use agroforestry
A.To preserve the crop’s survival rate.
B.To protect water from pollution.
C.To make a new type of soil.
D.To help people adapt to climate change.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The solution is using agroforestry to create a new kind of agriculture that is sustainable and that can be resilient in front of climate change.”以及第三段中“The soil is regenerated using what Sand to Green calls ‘green manure’,a mixture that includes compost,biochar and microorganisms that help the soil ‘wake up’.”可知,“Sand to Green”采用农林业是因为可以保持作物的存活率。
10.What can we learn about Sand to Green
A.It aims to plant more trees.
B.It earns a good reputation.
C.It develops new plants.
D.It produces good results.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Among the intercropping herbs that have been successfully trialed are rosemary,geranium,vetiver and citronella,which Ben Moussa describes as ‘very low-maintenance and very high-profit’.”可推知,“从沙到绿”产生了良好的效果。
11.What does the underlined phrase “scale up” mean in paragraph 5
A.Expand. B.Object.
C.Refer. D.Prefer.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“In a five-hectare trial...since 2017”及第五段中“to a 20-hectare commercial site”可知,此处为“Sand to Green”目前正在努力将试验区由5公顷扩大到20公顷的商业用地。故可猜测画线短语scale up为“扩大”的意思,与A项Expand“扩大”意思一致。
1考点分类练(六)　推理判断题(4)
Passage 1
主题:冬季度假的去处和活动　词数:265
难度:★★☆☆☆
Winter vacations don’t have to be about snow.From scenic coastal journeys to wildlife watching,we have found a trip for every type of winter wanderer.Here’re some hot spots.
Road-trip down Oregon’s scenic coast
One of Oregon’s Seven Wonders,this 363-mile stretch of coastline is filled with landscapes,waves,headlands,and winter storms.There’s no shortage of stops on the scenic route from Astoria to Brookings.Visit coastal communities,spot sea lions at Shore Acres State Park,watch dancing jellyfish at the Oregon Coast Aquarium,and explore 79 state parks.
Enjoy the light show in San Antonio,Texas
From late November to early January,millions of twinkling lights decorate the San Antonio River Walk in an eye-catching display.Riverboats carrying diverse mix of bell choirs,folk groups,and Latino bands fill the air with carols on evenings through late December.
Soak in New Mexico’s natural hot springs
With more than 300 days of sunshine a year,5 national forests,and 17 national parks and monuments,New Mexico is a paradise(乐园) of outdoor adventure.After an active day,loosen up your muscles in comfortable mineral springs.
Celebrate New Year’s Day with the mummers (哑剧演员) in Philadelphia
On New Year’s Day,thousands of brightly costumed people take to the streets of Philadelphia for the annual Mummers Parade,the oldest continuous folk parade in the U.S.The people line the streets of the City of Brotherly Love from JFK Boulevard down Broad Street to watch the mummers flood the city in an explosion of color,music,and dance.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要为读者介绍了一些冬季度假的热门去处和活动。
1.Where should visitors go if they want to explore coastal life
A.Oregon.　　　　　　　 B.San Antonio.
C.New Mexico. D.Philadelphia.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的“One of Oregon’s Seven Wonders,this 363-mile stretch of coastline is filled with landscapes,waves,headlands,and winter storms.”可知,如果游客想探索海岸生活,他们应该去俄勒冈州。
2.What is the right time for enjoying the light show
A.October 26. B.November 1.
C.December 16. D.February 4.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“From late November to early January,millions of twinkling lights decorate the San Antonio River Walk in an eye-catching display.Riverboats carrying diverse mix of bell choirs,folk groups,and Latino bands fill the air with carols on evenings through late December.”可知,灯光秀的时间是11月末到1月初,结合选项可知12月16日最适合。
3.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A history book. B.A travel brochure.
C.A course plan. D.An art journal.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“Winter vacations don’t have to be about snow.From scenic coastal journeys to wildlife watching,we have found a trip for every type of winter wanderer.Here’re some hot spots.”可知,这篇文章介绍的是旅游目的地和活动,因此它可能来自一本旅游手册。
Passage 2
主题:研究发现　词数:365　难度:★★★☆☆
Smartphones provide a palm(手掌)-size window to the world,enabling us to do almost anything at the touch of a button.Smart homes look after themselves,and virtual meetings mean that for many,time spent commuting is a thing of the past.
So we should have more free time.Time which is now spent sleeping,relaxing or simply doing nothing—right We recently interviewed 300 people across Europe to understand how they used digital devices in day-to-day life.This research showed that people want to avoid empty periods of time in their lives,so they fill those periods performing tasks,some of which wouldn’t be possible without technology.
Whether it was waiting for a bus,waking in the morning,or lying in bed at night,our research reported that time which would previously be “empty” was now filled with brain training apps,creating lists of things they should do or try based on their social media feed,and other life admin.
On the face of it some of these tasks may seem like examples of tech saving us time.In theory,online banking should mean I have more time because I no longer need to go to the bank in my lunch break.However,our research suggests that this is not the case.
If the idea that you have more time than ever before is making you choke on your coffee,you are not alone.There is growing evidence that while digital technology may help us to save some time,we end up using that time to do more and more things.For many people,it is no longer enough to simply eat dinner,watch TV or maybe do an exercise class.Instead,in an attempt to avoid wasting time,these activities are performed while also browsing the web in search of the ingredients for a more perfect life and trying to develop a sense of achievement.
It seems that people still see going for a walk or actually being with friends as more valuable than being online.Maybe if we put down the phone a little more,we would have the time to actually cook those recipes we watch online.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明智能家居让我们有更多的空闲时间,但不想浪费时间的人们希望避免生活中的空闲时间,会去做更多的事情。
4.What conclusion can be drawn in the first paragraph
A.Technology makes our lives easier.
B.We can’t live well without modern technology.
C.Virtual meeting is a thing of the past.
D.A smart home offers you luxury and convenience.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由第一段“Smartphones provide a palm-size window to the world,enabling us to do almost anything at the touch of a button.Smart homes look after themselves,and virtual meetings mean that for many,time spent commuting is a thing of the past.”可知,科技在许多方面让我们的生活更轻松。
5.What does the research find about free time
A.It is an essential means of relaxation.
B.It does good to perform daily tasks.
C.It is secretly stolen by technology.
D.It forces people to do more work.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第五段中“There is growing evidence that while digital technology may help us to save some time,we end up using that time to do more and more things.”可知,空闲时间是被技术秘密窃取的。
6.What does the example of online banking tell us
A.It’s not too late to get free time back.
B.Lunch break can be saved by online banking.
C.Doing little or nothing is sometimes OK.
D.Technology leads to a denser form of life.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第四段中“In theory,online banking should mean I have more time because I no longer need to go to the bank in my lunch break.However,our research suggests that this is not the case.”和第五段中“There is growing evidence that while digital technology may help us to save some time,we end up using that time to do more and more things.”可知,网上银行本意味着人们有更多的空闲时间,但事实并非如此,因为人们会利用这些空闲时间做越来越多的事情,可得出网上银行的例子告诉我们科技带来更密集的生活形式。
7.Who are the target readers of the text
A.Students in online learning.
B.Employees working in the bank.
C.People relying on digital devices.
D.Researchers in the technological lab.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第二段中“This research showed that people want to avoid empty periods of time in their lives,so they fill those periods performing tasks,some of which wouldn’t be possible without technology.”和第五段中“There is growing evidence that while digital technology may help us to save some time,we end up using that time to do more and more things.”和全文可知,技术虽替人们秘密窃取了一些空闲时间,但人们会利用这些空闲时间执行与技术相关的任务,再结合最后一段中“Maybe if we put down the phone a little more,we would have the time to actually cook those recipes we watch online.”可知,文章呼吁大家放下手机,可得出文章的目标读者是依赖数字设备的人。
Passage 3
(2025杭州外国语学校高三适应性检测)
主题:Sensechat语言模型　词数:309　难度:★★★★☆
“Is there a wife in a wife cake ” asked He Lixi,a local Cantonese.
“There is no actual wife in a wife cake,as it is just a traditional Hong Kong pastry (酥皮糕点),” answered Sensechat,a ChatGPT-like product,in fluent Cantonese.
He was impressed.Sensechat was the first artificial intelligence tool he had encountered that had a profound understanding of Cantonese language and culture.Many large language models (LLMs) from the mainland can’t recognize Cantonese accurately.Some Western-developed AI software can listen to Cantonese,but cannot speak it well.
Created by a Hong Kong company,Sensechat is the world’s first Cantonese LLM.Cantonese pronunciation uses lots of modal particles (语气助词),which usually go unnoticed by most AI tools,but Sensechat handles them effectively.Sensechat also handles written form of Cantonese.
Training an LLM takes efforts,said Cao Jianrong,the chair professor at the Department of Computing at Hong Kong Polytechnic University.It involves pre-training using extensive data,followed by fine-tuning (微调) with high-quality data.Later,more focused human input is needed to adjust the output of the LLM with local culture,ethics,morals,laws and other rules.
However,Cantonese web resources are limited in both quantity and quality.Most texts come from online forums and social media,and often contain low-quality language.Collecting clear speech data is also difficult,as many videos have background noise.
Despite the challenges,there’s a growing need for Cantonese-speaking AI.Nearly 120 million people worldwide speak the language,and 85.2 million are native Cantonese speakers.Without Cantonese AI tools,this population might face challenges using new technology in the future.
That’s why local tech companies like Sensechat are stepping up to create these tools.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government is also working with local universities to create Cantonese LLMs.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Sensechat这一粤语大语言模型(Cantonese LLM)的特点、训练过程、面临的挑战以及粤语AI工具的重要性。
8.What can be learnt about Sensechat
A.It’s the first AI tool in Hong Kong.
B.It has an insight into Cantonese culture.
C.It focuses only on spoken Cantonese.
D.It’s designed to promote Cantonese food.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“He was impressed.Sensechat was the first artificial intelligence tool he had encountered that had a profound understanding of Cantonese language and culture.”可知,Sensechat是何立熙遇到的第一个对粤语语言和文化有着深刻理解的人工智能工具,由此可推测,Sensechat对粤语文化有深刻的理解。故选B项。
9.What challenge does the training of Sensechat meet
A.A lack of data.
B.Complex moral rules.
C.Limited audience.
D.Unclear training process.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“However,Cantonese web resources are limited in both quantity and quality.Most texts come from online forums and social media,and often contain low-quality language.Collecting clear speech data is also difficult,as many videos have background noise.”可知,训练Sensechat面临的挑战是粤语网络资源在数量和质量上都有限,收集清晰的语音数据也很困难,也就是说,训练Sensechat遇到的挑战是缺乏数据。故选A项。
10.Why is developing Cantonese-speaking AI important
A.To explore the future of LLMs.
B.To expand the Cantonese AI market.
C.To promote the Cantonese culture.
D.To meet the needs of the Cantonese.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第七段“Despite the challenges,there’s a growing need for Cantonese-speaking AI.Nearly 120 million people worldwide speak the language,and 85.2 million are native Cantonese speakers.Without Cantonese AI tools,this population might face challenges using new technology in the future.”可知,全球有近1.2亿人说粤语,其中8 520万人是粤语母语者,没有粤语人工智能工具,这一群体在未来使用新技术时可能会面临挑战。所以说,开发说粤语的人工智能很重要是因为要满足说粤语人群的需求。故选D项。
11.What does the text mainly talk about
A.An impressive breakthrough in AI research.
B.A growing demand for AI language tools.
C.An innovative AI tool for Cantonese language.
D.A challenging case of Cantonese LLM training.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,文章开篇以关于“老婆饼”的问答引出Sensechat,接着介绍了Sensechat是世界上第一个粤语大型语言模型,它能有效处理粤语发音中的语气助词和书面形式的粤语,还讲述了训练它面临的挑战以及开发说粤语人工智能的重要性。选项C“An innovative AI tool for Cantonese language.(一种针对粤语的创新人工智能工具)”很好地概括了文章主要内容,即围绕Sensechat这种针对粤语的人工智能工具展开。故选C项。
1考点分类练(十一)　主旨大意题(2)
Passage 1 (2025青岛市实验中学高三摸底考试)
主题:技术化石　词数:318　难度:★★★☆☆
How might you make your mark on the world forever Write a play greater than Shakespeare’s,or score the winning World Cup goal There’s an easier way—just live your everyday life.You’ll likely leave a fascinating legacy(遗产) that might last a billion years.
As palaeontologists(古生物学家),we have studied the fossil record of the deep past.We’ve now turned our attention to the everyday objects,to see what kind of future fossils—we call them technofossils—they will make.We’ve written about this in our new book,Discarded:how technofossils will be our ultimate legacy.Here are some key messages:
The first things that’ll catch the eye of any far-future palaeontologist are our manufactured objects—buildings,roads,machines.In recent decades,they have rocketed in amount and now outweigh all living things on Earth.That’s a lot of raw material for generating future fossils.
Then,most things are designed to be durable and are significantly tougher than the average bone or shell.Some,like aluminium (铝) cans,are geological novelties.Discarded aluminium cans are now everywhere.Though resistant,buried cans will slowly break down,leaving can-shaped impressions,lined with tiny minerals.Their plastic liner may endure,forming future fossil signatures of our era.
Bones,classic fossil relics,will tell a story.The supermarket chicken,now Earth’s most common bird,has a high chance of fossilization.Buried in plastic-lined landfills,they will dry out,harden and turn to stone.Future geologists may see their weak,deformed remains as evidence of human-driven genetic changes for mass production.
