资源简介

　FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
教材原文助读1
①range [reInd ] n．一系列；范围、界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化
range from...to...包括从……到……之间
a range of一系列的，各种各样的
②origin [' rId In] n．起源；起因；出身
③religion [rI'lId n] n．宗教；宗教信仰
④figure ['fIɡ (r)] n．人物；数字；身材 vt.认为；认定
⑤charm [t ɑ m] n．魅力；迷人的特征；咒语
charming adj.迷人的，可爱的
⑥joy [d I] n．高兴；喜悦
joyful ['d Ifl] adj.高兴的；快乐的
⑦gratitude ['ɡr tItju d] n．感激之情；感谢
⑧common adj.常见的，普通的
⑨harvest ['hɑ vIst] n．收获季节；
收获；收成vi.& vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼)
⑩agricultural [ ɡrI'k lt r l]
adj.农业(劳动/生产)
agriculture [' ɡrIk lt (r)] n.农业；农艺
take place举行；发生
crop [kr p] n．庄稼；作物；一季的收成
gather ['ɡ (r)] vi.聚集；集合
vt.聚集；搜集；收割
grateful ['ɡreItfl] adj.感激的；
表示感谢的
feature ['fi t (r)] vt.以……为特色 n．特色；特征；特点
decorate ['dek reIt] vt.装饰；装潢
decorate...with...用……装饰……
church [t t ] n．(基督教的)
教堂；礼拜堂
get together聚在一起
significant [sIɡ'nIfIk nt] adj.有重大意义的；显著的
over time随着时间的推移
fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱
fade [feId] vi.& vt.逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱
typical ['tIpIkl] adj.典型的；
有代表性的；平常的
be typical of是……的特点；
典型的……
firecracker ['faI kr k (r)] n.
鞭炮；爆竹
evil ['i vl] adj.邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的 n．邪恶；罪恶；恶行
in spite [spaIt] of不管；尽管
religious [rI'lId s] adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的
commercial [k 'm l] adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的
commerce n．商业；商务；贸易
take advantage of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜
medium ['mi di m] n．(pl. media)
媒介；手段；方法adj.中等的；中号的
the media大众传播媒介
social media社交媒体
commercialise (NAmE also -ize)
[k 'm laIz] vt.使商业化；
利用……牟利
commercialisation(NAmE also-ization) [k m laI'zeI n] n．商业化
be good for对……有好处
reflect [rI'flekt] vt.显示；反映；反射
reflection n．反射；沉思；映像
belief [bI'li f] n．信仰；信心；信任
faith [feIθ] n．宗教信仰；信任；相信
an attitude towards/to对……的态度
occasion [ 'keI n] n．特别的事情
(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会
forget about忘记
for a little while一会儿
have sth. in common (兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征
WHY DO WE CELEBRATE FESTIVALS
Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range① of origins②， such as the seasons of the year, religions③， famous figures④， and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms⑤. However，[1]no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy⑥， gratitude⑦， love, or peace is common⑧ in all festivals.
[1]此处是no matter how引导的让步状语从句。
Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest⑨ festival can be found in almost every culture. This important agricultural⑩ festival takes place after all the crops [2]have been gathered in. [3]People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
[2]此处是现在完成时的被动语态。
[3]本句中动词不定式短语“to show that...food”作目的状语，其中that引导宾语从句。
Customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time . With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children, in spite of its religious origins.
Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, [4]with businesses taking advantage ofthe celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialised, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness.
[4]此处是with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。
Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand [5]where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
[5]此处where we came from、 who we are、 what to appreciate均为understand的宾语，其中where和who均引导宾语从句，而what to appreciate为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构。
我们为什么
庆祝节日？
世界各地都庆祝各种节日。它们的由来五花八门，比如一年的四季、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。每个节日都有其不同的风俗和独特的魅力。然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在世界各地，分享快乐、感激、友爱或和平的精神是所有节日共有的。
在所有的传统节日中，丰收节几乎可见于每一种文化之中。这个重要的农业节日会在所有庄稼收割完毕后举行。人们举行庆祝活动，对这一年食物的馈赠表达感谢。在古埃及，人们于春季(即埃及的丰收季)庆祝丰收节。庆祝活动以游行和丰盛的筵席为特色，筵席上有音乐、舞蹈以及体育活动。如今，一些欧洲国家的人们用鲜花和水果装饰教堂和市政厅，大家聚在一起共享大餐，以示庆祝。在中国的中秋节期间，家家户户欢聚一堂，观赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。
风俗在节日中扮演着重要的角色，但有时也会随时间而变化。随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统习俗可能会渐渐消失，而另一些传统习俗则可能得以建立。中国春节燃放鞭炮以驱鬼神、贺新年这一典型风俗就是一个例子。如今，为了避免空气污染，许多大城市早已摒弃这一风俗。另一个例子是万圣节，虽然起源于宗教，但它渐渐成了孩子们尽情玩乐的一个节日。
随着商家对这些庆祝活动的利用，节日正变得越来越商业化。在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序给人们为至亲至爱花更多的钱购买礼物带来了极大的方便。尽管一些人认为节日不应该被商业化，但是也有人认为消费增长有利于(提高)经济和公众幸福感。
节日是社会的一个重要组成部分。它们反映了人们的愿望、信仰、信念以及对生活的态度。它们是让我们放松心情、享受生活、暂时忘却工作的时刻。它们帮助我们了解我们来自何方、我们是谁、我们应该感恩什么。如果你仔细研究各种节日，你会惊奇地发现，不同文化之间实际上有很多共同之处。
教材原文助读2
①inner ['In (r)] adj.
内部的；里面的；内心的
②autonomous [ 't n m s]
adj.自治的；有自治权的
③region ['ri d n] n.
地区；区域；地带
regional adj.地区的；局部的
④for the first time
第一次
⑤fall on落到；适逢
⑥represent [ reprI'zent] vt.象征；代表；相当于
⑦wrestling ['reslI ] n.
摔跤运动
wrestling competition
摔跤比赛
⑧archery ['ɑ t ri] n.
射箭术；射箭运动
⑨set off出发；动身；启程；燃放
⑩fancy ['f nsi] adj.
花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt.想要；倾慕；自认
为是
robe [r b] n．袍服；
礼袍
take photographs照相
near and far远近；
四面八方
opening ceremony
开幕式
round n．轮，回合
wrestler ['resl (r)] n.
摔跤运动员
be separated by
被……分离
eagle ['i ɡl] n．雕
be moved by
被……感动
grace [ɡreIs] n．优美；优雅；高雅
absolutely [' bs lu tli]
adv.绝对地；完全地
absolute adj.绝对的；完全的
moment ['m m nt]
n．片刻；瞬间
at the heart of
位于……的核心
traditional adj.传统的，习俗的
tent [tent] n．帐篷
pot [p t] n．罐；壶；锅
hot pot火锅
MY AMAZING NAADAM EXPERIENCE
I experienced the Naadam Festival in China's Inner① Mongolia Autonomous② Region③ for the first time④ this year. The festival falls on⑤ the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, [1]usually lasting for three days. Naadam means “games” in Mongolian, and it is represented⑥ by three events: horse racing, wrestling⑦， and archery⑧， which are all so exciting to watch!
