初中英语人教版(2024)八下Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Section A (4a-4d) 教学设计

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初中英语人教版(2024)八下Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Section A (4a-4d) 教学设计

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一、教学基本信息
二、教学目标
核心素养目标
1.语言能力:掌握形容词/副词比较级、最高级的用法,能准确读写大数字,在语篇中正确运用比较级/最高级描述地理特征,完成语法填空与对比提问。
2.思维品质:通过对比事物特征与数据,提升逻辑判断与归纳能力,学会用比较思维分析地理现象的差异。
3.学习能力:掌握语法规则梳理、数字读写的策略,提升自主语法练习与对比提问的能力。
4.文化意识:了解世界著名地理景观,感受人类对自然景观的共同认知,增强跨文化地理知识的理解。
三、教学重难点
(一)教学重点
1.区分形容词/副词比较级、最高级的用法,能在语境中正确运用。
2.掌握大数字的读写规则。
(二)教学难点
1.在语篇中灵活选择形容词/副词的比较级/最高级形式,避免拼写与语法错误。
2.用英语清晰、有条理地设计对比问题,准确描述地理特征的差异。
四、教学方法
1.情境教学法:创设“世界自然奇观数据对比”情境,结合地理景观图片、数据图表,让学生在语境中感知语法用法与数字表达。
2.任务型教学法:设计“语法讲解→专项练习→语篇应用→话题输出”的层层递进任务,让学生在完成任务中巩固知识、提升技能。
3.对比归纳法:通过对比比较级与最高级的变化规则、用法场景,以及大数字的中英文表达差异,帮助学生梳理规律,加深理解。
4.讲授法:针对语法规则、数字读写技巧、易错点进行精准讲解,为学生搭建知识框架。
五、教学准备
1.多媒体课件:包含比较级/最高级变化规则图表、练习素材、对比提问示例、易错点对比表等。
2.学习任务单:设计比较级/最高级填空题、数字转换题、语篇填空题、对比提问模板。
3.分组准备:将学生分为2人小组,明确小组内问答交流的分工。
六、教学过程
(一)导入新课
数字预热:呈现一组大数字,提问:“Can you read these numbers in English What rules do you know about reading big numbers ”,引出大数字读写主题。
(二)语法讲解与专项练习
1. Presentation:
较大数字的表达与读法
(1)先记核心基数词
百(hundred)、千(thousand)、百万(million)、十亿(billion)
注意:这四个词单独用、前面有具体数字时,永远不加s。
(2)大数书写规则:三位分节,从右标逗号
英文中数字无“万、亿”单位,需把大数按从右往左每三位分一节,用逗号隔开。
分节口诀:个十百,千百万,十亿跟在百万后
1234 → 1,234(右数三位分节,只有 1 个逗号,对应 thousand)
1234567 → 1,234,567(2 个逗号,依次对应 million、thousand)
1234567890 → 1,234,567,890(3 个逗号,依次对应 billion、million、thousand)
(3)核心换算:中文“万、亿”转英文
中文的“万”“亿”是大数读写的难点,无专属英文单词,需用千、百万、十亿换算:
万 = 十个千 → 10 thousand
例:5 万 = 50 thousand;8.6 万 = 86 thousand
亿 = 一百个百万 → 100 million;十亿 = 10 亿(直接用 billion)
例:3 亿 = 300 million;50 亿 = 5 billion;12 亿 = 1.2 billion
(4)带零的大数
读的时候通常在hundred后加and,如果百位数为0,则在thousand后加and。
1,005 → one thousand and five
205,007 → two hundred and five thousand and seven
(5)常考高频大数
1,998 → one thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight(一千九百九十八)
10,000 → ten thousand(一万)
100,000 → one hundred thousand(十万)
1,000,000 → one million(一百万)
13,450 → thirteen thousand four hundred and fifty(一万三千四百五十)
2,008,000 → two million eight thousand(二百零八万)
1,400,000,000 → one billion four hundred million(十四亿)
形容词、副词的比较级与最高级
(1)概述
用来修饰名词的形容词或者修饰动词的副词,会因为修饰程度不同而有所“比较”,可分为原级,比较级(更……)与最高级(最……)。
(2)比较级与最高级的变化规则
a. 规则变化
①一般在词尾加-er,-est。tall→taller→tallest;cold→colder→coldest
②以不发音的e结尾加-r,-st。nice→nicer→nicest;fine→finer→finest
③以重读闭音节结尾,双写尾字母,再加-er,-est。thin→thinner→thinnest;hot→hotter→hottest
④以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加-er,-est。happy→happier→happiest;easy→easier→easiest
⑤多音节和部分双音节词,词前加more,most。beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful;interesting→more interesting→most interesting
b. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good / well better best
many / much more most
bad / badly worse worst
little (少) less least
old older / elder oldest / eldest