It’s fun to imagine this and place the human story within Earth’s grand history.But there’s a more troubling truth.Tomorrow’s fossils are today’s pollution:damaging,often toxic,and costly.If we fail to act,these technofossils will serve as a lasting reminder of environmental neglect,locking in harm for future generations.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。古生物学家研究了日常物品形成的“技术化石”,它们或许会成为遗产,但其本质是当下的污染,若不处理将危害后代。
1.What can we learn about technofossils from the text
A.They are made up of natural materials.
B.They are formed from daily pollutants.
C.They have higher fossilization rates.
D.They disappear quickly without a trace.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Tomorrow’s fossils are today’s pollution:damaging,often toxic,and costly.” 可知,这些污染物(如废弃的人造物品等)在未来会成为化石,所以技术化石是由日常污染物形成的。故选B项。
2.Why are the supermarket chickens mentioned in the text
A.To explain why chickens are the most common birds.
B.To highlight why chickens have genetically changed.
C.To show how plastic waste preserves organic remains.
D.To illustrate how living creatures might become fossils.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Bones,classic fossil relics,will tell a story.The supermarket chicken,now Earth’s most common bird,has a high chance of fossilization.Buried in plastic-lined landfills,they will dry out,harden and turn to stone.”可知,提及超市鸡是为了举例说明生物如何通过特定环境条件(如填埋)变成化石。故选D项。
3.What is the author’s attitude towards technofossils
A.Concerned.　　　　
B.Disturbed.
C.Realistic.
D.Dismissive.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But there’s a more troubling truth.Tomorrow’s fossils are today’s pollution:damaging,often toxic,and costly.If we fail to act,these technofossils will serve as a lasting reminder of environmental neglect,locking in harm for future generations.”可知,作者对技术化石的潜在环境危害表示担忧。故选A项。
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Technofossils:Ultimate Legacy or Future Pollution
B.Legacy:Traditional Fossils and Technofossils
C.How to Keep Fascinating World of Palaeontology
D.How to Make Your Mark on the World Forever
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了技术化石(由日常物品形成的未来化石)可能成为人类的终极遗产,同时指出其本质是当下的污染。所以A选项Technofossils:Ultimate Legacy or Future Pollution 涵盖文章核心矛盾,符合语境。故选A项。
Passage 2
主题:刻意学习　词数:306　难度:★★★☆☆
The year is 1763,and a 7-year-old Mozart is about to set off on a tour around Europe that will jump-start the Mozart legend.Mozart had a trick up his sleeve.When young Mozart heard a note played—any note—he could immediately identify exactly which note it was.It was an ability now we know as “perfect pitch”,and it seemed to be an example of the mysterious gifts that young geniuses had been born with.But is that really so
Over my years of studying experts in various fields,like Mozart,I have found that there’s no such thing as a predefined ability.Actually,those people all develop their abilities through “deliberate practice”,a purposeful and systematic type of practice that makes it possible for them to do things they otherwise could not.In them,potential is an expandable vessel,shaped by the various things they do throughout their lives.
One of my testimonies came from Ray Allen,a ten-time All-Star in the NBA.Allen’s jump shot was not noticeably better than his teammates’ back in high school;in fact,it was poor.But with hard work and dedication,he transformed his jump shot into one so graceful and natural that people assumed he was born with it.
But it doesn’t mean “Just keep working at it,and you’ll get there”.Heartfelt desire and hard work alone will not lead to improved performance.The right sort of practice carried out over a sufficient period of time will lead to improvement.Nothing else.And this is true whether our goal is to become a concert pianist or just play the piano well enough to amuse ourselves,to be the greatest three-point shooter or just build ourselves up.Deliberate practice is the gold standard for anyone in any field who wishes to build new skills and abilities.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。各个领域的专家似乎具有某种与生俱来的神秘能力,但作者通过研究发现,这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,刻意练习是任何人在任何领域希望建立新的技能和能力的黄金标准。
5.Why is Mozart’s perfect pitch mentioned in paragraph 1
A.To introduce an inborn talent.
B.To explain reasons for success.
C.To lead to reflection on gifts.
D.To define a brilliant trick.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。第一段中的“It was an ability now we know as ‘perfect pitch’,and it seemed to be an example of the mysterious gifts that young geniuses had been born with.But is that really so ”提到年轻的莫扎特具有似乎是天生的神秘天赋——“绝对音高”的能力,接着提出一个问题,事实真的是这样吗 接着第二段中的“Actually,those people all develop their abilities through ‘deliberate practice’”提到实际上这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,故作者提到莫扎特的“绝对音高”能力是为了导入对天赋的思考。
6.Which is the most important in making an expert according to the writer
A.Affection.　 B.Experience.
C.Training. D.Gifts.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The right sort of practice carried out...wishes to build new skills and abilities.”可知,在作者看来,成为专家最重要的是刻意练习。
7.What does the underlined word “testimonies” mean in paragraph 3
A.Challenges. B.Proofs.
C.Comments. D.Puzzles.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。第二段中的“Actually,those people all develop their abilities through ‘deliberate practice’,a purposeful and systematic type of practice that makes it possible for them to do things they otherwise could not.”提到,这些非凡的能力并非天生,而是通过“刻意练习”来发展的,结合画线词下文可知,本段是通过Ray Allen的例子佐证上文的说法,由此推知画线词所在句意为“我的一个佐证来自Ray Allen,一个十次入选NBA全明星的球员”,testimonies意为“证据”。
8.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Secret of Great Talents
B.Born to Stand Out
C.A Surprising Discovery
D.Start When Young
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。结合第一段中的“It was an ability now we know as ‘perfect pitch’,and it seemed to be an example of the mysterious gifts that young geniuses had been born with.But is that really so ”和最后一段中的“Deliberate practice is the gold standard for anyone in any field who wishes to build new skills and abilities.”可知,各个领域的专家似乎具有某种与生俱来的神秘能力,但作者通过研究发现,这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,刻意练习是任何人在任何领域希望建立新的技能和能力的黄金标准,A项“伟大天赋的秘诀”为最佳标题。
Passage 3
主题:研究新发现　词数:340　难度:★★★☆☆
Do you want to ensure your child hits their expected developmental milestones New UBC research suggests living in areas with high exposure to green space can help set them up for success.
For the study,the researchers at UBC analyzed the developmental scores of 27,372 children in Metro Vancouver who attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amount of green space around each child’s residence from birth to age five.They also assessed levels of traffic-related air pollution and community noise.
The results highlight the fundamental importance of natural green spaces like street trees,parks and community gardens.“Most of the children were doing well in their development,in terms of language skills,cognitive (认知的) capacity,socialization and other outcomes,” says Ingrid Jarvis,a PhD candidate in the department of forest and conservation sciences at UBC.“But what’s interesting is that those children living in a residential location with more vegetation and richer natural environments showed better overall development than their peers with less green space.”
According to the researchers,the reason for this is partly green spaces’ ability to reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise-environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely(不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress,sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage.“Few studies have investigated this pathway linking green space and developmental outcomes among children,” adds Jarvis.
The researchers assessed early childhood development using the Early Development Instrument (EDI),a survey completed by kindergarten teachers for each child.The tool measures a child’s ability to meet age-appropriate developmental expectations.
“More research is needed,but our findings suggest that urban planning efforts to increase green space in residential neighbourhoods and around schools are beneficial for early childhood development,with potential health benefits throughout life,” says the study’s senior author Matilda Bosch.“Time in nature can benefit everyone,but if we want our children to have a good head start,it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。加拿大一所大学研究所开展的一项研究表明,居住地环境的绿地面积对孩子们的学业水平以及未来事业成功都起到了重要的作用,并且会影响他们的一生。
9.Which is a key factor in the researchers’ study
A.The kids’ scores from school exams.
B.The average IQ score of the subjects.
C.The green space where the kids lived.
D.The air pollution level of the whole city.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,研究人员分析的关键数据之一就是这些孩子们居住地的绿地面积。故选C项。
10.What’s the message implied in paragraph 4
A.Air pollution is largely to blame for kids’ failures.
B.Kids living in a noisy area tend to feel more stressed.
C.Pollution harms kids’ nervous system more than noise.
D.Greenspace is directly linked to kids’ mental development.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段可知,居住地的噪声会加大孩子们的心理压力。故选B项。
11.What does Matilda Bosch stress in the last paragraph
A.The importance of nature in kids’ growth.
B.The role of research in scientific work.
C.The proper way of giving a good start to kids.
D.The urgency of expanding greenspace in cities.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Time in nature can benefit everyone,but if we want our children to have a good head start,it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.”可知,Matilda Bosch强调了大自然在孩子们的健康成长中所起到的重要作用。
12.What could be a suitable title for the text
A.What Are the Health Effects of Noise Pollution
B.Green Spaces:A Guarantee for Kids’ Future Success
C.Urban Green Space and Its Impact on Human Health
D.Time in Nature Aids Early Childhood Development
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲加拿大一所大学研究所开展的一项研究表明,居住地环境的绿地面积对孩子们的学业水平以及未来事业成功都起到了重要的作用,并且会影响他们的一生。D项“大自然中的时间有助于儿童早期发展”符合题意。
1考点分类练(四)　推理判断题(2)
Passage 1 (2025石家庄第三中学高三四模)
主题:意外的喜悦　词数:307
难度:★★★☆☆
Last Sunday afternoon,overcome by a sense of boredom,I instantly got out of bed,went out and headed towards the newly launched Purrfect Moments pet café.Upon entering,I was immediately enveloped in an atmosphere of warmth and endearing charm.Soft meows filled the air,and dozens of fluffy cats roamed freely around the cozy space,playing with toys or napping on cushioned shelves.
After ordering a steaming cup of coffee,I settled into a seat by the sunlit window.Almost instantly,a small,snow-white cat with striking blue eyes seemed to be drawn to me.With effortless grace,it leaped onto the table,sniffed my coffee curiously,and then settled down on my lap,its contented purring vibrating tenderly against me.I couldn’t help but start gently stroking its soft fur,a faint smile tugging at my lips.
While enjoying the cat’s company,I struck up a spirited conversation with another customer,Lily.She told me that she frequented the café every weekend to unwind and that she had cultivated numerous friendships here,both human and feline (猫科的).We exchanged anecdotes about our most amusing pet-related mischief (恶作剧),our laughter blending harmoniously with the café’s quiet and peaceful background.
Before I left,the café owner,Mrs.Thompson,presented me with a tiny handcrafted keychain with a delicate feline pattern.“Thank you for bringing so much joy to our furry friends today,” she said with a genuine smile.Stepping back into the bustling streets,I was struck by a profound realization—this impromptu(即兴的) visit had transformed my dull day into an unforgettable and soul-nourishing episode.It was not only about the cats that had delighted me;it was about the unexpected connections and understated yet sheer pleasures that life,in its unpredictability,could offer.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了上周日下午,作者因无聊去新开的宠物咖啡馆,与猫咪互动、和顾客交谈,获赠钥匙链,感悟到生活中意外的连结与纯粹的快乐。
1.Why did the author go to the Purrfect Moments pet café
A.Because she had an appointment with Lily.
B.Because she wanted to adopt a pet.
C.Because she felt bored at home.
D.Because she was stressed with housework.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Last Sunday afternoon,overcome by a sense of boredom,I instantly got out of bed,went out and headed towards the newly launched Purrfect Moments pet café.”可知,作者去Purrfect Moments宠物咖啡馆是因为她觉得在家很无聊。故选C项。
2.What happened during the author’s visit to the café
A.She napped on cushioned shelves.
B.A soft-furred cat stayed on her lap.
C.Lily came to avoid the outdoor wind.
D.The café owner gifted her a café chain.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“With effortless grace,it leaped onto the table,sniffed my coffee curiously,and then settled down on my lap,its contented purring vibrating tenderly against me.”可知,作者在那家咖啡馆时,一只毛茸茸的猫咪趴在了她的腿上。故选B项。
3.What can we infer about the café from the third paragraph
A.It is a wonderful place for coffee-lovers to gather.
B.It organizes regular activities for customers.
C.It helps people build various types of relationships.
D.It is a top choice to escape from everyday work.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“She told me that she frequented the café every weekend to unwind and that she had cultivated numerous friendships here,both human and feline.”可知,这家咖啡馆有助于人们建立各种各样的关系。故选C项。
4.What is a suitable title for the text
A.My Passion for Lovely Cats
B.The Popularity of Pet Cafés in the City
C.Observing Feline Friends in a Pet Café
D.Unexpected Joy at Purrfect Moments
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Stepping back into the bustling streets,I was struck by a profound realization—this impromptu visit had transformed my dull day into an unforgettable and soul-nourishing episode.It was not only about the cats that had delighted me;it was about the unexpected connections and understated yet sheer pleasures that life,in its unpredictability,could offer.”,并结合文章讲述了上周日下午,作者因无聊去新开的Purrfect Moments宠物咖啡馆,与猫咪互动、和顾客交谈,获赠钥匙链,感悟到生活中意外的连结与纯粹的快乐可知,D选项“在‘Purrfect Moments’所获得的意外的喜悦”适合作文章标题。故选D项。
Passage 2 (2025江西九江二模)
主题:研究发现　词数:332　难度:★★★★☆
When a scent moved gently through the air in the bedrooms of older adults for two hours every night for just six months,their memories skyrocketed.Participants in this study by UCI (University of California,Irvine) Centre reaped a 226% increase in cognitive(认知的) capacity compared to the control group.The researchers say the finding transforms the long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy,non-invasive(无创的) technique for strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia.The team’s study appears in Frontiers in Neuroscience.