[1]此处是现在分词短语作状语，句子主语festival与last之间为主动关系。
On the first day, I set off⑨ to the games early with my friend Burin. I saw a lot of people wearing fancy⑩ Mongolian robes . Some were feeding their horses, some were practising archery, and others were chatting or taking photographs . Burin told me that Mongolians travel every year from near and far to attend the festival, just as their ancestors had done for centuries.
After the opening ceremony and some amazing performances, the wrestling competition began. Mongolian wrestling is different from the wrestling in the Olympic Games. There are no rounds ， and wrestlers are not separated by weight. The wrestler loses if any part of his body above his knee touches the ground. After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, [2]waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles . I was quite moved by their show of strength and grace .
[2]此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中as if引导方式状语从句，从句使用了虚拟语气。
I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. However, I was surprised to see that the riders were boys and girls! [3]I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther. At first, I was a little worried about the children's safety, but Burin said, “Don't worry. [4]They've been riding horses all their lives. They'll be just fine.” [5]That was the moment I started to understand why people say “Horses are at the heart of Mongolian culture”．...
[3]本句中heard后为宾语从句，从句中又包含because引导的表语从句。
[4]此处是现在完成进行时，表示一个始于过去的动作到现在刚刚完成，或表示动作会一直持续下去。
[5]本句是一个主从复合句。“I started to understand...”为省略关系词的定语从句，从句中又包含why引导的宾语从句。
I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but [6]celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and eat hot pot. I can't wait!
[6]此处是单个动词-ing短语celebrating Naadam with my friend作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
我的“那达慕”大会
的奇妙经历
今年，我第一次体验了中国内蒙古自治区的“那达慕”大会。这个节日于每年农历六月初四开始，通常持续三天。“那达慕”在蒙古语中的意思是“游戏”，它以赛马、摔跤和射箭三个项目为代表，每个项目都动人心魄！
在(“那达慕”大会的)第一天，我和我的朋友布林早早地出发来到了会场。我看到许多人穿着精致的蒙古袍。有的在喂马，有的在练习射箭，其他人则在聊天或拍照。布林告诉我，像他们的祖先几个世纪以来所做的那样，蒙古人每年都会从四面八方赶来参加这个节日。
在开幕式和几项精彩的表演之后，摔跤比赛开始了。蒙古式摔跤与奥运会的摔跤比赛有所不同：它不分回合，摔跤手也不分体重级别。如果膝盖以上的任何部位着地，那这个摔跤手就输了。几首歌唱毕，选手们开始在草地上翩翩起舞，在空中挥舞着他们的双臂，宛如雄鹰。这刚柔并济的表演深深地打动了我。
我也非常喜欢射箭，但赛马是我最喜爱的部分。然而，看到赛马选手们都是男孩和女孩，我十分惊讶！我听说这是因为儿童体重更轻，马儿也能跑得更快、更远。刚开始的时候，我有点担心这些孩子的安全，但布林说：“别担心，他们是在马背上长大的，不会有事的。”我顿时明白了为什么人们说“马是蒙古族文化的核心”了。……
我现在已经回到了家，感觉十分疲惫，但能和我的朋友一起庆祝“那达慕”，再累也是值得的。他邀请我冬天再去，住传统的蒙古包，吃火锅。我已经迫不及待了！
　MORALS AND VIRTUES
教材原文助读3
①precious ['pre s] adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
②entrust [In'tr st] vt.委托；交付
entrust sb. with sth.
把某事托付/委托给某人
③carry sb. through sth.
帮助某人渡过难关
④affect vt.影响；侵袭；感染
be affected by 受……影响
⑤marriage ['m rId ] n．结婚；婚姻
⑥majority [m 'd r ti] n．大部分；大多数
the majority of 大多数
minority n．少数；少数群体
⑦complain [k m'pleIn]
vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
complaint n. 抱怨；投诉
⑧tuition [tju'I n] n．(小组)
教学；讲课
⑨fee [fi ] n．专业服务费；报酬
tuition fees 学费
⑩respond [rI'sp nd] vt.回答；回复 vi. 做出反应；回应
response [rI'sp ns] n．反应；
回答；回复
would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
union ['ju ni n] n．协会；
联合会；工会
scholarship ['sk l Ip] n.
奖学金
hire ['haI (r)] vt.聘任；
雇用；租用 n．租借；租用
resident physician 住院医师
physician [fI'z I n] n.
医师；(尤指)内科医生
position n．职位；职务；姿势
colleague ['k li ɡ] n.
同事；同僚
reject [rI'd ekt] vt.拒绝接受；不录用
home n．家；故乡；栖息地；
发源地
at home 在国内
home and abroad 国内外
appoint [ 'p Int] vt.任命；委派
director n．主任；导演；
负责人；董事
department n．科；部门
in need of 需要
clinic ['klInIk] n．诊所；
门诊部　
reduce vt.减少
at times 有时
faraway ['fɑ r weI] adj.
遥远的
medical care 医疗护理
play a key role 发挥关键作用
elect [I'lekt] vt.选举；推选
election [I'lek n] n．选举；
推选；当选
decade ['dekeId] n. 十年；
十年期
elsewhere [ els'we (r)] adv.
在别处；去别处
tend [tend] vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
publish ['p blI ] vt.发表(作品)；出版
care for 照顾；喜欢
staff [stɑ f] n．员工；全体职员
be responsible for 对……负责
treat...as...把……看作/视为……
be known as 被称为；
作为……而闻名
deliver vt.接生；发表；递送
retire [rI'taI (r)] vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出
not...until...直到……才……
saving ['seIvI ] n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.] 储蓄金；存款
kindergarten ['kInd ɡɑ tn]
n．学前班；幼儿园
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
“Life is precious①. ...To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust② me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired？” These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us [1]a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through③ a life of hard choices．
[1]此处“the heart of this amazing woman”和“what carried...choices”共同作介词into的宾语，what在宾语从句中作主语。
As a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected④ by her mother's death. At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage⑤ [2]like the majority⑥ of girls, she chose to work and study. “Why should girls learn so much [3]Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained⑦， thinking of the high tuition⑧ fees⑨. She responded⑩， “I'd rather stay single to study all my life！” Later, she went on to study medicine as she has wished.
[2]此处是介词短语作状语。
[3]本句中的“Finding a good husband”是动词-ing 短语作主语；“thinking of the high tuition fees”是现在分词短语作状语。
In 1929, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship ， the highest prize given to graduates. She immediately became [4]the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years, she was sent to study in Europe and then, in 1939, in the US. She greatly impressed her American colleagues ， [5]who invited her to stay. Dr Lin, however, rejected the offer. She wanted to serve the women and children at home .
[4]此处表示序数词或被序数词修饰的名词通常用动词不定式作后置定语。
[5]此处是who引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词her American colleagues 进行补充说明。
In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months later, the department was closed because of the war. [6]Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
[7]The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. In 1954, she was elected to the first National People's Congress and, over the next several decades, she held many important positions. Her heart, however, was elsewhere. [8]She was more interested in tendingpatients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors. “The OB-GYN department cares for two lives，” she told new staff in her department. “As doctors, we should be responsible for the patients and treat them as our sisters.”
[7]本句中saw的主语是The new People's Republic of China，物作主语，saw是拟人的用法。有相似用法的词还有witness、find等。
[8]本句是由and连接的三个动词-ing短语作并列宾语。
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime. Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983. Since she had no children of her own, she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. And even as she lay dying, her final thoughts were for others. “I'm ready to go，” she said. “Don't try to rescue me any more. Don't waste the medicine any more.”