far farther / further farthest / furthest
(3)形容词、副词比较级的用法
①形容词或副词的比较级+than
This apple is bigger than that one. 这个苹果比那个大。
He runs faster than his brother. 他跑得比他弟弟快。
②“the + 比较级 + of the two (+ 名词复数)”表示“两者中较……的那个”。
She is the taller of the two girls. 她是两个女孩中更高的那个。
③“Which/Who... + 比较级, A or B ”表示“A和B哪个/谁更……?”
Which is nicer, the red dress or the blue one 红裙子和蓝裙子,哪个更好看?
Who dances better, Lily or Lucy 莉莉和露西,谁跳舞跳得更好?
④“比较级+and+比较级(单音节词和部分双音节词)”或“more and more+原级(多音节词和部分双音节词)”,表示“越来越……”。
The weather is getting colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡变得越来越美丽。
⑤“the +比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。
The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙,就感觉越开心。
The more carefully you listen, the better you will understand. 你听得越认真,理解得就越好。
⑥“A+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B”表示“A是B的……倍……”。
This room is twice bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个大两倍。
He walks three times faster than his grandfather. 他走路的速度是他爷爷的三倍。
⑦“...+比较级+than any other +可数名词单数”表示“……比(同一范围内)其他任何一个……都……”。
Li Ming is taller than any other student in his class. 李明比他班上其他任何一个学生
She sings better than any other girl in the school.她比学校里其他任何一个女孩唱得都好。
(4)形容词、副词最高级的用法
①(the+)最高级(+名词)+in/of 短语,意为“……中最……的”。
She is the tallest girl in our class. 她是我们班最高的女孩。
This book is the most interesting of the five. 这本书是五本中最有趣的。
②the +序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of 短语, 意为“在……中是第几……的……”。
This building is the third tallest one in our city. 这座建筑是我们城市里第三高的建筑。
③“Which/Who...(the+)最高级,A, B or C ” 意为“哪个/谁是最……,A,B还是C?”。
Who is the youngest in your family, your brother, your sister or you
你弟弟、你妹妹和你,谁是家里最小的?
Which runs (the) fastest, the dog, the cat or the rabbit 狗、猫和兔子,哪个跑得最快?
④one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of 短语,意为“……中最……的……之一”。
Mark Twain is one of the greatest writers in the world. 马克 吐温是世界上最伟大的作家之一。
This movie is one of the most popular films of 2025. 这部电影是 2025 年最受欢迎的电影之一。
(5)注意事项
①形容词比较级前一般不加定冠词 the,仅在特指 “两者中较…… 的一个” 时,必须加 the。
She is the taller of the two sisters. 她是两姐妹中个子更高的那个。
②形容词最高级前通常必须加定冠词 the,若名词前有物主代词、指示代词等限定词,最高级前的 the 需省略。
This is the most interesting book in our library.这是我们图书馆里最有趣的一本书。
This is my best gift from my parents. 这是父母送给我的最好的礼物。
③much/a little/even/still/a lot 等程度副词,只能放在比较级前修饰程度,不可放在比较级后。
This box is much heavier than that one. 这个箱子比那个重得多。
④“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 为固定结构,后必须接复数名词,该结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。
One of the most popular songs is sung by her. 最受欢迎的歌曲之一是由她演唱的。
⑤比较句中前后有相同的名词、动词或介词短语时,可省略重复成分,但必须保证比较对象明确,不可省略关键的比较对象。
This book is more interesting than that (book). 这本书比那本更有趣。
⑥最高级前有序数词修饰时,必须加定冠词 the。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
2. Practice:
(1)让学生阅读4a句子,圈出比较事物的形容词,划线比较动作的副词,核对答案并讲解判断依据(修饰名词用形容词比较级,修饰动词用副词比较级)。
What is the biggest desert in the world It is the Sahara Desert.