The study was conducted through the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory.It involved men and women aged 60 to 85 without memory disorders.They were each given a diffuser (扩散器) and seven small bottles,each containing a single and different natural oil.People in the enriched group received full-strength bottles.Control group participants were given the oils in tiny amounts.Participants put a different bottle into their diffuser each evening prior to going to bed,and it remained active for two hours as they slept.
People in the enriched group showed a 226% increase in cognitive performance compared to the control group,as measured by a word list test commonly used to evaluate memory.CT imaging revealed better integrity brain pathway.The pathway affects decision-making ability and usually becomes less powerful with age.Participants also reported sleeping more soundly.
Scientists have long known that the loss of olfactory capacity,or ability to smell,can predict development of nearly 70 different kinds of diseases including Alzheimer’s and other dementia.Researchers have previously found that exposing people with moderate dementia to up to 40 different scents twice a day over a period of time boosted their memories and language skills,alleviated depression and improved their olfactory capacities.Later,the UCI team decided to try making this technique easier for older adults.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州大学尔湾分校神经科学家进行了一项为期六个月的研究,研究发现,老年人的卧室里每晚持续两个小时的香味,会使老人的记忆激增。
5.What does the underlined word “skyrocketed” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Dramatically declined.
B.Slightly improved.
C.Severely weakened.
D.Significantly increased.
答案 D
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Participants in this study by UCI (University of California,Irvine) Centre reaped a 226% increase in cognitive capacity...strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia.”可知,香味可以极大地提高老年人的记忆力,因此推断画线词与D项“显著提高”意思相近。故选D项。
6.What do we know about the experiment described in paragraph 2
A.All of the bottles contain the identical natural oil.
B.The given oil amount varies from group to group.
C.Each participant is distributed eight oil-filled bottles.
D.No requirement is for participants except age and sex.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知,给的精油量因组而异。故选B项。
7.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage
A.To report a study on scent exposure boosting memory.
B.To show a method to predict development of diseases.
C.To reveal the relationship between smell and memory.
D.To draw public attention to memory loss in older adults.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“The researchers say the finding transforms the long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy,non-invasive technique for strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia.The team’s study appears in Frontiers in Neuroscience.”以及下文内容可知,文章主要介绍了加州大学尔湾分校神经科学家进行了一项为期六个月的研究,研究发现,老年人的卧室里每晚持续两个小时的香味,会使老人的记忆激增。作者的写作目的是报告一项关于接触气味会促进记忆的研究。故选A项。
8.What will the follow-up paragraph most probably talk about
A.The approach to enhancing language skills.
B.The reason behind simplifying the technique.
C.The possibility of relieving severe depression.
D.The solution to recovering olfactory capacities.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Researchers have previously found that exposing people with moderate dementia to up to 40 different scents...easier for older adults.”可知,接下来团队决定尝试简化这项技术,让老年人更容易使用这项技术,提高他们的记忆力和语言技能,减轻抑郁,提高嗅觉能力。故选B项。
Passage 3
主题:研究发现　词数:342　难度:★★★★★
When American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in 1972,he referred to his subjects—a Ugandan group called the Ik—as “the loveless people”.After two years of observations,he decided that they reflected humanity’s basic instincts(本能):cheat,thievery,and pitilessness.But when Athena Aktipis and her colleagues from the Human Generosity Project took a deeper look,they identified a community that shared everything.“Turnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrous famine(饥荒).All he saw is what happens when people are starving,” says Aktipis.But her team revealed that despite living under pressure,the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.
Aktipis believes that altruism is more common and beneficial than evolutionary social science has long thought.“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives,”she says.By studying the unique,selfless practices that helped nine communities across the world to continue to exist,the experts from the Project are looking to show that we are indeed capable of widespread cooperation.
The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the project’s main points.They rely on two-way friendships for resources like food or water when they’re in need,without expecting any repayment.Also,a world away,in New Mexico,while folks often help transport cattle and receive support in return,they will assist without repayment if someone faces difficulties,such as an injury or the death of a loved one.
Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to any interdependent systems.Her big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone.Take market-based insurance in the United States as an example:It’s priced based on individual risk factors such as health histories and where people live,which means millions of Americans can’t afford it.But in a system built on neighboring,pooled costs(合并成本) would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Athena Aktipis通过研究一个被称作Ik人的乌干达群体发现,他们非常重视互相帮助,Aktipis认为利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益,可以通过合作建立一个对抗集体困难的制度。
9.What did Turnbull think of the Ik people
A.Heartless. B.Helpful.
C.Restless. D.Generous.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“When American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in 1972,he referred to his subjects—a Ugandan group called the Ik—as ‘the loveless people’.”可知,Turnbull认为Ik人很无情,故选A项。
10.What does the underlined word “altruism” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Trying to be strong and tough to survive.
B.Making full use of the surrounding resources.
C.Being devoted to themselves or their relatives.
D.Caring about the needs and happiness of others.
答案 D
解析 词句猜测题。根据第一段末句“But her team revealed that despite living under pressure,the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.”及画线词下文“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives”可知,Ik人会互相帮助,故画线词所在句意为“Aktipis认为,利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益”,altruism意为“利他主义”。
11.What does paragraph 3 intend to convey
A.Friendships guarantee a well-being life.
B.Folks assist each other to get support.
C.Cooperation is a good and natural instinct.
D.People tend to provide resources for free.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,本段旨在通过两个例子表明,合作是一种良好而自然的本能。
12.How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings
A.By designing a policy for public health.
B.By monitoring individual health histories.
C.By creating a system against collective hardship.
D.By lowering insurance prices for individual victims.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to any interdependent systems.Her big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone.”以及“But in a system built on neighboring,pooled costs would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters.”可知,Aktipis打算通过建立一个对抗集体困难的制度来应用她的发现。
1文体分类练(四)　说明文之研究报告/书评类
Passage 1
主题:利用藻类除碳　词数:335　难度:★★★☆☆
Nobody knows yet what the best way of removing all that carbon will be,but scientists around the world are developing a new method.The Swiss company Climeworks is building big extractor(抽油烟机) fans to remove carbon.
But other scientists are looking to nature’s carbon cycle for inspiration.They’re looking for ways to improve it,speed it up and help it take more carbon out of the air permanently.
One of those scientists is Professor Luke Mackinder,a plant biologist at the University of York.His research into carbon removal is inspired by ocean algae(海藻).“About half of carbon absorption takes place in the ocean,” he says.“Algae are extremely efficient at absorbing it.”
In order to do this,his team has studied the genetic code(基因密码) of algae to work out which genes play a vital role in carbon absorption.He believes they have now figured this out.“Now we have a list and we can start thinking about how to bring them together in different living things,” he says.“We place the genes into those of other plants.It’s genetic modification.”
Mackinder anticipates adding them to a range of crops and trees.The resulting increased production could be good for food security.Alternatively,they could help to enhance the influence of climate change.It all depends on what we do with the carbon once it’s trapped in those plants.Eating them would quickly return it to the atmosphere.But if instead we find ways to store it,we could keep it out of the atmosphere for good.
Dave Hillyard,chief administrator of the Carbon Technology Research Foundation that is funding Mackinder’s research,says that it is important to fund work on a wide range of carbon removal methods,because “some will not get the results they’re looking for and some will succeed.There are a lot of opportunities here but very little funding and research going into it.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于利用藻类除碳的研究。
1.What is discussed in the first paragraph
A.An approach to carbon removal.
B.A way to improve big extractor fans.
C.A means of joining a company.
D.A method of doing scientific research.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容可知,第一段讨论了一种去除碳的方法。故选A项。
2.Why does Professor Luke Mackinder focus on ocean algae
A.It is secure.　　　　 B.It is effective.
C.It is sufficient. D.It is accessible.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Algae are extremely efficient at absorbing it.”可知,卢克·麦金德教授关注海洋藻类是因为它是有效的。故选B项。
3.What can we know about the genes of algae from the fourth paragraph
A.They bring about great side effects.
B.They are useless for carbon absorption.
C.They help increase food production.
D.They have been put into other plants.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“We place the genes into those of other plants.It’s genetic modification.”可知,藻类的基因被植入到其他植物中。故选D项。
4.What is required according to Dave Hillyard
A.The government’s permission.
B.More scientists’ participation.
C.Increasing experimental chances.
D.The input into the research.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“There are a lot of opportunities here but very little funding and research going into it.”可知,根据Dave Hillyard的说法,对研究的投入是需要的。故选D项。
Passage 2
主题:机器学习研究　词数:367
难度:★★★☆☆
Our species’ incredible capacity to quickly acquire words from 300 by age 2 to over 1,000 by age 4 isn’t fully understood.Some cognitive scientists and linguists have theorized that people are born with built-in expectations and logical constraints (约束) that make this possible.Now,however,machine-learning research is showing that preprogrammed assumptions aren’t necessary to swiftly pick up word meanings from minimal data.
A team of scientists has successfully trained a basic artificial intelligence model to match images to words using just 61 hours of naturalistic footage (镜头) and sound—previously collected from a child named Sam in 2013 and 2014.Although it’s a small slice of a child’s life,it was apparently enough to prompt the AI to figure out what certain words mean.
The findings suggest that language acquisition could be simpler than previously thought.Maybe children “don’t need a custom-built,high-class language-specific mechanism” to efficiently grasp word meanings,says Jessica Sullivan,an associate professor of psychology at Skidmore College.“This is a really beautiful study,” she says,“because it offers evidence that simple information from a child’s worldview is rich enough to kick-start pattern recognition and word comprehension.”
The new study also demonstrates that it’s possible for machines to learn similarly to the way that humans do.Large language models are trained on enormous amounts of data that can include billions and sometimes trillions of word combinations.Humans get by on orders of magnitude less information,says the paper’s lead author Wai Keen Vong.With the right type of data,that gap between machine and human learning could narrow dramatically.
Yet additional study is necessary in certain aspects of the new research.For one,the scientists acknowledge that their findings don’t prove how children acquire words.Moreover,the study only focused on recognizing the words for physical objects.
Still,it’s a step toward a deeper understanding of our own mind,which can ultimately help us improve human education,says Eva Portelance,a computational linguistics researcher.She notes that AI research can also bring clarity to long-unanswered questions about ourselves.“We can use these models in a good way,to benefit science and society,” Portelance adds.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在机器学习研究表明,要从最少的数据中快速获取单词的含义并不需要预先编程的假设。
5.What is a significant finding of machine-learning research
A.Vocabulary increases gradually with age.
B.Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data.
C.Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations.
D.Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Now,however,machine-learning research is showing that preprogrammed assumptions aren’t necessary to swiftly pick up word meanings from minimal data.”可知,机器学习研究的一个重要发现是词汇可以从最小的数据中获得。
6.What does the underlined word “prompt” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Facilitate.　　 B.Persuade.
C.Advise. D.Expect.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据上文“A team of scientists has successfully trained a basic artificial intelligence model to match images to words using just 61 hours of naturalistic footage and sound—previously collected from a child named Sam in 2013 and 2014.”可知,虽然只是孩子生活中的一小部分,但显然足以促使人工智能弄清楚某些单词的意思。prompt意为“促使”。
7.What is discussed about the new research in paragraph 5
A.Its limitations. B.Its strengths.
C.Its uniqueness. D.Its process.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段内容可知,第五段主要讲述了这项新研究的局限性。
8.What is Eva Portelance’s attitude to the AI research
A.Doubtful. B.Cautious.
C.Dismissive. D.Positive.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“She notes that AI research can also bring clarity to long-unanswered questions about ourselves.‘We can use these models in a good way,to benefit science and society,’Portelance adds.”可推知,Eva Portelance对人工智能研究的态度是积极的。
Passage 3
主题:手势对听众的影响　词数:330
难度:★★★☆☆
Politicians,business bosses,and other types of leaders indeed tend to like speaking with their hands,but does the habit influence how others interpret those words To get to the bottom of it,a team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics conducted a series of experiments on volunteers who viewed videos of people speaking with and without hand movements.
After showing the volunteers videos of people speaking under different conditions,the researchers asked them questions about what they had heard.Some conditions involved the speaker stressing different parts of words in a sentence.Other conditions involved the speaker making various types of hand gestures,such as pointing and sweeping movements.The team recorded the volunteers as they viewed the video recordings,questioning the volunteers afterward about what they had seen and heard.
Researchers found that the volunteers were more affected by syllables(音节) spoken with the conjunction of hand gestures:In 20 percent of the cases,the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture.Interestingly,however,volunteers were 40 percent more likely to hear the wrong sound when a mismatch between the word spoken and the hand gesture occurred.
Body language expert Carol Goman said,“Studies have found that speaking with your hands really can change the view of your character.People who communicate through active gesturing tend to be considered warm,agreeable,and energetic,while those who remain still are seen as logical,cold,and analytic.In fact,a 2015 study that studied TED Talks,which posts international talks online,found that the most popular speakers used nearly twice as many gestures as the least popular speakers used.”
The research team said that their findings suggest that hand gestures are an important part of in-person communication that have a direct impact on what the listener hears.Furthermore,they suggest that our responses to hand gestures may be something we learn as we grow up.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现,在谈话中使用或不使用手势会对听众产生很大影响。
9.What’s the researchers’ purpose of doing the experiments
A.To examine the volunteers’ interpreting skills.
B.To test the effect hand gestures have on speaking.