万婴之母
“生命是宝贵的……对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更宝贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我， 我怎么能拒绝这种信任，说我又冷又饿又累呢？”林巧稚医生的这些话使我们得以窥见这名非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
林巧稚五岁时，她的母亲去世，这对她影响极大。十八岁时，她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上传统的婚姻道路，而是选择了工作和学习。“女孩子为什么要读那么多书？找一个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。她回答道：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”后来，如她所愿，她继续学医。
1929年，林巧稚从北京协和医学院毕业，并获得了该校毕业生的最高荣誉奖——“文海”奖学金。她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。不到六个月，她被任命为首席住院医师，晋升这一职位通常需要四年时间。工作了几年之后，她被派往欧洲学习，之后于1939年又赴美学习。美国同事对她印象极佳，邀请她留下。但是，林医生谢绝了邀请。她希望服务于祖国的妇女和儿童。
1941年，林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任，但是仅仅数月之后，妇产科就因为战争而关闭。想到还有那么多人需要帮助，林医生开办了一家私人诊所。她向病人收取的治疗费用极低，而且经常为穷苦病人减免费用。有时，人们甚至会看到她骑着一头毛驴去偏远的乡村给人看病。
中华人民共和国见证了林巧稚医生发挥的关键作用。1954年，她当选第一届全国人大代表，在随后的几十年里，她担任了许多重要的职位。然而，她的心却在别处。她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果并培养下一代医生。“妇产科救治的是母婴两条生命，”她对科室新入职的医务人员说道，“作为医生，我们必须对患者负责，视她们如姐妹。”
虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。由于自己没有孩子，她把积蓄捐给了一家幼儿园和一项新医生基金。临终时，她仍在为别人着想。“我要走了，”她说，“不要再抢救我了，不要再浪费药品了。”
教材原文助读4
① once upon a time 从前
② disguise [d s'ɡa z]
vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖
n．伪装；化装用具
in disguise 伪装；乔装
③maple ['me pl] n.
枫树；槭树
④ cart [kɑ t] n．手推车；运货马车
shopping cart 购物车
⑤ crash into 撞上
⑥ spill [sp l] vt.& vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出
It's no use crying over spilt milk.
(谚)覆水难收。
⑦ pick oneself up
(跌倒后)站起来
⑧ come along出现；
一起来
⑨ trip over被……绊倒
⑩ limp [l mp] vi.跛行；
一瘸一拐地走
in tears流着泪；
含着泪
tear [t (r)] n．眼泪；
泪水
neither...nor...
既不……也不……
make an attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事
in despair 处于绝望中
despair [d 'spe (r)] n.
绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望
responsibility n．责任
keep...from...
阻止……免受……
harm [hɑ m] n．& vt.
伤害；损害
do harm to 对……有害
see sb. doing sth.
看到某人正在做某事
say to oneself 自言
自语
a danger to 对……是一种危险
might [ma t] n．力量；威力(might在此处用作名词，还可作情态动词，表示“可能”)
a great deal (of) 大量
succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事
step out 走出
belong to 属于(to 是介词)
if not 如果不是这样的话；不然，否则
lesson n．[熟词生义]经验；教训
THE STONE IN THE ROAD
Once upon a time①there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation [1]whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems．” One day, he had an idea.
[1]此处是whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词a nation。
Early one morning, the king disguised②himself and went to a local village. He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone. Then he hid behind a huge maple③ tree and watched.
The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart④. He crashed into⑤ the stone, [2]spilling⑥ the milk everywhere．“What fool put this stone here？” he shouted. He picked himself up⑦ and angrily went away.
After a while, a group of women came along⑧， [3]each balancing a pot of water on her head．One woman tripped over⑨ the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. She picked herself up and limped⑩ away in tears . Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
[3]此处是独立主格结构，each是逻辑主语，相当于“each of whom balanced a pot of water on her head”。
The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone, but he found nobody making an attempt to move it. The king was in despair .“Is there no one in this village [4]who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm ？”
[4]此处是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词no one。 其中“to keep their neighbours from harm”是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰responsibility。
Just then, the king saw a young girl coming along. She was the daughter of a local farmer.She had been working all day and was very tired. But when she saw the stone, she said to herself ， “This stone is a danger to anyone [5] who comes down the street after dark. I'll move it out of the way.”
[5]此处是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词anyone, anyone who 可以用whoever替换。
The girl pushed the stone with all her might.After a great deal ofeffort, she finally succeeded in movingit to the side of the street. Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins [6]where the stone had been!
Just then, the king stepped outfrom behind the tree. “Oh sir，” the girl said, “does this gold belong toyou [7]If not, we surely must find the owner, for he will certainly miss it.”
[7]本句中的“If not”是if省略句，for 为并列连词，连接两个并列句，for意为“因为”，表示原因。
The king said, “My dear, the gold is mine. I put it in the road and moved the stone over it. [8]Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lessonI wanted to teach my people.”
[8]本句中的because引导的原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the only person; “I wanted to teach my people”是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the lesson。
挡道的石头
从前有一个国王，他经常思考：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，并且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。”有一天，他想到一个办法。
一天清晨，国王乔装打扮一番后，来到了当地的一个村庄。他把一块大石头放在了主路的中间，并且在石头下面藏了一些金币。然后，他就躲在一棵大枫树后面观察。
路上走来的第一个人是推着手推车的送奶工。他撞在石头上，把牛奶洒得到处都是。“哪个傻瓜把石头放在这里了？”他大喊道。他站起来，生气地离开了。
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。一个女人被石头绊倒了，她的水罐也摔到地上。她站起来，一瘸一拐地哭着走了。她和她的朋友们都没想过把石头从道路中间挪开。
国王观察了一整天，看到很多人都埋怨这块石头，却发现没人试着把它挪开。国王陷入了绝望。“难道这个村子里没有人觉得自己有责任不让他们的邻居受到伤害吗？”
就在那时，国王看到一个小姑娘走过来。她是当地一位农民的女儿。她忙活了一天，疲惫不堪。但当她看到那块石头时，她自言自语道：“对于天黑以后走在这条路上的人来说，这块石头很危险，我得把它从这条路上挪开。”
女孩使出了全身力气去推石头。经过一番努力，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。想象一下，当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶！
此时，国王从树后走了出来。“哦，先生，”女孩说道，“这些金币是您的吗？如果不是的话，我们必须找到失主，因为他一定会发现它不见了。”
国王答道：“亲爱的，金币是我的，是我把它放在了路上，然后把石头压在上面。现在，金币是你的了，因为我想教给我的人民的道理，只有你一人学会了。”
　DIVERSE CULTURES
教材原文助读5
①admit [ d'mIt] vi. & vt.承认 vt.准许进入
(或加入)　
②definitely ['defIn tli]
adv.肯定；确实
③be able to 能，能够
④occur [ 'k (r)] vi.
发生；出现
It occurs/occurred to sb. that...某人忽然想到……
⑤downtown [ da n'ta n]
adv. 在市中心；往市中心
⑥mission['mI n] n．传教(区)；重要任务；使命
⑦used to be 过去是(暗含现在的情况已经发生变化)
be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事
be used to do...被用来做……
⑧graffiti [ɡr 'fi ti] n.
[pl.] 涂鸦；胡写乱画
⑨comic ['k mIk] n.