How big is it It is about 9,000,000 square kilometres in size.
Where is the deepest point in the ocean It is in the Mariana Trench.
How deep is it It is about 11,000 metres deep.
Some deep-sea animals are blind, but they can “see” as well as others.
Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world, and it is still growing taller.
The Yangtze River travels the farthest in China and is about 6,300 kilometres long.
circle: biggest、deepest、greatest、taller
underline: as well as、farthest
(2)基础练习:写出单词的比较级与最高级,强化变化规则。
popular → more popular → most popular
expensive → more expensive → most expensive
old → older / elder → oldest / eldest
far → farther / further → farthest / furthest
quiet → quieter → quietest
bright → brighter → brightest
cheap → cheaper → cheapest
early → earlier → earliest
soft → softer → softest
hot → hotter → hottest
busy → busier → busiest
lazy → lazier → laziest
heavy → heavier → heaviest
much → more → most
(3)4b练习:完成数字转换,核对答案并重点讲解换算与书写易错点。
Mount Kilimanjaro is 5,895 (five thousand, eight hundred and ninety-five) metres high.
25,768 (twenty-five thousand, seven hundred and sixty-eight) cubic metres of water pours down Inga Falls each second.
The East African Rift Valley is about 4,000 (four thousand) miles long.
The Taklimakan Desert has a total area of about 337,000 (three hundred and thirty-seven thousand) square kilometres.
(4)写出下列数字的英文读法,巩固大数的读法规则。
358 three hundred and fifty-eight
1,029 one thousand and twenty-nine
501,000 five hundred and one thousand
5,309,742 five million three hundred and nine thousand seven hundred and forty-two
729,530 seven hundred and twenty-nine thousand five hundred and thirty
1000,000,000 one billion
9,004 nine thousand and four
12,439 twelve thousand four hundred and thirty-nine
2,186,405 two million one hundred and eighty-six thousand four hundred and five
366 three hundred and sixty-six
(5)4c练习:用所给词的正确形式补全短文(描述维多利亚瀑布),核对答案并重点讲解:
My friends and I visited Victoria Falls in Africa last year. Visiting one of the world’s largest waterfalls was a magical experience. As we went closer to the falls, the noise of the water slowly grew louder and louder. Then, right before our eyes, the waterfall appeared. It went on for as far as the eye could see. Later, we sat in a special pool at the top of the falls. There, we felt the water rush past us and become a part of the waterfall. It was the scariest but also the most amazing experience of our trip!
3. Production:话题输出与合作交流(4d)
(1)对比提问设计:①示范引导:教师呈现对比提问示例,如:“What is the highest mountain in the world Which desert is bigger, the Sahara or the Taklimakan ”,引导学生模仿用比较级/最高级设计问题。
②小组练习:学生两人一组,结合自然奇观主题(如河流、沙漠、山脉),根据模板设计3-5个对比问题,教师巡视指导,纠正语法与表达错误。
What is the highest...
Which desert is bigger, ... or ...
(2)结对问答:小组内互相提问并回答,要求回答中包含具体数据或特征描述,教师提供表达支架:
A: Hi, Li Hao. What is the most crowded square in town
B: Hello, Li Ming! Xingfu Square is the most crowded, and there're lots of people anytime.
A: Do you often go to the movies
B: Yes. I often go to Guangming Movie Theatre.
A: Oh, is it the best movie theatre in town
B: Sure. It has the most comfortable seats.