C.To record the volunteers’ questions for the speaker.
D.To confirm the influence hand movements have on leaders.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,研究人员做实验的目的是测试手势对说话的影响。
10.What did the researchers find in the experiments
A.Hand movements affected what the listener heard.
B.The speaker stressed different parts of words in a sentence.
C.People speaking with different hand gestures had different effects.
D.The most popular speakers used more gestures than the least popular speakers did.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 20 percent of the cases,the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture.Interestingly,however,volunteers were 40 percent more likely to hear the wrong sound when a mismatch between the word spoken and the hand gesture occurred.”可知,研究人员在实验中发现手的动作会影响听者听到的内容。
11.What does the underlined word “conjunction” mean in paragraph 3
A.Assistance. B.Combination.
C.Disturbance. D.Interpretation.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“In 20 percent of the cases,the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture.”可推知,此处是指志愿者更容易受到与手势相结合的音节的影响,所以conjunction意为“结合”。
12.What may the researchers agree with
A.Gestures can influence others’ view on one’s personality.
B.Understanding gestures is a must in every language.
C.In-person communication helps interpret gestures.
D.Responses to gestures are learning behavior.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Furthermore,they suggest that our responses to hand gestures may be something we learn as we grow up.”可推知,研究人员可能认同“对手势的反应是一种学习行为”的观点。
1考点分类练(五)　推理判断题(3)
Passage 1 (2025湘潭第四中学高三适应性检测)
主题:目标脱离　词数:349　难度:★★★☆☆
Many people encourage competition and focus on success.“Giving up” is unacceptable.We are overjoyed at stories of people who persevered and succeeded.Friends and colleagues always encourage you to keep trying.“If at first you don’t succeed,try,try again.” “Follow your dream!Winners never quit!”
Perseverance is indeed important,to a limit.However,never take it too far.For one thing,goals and dreams might be beyond reach.Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be encouraging,but actually they are not very informative, because nobody tells stories about the many people who persevered but failed after wasting a good part of their lives.It is indeed frustrating if you follow an unrealistic dream.For another,every road taken means another road is not taken.An unrealistic goal means missing out on other opportunities.What if everybody with the childhood dream of becoming an astronaut persistently kept trying forever Winners always wisely choose what to quit and what to pursue.
Recent studies have shown that being able to give up some goals and dreams and redirect your energy toward more reasonable ones is important for mental well-being and leads to higher quality of life in the long term.The psychological term is “goal disengagement”.If you are currently devoting too much time and effort to an impossible goal,here are some hints that might help.
First,do not tie a goal to your identity.Nobody can be defined by a single goal or interest.Besides,disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort.It’s called “turning it into a hobby”.Few stamp and coin collectors desire to become professionals,yet many enjoy collecting.Last and most important,do not think of giving up as a failure,but as a choice.Your time is limited.Try new activities,rediscover previous interests,and revise your ambitions.Be honest with yourself about your chances,and choose the goals that best suit you.And remember that,when you give up a goal,you do not fail.You make a choice to free up your time for other possibilities.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出坚持虽重要,但不应过度,要懂得放弃不切实际的目标,进行“目标脱离”,并给出了相关建议,强调要明智对待目标。
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “informative”
A.Moving.　　 B.Direct.
C.Instructive. D.Possible.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be encouraging,but actually they are not very informative,because nobody tells stories about the many people who persevered but failed after wasting a good part of their lives.”中的“but”和“because nobody tells stories about the many people who persevered but failed after wasting a good part of their lives”可知,前后文之间是转折关系,这些故事虽鼓舞人心,但没有提及失败的情况,所以它们没有教育性。informative的意思是“有指导意义的”,与C项“Instructive”同义。故选C项。
2.How can people benefit from “goal disengagement”
A.By gaining a sense of self-satisfaction.
B.By motivating their desire for success.
C.By saving energy to focus on practical goals.
D.By telling easy goals from difficult goals.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Recent studies have shown that being able to give up some goals and dreams and redirect your energy toward more reasonable ones is important for mental well-being and leads to higher quality of life in the long term.The psychological term is ‘goal disengagement’.”可知,人们可以通过“目标脱离”节省精力,关注实际的目标。故选C项。
3.Which of the following may the author agree with
A.Letting go of an unrealistic goal is failure.
B.One can make a hobby out of an unreachable goal.
C.Turn to professionals for help when realizing personal goals.
D.Choosing a goal is more challenging than realizing it.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Besides,disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort.It’s called ‘turning it into a hobby’.Few stamp and coin collectors desire to become professionals,yet many enjoy collecting.”可知,作者认为可以把一个无法实现的目标变成一种爱好。故选B项。
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Identity Crisis:Be True to Yourself
B.Goals or Hobbies:Make Your Choice
C.Never Say Never:The Key to Success
D.Winners Do Quit:Be Wise About Your Goals
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,结合第二段中“Perseverance is indeed important,to a limit.However,never take it too far.”以及第四段中“Be honest with yourself about your chances,and choose the goals that best suit you.And remember that,when you give up a goal,you do not fail.You make a choice to free up your time for other possibilities.”可知,文章强调要明智对待目标,懂得放弃不切实际的目标。D项“Winners Do Quit:Be Wise About Your Goals”能概括文章主旨。故选D项。
Passage 2
主题:完美主义　词数:351　难度:★★★☆☆
“So,Mr.Albert,you’ve told us about your strengths but what about your weaknesses ” It’s a common interview question.To which a classic humblebrag (谦虚自夸) reply is,“Well,I must admit that I’m a bit of a perfectionist.” After all,what company wouldn’t want to employ somebody who seeks perfection But it turns out that there is a profound difference between high-achievers and perfectionists.In a cruel irony,the perfectionist traits could actually prevent someone from achieving their full potential.
The roots of perfectionism actually lie in a deep desire to feel perfect.Most often a perfectionist personality is formed in reaction to some form of childhood trauma.For example,following her parents’ divorce,a young girl might strive to always be good,to always be perfect because at some level she believes that it must have been her fault that her parents separated.So as long as she is perfect,nothing so terrible would happen again.
Given such origins,it appears that the thinking and emotional styles associated with perfectionism are particularly dangerous to mental health.Think of the harshest and merciless perfectionists you know.They always,always,always find fault.Their cognitive(认知) styles include all-or-nothing thinking,where only perfection is seen as an acceptable result;fear of failure,where a perfectionist is driven by fear rather than pulled by the prospect of success in their endeavors;defensiveness in the face of constructive criticism.All of these seem to be linked to a wide range of psychological problems including eating disorders,anxiety and depression,and even suicide.
Changing this mindset is the key to treating the condition when it becomes a disorder but it is difficult to achieve.Perfectionists are essentially in an abusive relationship with themselves.It’s hard enough to withdraw from abusive relationships with others.How much harder is it when you yourself are the abuser So perhaps a better answer to the interview question posed at the start of this article would be,“I used to be a perfectionist but now I’m well on the road to recovery.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了完美主义的特质实际上可能会阻碍一个人充分发挥自己的潜力,解释了完美主义产生的原因以及对心理造成的危险。
5.Why does the author mention the interview question in paragraph 1
A.To provide an example.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To support the argument.
D.To attract readers’ interest.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“After all,what company wouldn’t want to employ somebody who seeks perfection But it turns out that there is a profound difference between high-achievers and perfectionists.In a cruel irony,the perfectionist traits could actually prevent someone from achieving their full potential.”可知,作者在第一段提到了面试问题是为了引入话题。
6.Who will most probably become a perfectionist
A.A high-achiever.
B.A person who always finds fault.
C.An overconfident man.
D.A son of a violent alcoholic father.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most often a perfectionist personality is formed in reaction to some form of childhood trauma...nothing so terrible would happen again.”可知,完美主义常形成于童年创伤,因此暴力酗酒父亲的儿子最有可能成为完美主义者。故选D项。
7.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.Perfectionism often has three different types.
B.Perfectionism has a bad effect on physical health.
C.Perfectionism is caused by high personal standard.
D.Perfectionism is a risk factor for psychological disorders.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,第三段主要讲了完美主义是心理障碍的危险因素。
8.What does the author think of perfectionism
A.It’s hard for people to get rid of it.
B.It drives people to achieve success.
C.It’s more of a strength than a weakness.
D.It inevitably leads to mental problems.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Changing this mindset is the key to treating the condition when it becomes a disorder but it is difficult to achieve.”可知,作者认为人们很难摆脱完美主义。故选A项。
Passage 3
主题:原谅　词数:340　难度:★★★★☆　
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question,we need to ask a further question:What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity,people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness,Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature,much to their harm.In his opinion,forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others,who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation,mutual respect,and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love,our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example,how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans,forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies,is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note,when we take a Classical philosophical perspective,that of Aristotle,we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive,but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving,its actual appropriation in conflict situations,develops with practice.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证,通过对比不同的人类本性观点,分析了“原谅”在个体和社区中的作用和意义。
9.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A.People should offer mercy to others.
B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness...who might then take advantage of them.”可知,Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性,对他们造成了很大的伤害,他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时,也在损害自己的幸福。
10.What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A.To forgive is to love.
B.To dominate is to harm.
C.To fight is to grow.
D.To give is to receive.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from...does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知,没有爱,我们与他人的联系就会破裂,控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动;奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度,它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“For example,how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony ”以奴隶社会举例,以反问的方式来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福,即控制就是伤害。
11.What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness
A.Favorable. B.Reserved.
C.Objective. D.Skeptical.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段内容可知,作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中起关键作用,指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐,并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系,让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对原谅持支持的态度。
12.What is the message of the last paragraph
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.It takes practice to forgive.
D.Actuality is based on potentiality.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段内容可知,最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点,指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力,而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此,原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为,而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。
1考点分类练(二)　细节理解题(2)
Passage 1
主题:洛杉矶的自行车商店　词数:313
难度:★★★☆☆
Los Angeles is home to a popular cycling culture.The following bike shops will help you see the city in a whole new light.
Los Angeles Bike Academy
Los Angeles Bike Academy is a bike shop with a critical mission:Provide resources and community for local underserved youth.Its initiative is its Earn-a-Bike program,where students spend time in the shop learning the basics of bike maintenance and running a store,and they graduate with their own bike.LABA also forms competitive cycling teams that race all around the country.
The Cub House
It’s a bike shop,a plant store and a nice place to wander through.It has something for everyone.Here you can play a game of ping-pong on the outdoor table,head into the mini greenhouse for a delicate plant,or just admire the vintage(老式的) cycling clothes hung on the walls.Finally,make sure to swing by the Cub House for the L.A.Invitational,a weekend party featuring multiple bike rides and a vintage car and bike show outside the store.
Frank’s
Some of the wildest bikes in L.A.are rolling out of Frank’s.The house specialty here is BMX,specifically luxury models with large 29-inch wheels.These bikes are as much fun to look at as they are to ride.Since 1992,Frank’s has found a business opportunity for itself as a destination for BMX builds and hard-to-find parts.The display counter has enough attractions to match a jewelry store.
The Bicycle Stand
This spacious store features classic vintage bikes.It’s worth making a trip to this store just to see their amazing collection.The store also specializes in vintage bike repainting and restorations.Besides,the Bicycle Stand team works on all kinds of rides,and the shop has a variety of refurbished (翻新的),ready-to-ride bikes for sale.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了洛杉矶的几家自行车商店。
1.What is special about Los Angeles Bike Academy
A.It aims at repairing local bikes.
B.It holds national cycling competitions.
C.It serves as a community for disabled youth.
D.It offers a program for students to earn a bike.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据Los Angeles Bike Academy部分的“Its initiative is its Earn-a-Bike program,where students spend time in the shop learning the basics of bike maintenance and running a store,and they graduate with their own bike.”可知,Los Angeles Bike Academy为学生提供了一个赚自行车的项目。
2.Which bike shop favors ping-pong lovers
A.Los Angeles Bike Academy.
B.The Cub House.
C.Frank’s.
D.The Bicycle Stand.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据The Cub House部分的“Here you can play a game of ping-pong on the outdoor table,head into the mini greenhouse for a delicate plant,or just admire the vintage cycling clothes hung on the walls.”可知,可以在The Cub House自行车店打乒乓球。
3.What is the purpose of the text
A.To discuss benefits of riding.
B.To explain how bike shops work.
C.To promote bike shops in L.A.
D.To introduce a riding organization.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了洛杉矶的几家自行车商店,由此可推知,文章的写作目的是推广洛杉矶的自行车商店。
Passage 2 (2025南京实验中学高三模拟)
主题:环境教育　词数:305　难度:★★★☆☆
I was an environmental educator,tasked with building up nature consciousness in young minds.My boss gave me standards for my nature hikes:“Educate students about river pollution”,“Inform students of regional endangered species”,or “Equip students to understand recycling”. While I did my best to engage with my tag-alongs,and give them an outdoor adventure,I noticed a disturbing tendency—when the kids talked about their own relationships with nature,they were full of guilt and fear.
Through the continuous stream of information now available in the modern age,the kids’ young minds were filled with the knowledge of deforestation,forest fires,extinct species, polluted waterways,and celebrities telling them to “do better”.Well-meaning but heavy-handed programs laid these big,scary problems at their feet,and then offered little help to tiny hands.After participating in classes like this for years,I can confidently report that the result of such teaching was often little more than helplessness,and continued disconnection from nature.