连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员
adj. 滑稽的；使人发笑的
⑩afterwards ['ɑ ft w dz]
(NAmE usually afterward) adv. 以后；后来
a mix of ……的混合
head to (朝……)
前进；(向……)去
head for/towards
朝……前进
historical [hI'st rIkl]
adj. (有关)历史的
a gold rush 淘金热
seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
seek [si k] vt.& vi.
寻找；寻求；争取；
(向人)请求
seek to do 尝试/尽力做
seek advice from sb.
向某人征求建议
earn/make a living
(＝earn/make one's living)
谋生
earn [ n] vt. & vi.
挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
open up 打开(建筑物
的门)；开发；开设；开封(瓶盒)；拆开(包裹、信封)
Chinatown 唐人街，
中国城
immigrant ['ImIɡr nt]
n．(外来) 移民；外侨
select [sI'lekt] vt.
选择；挑选；选拔
selection n．挑选，选拔
serve vt. 服务；端上
(饭菜、茶等)；供应；
可用作
serve as 充当；用作
china ['t aIn ] n．瓷；
瓷器
a china vase 瓷花瓶
jazz [d z] n．爵士乐
bar [bɑ (r)] n．酒吧；
小吃店；小馆子
Wednesday, 21 June
Today was my first day back in San Francisco after camping in the Redwood Forest and visiting the wine country of Napa Valley. [1] I have to admit① that it definitely② feels good to be back in the city again. [2]And what a city—a city that was able to③ rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred④ in 1906.[3] There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.
[1]本句为复合句。句中that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中it作形式主语，to be back in the city again作真正的主语。
[2]本句中包含两个that引导的定语从句，分别修饰先行词a city和the earthquake，并均在从句中作主语，that不能省略。
[3]“There are...buildings”为there be句型；“many sitting on top of big hills”为独立主格结构。
My hotel is near downtown⑤， in the Mission⑥ District, one of the oldest parts of the city. Many of the people [4]living here are from Mexico or Central America. This district used to be⑦ a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food. In fact, an art movement [5]called the “Mission School” started here. It's influenced by graffiti⑧ art and comic⑨ art. I walked around [6]looking at the street art for a few hours. It was quite modern and lively. Afterwards⑩， I ate some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck. A real mix of cultures here!
[4]此处为现在分词短语作后置定语，因为被修饰词people 和 live之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。
[5]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，因为被修饰词 movement 和 call之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。
[6]此处为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
　In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum [7]that showed the historical changes in California. I learnt that America got California from Mexico in 1848. In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, [8]which started a gold rush . Over 300, 000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune ， and San Francisco quickly became a big city. Many Chinese arrived during this period. [9]To earn a living ， some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown . Many others found jobs on farms, joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that joined California to the eastern region of the country. The museum did a really good job of showing how America was built by immigrants from different countries and cultures. When these immigrants left their countries, they carried a bit of home in their hearts, and built a new home here.
[7]此处为that 引导的定语从句，指物，并在从句中作主语，that可替换为 which, 但不能省略。
[8]此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which 指代主句的内容。
[9]此处为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
This evening, I went to Chinatown. [10]There were so many good cafés and restaurants to choose from. I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china plates. What great food!
[10]本句为there be句型，其中to choose from 为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 cafés and restaurants；choose from表示“从……中选择”。
That's enough for today. Tomorrow evening, I'm going to a jazz bar in the Richmond District. Can't wait！
6月21日，星期三
在红杉林露营并参观了纳帕谷酒乡后，今天是我回到旧金山的第一天。我不得不承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座得以在1906年发生地震后重建的城市。这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。
我住的旅馆靠近市中心，位于教会区，这是旧金山最古老的街区之一。住在这里的许多居民来自墨西哥或中美洲。这个区过去是城里的一个贫困区域，而现在是艺术、音乐和美食中心。事实上，一场名为“教会派”的艺术运动就发源于此。这一运动深受涂鸦艺术和漫画艺术的影响。一连好几个小时，我四处走着，欣赏着街头艺术。这些艺术十分现代，也很生动。随后，我吃了一份快餐车售卖的美味的墨西哥式中国面。这真是文化的交融啊！
下午，我前往当地的一家博物馆，博物馆展示了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。我了解到，1848年美国从墨西哥手中得到加利福尼亚。同年，旧金山附近发现黄金，引发了淘金热。30多万人从世界各地蜂拥而至，在这里寻找他们的致富道路，旧金山迅速成为一座大都市。很多中国人也在这个时期来到此地。为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店和餐馆。更多的人则在农场打工、加入淘金大军，或者参与修建加利福尼亚通往美国东部地区的铁路。这家博物馆完美地展示了美国是如何由不同国家和文化的移民建立起来的。当这些移民离开他们的祖国时，他们心中装着一片故土，并在这里建立了新的家园。
今晚，我去了唐人街。这里有很多不错的咖啡馆和餐馆可供选择。我挑了一家粤菜馆，他们端出来的菜肴是放在精美的瓷盘上的。多么好吃的食物啊！
今天就写到这里吧。明天晚上，我要去里士满区的一家爵士乐酒吧。我已经迫不及待了！
教材原文助读6
①tourist draw 旅游胜地
②climate ['klaIm t] n.
气候
③mild [maIld] adj.
温和的；和善的；轻微的
mildly adv. 温和地；
适度地
④all year round＝all year around＝throughout the year 一年到头，整年
⑤settle ['setl] vt.& vi.
定居；结束(争论)；
解决(纠纷)
settle in 安顿下来
settle down 定居
⑥ construction [k n'str k n]
n．建筑；建造；建造物；
(句子、短语等的)结构
under construction
正在建设中(表示正在进行的动作，包含被动含义)
⑦residential area 住宅区，
居民区
⑧the majority of
大多数
⑨rebuild vt. 重建；
使恢复
⑩take care to do sth.
小心做某事
legendary adj. 传奇的，传说的
material [m 'tI ri l]
n. 材料；布料；素材
adj. 物质的；实际的
to name but a few
仅举几例
不定式短语作插入语：
to be frank 坦率地说
to be honest 老实说
to tell you the truth
说实话
to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是
spend time(in) doing sth. 花时间做某事
key adj.关键的，
主要的
a key university
一所重点大学
tai chi [ taI 't i ]
(also t'ai chi)
太极拳
a range of 一系列
clothing ['kl I ]n.衣服；服装
herbal ['h bl] adj.
药草的；香草的
Chinese herbal medicine 中草药
varieties of 各种各
样的　
treasure vt. 珍惜；
珍爱
suit [sju t; NAmE also
su t] vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身
n. 西服；套装
suitable adj. 合适的；
适宜的
(at) first hand 第一手；亲自
WELCOME TO CHINATOWN!
The Chinatown in San Francisco is the biggest in America, and also the oldest.It is a very popular tourist draw① [1] that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge. The climate②is mild③all year round④，[2]meaning it is always a good time to visit．
[1]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词tourist draw。
[2]此处为现在分词短语作状语，其中动词不定式to visit作定语，修饰a good time。
[3]Historically, Chinese immigrants settled⑤in the area during the railroad construction⑥and gold rush period.[4]What started as a residential area⑦for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. The majority of⑧residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，[5]many of whom do not speak English fluently. This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China.