A: Which supermarket is closer to your home, Leshi Supermarket or Gaoda Supermarket
B: Leshi Supermarket. And the things there are cheaper and better.
A: I will go there next time.
(3)展示分享:邀请2-3组学生进行课堂展示,教师从语法准确性、问题设计合理性、表达流畅度等方面给予点评。
(三)语言点精讲
1. Visiting one of the world’s largest waterfalls was a magical experience.
游览世界上最大的瀑布之一是一次神奇的经历。
experience [可数名词] (一次)经历,体验
experience [不可数名词] 经验
experience [及物动词] 经历
2. It went on for as far as the eye could see. 它一眼望不到头。
as far as 远到……;直到……;就…… 而言
as far as I know 据我所知
as far as I can see 依我看
(四)即时练习
1.完成句子。
为了保持健康,我爷爷每天至少走一万步。
To keep fit, my grandpa walks at least ten thousand/10,000 steps every day.
这两座城市之间的公路长2,165千米。
The road between the two cities is two thousand one hundred and sixty-five kilometres long.
你知道芜湖占地面积约6009平方千米吗?
Do you know Wuhu is about six thousand and nine square kilometers in size
根据一份报告,到2026年,人工智能将取代全球8500万多个工作岗位。
According to a report, AI will take the place of over eighty-five million jobs worldwide by 2026.
我们学校的新餐厅可以容纳四百九十个学生同时就餐。
The new dining hall at our school can hold four hundred and ninety students to eat at the same time.
2.用所给词的适当形式填空。
He is more careful (careful) than his deskmate when doing homework.
This is the easiest (easy) question on the whole test paper.
The weather in winter is becoming colder (cold) day by day.
The harder (hard) you work at your lessons, the better you will be.
This big box is three times bigger (big) than that small one.
She is the happiest (happy) girl in our class because she has many good friends.
He sings much worse (badly) than the other students in the contest.
She reads the most quickly (quickly) among all the students in our class.
There is less (little) water in this bottle than in that one.
(五)课堂小结与作业
1.课堂小结:师生共同回顾本节课核心内容:
比较级/最高级的变化规则与用法。
大数字的读写、换算规则。
对比提问设计与自然奇观话题交流。
2.作业布置:用比较级/最高级描述一处自然奇观,包含3个以上数据,60词左右。
七、板书设计
Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Section A (4a-4d)
1.大数字读写
核心基数词:hundred、thousand、million、billion
书写:三位分节(1,234,567)
换算:万 = 10 thousand;亿 = 100 million;十亿 = 1 billion
朗读:带零加and(1,005→one thousand and five)
2.比较级 / 最高级
(1)规则变化
①一般在词尾加-er,-est。
②以不发音的e结尾加-r,-st。
③以重读闭音节结尾,双写尾字母,再加-er,-est。
④以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加-er,-est。
⑤多音节和部分双音节词,词前加more,most。
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good / well better best
many / much more most
bad / badly worse worst
little (少) less least
old older / elder oldest / eldest
far farther / further farthest / furthest
3.对比提问模板
What is the + 最高级 + 地理事物 + in the world
Which + 地理事物 + is + 比较级,A or B
八、教学反思
1.本节课通过语法讲解、专项练习、话题输出等环节,有效落实了语法教学目标,学生能基本掌握比较级/最高级与大数字读写规则,完成基础练习任务。但部分学生在“万/亿”换算与带零大数朗读上仍有困难,需在后续教学中增加专项训练。
2.对比提问环节学生参与度较高,但部分学生设计的问题缺乏逻辑性,表达不够流畅,需提供更多问题支架与范例,引导学生结合具体数据设计有意义的对比问题。
3.文化意识目标的渗透较为自然,通过世界自然奇观数据对比,让学生了解不同地区的自然特征,但可补充自然奇观保护的相关内容,强化学生的环保意识。
4.针对易错点(如最高级前漏加the、数字换算错误),可设计趣味闯关游戏,让学生在互动中强化记忆,减少错误。

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