Rather than scaring kids,we need to use fun,adventure,discovery,and locally connected efforts to truly educate children about their world.I’d like to advocate different approaches:Making creative art projects with things that can be found in nature or in daily life to show them the importance of conserving resources:creating a model ocean to teach them about ocean oil leakage and pollution,gardening with them and teaching them about how plants grow so as to give them experience in taking care of nature,taking them to a zoo,farm,beach,or forest to see different types of animals.
While it’s of great importance that we should all collectively help raise today’s children to be tomorrow’s environmental advocates,what deserves more attention is how to raise an environmentally conscious child to care about the environment without guilt or fear.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要指出了对孩子们进行环保教育的误区及改进的方式。
4.What does the underlined word “tag-alongs” in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Hikes.　　　　 B.Surveys.
C.Students. D.Colleagues.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中画线词上文“My boss gave me standards for my nature hikes:‘Educate students about river pollution’,‘Inform students of regional endangered species’,or ‘Equip students to understand recycling’.”并结合画线词可知,“我”是一名环境教育工作者,负责向年轻人灌输自然意识,所以是“我”尽力与“学生”互动,并给他们一次户外冒险的机会。故画线词的意思是“学生”。故选C项。
5.Why did kids feel guilty and fearful
A.They lacked knowledge of climate change.
B.Regional species were endangered or dangerous.
C.Real information on the environment was inaccessible.
D.They were burdened with enormous negative environmental issues.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Through the continuous stream of information now available in the modern age,the kids’ young minds were filled with the knowledge of deforestation,forest fires,extinct species,polluted waterways,and celebrities telling them to ‘do better’”.可知,孩子们会感到内疚和恐惧是因为他们被巨大的负面生态问题所困扰。故选D项。
6.What is the author’s attitude towards the present environmental education
A.Ambiguous. B.Indifferent.
C.Favorable. D.Critical.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“After participating in classes like this for years,I can confidently report that the result of such teaching was often little more than helplessness,and continued disconnection from nature.”可知,作者对现有的环保教育持批评态度。故选D项。
7.Which of the following approaches might be advocated by the author
A.Making crafts out of empty tissue boxes.
B.Reading the books about resource recycling.
C.Lecturing students on oil leakage and ocean pollution.
D.Watching videos about plant growing in the classroom.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“I’d like to advocate different approaches:Making creative art projects with things that can be found in nature or in daily life to show them the importance of conserving resources:creating a model ocean to teach them about ocean oil leakage and pollution,gardening with them and teaching them about how plants grow so as to give them experience in taking care of nature,taking them to a zoo,farm,beach,or forest to see different types of animals.”可知,选项A中的“用空纸巾盒制作工艺品”符合这一描述,是作者提倡的方法。故选A项。
Passage 3
主题:接受焦虑　词数:341　难度:★★★★★
“Anxiety.” The very word invites discomfort.Its effects—shortness of breath,pounding heart,muscle tension—are outright upsetting.But,as a clinician,I find that we tend to miss out on many valuable opportunities presented by this human emotion.In and of itself,anxiety is not deadly,nor is it a disease.Quite the contrary:it is an indicator of brain and sensory health.Once we accept that it is a normal,though uncomfortable,part of life,we can use it to help us.
We all know working out at the gym is hard.By nature,a “good workout” is uncomfortable,since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do.The sweet spot of exercise is always a somewhat challenging experience.Similarly,if you want to be emotionally stronger,you need to face some tension.For example,one effective treatment for fear is exposure therapy(疗法),which involves gradually encountering things that make one anxious,reducing fear over time.
Humans are social creatures.When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxieties,they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness.Also,as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches,when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g.,“I’m having a hard time right now and could really use your support”),it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love.
From time to time,we find ourselves at the end of our rope.Our responsibilities pile up,our resources break down,and we feel uncomfortably anxious—what we’re experiencing is called stress.Simply put,the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources,just like a set of scales(天平) going out of balance.Focusing on work and pretending everything is OK only leads to disastrous results.Medical treatment for stress may function for a while,but it tends to make things worse in the long run.The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了焦虑虽然令人不舒服,但接受它对我们有帮助。
8.What does the author say about anxiety
A.It is an invitation to diseases.
B.It indicates stable mental health.
C.It costs us many valuable chances.
D.It is a natural emotional expression.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Quite the contrary:it is an indicator of brain and sensory health.Once we accept that it is a normal,though uncomfortable,part of life,we can use it to help us.”可知,焦虑是一种正常的情感表露。
9.Why does the author mention “good workout” in paragraph 2
A.To prove how exercise influences emotions.
B.To suggest an effective way to challenge limits.
C.To explain how anxiety builds emotional strength.
D.To show a positive connection between mind and body.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“By nature,a ‘good workout’ is uncomfortable,since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do.”和“Similarly,if you want to be emotionally stronger,you need to face some tension.”可知,好的锻炼需要挑战身体的舒适区,同样,要想在情感上更坚强,有必要面对一些紧张,由此可推测出,提到“好的锻炼”是为了说明焦虑是如何帮助增强情感力量的。
10.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The key to closeness is partners’ support.
B.Sharing anxieties improves relationships.
C.Humans are defined by their social nature.
D.Expressing feelings keeps us off anxieties.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可推出,本段主要讲述了分享焦虑有助于改善人际关系。
11.According to the last paragraph,how can we deal with stress
A.Devote more energy to our work.
B.Increase resources available to us.
C.Seek professional medical treatment.
D.Master advanced mathematical skills.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Simply put,the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources,just like a set of scales going out of balance.”和“The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.”可知,对我们的要求超过了我们现有的资源,所以天平失去了平衡,而唯一的方法是通过数学来平衡天平,由此可推测出,要增加可用的资源,以便达到平衡。
1文体分类练(五)　说明文之新概念类
Passage 1
主题:曝光效应　词数:348　难度:★★★☆☆
Would you rather watch a new movie,or an old favorite Would you rather try a dish you’ve never had at a restaurant,or stick with something you know you’ll like Researchers studying the “mere exposure effect” have found that we often prefer the familiar to the novel.
People didn’t need to experience a reward or positive outcome while around the object—simply being exposed to the object would be enough to make people like it.To test this,social psychologist Robert Zajonc had participants read words in a foreign language out loud and varied how often participants read each word (up to 25 repetitions).Next,after reading the words,participants were asked to guess at the meaning of each word by filling out a rating scale (indicating how positive or negative they thought the meaning of the word was).
He found that participants liked words that they had said more often,while words that participants hadn’t read at all were rated more negatively,and words that had been read 25 times were rated highest.Just the mere exposure to the word was enough to make participants like it more.
One place where the mere exposure effect occurs is in advertising.It explains why seeing the same advertisement multiple times could be more convincing than just seeing it once.Of course,there’s a caution here:the mere exposure effect doesn’t happen for things we initially dislike.Researchers have found that our liking for a variety of things (including pictures,sounds,foods,and smells) can be increased with repeated exposure,suggesting that the mere exposure effect isn’t limited to just one of our senses.Additionally,researchers have found that the mere exposure effect occurs in studies with human research participants as well as in studies with non-human animals.
Another key finding from this analysis was that participants eventually started to like objects less after many repeated exposures.In other words,a smaller number of repeated exposures will make you like something more——but,if the repeated exposures continue,you could eventually get tired of it.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了曝光效应,即一种我们会偏好自己熟悉的事物的心理现象。本文阐述了曝光效应的提出、应用及原理。
1.What is the key factor in Robert Zajonc’s test
A.Frequency.　　 B.Preference.
C.Originality. D.Achievement.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To test this,social psychologist Robert Zajonc had participants read words in a foreign language out loud and varied how often participants read each word (up to 25 repetitions).”可知,Robert Zajonc测试的关键因素是频率。
2.Which of the following is an example of the “mere-exposure effect”
A.We favor an advertisement at the first sight.
B.A student joined in the club because of love.
C.We are more convinced of what we met before.
D.A student read as many English words as possible.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchers studying the ‘mere exposure effect’ have found that we often prefer the familiar to the novel.”可知,C选项“我们更相信以前遇见的”是曝光效应的例子。
3.What can we learn about the “mere exposure effect” according to paragraph 4
A.It is the result of advertising.
B.It has nothing to do with animals.
C.It is true of what we dislike at first.
D.It can be applied to multiple senses.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Researchers have found that our liking for a variety of things (including pictures,sounds,foods,and smells) can be increased with repeated exposure,suggesting that the mere exposure effect isn’t limited to just one of our senses.”可知,“曝光效应”可以应用于多种感官。
4.What is the text mainly about
A.More love because of more exposures.
B.The study on the “mere exposure effect”.
C.Better results from the earlier exposures.
D.The application of the “mere exposure effect”.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。本文介绍了曝光效应,即一种我们会偏好自己熟悉的事物的心理现象。本文阐述了曝光效应的提出、应用及原理。
Passage 2
(2025厦门市第三中学高三9月月考)
主题:团体艺术干预　词数:341　难度:★★★☆☆
A new study led by researchers from Queen Mary University of London reveals that group arts interventions—such as painting,music,or dance—can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety among older adults.The findings offer a convincing case for the benefits of shared creative activities.
Depression and anxiety are silent struggles for millions of older adults worldwide, affecting 7% and 3.8% of those aged 60 and over,respectively.While medications (药物) and talking therapies (疗法) are often the go-to treatments,they aren’t always accessible or suitable for older adults,who may face side effects,high costs,or discomfort in discussing their mental health.
This study shines a light on a promising alternative:the simple,yet deep act of creating art together.Led by Elizabeth Quinn,a PhD candidate in psychology at Queen Mary University of London,the research found that older adults in care homes saw a greater reduction in depression symptoms compared to those living in the community,highlighting the potential of these interventions to support some of the most vulnerable members of society.
What’s more,the benefits were consistent across different types of art—whether it was painting,dancing,or making music—and across diverse populations,suggesting that the magic lies in the shared experience of creating together.
The study also found that the setting mattered.Older adults in care homes,who often face higher levels of loneliness and weakness,experienced the greatest improvements in mental health.This highlights the potential of group arts interventions to reach those who need it most.
“Art interventions are accessible,cost-effective,and enjoyable,” said Dr.Jones,the study’s senior author.“They offer a way to address mental health challenges that doesn’t rely only on medication or traditional therapy.”
The research team hopes their findings will encourage healthcare providers to integrate group arts interventions into mental health care plans for older adults.They also call for further research to explore the long-term benefits of these interventions and their potential applications in other age groups and settings.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦玛丽女王大学研究人员主导的一项新研究,该研究发现团体艺术干预(如绘画、音乐或舞蹈)能显著减轻老年人的抑郁和焦虑症状,并阐述了该干预方式的优势、适用场景及研究团队的期望。
5.What did the research find about the elderly in care homes
A.They experienced more health issues.
B.They preferred medications for treatment.
C.They had a greater reduction in depression.
D.They were less happy than those living outside.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Led by Elizabeth Quinn,a PhD candidate in psychology at Queen Mary University of London,the research found that older adults in care homes saw a greater reduction in depression symptoms compared to those living in the community,highlighting the potential of these interventions to support some of the most vulnerable members of society.”可知,研究发现养老院中的老年人比社区中的老年人抑郁症状减轻得更明显。故选C项。
6.What is crucial to the success of group arts interventions
A.The type of art.
B.The shared experience.
C.The professional guidance.
D.The length of the intervention.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段“What’s more,the benefits were consistent across different types of art—whether it was painting,dancing,or making music—and across diverse populations,suggesting that the magic lies in the shared experience of creating together.”可知,不同艺术类型和不同人群都能从团体艺术干预中获益,这表明其成功的关键在于共同创作的体验。故选B项。
7.What is Dr.Jones’s attitude towards art interventions
A.Supportive. B.Indifferent.
C.Doubtful. D.Critical.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘Art interventions are accessible,cost-effective,and enjoyable,’ said Dr.Jones,the study’s senior author.‘They offer a way to address mental health challenges that doesn’t rely only on medication or traditional therapy.’”可推知,Jones博士对艺术干预持支持态度。故选A项。
8.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Group Arts Interventions:Easing Older Adults’ Depression & Anxiety
B.Loneliness in Care Homes:Impact on Older Adults’ Mental Health
C.Medications & Therapies for Older Adults’ Mental Health
D.Long-Term Art Benefits for All Age Groups
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,结合第一段中“A new study led by researchers from Queen Mary University of London reveals that group arts interventions—such as painting,music,or dance—can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety among older adults.”可知,本文主要介绍了一项新研究,该研究发现团体艺术干预活动,如绘画、音乐或舞蹈等,能显著减轻老年人的抑郁和焦虑症状,A项“Group Arts Interventions:Easing Older Adults’ Depression & Anxiety”准确概括了文章主旨,适宜作标题。故选A项。
Passage 3
主题:宜家效应　词数:321　难度:★★★★★
When instant cake mixes first appeared in the 1950s,American housewives were doubtful.These mixes,promising easy cake-baking,felt too easy.The manufacturers discovered that requiring the addition of an egg in the baking process was just enough to make the housewives happy with their work.The greater sense of effort gained from a little extra labor is believed to have been essential to the later success of the cake mix.
This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效应),which is identified by psychologist Michael I.Norton and his colleagues,suggesting we place greater value on things we have worked to create.They conducted four studies in which they asked participants to fold paper cranes and frogs,assemble IKEA boxes,and build sets of Legos.They then asked the builders to bid(出价) for their creations,and compared the prices with bids from people who hadn’t built them.The builders consistently outbid the non-builders.