[3]此处为副词位于句首作状语，修饰后面的整个句子。
[4]本句中What引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语；turned into作主句的谓语。
[5]此处为“不定代词/数词/名词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词ethnic Chinese 进行补充说明。
Most of Chinatown was destroyed in the 1906 earthquake, but the city and residents rebuilt⑨it, [6]taking care to⑩include lots of Chinese architecture. Traditionally, visitors enter Chinatown through the legendary Dragon Gate, [7]which was built using materials donated from China. Other famous sites include the Tin How Temple and Bank of Canton, to name but a few . Visitors can also spend hours just exploring the interesting sights, smells, and sounds of China. Portsmouth Square is also a key site，[8]being the centre of Chinatown． It has a long and famous history, [9]with the author Robert Louis Stevenson having spent much time writing there. These days, the square is a great place [10]to see traditional Chinese culture in real life, such as games of Chinese chess, and people practising tai chi .
[6]此处为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[7]此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词Dragon Gate进行补充说明；“using materials...”为现在分词短语作方式状语；donated from China为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰materials。
[8]此处为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[9]此处为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语(现在分词)”结构作状语。
[10]此处为动词不定式短语作定语，修饰a great place。
The stores in the Chinatown offer a unique range of souvenirs, goods, and clothing .[11]All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too, and there are Chinese tea stores, where visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea.
[11]本句中and连接两个并列分句；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese tea stores，在从句中作地点状语。
But perhaps [12]what many tourists and San Franciscans treasuremost about Chinatown is its food.[13]There is Chinese food to suiteveryone's taste, with traditional dishes from all over China.
[12]此处为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作treasure的宾语。
[13]本句为there be句型。其中with复合结构作伴随状语，介词短语from all over China作宾语补足语。　
Chinatowns are an important part of the diverse culture of the USA. They allow visitors [14]who have never been to China to experience traditional Chinese culture first hand.
[14]此处为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词visitors。
唐人街欢迎您！
旧金山的唐人街在美国是规模最大、历史也最悠久的。这里是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，每年接待的游客甚至比金门大桥还多。这里全年气候温和，这意味着任何时候都适宜来游览。
历史上，在修筑铁路和淘金热时期，来自中国的移民就定居于此。这里原本是中国移民的居住地，后来变成了中国文化的中心。唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们很多人英语说得并不流利。这能让游客体验到正宗的中国味。
唐人街的大部分建筑毁于1906年的大地震，但是这座城市和居民重建了它，并且特地融入了诸多中国建筑(元素)。传统上，游客从具有传奇色彩的龙门进入唐人街，龙门的建筑材料是由中国捐赠的。其他的著名景点还有天后古庙、广东银行等，不胜枚举。游客亦可花上数小时，一探此地有趣的中国景致、味道与声音。作为唐人街的中心，花园角广场也是一个重要景点。广场历史悠久，声名远扬，作家罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森曾长居于此进行创作。如今，该广场已经成为一个在现实生活中欣赏中国传统文化的好地方，比如下中国象棋和人们练习太极拳。
唐人街的商店出售各具特色的纪念品、货物和衣服。此外，各种各样的传统中草药也(随处)可见，这里还有中国茶叶商店，游客可以在这里品尝和购买各种中国茶叶。
然而，很多游客和旧金山人最钟爱的或许是唐人街的美食。这里有着来自中国各地的传统菜，这些中国菜适合每个人的口味。
唐人街是美国多元文化的一个重要组成部分。它们让从未到过中国的游客亲身体验中国传统文化。
　SPACE EXPLORATION
教材原文助读7
①frontier ['fr ntI (r)] n.
边境；国界；边远地区
②look up at抬头看
③vehicle ['vi kl] n．交通工具；车辆
④suitable adj.合适的，适合的
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
⑤determined [dI't mInd] adj.
有决心的；意志坚定的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事
determine [dI't mIn] vt.
查明；确定；决定
⑥succeed in doing sth.成功做某事
⑦rocket ['r kIt] n．火箭；
火箭弹
⑧gravity ['ɡr v ti] n．重力；
引力
⑨satellite ['s t laIt] n．人造卫星；卫星
⑩launch [l nt ] vt.& n.
发射；发起；上市
orbit [' bIt] n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；
环绕……运行
focus on专注于；集中于
step onto走上；踏上
giant ['d aI nt] adj.巨大的；伟大的n.巨人；巨兽；伟人
leap [li p] n．跳跃；剧增；
剧变vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
mankind [m n'kaInd] n.
人类
agency ['eId nsi] n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；
代理处
agent n．代理人；代理商
transmit [tr ns'mIt] vt.& vi.传输；发送
transmission n．输送；传送
data ['deIt ] n．[pl.]资料；数据
on board在宇宙飞船上；
在船上；在飞机上
go wrong出错；出故障
spacecraft ['speIskrɑ ft] n．
航天器；宇宙飞船
mission n．任务
disappointment [ dIs 'p Intm nt]
n.失望；沮丧
disappointed [ dIs 'p IntId]
adj.失望的；沮丧的
disappoint vt.使……失望
disappointing adj.令人失望的
desire [dI'zaI (r)] n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
universe ['ju nIv s] n．宇宙；
天地万物
universal adj.普遍的
universally adv.普遍地
carry on继续做，坚持干
despite prep.尽管；虽然
make great progress取得很大进步
independently
[ IndI'pend ntli]
adv.独立地；自立地
independent [ IndI'pend nt]
adj.独立的；自立的
independence n．独立；自立
manned adj.载人的；
有人驾驶的
spacewalk ['speIsw k] n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
jade [d eId] n．玉；翡翠；玉器
signal ['sIɡn l] vt.& vi.
标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志
further study进一步研究
enable sb. to do sth.
使某人能够做某事
survive v．幸存；存活
SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER①
“Are we alone What's out there？” People have always looked up at② the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles③ to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable④ enough to support life.
Before the mid－20th century, most people felt[1] travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true. However, scientists were determined⑤ to realise that dream. After many experiments, they succeeded in⑥ making rockets⑦ that could escape Earth's gravity⑧. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite⑨ was launched⑩ by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961，[2] Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, [3]famously saying, “That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind .” Following this, there were many more important space achievements. For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space, and it still transmits data to this day. And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board .