Interestingly,the IKEA effect works even when people have no opportunity to fully personalize their creations.While most participants’ folding skills left much to be desired,they loved their imperfectly personalized products all the more.Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creations nearly five times as much as non-builders.Beauty,it seems,is in the eye of the builder.
Today,as cities are suffering from severe housing crises,the IKEA effect can give us insight into the well-being benefits of a self-building approach to housing development.Projects like WikiHouse and the “half-a-house” approach pioneered by Alejandro Aravena’s architecture company Elemental are working to make housing more affordable and sustainable by making it easier for people to build and personalize their own homes.
“The moment people are involved with their built environment,they have a totally different relationship to it,” WikiHouse co-founder Alastair Parvin explained.“When the roof starts leaking or a door starts creaking,they have the power to fix it themselves.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文通过讨论宜家效应以及几个实验研究的结果,论述了人们更加珍视自己亲手创造的东西,并由此引发了对自我建造住房的好处的思考。
9.What brought customers the joy of cake-baking according to paragraph 1
A.A better taste.
B.An easy approach.
C.A detailed recipe.
D.An additional effort.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The manufacturers discovered that requiring the addition of an egg in the baking process was just enough to make the housewives happy with their work.The greater sense of effort gained from a little extra labor is believed to have been essential to the later success of the cake mix.”可知,额外的努力给顾客带来了蛋糕烘焙的乐趣。
10.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply
A.Creations are based on skills.
B.Extra labor increases perceived value.
C.Beauty is found through contrast.
D.Strict management brings good quality.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据上文内容可知,本段主要讲述额外的劳动会让参与者更喜欢自己的作品,所以“Beauty,it seems,is in the eye of the builder.”意为“额外的劳动增加了感知价值”。
11.What is Alastair Parvin’s attitude towards public involvement in housing
A.Critical.
B.Objective.
C.Doubtful.
D.Supportive.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Alastair Parvin认为公众参与住房建设,他们与环境的关系就完全不同了,所以是持支持的态度。
12.What’s the purpose of this text
A.To promote a brand.
B.To make a proposal.
C.To explain a concept.
D.To introduce a study.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。纵观全文,尤其是第二段内容可知,本文主要解释什么是宜家效应(IKEA effect),所以本文的目的是解释一个概念。
1考点分类练(八)　词句猜测题(2)
Passage 1
(2025黑龙江哈尔滨东北三省四市教研联合体高三模拟)
主题:汉隆剃刀原理　词数:351　难度:★★★☆☆
If you ever feel that the world is against you,you are not alone.We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong,the fault lies in some great intrigue (诡计) against us.If a co-worker fails the deadline,he must be trying to beat you to a promotion.When Wi-Fi in a coffee shop is not working,the staff must be lying about having it just to attract you in.
But the fact is that the simple explanations,which we tend to jump to,are barely true.Maybe your co-worker thought today was Tuesday,not Wednesday.Maybe the Wi-Fi just went wrong.This is where Hanlon’s razor works—a useful mental model that one should never consider what can be fully explained by neglect (疏忽) as doing harm on purpose.
Applying Hanlon’s razor,a helpful tool for rapid decision-making and comprehension,in our daily lives makes us less judgmental,and improve our reasoning skills.Meanwhile,Hanlon’s razor allows us to have more empathy (同理心) and teaches us not to assume the worst intention in the actions of others,the value of which is most pronounced in relationships,business matters,and personal happiness.
We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong.When this occurs,a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention.When someone messes up around us,we forget how many times we,too,have done the same.Instead,the perpetrator becomes a source of intense annoyance.
To assume intention in such a situation is likely to worsen the problem.None of us can ever know what someone else wants.Inability or neglect is far more likely to be the genuine cause than the desire to hurt.When a situation annoys us,it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are necessary.Often,the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to communicate with them,not to dismiss them.In this way,we can avoid repeats of the same situation.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了汉隆剃刀原理及其在生活中的应用。
1.What can we learn about Hanlon’s Razor
A.It is a way to solve colleagues’ problems.
B.It avoids taking neglect as intentional harm.
C.It is a device for restoring Wi-Fi connection.
D.It identifies who is responsible for mistakes.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This is where Hanlon’s razor works—a useful mental model that one should never consider what can be fully explained by neglect as doing harm on purpose.”可知,汉隆剃刀原理是一种有用的思维模式,即不应该把可以用疏忽来充分解释的事情当作故意的伤害。故选B项。
2.What do we usually do when things fail
A.We turn to trustworthy persons.
B.We change current situations.
C.We deal with negative emotions.
D.We misjudge others’ intention.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong,the fault lies in some great intrigue against us.”和第三段中“Applying Hanlon’s razor,a helpful tool for rapid decision-making and comprehension,in our daily lives makes us less judgmental,and improve our reasoning skills.”可知,当事情出错时,我们往往会认为是有人针对我们,而汉隆剃刀原理能让我们减少这种错误判断。所以当事情失败时,我们通常会错误判断他人的意图。故选D项。
3.What does the underlined “the perpetrator” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.The mind reader.　 B.The error maker.
C.The problem solver. D.The event planner.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“When someone messes up around us,we forget how many times we,too,have done the same.Instead,the perpetrator becomes a source of intense annoyance.”可知,这里的“the perpetrator”指的是那些犯错、搞砸事情的人,成了极度恼怒的来源,即“the error maker (犯错的人)”。故选B项。
4.What is suggested when others cause problems
A.Losing temper to them.
B.Putting them on the spot.
C.Exchanging ideas with them.
D.Turning a blind eye to them.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When a situation annoys us,it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are necessary.Often,the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to communicate with them,not to dismiss them.In this way,we can avoid repeats of the same situation.”可知,当别人给我们造成问题时,最好的反应方式是与他们沟通。故选C项。
Passage 2
主题:研究发现　词数:307　难度:★★★☆☆
When adult humans meet a baby,many can’t help speaking in a higher-pitched (更高音的),sing-songy voice.This shift,known as parentese,is not unique to humans—it has also been observed in animals like monkeys and gorillas.Now,scientists are adding one more species to that list:bottlenose dolphins.
Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups.They communicate in a unique way:every individual produces its own signature sound that acts much like an ID card,usually by its first birthday.But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle For babies,it might have something to do with listening to Mum.To solve this mystery,researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make.
Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottlenose dolphins.When the mother dolphins were near their young,they continued to make their signature sound,but at a higher frequency.They also used a wider range of frequencies than they did when their babies were not nearby.
This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves.Since dolphin babies often spend some years with their mothers before living on their own,it makes sense that this adaptation would help them learn to communicate.At the very least,the higher-pitched whistle likely gets the babies’ attention.“It’s important for a baby to know,‘Oh,Mum’s talking to me now,’” says marine biologist June Mann.
This kind of research could help us understand how language developed in humans.“It is absolutely essential to have basic knowledge about other species and how they communicate,” says Mann.“I would be really interested to see whether dolphins also change their sounds when interacting with babies of others,which is what happens in humans.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。
5.What do the underlined words “this mystery” refer to in paragraph 2
A.Why dolphins live and play in groups.
B.How dolphins develop their unique sounds.
C.What aspects of intelligence dolphins possess.
D.Whether dolphins can use parentese like humans.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle For babies,it might have something to do with listening to Mum.”以及下文“researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make”可知,海豚发出独特的声音与听到海豚妈妈的声音有关,所以为了解开“海豚如何发出独特的声音”这个谜团,研究人员检查了海豚妈妈发出的声音。故画线词指的是“海豚如何发出独特的声音”。
6.How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins
A.By analyzing mother dolphins’ sound features.
B.By recording parent-child interaction frequency.
C.By measuring the distance between parent and child.
D.By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottlenose dolphins.”可知,研究人员通过分析雌性海豚的声音特征对海豚进行研究。
7.What is a suggested reason why dolphin mothers use parentese with their young
A.To help them learn to talk.
B.To teach them hunting skills.
C.To express worry and care.
D.To distract their attention.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves.”可知,海豚妈妈对幼崽使用父母语的原因是帮助它们学会说话。
8.What is the purpose of the text
A.To compare the parentese of humans and dolphins.
B.To illustrate the development of dolphin intelligence.
C.To share new findings about dolphin communication.
D.To highlight the value of studying dolphins’ language.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话并解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义,由此可知,文章的目的是分享有关海豚交流的新发现。
Passage 3
主题:黄河数字孪生体　词数:386　难度:★★★☆☆
The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization.And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now,scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.
The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies,including big data,artificial intelligence,and the internet of things.Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center.Based on the information,a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen.It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions.
One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”.According to Wang Qin,a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau,a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips,a battery,and a signal transmitter.They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones.“Upon feeling movement of the dike stones,the smart stone sends an alarm to the command center for quick response,” Wang said.“In the past,researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves,putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the bureau.“Now the smart stones can do this for us,more safely,quickly,and accurately.”
And in the sky,drones (无人机) are flying.On the routes designed by engineers,the drones become expert patrollers of the river,looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects.According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission,thanks to the drones,researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information.“Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported.The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches,” said Shen.
Under the water and up in the sky,intelligent systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts.According to the Ministry of Water Resources,in the future,we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字孪生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展。
9.What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River
A.To conduct historical research.
B.To raise public awareness of river protection.
C.To improve flood control and prevention efforts.
D.To create a virtual tourist attraction.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now,scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.”可知,创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强防洪工作。
10.How do the smart stones contribute to the river’s digital governance
A.They record water quality.
B.They serve as markers for important locations.
C.They enhance the river’s beauty.
D.They monitor and report dike movements.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They are buried in important dike locations to record and report the movement of dike stones.”可知,智能石头通过监测和报告堤坝的运动来为河流的数字化治理做出贡献。
11.What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River
A.Entertaining tourists.
B.Collecting information on dike conditions.
C.Patrolling and taking wildlife photos.
D.Giving warning of coming floods.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“On the routes designed by engineers,the drones become expert patrollers of the river,looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects.”可知,无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。
12.What does the underlined phrase “batten down the hatches” in the fourth paragraph mean
A.Prepare for difficult times.
B.Foresee the future.
C.Work hard to achieve one’s goals.
D.Overcome challenges.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission,thanks to the drones,researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information.‘Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported.The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches,’ said Shen.”可知,使用无人机可以获得黄河水利情况的第一手资料,研究人员可以根据无人机发回的资料实时更新3D模型,这样做可以提早预防洪涝等紧急情况,以便做出快速回应。故推知batten down the hatches应表示“做好准备,未雨绸缪”之意,与A项“Prepare for difficult times.”同义。
1考点分类练(三)　推理判断题(1)
Passage 1 (2025十堰第九中学高三模拟)
主题:海狸重新引入项目　词数:318　难度:★★★☆☆
The birth of at least two beavers (海狸) marks the end of a more than 400-year absence of breeding beavers in urban London.The organizers of the Ealing Beaver Project have announced that the babies are growing well,signaling a significant success in urban rewilding efforts.This achievement is the result of a joint effort among multiple organizations.
The baby beavers have been seen playing outside their home at Paradise Fields,a publicly accessible wetland in Greenford,west London.This site was chosen for the reintroduction of a family of five Eurasian beavers in October 2023.With a special license from Natural England,experts relocated the beavers from wild populations in Scotland.This marked the first time beavers were reintroduced into an urban setting in the UK on a site that’s fully open to the public.
Dr.Sean McCormack,the license holder at the Ealing Beaver Project and chair of the Ealing Wildlife Group,expressed his confidence in the beavers’ ability to settle in Paradise Fields.“To discover they had new baby beavers this spring was a big surprise for us.It can be described as ‘the icing on the cake’,confirming the success of the project,” he said.Historically,beavers were permanent residents in London until hunting and habitat destruction led to their extinction across the UK.
The beavers have constructed six dams,which help the site retain more water and release it slowly after heavy rainfall.This not only improves water quality but also reduces flood risks.Experts will continue to monitor the site to study its flood mitigation capacity (防洪能力).The beavers’ activities have also created more complex wetlands and wet woodlands,leading to a significant increase in wildlife,including amphibians,bats,dragonflies,insects,and birds.
The growing beaver family at Paradise Fields could be used as a blueprint for further beaver reintroduction not only in London but around the UK.Guided tours around the site will offer an insight into the beavers’ activity and environmental changes caused by their presence,though the public are being urged to respect the animals’ space.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过伦敦海狸重新引入项目的成功,展现了城市生态修复的成果及深远影响。
1.What can we know about the Ealing Beaver Project
A.It is an urban beaver center with restricted public access.
B.It presents advancement in urban rewilding.
C.It focuses on studying the behavior of beavers in the wild.
D.It learns a lot from other similar animal reintroduction projects.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The organizers of the Ealing Beaver Project have announced that the babies are growing well,signaling a significant success in urban rewilding efforts.This achievement is the result of a joint effort among multiple organizations.”可知,伊灵海狸项目展示了城市野生化的进步。故选B项。
2.What does the underlined phrase “the icing on the cake” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.The unexpected arrival of newborn beavers.
B.Dr.Sean’s confidence in the project’s future.
C.Beavers’ adaptation to urban pollution.
D.The establishment of Paradise Fields.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“‘To discover they had new baby beavers this spring was a big surprise for us.It can be described as ‘the icing on the cake’,confirming the success of the project,’ he said.”可知,“the icing on the cake”指代的是新生海狸的意外到来,故选A项。
3.Which of the following can best describe the impact of the project
A.Unidentifiable.　　　 B.Short-lived.
C.Localized. D.Far-reaching.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中“This not only improves water quality but also reduces flood risks.Experts will continue to monitor the site to study its flood mitigation capacity.The beavers’ activities have also created more complex wetlands and wet woodlands,leading to a significant increase in wildlife,including amphibians,bats,dragonflies,insects,and birds.”和第五段中“The growing beaver family at Paradise Fields could be used as a blueprint for further beaver reintroduction not only in London but around the UK.”可推断该项目影响深远,故选D项。
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Return of Beavers:A Success Story in Urban Rewilding
B.The Living Strategies of Beavers in Urban Areas
C.The Paradise Fields:An Ideal Habitat for Wildlife
D.The Discovery of Beavers in Urban London
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,并结合第一段中“The organizers of the Ealing Beaver Project have announced that the babies are growing well,signaling a significant success in urban rewilding efforts.This achievement is the result of a joint effort among multiple organizations.”可知,文章通过伦敦海狸重新引入项目的成功,展现了城市生态修复的成果及深远影响,所以A选项“海狸的回归:城市再野生化的成功故事”符合文章大意,适合作标题,故选A项。
Passage 2
主题:给予能够带来幸福　词数:354
难度:★★★★☆　
I grew up hearing that it is better to give than to receive,and the older I get,the more I aim to take this message to heart.Nevertheless,here I am,in the midst of the holiday season stressed out about gifts I have not yet purchased.
How did gift buying become an emotionally fraught chore(苦差事) For a moment,it’s easy to question if it’s worth it.But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.
“The act of giving actually does improve your happiness,” says Michael Norton,a psychologist at Harvard Business School.He has published several studies on the effects of giving.
In one experiment that included about 700 people,the researchers randomly assigned participants to make either a purchase for themselves,or for a stranger.Afterwards,the participants reported how happy they felt.It turned out that giving to others led to a significant happiness boost,whereas spending on oneself didn’t move the needle.
“If you take $5 out of your pocket today,the science really does show that spending $5 on yourself doesn’t do much for you,” Norton says.“But spending that $5 on somebody else is more likely to increase your happiness.”
Take a scarf.If you buy one for yourself,it’s just another thing you don’t necessarily need.But if you buy a scarf for someone else,“you’ve shown them that they’re important to you,” Norton says.Either way,it’s just a scarf.“But it can either be a throwaway object or something that enhances a relationship between two people,” he says.
So,there’s evidence that generosity promotes happiness,but the process of shopping,wrapping and schlepping(搬) gifts can be tiresome—or even extremely annoying considering all of our day-to-day demands and other holiday stressors.
Studies also show when people are given something they are more likely to give back.Reciprocity(互惠) is a foundation of good relationships and when we surround ourselves with generous people,we tend to feel the same.Feeling that spirit of giving and the connection it can bring is what the holidays are all about.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了给予能够带来幸福。
5.Why does the author mention his own experience in paragraph 1
A.To make a prediction.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To present a reason.
D.To clarify a concept.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,第一段讲述了虽然作者明白给予比接受好,但在节日期间自己总是因为买礼物的事情感到很有压力。接着第二段承上启下,从作者买礼物的经历引出科学表明给予让人感觉良好,结合下文内容可知,本文围绕给予能够带来幸福展开,由此可推测出,第一段提到作者自己的经历是为了引出话题。
6.How does Norton illustrate his opinion in paragraphs 5 and 6
A.By listing data.
B.By giving examples.
C.By making comments.
D.By telling personal experiences.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段和第六段内容可知,这两段分别以5美元和一条围巾的例子讲述了给予的重要性。
7.Why is preparing a gift sometimes an emotionally fraught chore
A.It’s difficult and expensive.
B.It happens frequently.
C.It’s not valued by others.
D.It requires much effort.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知,由于准备礼物需要花费精力,所以它有时是个苦差事。
8.What can we learn about giving gifts from the text
A.It is not worth the effort.
B.It is a must to enhance a relationship.
C.It brings about emotional benefits.
D.It gains popularity during holidays.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.”和第三段中的“The act of giving actually does improve your happiness”可知,给予会让人感觉良好,提升幸福感,由此可推测出,送礼物能够带来情绪上的益处。
Passage 3
主题:有声书　词数:359　难度:★★★★★
Like many people over the past few years,I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature.I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting.My consumption of new books has doubled as a result—but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension.
The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel,both at the University of Chicago,and it draws from the “dual process model” of mental processing.According to this view,we have two ways of assessing information.System 1 is intuitive(直觉的),relying on natural ability and feeling.It is quick,but likely exposed to misinformation.System 2 is analytical involving the use of logic reasoning.It is mentally demanding.When it is engaged,we think our way through the material step by step.For decades,psychologists have designed various tests to determine which of these two systems a person is using.As one example,consider the following question:How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark(方舟) If you answered two,you were probably only considering the core of the question,which is System 1 thinking.To get to the right answer—zero,you need to think more carefully about the wording,which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark,not Moses.That is the kind of analytical process.
Keysar and Geipel’s brilliant idea was to investigate whether the sensory form—seeing vs.hearing—of the information would make a difference.They found that it did:when answering these kinds of simple questions,participants were more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud,rather than written.
A greater reliance on our feelings could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical study.For this reason,I will return to reading non-fiction with my eyes rather than my ears.But I won’t stop listening to novels.I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕作者使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历和体验展开,并引入了一项关于信息处理方式的研究,以此为基础探讨了有声书可能对阅读理解产生的影响。
9.What does the author think of listening to audiobooks
A.It is economical.
B.It is demanding.
C.It is time-consuming.
D.It is relaxing.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like many people over the past few years,I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature.I find it far more comfortable to ‘read with my ears’ while my eyes are resting.”以及最后一段中的“But I won’t stop listening to novels.I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break.”可知,作者认为听有声读物会让人放松。
10.Which of the following best describes System 2 model
A.Fairly reliable.
B.Fully automatic.
C.Question-centered.
D.Emotion-involved.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“System 2 is analytical involving the use of logic reasoning.It is mentally demanding.When it is engaged,we think our way through the material step by step.”可知,System 2涉及使用逻辑推理进行信息处理,它要求精神上的努力,通过一步一步地思考材料来得出结论。因此,System 2的结果相对可靠得多。
11.Why is the Ark mentioned in paragraph 3
A.To present a fact.
B.To illustrate a view.
C.To introduce a topic.
D.To draw a conclusion.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“As one example,consider the following question:How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark If you answered two,you were probably only considering the core of the question,which is System 1 thinking.To get to the right answer—zero,you need to think more carefully about the wording,which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark,not Moses.That is the kind of analytical process.”可知,作者提到方舟是为了举例说明一个观点,即System 1和System 2在处理信息时的不同方式。通过提出“摩西在方舟上带了多少种动物 ”的问题,并解释正确答案是如何通过更仔细地考虑措辞得出的,作者展示了System 2涉及的逻辑推理过程。因此,提及方舟是为了阐明关于信息处理方式的观点。
12.What does the author intend to tell us
A.Listening to books comes at a price.
B.Reading non-fiction books benefits.
C.Critical thinking is a must in reading.
D.Ways of processing information differ.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,作者通过分享自己使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历,以及引入关于信息处理方式的研究,意在表明听书可能会以理解为代价。文章提到,尽管听书让作者增加了阅读量,但研究结果显示,听书在处理某些信息时可能不如阅读书面材料准确。特别是对于那些需要逻辑研究的信息,听书可能导致更多的错误。因此,作者认为听书是有代价的,特别是在理解方面。
1考点分类练(十)　主旨大意题(1)
Passage 1
主题:改造旧飞机　词数:305　难度:★★★☆☆
Bruce Campbell,a retired electrical engineer,wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new- and practical- and livable ones.
For about $220,000,he purchased a Greek airliner—a Boeing 727-400—that logged about 40,000 flights in its peak.Before Campbell got his hands on his Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in,this aircraft saw regular use as it transported all kinds of people to all sorts of destinations.
After the successful transform,he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends.The party,called Turbulence:A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods,happened right on the wing!Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home.Overall,they got the attention of 14,000 Meta users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party.
This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well.Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued.He wanted the general public to find out that planes are capable of surviving hundreds of years and the cruelest weather conditions thanks to its sealed pressure technology.
Campbell adored the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events.He has posted on his website that it is his goal to “inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource”.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事。
1.What drew wide public attention to Campbell’s first transformed plane
A.Its high residential comfort level.
B.Its remarkable transporting capacity.
C.The incredibly high transformation cost.
D.The Meta post of a party held on it.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,Meta上举办派对的帖子吸引了公众对Campbell第一架改装飞机的广泛关注,故选D项。
2.What did Campbell think the second plane could serve as
A.A tsunami warning center.
B.A meeting place for local community.
C.A temporary shelter in disasters.
D.An engineering workshop.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home...in case tsunami threats were issued.”可知,Campbell认为第二架飞机可以用作灾难中的临时避难所,故选C项。
3.Why did Campbell transform the planes
A.To direct attention to housing problems.
B.To satisfy his scientific curiosity.
C.To advocate a greener lifestyle.
D.To call for participation in recycling.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知,Campbell改造飞机是为了呼吁市民参与循环再造。
4.What is the text mainly about
A.A former engineer turning retired planes into home.
B.Recent trends of renaissance-themed decoration.
C.A talented home designer receiving online fame.
D.Diverse approaches for sustainable living.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文内容,结合第一段“Bruce Campbell,a retired electrical engineer,wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new- and practical- and livable ones.”可知,文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事,A项“一位前工程师把退役的飞机变成了家”能够总结文章大意。
Passage 2
(2025湖南“六校联盟”高三上学期联合适应性考试)
主题:学龄前儿童沉浸式课程　词数:343　难度:★★★☆☆
I was talking to a friend about plans for her preschooler Cathy.Their home language is English,but my friend’s father is French,and I wondered if she would let Cathy attend the local French immersion (沉浸式) kindergarten.
She surprised me by saying that her dad advised against doing that,saying,“You have a very bright little girl who’s curious about everything.French is only one subject.You don’t need to make it the center of her education for the important early years of school.”
Yes,there are many benefits of speaking more than one language,but that doesn’t mean it’s always a good idea to make your kindergartener receive an immersion program.
If you look up “second language learning”,you’ll see much about the advantages of being bilingual (双语的),mostly written to advertise language schools and maps.But if you dig deeper,you’ll have trouble finding solid research into the advantages of second language learning,other than in older age groups where it does have strong cognitive (认知的) benefits.
My clinical experience with kids is consistent with my friend’s father’s observation and with the finding of the British Academy that second language learning can be great for kids,but isn’t always.It depends on a lot of complex factors.
For some young children,immersion classes in French or other languages can make school more interesting,enriching their lives and enlarging their sense of the world.Children who enter school with strong first language and mathematical skills can enjoy learning another language,finding new ways of understanding and thinking about what they have already known.
For others,these programs can be curiosity-crushing.I’ve worked with many very smart young kids who are deeply frustrated at school because their scientific,technological,or mathematical interests far outperform their ability to discuss their enthusiasm in a new language.
When looking for a school for your preschooler,consider their individual learning needs,strengths and challenges,and look for what you think might be the best match.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕是否应该让学龄前儿童参加法语沉浸式幼儿园的问题展开讨论,作者通过引用朋友的经历、个人的临床经验以及相关研究,分析了学习第二语言的好处以及沉浸式教育的利弊,最终强调了在为学龄前儿童选择学校时,应考虑他们的个体学习需求、优势和挑战,寻找最适合他们的教育方式。
5.Why did Cathy’s grandpa oppose her attending the local French immersion kindergarten
A.It might hold back Cathy’s curiosity.
B.Cathy was too small to learn well.
C.It might affect Cathy’s friendship.
D.Cathy had no gift for languages.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She surprised me by saying that her dad advised against doing that,saying,‘You have a very bright little girl who’s curious about everything.French is only one subject.You don’t need to make it the center of her education for the important early years of school.’”可知,Cathy的爷爷反对她上法语沉浸式幼儿园,理由是Cathy是一个对一切都充满好奇的聪明小女孩,而法语只是一门学科,没必要在上学最初的重要几年里将其作为教育的核心。故选A项。
6.What does the research reveal about seniors’ learning a second language
A.It’s challenging.
B.It’s beneficial.
C.It’s controversial.
D.It’s energy-consuming.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“But if you dig deeper,you’ll have trouble finding solid research into the advantages of second language learning,other than in older age groups where it does have strong cognitive benefits.”可知,对于老年人学习第二语言,有研究表明其在认知方面有很大益处。故选B项。
7.What may the author advise parents to do when choosing a kindergarten
A.Select the school closest to their home.
B.Make sure the teachers are native speakers.
C.Consider their children’s learning styles and needs.
D.Focus on the quality of schools’ language immersion programs.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“When looking for a school for your preschooler,consider their individual learning needs,strengths and challenges,and look for what you think might be the best match.”可知,作者建议家长在为孩子选择幼儿园时,要考虑孩子个人的学习需求、优势和面临的挑战,找到最适合孩子的学校。故选C项。
8.What is the text mainly about
A.The benefits of early bilingual learning.
B.The suitable age to start learning a second language.
C.Best ways to prepare kids for language immersion programs.