[1]此处是省略连词that的宾语从句，其中travelling into space是动词-ing短语作主语；并且此宾语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a dream，that在从句中作主语。
[2]此处是“sb. be/become the first person to do...”结构，意为“某人是第一个做……的人”，动词不定式to do作后置定语。
[3]此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语，表明动作say与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts died during their missions. However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.[4] This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
[4]本句是一个复合句。“This is because...”意为“这是因为……”，because引导表语从句，其后接原因；despite the huge risks是“介词＋名词”作状语。
China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars. It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly [5]furthering our understanding of the universe．
The future of space exploration remains bright. Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
太空：最后的边境
“我们是孤家寡人吗？外面还有什么呢？”人们总是仰望星空，对太空充满好奇。如今，科学家们研制出飞行器将宇航员送入太空进行重大发现。太空探索已经取得了长足的进步，并且我们现在希望发现其他适合生命生存的行星。
二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行仅仅是一个永远无法实现的梦。然而，科学家们下定决心要实现这一梦想。很多次实验之后，他们成功制造出了能够摆脱地球引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“斯普特尼克一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。八年多后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，并说出了那句名言：“对一个人来说那是一小步；对人类来说却是一大步。”此后，还有许多更重要的太空成就。例如，为了深入研究外太空，美国国家航空与航天局于1977年9月5日发射“旅行者一号”，并且该探测器至今仍在传送数据。国际空间站(1998年)上有许多来自不同国家的宇航员，使人类在太空中持续生存成为可能。
虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。例如，“联盟11号”“挑战者号”以及“哥伦比亚号”航天飞机上的所有宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，探索宇宙的渴望却永不磨灭。这是因为尽管风险巨大，人们还是坚信继续太空探索的重要性。
中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内取得了很大进步。2003年，杨利伟搭乘“神舟五号”飞船成功环绕地球轨道飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。之后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车抵达月球，开展对月球表面的研究。2020年7月23日，中国发送“天问一号”探测火星表面。它于2021年2月到达，然后发回了许多有价值的信息。2021年至2022年，中国完成了许多火箭任务以建立自己的空间站。2022年，“梦天舱”的发射标志着“天宫空间站”的基本建成。这个现代化的空间站将允许宇航员进行许多重要的实验，极大地推动了我们对宇宙的理解。
太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。许多国家都已制订计划，将进一步研究火星、木星等行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望做出更有价值的发现，使人类能够在未来更好地生存。
教材原文助读8
①globe [ɡl b] n．地球；世界；地球仪
global adj.全球的，全球性的
②billions of 数十亿
③various adj.各种各样的；不同的
④argue ['ɑ ɡju ] vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论
argument ['ɑ ɡjum nt] n.
争论；争吵；论点
⑤waste＋金钱/时间(等)＋(in) doing sth. 浪费金钱/时间(等)做某事
⑥instead adv.代替；相反地
⑦the solution to ……的解决方法
the key to ……的钥匙/关键
the answer to ……的答案
the entrance to ……的入口
⑧fatal ['feItl] adj.致命的；灾难性的
fatal disease 绝症；不治之症
⑨shallow [' l ] adj.肤浅的；浅的
shallowly adv.肤浅地；浅地
⑩make a difference 有影响，有意义
result in 导致；造成
result from 由……引起
a number of 许多的；大量的(后接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数)
the number of ……的数量(后接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数)
pattern ['p tn] n．模式；图案；模范
be transmitted to 被传送到……
analysis [ 'n l sIs] n.(对事物的)分析；分析结果
analyse v．分析
analyst n．分析师
recommendation n．推荐；建议
recommend vt.推荐；建议
as a result 所以；结果(是)
as a result of 作为……的结果，由于
in one's efforts to do sth.
努力做某事
high-end adj.高端的
advanced adj.先进的；高端的
advance n．& v．进步；前进
meet the requirement(s) 满足要求
monitor ['m nIt (r)] n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
regularly ['reɡj l li] adv.经常；定期地
regular ['reɡj l (r)] adj.
定期的；经常的；正常的
foam [f m] n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫
pillow ['pIl ] n．枕头
smartphone ['smɑ tf n] n.智能手机
resource [rI's s] n．资源；财力；物力
limited ['lImItId] adj.有限的
limit v．& n．限制；限度
limitless adj.无限的
provide for sb.提供生活所需
provide sth.for sb.＝provide sb.with sth.为某人提供某物
at present 目前；现在
be close to 靠近
in closing最后
closing ['kl zI ] adj.结尾的；结束的n.停业；关闭；倒闭
short-term adj.短期的
long-term adj.长期的
in the short term 从短期来看
in the long term 从长远来看
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE
OF TIME AND MONEY
Countries around the globe① are spending billions of② dollars and lots of time on various③ space missions, [1]whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue④ that we should stop wasting time and money exploring⑤ space. Instead⑥， we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to⑦ other problems, such as pollution and fatal⑧ diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow⑨ view [2]which fails to realise how exploring space helps us．
[1]此处是“whether...or...”结构，意为“无论是……还是……”。
[2]此处是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词view；定语从句中又包含一个how引导的宾语从句。
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference⑩ in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns . Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis ， the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. [3]As a result ， space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population.
[3]本句是一个简单句。“to grow...”是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰its efforts；“to feed...”是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now [4]because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines [5]that doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products, such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives.
[4]此处“because of...”是介词短语作原因状语；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词advanced technology。
[5]此处是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词other machines。
Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them. [6]Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets.
[6]本句是一个复合句。“Seeing...a black sea”是动名词(短语)作主语；句中that引导宾语从句，作realise的宾语。
In closing， exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue [7]so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short-term and long-term problems．
[7]此处是“so as to...”结构作目的状语。
探索太空是浪费
时间和金钱吗？
世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是其他更远的星球。有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。相反，我们应该解决世界上穷人的温饱问题，并尽快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他问题的解决方案。然而，其他人认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的帮助。
首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于它。许多卫星记录着陆地与天气模式数据，然后把这些数据传送给地球上的科学家们。经过仔细分析，科学家们可以为农民提供有用的意见和建议。因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
其次，太空探索也推动了科技进步，使我们所有人受益。由于采用了先进的技术，目前全球高端产品的生产标准得以提高，而这些技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而研发出来的。例如，太空技术促进了各种新型材料的研发，还帮助一些公司制造出更好的心脏监测仪以及医生经常使用的其他设备。如今，太空技术广泛应用于各行各业，一些日用产品正在改变我们的生活，如记忆海绵枕头和智能手机摄像头等。
最后，将航天员送入太空促使人们思考全球问题，甚至去寻找办法来解决它们。看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，这使人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们的新家园的其他星球。目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球比较近。在未来，人类很可能居住在两个星球上。
总而言之，太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。因此，这项事业应该继续下去，以便为人类(面临)的短期问题和长期问题提供新而更好的解决方案。
　THE VALUE OF MONEY
教材原文助读9
①scene [si n]n.(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面
on the scene在现场；出现；到场　
②narrator [n 'reIt (r)]n.(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者；讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后解说员
narration [n 'reI n] n．叙述；讲述；解说
③bet [bet] n．打赌；赌注(bet，bet) vi.& vt.
下赌注；用……打赌
vt.敢说
make a bet打个赌
④doubt＋n./pron./
that/whether/if
怀疑……
⑤step inside走进
(＝walk in)
⑥servant ['s v nt] n.仆人；用人
serve v．服务；为……
服务；招待
⑦as a matter of fact事实上；其实；说真的(＝in fact/in reality/actually)
⑧land vi.到达；登陆
⑨by accident偶然地；
意外地(＝by chance)
by design/on purpose
故意地，有意地
⑩sail [seIl] vi.& vt.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行
find oneself done意为“发现某人自己被……”，是“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语(过去分词)”结构
spot [sp t] vt.看见；注意到；发现n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹
on the spot当场；立刻
consulate ['k nsj l t；
NAmE 'kɑ ns l t] n.
领事馆
seek help寻求帮助
seek＝look for/search for
dare [de (r)] vi.& modal v．胆敢；敢于
dare to do sth.敢于做某事　
advantage n．优点；优势
take advantage of利用
have an advantage over有优势；胜过，优于
follow vt.听懂，理解，
明白(＝understand)
sort [s t] n．种类；类别
a sort of 一种
sort of有几分；有点儿
mining ['maInI ] n.