D.“My” reflections on immersing preschools in foreign language programs.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“My clinical experience with kids is consistent with my friend’s father’s observation and with the finding of the British Academy that second language learning can be great for kids,but isn’t always.It depends on a lot of complex factors.”以及全文内容可知,文章围绕作者对是否让学龄前儿童参加外语沉浸式课程展开思考,从朋友父亲反对孩子参加法语沉浸式幼儿园,到阐述不同孩子对语言沉浸式课程的不同反应,都体现了作者对这一问题的思考。故选D项。
Passage 3
主题:环境DNA技术　词数:345　难度:★★★★☆
Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just-good-at-hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts.Traditional survey methods are labor intensive and cover limited areas.Now,emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques open new possibilities.
Scientists collect water or soil samples from an environment and extract (提取) any DNA traces left behind by organisms.This is the environmental DNA (eDNA).They then use one of the two analysis methods—quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing (DNA 测序).Similar to virus tests,qPCR is used to detect if a specific species’ DNA is in the sample.For example,researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present.When it was detected,they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it.DNA sequencing analyzes all DNA in the sample at once.Scientists can then match the DNA barcodes to databases to identify which species were in the sampled environment.
Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases,the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms.With just one sample,scientists can detect all kinds of living things,from bacteria to whales,in almost any environment where life exists,including the deep sea and underground caves.One of the most significant advantages of eDNA sampling is that it allows scientists to detect species that are difficult to see or capture.This is particularly useful when studying rare or very small species,or when working in environments like dark water where visibility is limited.
This is just the start.Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles,analyzed by the drone or on board a research vessel(船舰),and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean.Science fiction Not any more.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。新的生物多样性监测技术——环境DNA (eDNA)技术即将问世,文章对其进行了介绍。
9.What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning the example in paragraph 2
A.To explain the process of qPCR analysis method.
B.To introduce the definition of environmental DNA.
C.To tell the difference between two analysis methods.
D.To show the similarity between qPCR and virus tests.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They then use one of the two analysis methods...lived in that river without directly seeing it.”可知,作者在第二段提到这个例子的目的是说明qPCR分析方法的过程。
10.What’s the advantage of eDNA sampling
A.It can detect species from photos and videos.
B.It can help scientists capture endangered species.
C.It enables scientists to work in invisible environment.
D.It can identify any living creature with a sample of it.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Although eDNA sampling cannot identify...including the deep sea and underground caves.”可知,eDNA取样的优势是它可以用它的样本识别任何生物。
11.What could eDNA data be applied to in the future
A.Studying microbial communities.
B.Analyzing diversity changes over time.
C.Collecting species in new environments.
D.Offering statistics for ocean supervision.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Imagine a future where eDNA data...about the condition of the ocean.”可知,eDNA数据在未来可以应用于为海洋监管提供统计数据。
12.What’s the main idea of the text
A.Scientists have made a breakthrough in undersea research.
B.Rare species have been discovered with two analysis methods.
C.New biodiversity monitoring techniques are around the corner.
D.Traditional survey methods are abandoned for their shortcomings.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,文章主要讲的是新的生物多样性监测技术即将问世。
1考点分类练(十二)　主旨大意题(3)
Passage 1 (2025吉林长春东北师范大学附中高三四模)
主题:聊天机器人　词数:338　难度:★★★☆☆
American teenagers are increasingly confiding (吐露秘密) in Sonny,a hybrid AI-human chatbot positioned in schools struggling with shortages of mental-health counselors. Developed by Sonar Mental Health,this innovative “well-being companion” blends AI-generated responses with real-time human review to provide emotional support in underserved districts.
Sonny’s unique model integrates licensed professionals in psychology,social work,and crisis intervention,who inspect AI-suggested replies,edit them,or craft personalized responses.Sonar CEO Drew Barvir,who co-founded the company at Stanford Graduate School of Business,explains that the AI acts as a “co-pilot” to human counselors,allowing staff to monitor 15-25 chats at the same time.The system employs advanced algorithms (算法) to detect high-risk language—such as threats of self-harm or violence—automatically alerting parents or school administrators when necessary.Currently,Sonny serves over 4,500 middle and high school students across nine districts,mainly in low-income and rural areas lacking mental-health service.
The U.S.faces a severe counselor shortage.While the American School Counselor Association recommends one counselor per 250 students,the national average is 1:376,with 17% of high schools having no counselor at all.At Berryville High School in Arkansas,two counselors struggle to support 565 students.
To address this divide,Ashley Sharp,a mental-health coordinator (协调人),introduced Sonny in late 2023.Among 175 registered users,53% engage with Sonny multiple times monthly,with message volume spiking during exam periods.This trend led the school to partner with experts to teach stress-coping strategies.Notably,Berryville observed a 26% drop in student behavioral offenses after Sonny’s launch.Sharp credits this success to the platform’s accessibility and nonjudgmental nature,with students calling it a “safe space” to express anxieties.Sonny’s hybrid design—combining AI’s 24/7 availability with human empathy (共情)—proves particularly vital in regions where traditional counseling resources are scarce.
As schools nationwide tackle rising meatal-health demands,tools like Sonny highlight technology’s potential to supplement—not replace—human caregivers,ensuring no student is left without support.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能与人结合的聊天机器人Sonny在美国学校心理健康服务方面发挥的作用。
1.What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A.Working principle of Sonny’s model.
B.The detection of high-risk language.
C.The achievements of Sonar CEO.
D.Sonny’s wide service range.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。第二段中“Sonny’s unique model integrates licensed professionals in psychology,social work,and crisis intervention,who inspect AI-suggested replies,edit them,or craft personalized responses.” 指出Sonny独特的模式整合了心理学、社会工作和危机干预方面的专业人士,他们会检查人工智能建议的回复,对其进行编辑或编写个性化回复,接着还介绍了人工智能作为人类顾问的“副驾驶”以及系统检测高风险语言等功能,所以第二段主要讲的是Sonny模式的工作原理。故选A项。
2.Why does the author cite some figures in paragraph 4
A.To discuss effective stress-coping strategies.
B.To underline Sonny’s popularity and success.
C.To analyze Sonny’s unique nature and potential.
D.To compare different counseling resources.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。第四段中“Among 175 registered users,53% engage with Sonny multiple times monthly,with message volume spiking during exam periods.This trend led the school to partner with experts to teach stress-coping strategies.Notably,Berryville observed a 26% drop in student behavioral offenses after Sonny’s launch.”提到了注册用户中多次使用 Sonny的比例,以及考试期间信息数量的增加,还有学生行为违规率下降等数据,这些数据表明Sonny很受欢迎且取得了成功。故选B项。
3.What does the underlined word “supplement” probably mean in the last paragraph
A.Overtake.　　 B.Monitor.
C.Aid. D.Challenge.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“As schools nationwide tackle rising meatal-health demands,tools like Sonny highlight technology’s potential to supplement—not replace—human caregivers,ensuring no student is left without support.”可知,当全国各地的学校应对不断增长的心理健康需求时,像Sonny这样的工具凸显了技术在辅助(而非取代)人类护理人员方面的潜力,以确保没有学生得不到支持。由此可知,画线词supplement在这里表示 “辅助,补充”,与C项“Aid(帮助)”意思相近。故选C项。
4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A.US Schools Face Shortage of Counselors
B.“Safe Space” in Mental Health Education
C.Hybrid Chatbot Fills Mental Health Gap
D.AI Counseling Gets Trendy in Psychology
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“American teenagers are increasingly confiding in Sonny,a hybrid AI-human chatbot positioned in schools struggling with shortages of mental-health counselors.”可知,文章主要介绍了人工智能与人结合的聊天机器人Sonny在学校中为学生提供心理健康支持,弥补了心理健康顾问短缺的问题。由此可知,C选项“混合聊天机器人填补心理健康缺口”符合文章主旨,适合作文章的标题。故选C项。
Passage 2
主题:聊天机器人　词数:312　难度:★★★☆☆
Even if you haven’t held a conversation with Siri or Alexa,you’ve likely encountered a chatbot online.They often appear in a chat window that pops up with a friendly greeting:Thank you for visiting our site.How can I help you today Depending on the site,the chatbot is programmed to respond accordingly and even ask follow-up questions.
Chatbots are a form of conversational AI designed to simplify human interaction with computers.They are programmed to simulate human conversation and exhibit intelligent behavior that is equivalent to that of a human.
Chatbots communicate through speech or text.Both rely on artificial intelligence technologies like machine learning and natural language processing (NLP),which is a branch of artificial intelligence that teaches machines to read,analyze and interpret human language.This technology gives chatbots a baseline for understanding language structure and meaning.NLP,in essence,allows the computer to understand what you are asking and how to appropriately respond.
With developments in deep learning and reinforcement learning,chatbots can interpret more complexities in language and improve the dynamic nature of conversation between humans and machine.Essentially,a chatbot tries to match what you’ve asked to an intent that it understands.The more a chatbot communicates with you,the more it understands and the more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar questions.Your positive responses reinforce its answers,and then it uses those answers again.
From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes,chatbots have started to enter our lives.In almost every industry,companies are using chatbots to help customers easily navigate their websites,answer simple questions and direct people to the relevant points of contact.Personal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed to respond to a wide range of scenarios and queries,from current weather and news updates to personal calendars,music selections and random questions.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了聊天机器人的工作原理和应用。
5.Why does the author mention Siri and Alexa in paragraph 1
A.To explain how a chatbot works.
B.To show where to find a chatbot.
C.To give examples of chatbots.
D.To compare different chatbots.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Even if you haven’t held a conversation...Thank you for visiting our site.”可知,作者在第一段提到了Siri和Alexa是给出聊天机器人的例子。
6.What is the basis of chatbots
A.Language study.
B.Data transmission.
C.Social interaction.
D.Natural language processing.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Both rely on artificial intelligence technologies like machine learning and natural language processing (NLP)”可知,聊天机器人的基础是自然语言处理。
7.What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Inspire. B.Strengthen.
C.Organize. D.Match.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据上文“The more a chatbot communicates with you,the more it understands and the more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar questions.”以及下文“then it uses those answers again.”可知,“Your positive responses reinforce its answers”表达的意思是“你的积极回应强化了它的答案”,画线词reinforce与strengthen“巩固,强化”意思一致。
8.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The future trend of chatbots.
B.The author’s predictions.
C.The effects of chatbots.
D.The applications of chatbots.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知,最后一段主要讲关于聊天机器人的应用。
Passage 3
主题:快时尚企业衣服生产过剩　词数:369
难度:★★★★★
The impact of fast fashion on the environment is significant.Recently Zara,one of the largest fast-fashion retailers (零售商) in the world,put forth a concept that only sustainable fabrics are used in clothing production.But how can Zara ever be sustainable They produce around 450 million garments (衣服) a year and release 500 new designs a week,about 20,000 a year.Zara’s fast-fashion model has been so successful that it has inspired an entire industry to follow them.
Clothing production doubled from 2012 to 2022.The average consumer bought 60 percent more clothing in 2022 than in 2012,but kept each garment half as long.And less than one percent of all clothing produced globally is recycled.
I spend a lot of time reading the corporate social responsibility reports of large brands and interviewing micro-to-small sized enterprises to see how they approach sustainability.The largest significant difference between them is culture.
Small brands focus on creating a culture of sustainability by using strategies like producing made-to-order,so they are not making more than what is sold.Most small brands are opting to work under an “anti-fashion calendar”.They choose not to follow the intense seasonal calendar that fashion functions under.They do this because waste is one of their biggest concerns.They also design clothing to be of the highest quality,ensuring durability and longevity,so you may keep it longer.
Fast fashion is a “grow or die” business,and the fast-fashion growth model used by all large companies is predicated on limitless growth.Large global corporate retailers are not seeking to change their fundamental business model or create cultures of sustainability.That would require re-working their entire business structure and ultimately hurt their bottom line.
I would start to believe Zara and other large fashion brands had good intentions to fight climate change if they started to look at how to move away from their continuous offerings of weekly new products.They need to introduce alternative sustainable business model practices.One small step could be to offer repair or tailoring services.Tailoring creates clothes that fit perfectly,subsequently increasing their emotional value,so that we love them and keep them longer.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍快时尚企业生产过量的衣服,破坏生态环境,不符合可持续发展,希望他们能引入可持续发展的商业模式。
9.What does the author intend to show with the numbers about Zara in paragraph 1
A.Zara is not eco-friendly.
B.Zara is popular with consumers.
C.Zara is a large fast-fashion retailer.
D.Zara is a success in fashion industry.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But how can Zara ever be sustainable...an entire industry to follow them.”可知,Zara每年生产过量的衣服,破坏生态环境,不符合可持续发展,也就是说Zara不环保。
10.Which of the following shows a cultural feature of small brands
A.Designing clothing as needed.
B.Designing clothing seasonably.
C.Producing clothing as needed.
D.Producing clothing seasonably.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Small brands focus on creating a culture of sustainability by using strategies like producing made-to-order,so they are not making more than what is sold.”可知,小品牌不会超量生产,也就是按需求生产衣服。
11.What does the underlined part “bottom line” in paragraph 5 relate to
A.The fast-fashion retailers.
B.The profits from fast fashion.
C.The culture of sustainability.
D.The relationship with consumers.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据“Fast fashion is a ‘grow or die’ business...ultimately hurt their bottom line.”可知,快时尚增长模式如果调整业务结构,会损害它们本身的利益。
12.What does the last paragraph focus on
A.How to make consumers love their clothes.
B.How to make consumers buy less clothing.
C.How large fashion brands offer weekly new products.
D.How large fashion brands improve their services.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知,作者建议快时尚品牌引入可替代的可持续商业模式,提供修理或剪裁服务,也就是让消费者少买衣服。
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