采矿；采矿业
offer sb. sth.提供给某人某物(＝offer sth.to sb.)
patience ['peI ns] n.耐心；忍耐力；毅力
patient adj.有耐心的
n．病人
be patient with...对……
有耐心
to be honest说实话；坦率地说(＝honestly speaking)
luck n．运气，幸运(不可数名词)
What luck！多好的运气啊！
ought [ t] to应该；应当
care about关心；担心
care for喜欢；照顾
be about to do sth.即将或正要(做某事)
be about to do sth. when．..刚要做某事，
这时(突然)……
had better not do sth.最好别做某事
honest adj.辛勤挣得的；勤劳的
make an honest living老老实实过日子
show sb. out送某人出去
show sb.in带某人进来
show sb. around带领某人参观
in exactly an hour and a half正好一个半小时后
“in＋时间段”有两个
含义：在……时间以后；
在……时间以内
a half hour半小时
(＝half an hour)
THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE
ACT 1, SCENE①3
Narrator②：Two rich brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet③. Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts④ it. They see a poor young man walking outside their house. It is Henry Adams.
Roderick：Young man, would you step inside⑤ a moment, please
Henry：Who Me, sir
Roderick：Yes, you.
Servant⑥：(opening a door) Good morning, sir. Would you please come in
(Henry enters the house.)
Roderick：How do you do, Mr...er...
Henry：Adams. Henry Adams.
Oliver：Come and sit down, Mr Adams.
Henry：Thank you.
Roderick：You're an American
Henry：That's right, from San Francisco.
Roderick：May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are
Henry：Well, I can't say that I have any plans. As a matter of fact⑦， I landed⑧ in Britain by accident⑨.
Oliver：How is that possible
Henry：Well, I had my own boat. About a month ago, I was sailing⑩， and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. The next morning I was spotted by a ship.
Oliver：And [1]it was the ship that brought you to England．
Henry：Yes. I went to the American consulate to seek help ， but...Anyway, I didn't dare to try again. (The brothers smile at each other.)
Roderick：Well, you mustn't worry about that. It's an advantage .
Henry：I'm afraid I don't quite follow you, sir.
Roderick：Tell us, what sort of work did you do in America
Henry：I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me work here
Roderick：Patience. [2]If you don't mind, may I ask you how much money you have
[2]此处是if引导条件状语从句，让语气更加委婉。
Henry：Well, to be honest， I have none.
Oliver：(happily)What luck！ Brother, what luck!
Henry：Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don't think it's very funny. Now [3]if you'll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.
[3]此处是if引导条件状语从句，will在此处表示意愿，而非将来时。
Roderick：Please don't go. You mustn't think we don't care about you. Oliver, give him the letter.
Oliver：Yes, I was about to go get the letter. Wait! (getting it from a desk and giving it to Henry) The letter.
Henry：(taking it carefully) For me
Roderick：For you. (Henry starts to open it.) Oh, no, you'd better not open it. You can't open it until two o'clock.
Henry：Oh, this is silly.
Roderick：Not silly. There's money in it.
Henry：Oh, no. I don't want your charity. I just want a job [4]that earns an honest income．
[4]此处是that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a job，that在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。
Roderick：We know you're hard-working. [5]That's why we've given you the letter. (to the servant) Show Mr Adams out.
[5]“That's why...”意为“那就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句，后接表示结果的句子；“That's because...”意为“那是因为……”，because引导表语从句，后接表示原因的句子。
Henry：Well, why don't you explain [6]what this is all about
[6]此处是what引导的宾语从句，作动词explain的宾语，what在从句中作介词about的宾语；句中all为副词，用来加强语气。
Roderick：You'll soon know. In exactly an hour and a half.
Servant：This way, sir.
Roderick：[7]Not until 2 o'clock. Promise
[7]本句是省略句，完整的说法是“You can't open it until 2 o'clock.”。
Henry：Promise. Goodbye.
百万英镑
第一幕第三场
旁白：罗德里克和奥利弗这对富家兄弟打了个赌。奥利弗认为一张面值百万英镑的钞票能让一个人在伦敦活一个月。他的兄弟罗德里克则表示怀疑。他们看到一个穷困潦倒的年轻人从户外走过。此人是亨利·亚当斯。
罗德里克：小伙子，请进来一下，好吗？
亨利：谁？我吗，先生？
罗德里克：是的，你。
仆人：(打开房门)早上好，先生。请进。
(亨利走进屋里。)
罗德里克：你好，你是……？
亨利：亚当斯，亨利·亚当斯。
奥利弗：进来坐吧，亚当斯先生。
亨利：谢谢。
罗德里克：你是美国人？
亨利：是的，我从旧金山来。
罗德里克：能告诉我们你来这个国家干什么吗？你有什么计划吗？
亨利：呃，谈不上有什么计划。事实上，我流落英国是一场意外。
奥利弗：怎么回事？
亨利：呃，我自己有一艘小船。大约一个月前，我开船出海，傍晚时，我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了海上。第二天早晨，一艘大船发现了我。
奥利弗：这么说，是这艘大船把你带到了英国。
亨利：是的。我去美国领事馆求助，但是……我是无论如何也不敢再去了。(兄弟俩相视一笑。)
罗德里克：呃，你不必担心。这倒是件好事呢。
亨利：我不太明白你的意思，先生。
罗德里克：告诉我们，你在美国是做什么工作的？
亨利：我在一家采矿公司工作。你们能在这儿给我找份工作吗？
罗德里克：别着急。不介意的话，能告诉我你有多少钱吗？
亨利：呃，说实话，我身无分文。
奥利弗：(兴高采烈)运气太好了！兄弟，运气太好了！
亨利：呃，对你们来说可能是件幸运的事，可对我来说不是！如果你们认为这是一个笑话，那我认为它不是那么好笑。很抱歉，我该走了。
罗德里克：请留步。你千万别认为我们不关心你。奥利弗，把信给他吧。
奥利弗：好的，我正要去拿信。等一下！(从书桌上拿起信递给亨利)给你信。
亨利：(小心翼翼地接过信)给我的？
罗德里克：给你的。(亨利开始拆信。)哦，不，你最好先别拆。直到两点你才能打开它。
亨利：哦，这真是可笑。
罗德里克：这并不可笑。里面有钱呢。
亨利：哦，不，我不想要你们的施舍。我只想要一份老老实实的工作。
罗德里克：我们知道你很努力。那就是为什么我们把这封信给你。(转向仆人)送亚当斯先生出去吧。
亨利：呃，为什么不跟我讲讲，这究竟是怎么一回事呢？
罗德里克：你很快就会知道了。就在一个半小时以后。
仆人：这边请，先生。
罗德里克：两点时再把信打开。能答应我吗？
亨利：我答应。再见。
教材原文助读10
①worn adj.磨损的；用旧的
be worn out破旧；用坏；疲惫不堪
②sign n．指示牌；迹象；符号，记号；手势
③tailor ['teIl (r)] n.
(男装)裁缝vt.专门制作；定做
④clerk [klɑ k；NAmE
kl rk] n．职员；文书；店员
⑤manner ['m n (r)] n．举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.] 礼貌；礼仪
in a．..manner以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
⑥ready-made adj.现成的，做好的
⑦downstairs [ da n'ste z]
adv.顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下
upstairs adv.在楼上
⑧stair [ste (r)] n．楼梯；梯级
⑨aside [ 'saId] adv.到旁边；在旁边；留；存　
⑩whisper n．& v．耳语；私下说
whisper to对……低语
in a whisper低声地
frown [fra n] n．& vi.皱眉
suppose v．认为；猜想
do vi. [熟词生义]适合；足够
for now目前，暂时
would rather宁愿，
宁可(后接动词原形)
would rather not宁愿不
judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n．法官；
审判员；裁判员
cause vt.引起，导致
n．原因；事业
cause sb. sth.给某人造成……
in that case既然那样；假使那样的话
drop v．(意外地)落下，掉下
fold v．折叠
unfold v．打开；呈现
change n. [熟词生义]
找给的零钱
take off脱下
Allow me(礼貌地表示主动帮忙)我来吧
a wide range of
大范围的，许多，
各种各样的
option [' p n] n.
可选择的事物；选择；
选择权
have no option but to do sth.除了做某事别无选择
choose from...
从……中选择
broad [br d] adj.宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的
a broad smile笑容满面
occasion n．时机，场合
indeed [In'di d]
adv.其实；实际上；当然；确实
get paid得到报酬；
领工资
“get＋过去分词”
表示被动含义
normal ['n ml]
adj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的n.常态；通常标准；
一般水平
THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE
ACT 2, SCENE 1
Narrator：Henry is walking along the street [1]holding the bank note in his hand. His coat is worn① in several places.He sees a sign② for a tailor's③ shop.
[1]此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语，逻辑主语Henry与hold之间是主动关系。
Henry：(entering the shop)I'd like to have a suit coat.
1st Clerk④：(in a rude manner⑤)See him there. (pointing to another clerk)
2nd Clerk：Ready-made⑥ suits？Downstairs⑦.
Henry：(after going down some stairs⑧) Can you show me a suit, please
3rd Clerk：Yes, I can, sir. This way, please. Ah, here we are, the very thing you need.
1st Clerk：(pulling the 3rd clerk aside⑨ and whispering⑩) Mr Reid says you'd better serve him quick and get him out quick!
3rd Clerk：I know what I'm doing.I've got eyes, haven't I
Henry：It's a little too bright, isn't it
3rd Clerk：(looking at him with a frown )It's all [2]we have in your size．
[2]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词all，省略了关系代词that。先行词是不定代词all，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。
Henry：Well, I suppose it ought to do for now . I'll take it.
3rd Clerk：Good.Shall I put it in a box
Henry：No. I'll wear it. Oh, I'd rather not pay you now. I'd like to pay in a month. You see, I don't have any small change.
3rd Clerk：(trying not to show he's angry) I suppose a gentleman like you only carries very large bills.
Henry：Now, you shouldn't judge people by their clothes. I just don't want to cause you trouble with a large note.
3rd Clerk：It's no trouble at all.
Henry：In that case ， there's no problem.(He gives the clerk the bank note. The clerk drops Henry's coat. Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, [3]as if looking at something he can't believe is there．)
[3]此处是as if引导的方式状语从句的省略，省略了主语he和be动词is; “he can't believe is there”是定语从句，修饰先行词something，省略了关系代词that，其中含有插入语he can't believe。在定语从句中，带有含believe、think、know等词的插入语时，作主语的关系代词可省略。
Owner：Well, what seems to be the trouble
Henry：I'm just waiting for my change.
Owner：Give him his change, Todd.Get going...
(after getting the bank note from Todd) Would it...could it be the one [4]I saw in the papers last week I remember thinking [5]that never would I hold such a note as this．..(to Henry) Oh, take off this coat, sir.(to Todd) Go get the others, Todd! (to Henry again) Allow me, sir! This way, sir.
[4]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词the one，省略了关系代词that。先行词是指物的不定代词one，关系代词只能用that。
[5]此处是that引导的宾语从句，是由否定副词never引起的部分倒装句。
(in another part of the shop, [6]where there is a wide range of options for Henry to choose from)
[6]此处是非限制性定语从句，对先行词another part of the shop进行补充说明，关系副词where在定语从句中作状语；for Henry to choose from是动词不定式的复合结构，作名词options的定语。
Henry：This is nice, but I really don't need it.　
Owner：Never mind. (with a broad smile) Oh, it's perfect! It was made for some king but he'll just have to wait.You'll need many suits for many occasions. Yes, indeed you will.
Henry：Wait a minute.I only came here [7]to get a suit coat to wear today. I dare not buy all these things.You would have to wait a long time to get paid.
[7]to get a suit coat是动词不定式短语作目的状语；to wear today是动词不定式作定语，修饰a suit coat。
Owner：A long time, sir Why, you don't have to worry about that!
3rd Clerk：Yes, we can wait forever!
Henry：Well, all right. I'll take the suit coat for now and get the others later.
Owner：Fine, fine. Your address, sir
Henry：I don't have one. Er...I'm moving.
Owner：Of course you are! That's very normal! A busy man, I'm sure.
百万英镑
第二幕第一场
旁白：亨利走在街上，手里捏着钞票。他的外套上有几处破了。他看到一家裁缝店的招牌。
亨利：(走进店里)我想买件西服外套。
店员一：(态度粗鲁)你找那个人。(指着另一个店员)　
店员二：成衣吗？在楼下。
亨利：(走下几个台阶后)请给我看下西装，好吗？
店员三：可以，先生。这边请。啊，给你，你要的西服。
店员一：(把店员三拉到一边，窃窃私语)里德先生说让你最好快点把他打发走！
店员三：我知道自己在干什么。我又不瞎，对吧？
亨利：颜色太艳了点，是不是？
店员三：(看着他，皱了皱眉头)符合你尺码的就只有这件了。
亨利：好吧，我觉得暂时还凑合。就要这件了。
店员三：好的。要装进盒子里吗？
亨利：不用，我要穿上。哦，我现在付不了钱。我一个月后付款。你看，我身上一点儿零钱都没有。
店员三：(竭力压抑着怒火)我猜像你这样的绅士身上只带着大额钞票。
亨利：你不应该以貌取人。我只是不想拿大额钞票来麻烦你们。
店员三：一点儿都不麻烦。
亨利：如果是那样的话，那就没问题了。(他把钞票递给店员。店员把手中亨利的外套掉到了地上。接着，他把钞票对折起来，然后又慢慢摊开，好像在看一个他不相信存在的东西。)
店主：哦，出了什么问题？
亨利：我在等找钱。
店主：托德，找给他。赶快……(从托德手中接过钞票后)这……这会是我上周在报纸上见到过的钞票吗？我记得当时我还在想，我这一辈子都不可能摸到这样一张钞票……(转向亨利)哦，把这件外套脱了，先生。(转向托德)去拿点别的衣服来，托德！(再转向亨利)我来吧，先生！这边请，先生。
(在店的另一侧，那里挂满了各种款式的衣服，供亨利选择)
亨利：很不错，但我真的不需要。
店主：不必客气。(笑容满面)哦，太完美了！这件是为某位国王定制的，但是看来他得再等一段时间了。您需要很多衣服，各种场合的都要有。真的，您需要的。
亨利：等一等。我到店里来，只是想买一件今天穿的西装外套。我可不敢把这些全买下来。你得等很久才能拿到钱。
店主：很久，先生？哎呀，您不必担心这个！
店员三：是呀，等多久都行！
亨利：哦，那好吧。我先把这件西装外套拿走，过后再来拿其他衣服。
店主：可以，可以。您住哪儿，先生？
亨利 : 我没有住处。呃……我正在搬家。
店主：明白！那很正常！您一定是个大忙人。

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