资源简介

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Financial Values: How to Align① Our Money with Our Personal Values
Adapted from https：//www.
Money can be a powerful tool to support the and beliefs that are important.Whether it's how we spend, give or invest our dollars, aligning our money with our values allows us to make purposeful② choices that we can feel good about—while still planning thoughtfully③ for our future.
A values based to financial planning has become more common in recent years.“We used to see people hold onto their money, and when they passed away, it would go to the organizations that they wanted to support through a or trust④，” says Peter Medin, Wealth Management Advisor at an American investment.“But we've started to see money moving before people die—so they can actively participate in things that are important to them.”
Let's what it means to align our money with our values, the benefits it can bring and how we can incorporate⑤ this approach into our spending, giving and investing.
Personal values are key drivers of our behaviours, the decisions we make and the actions we take.Before we align our financial decisions with our personal values, we need to identify⑥ exactly what those values are.
These values can, but don't have to, into specific causes or movements—like sustainability⑦， for example—or they can be broader, such as valuing family or integrity⑧. Getting clear about what matters most to us will be essential⑨ for when we examine where we spend our money, which charities we support and how we want to invest.
Once we've identified our core⑩ values, start to match our money with our values.
Here are three ways.
Be smart about where we spend money.Use our purchasing power to support business and products we believe in.This simply means aligning our purchasing decisions with what matters to us.For example, if a company is involved with a cause you don't support, we may choose not to spend money there.
Make our charitable giving go further.Research our chosen charities to see which ones use donations most efficiently .It's important to do our due diligence (尽职调查) before allocating our dollars to a new organization.If we donate to a charity because it's a cause we feel strongly about, we'll want our donation to be maximized ， and that means we should be looking for efficiency in how those organizations are run.
Invest with impact.Use ESG (environmental, social, governance ) considerations as a guide in our investment strategy.Recent years witness an uptick in ESG investing in.If we want to embark on this path, start by taking a closer look at our holdings (股份).Although it takes some extra time, going through this process can be and help our money support our values instead of working against them.
There are always benefits to doing things that are in line with our moral compass and there are always benefits to feeling good about the things we invest in.
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①align v.　　　　　 使……一致
②purposeful adj. 有目的的；
有意义的
③thoughtfully adv. 深思熟虑地
④trust n. 信托
⑤incorporate v. 合并
⑥identify v. 识别；确认
⑦sustainability n. 持续性
⑧integrity n.　　　 诚实，正直
⑨essential adj. 极其重要地
⑩core adj. 核心的
purchasing power 购买力
be involved with 参与；与……有关
efficiently adv. 有效地
allocate...to... 把……分配到……
maximize v. 最大限度地
利用
governance n. 管理
uptick n. 小幅增加
embark on 开始；着手
in line with 与……相符
moral compass 道德准则　
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答案：1.Aligning　2.has become　3.away　4.what　5.drivers　6.exactly　7.sustainability　8.chosen　9.a
10．to embark
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1．cause n.　　　　 A．to consider or study an idea, a subject, etc.
very carefully
2．approach n. B．a legal document that says how to dispose one's
money and property after one's death
3．will n. C．an organization or idea that people support or
fight for
4．examine v. D．worth doing; that makes you happy because
you think it is useful or important
5．tie v. E．a way of dealing with sb./sth.
6．rewarding adj. F．to connect or link sb./sth. closely with sb./sth. else
答案：1～5.CEBAF　6.D
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What's your opinion about money
One possible version：
Money is very important for us but is not the most important thing in our life.Money can solve lots of problems but it can't buy real happiness, friendship and love.Therefore, we can live with money, but not live for money.INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1.In some countries, tourists need to apply for the permission(permit) of the local people if they want to camp in some places.
2．The Old Town of Lijiang surrounded(surround) with green trees stands in the northwest of Yunnan Province.
3．To my astonishment(astonish), he still remembered my birthday after we had separated for so many years.
4．(译林选必一U4)Ezra Pound was__fascinated(fascinate) by Li Bai's poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled Cathay.
5．He thinks that consumption(consume) rather than saving has become the central feature of contemporary societies.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．Being able to come up with solutions to many problems is what distinguishes him from others.
2．To get our knowledge enriched and gain a lot of pleasure，we should actively participate in some activities related to reading.
3．The event organizer sent out the invitations ahead of time to ensure everyone had enough time to prepare.
4. If your membership card has been lost, a fee of ￡5 is charged for the production of a replacement card.
5．The teacher asked him to account for his rude conduct and make an immediate apology to his deskmate.
维度三　完成句子
1．山顶上有一座可追溯到一千年前的寺庙。(完全倒装)　
On__the__top__of__the__mountain__stands__a__temple dating back to a thousand years ago.
2．听到那个消息，我是如此绝望，以至于我感觉好像被扔进了黑暗的世界。(as if/though引导方式状语从句)
Hearing the news, so desperate was I that I felt as__if/though__I__were__thrown__into__a__world__of__darkness．
3．树叶到处飘，我一下注意到已是深秋了。(独立主格结构)
Leaves__falling__here__and__there,__I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.
Ⅰ.回溯课文·语段微练
【改编自Developing ideas】
The light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean, __1__ me by its power. The solar rays shone through the __2__ mass easily, and consumed all colour, and I clearly __3__ objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards. Beyond that the colours darkened into fine shades of deep blue, and gradually disappeared. Truly this water which __4__ me was but another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere, but almost as clear. Above me was the calm __5__ of the sea. We were walking on fine, even sand, not wrinkled, as on a __6__ shore, which keeps the impression of the waves. This dazzling carpet, really a reflector, __7__ the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity, which accounted for the vibration which __8__ every atom of liquid. Shall I be believed when I say that, at the depth of thirty feet, I could see as if I was in broad daylight
1．A.tired 　　　　　　　　 B．astonished
C．annoyed D．disappointed
2．A.foggy B．misty
C．watery D．clear
3．A.smelt B．tasted
C．touched D．distinguished
4．A.surrounded B．gathered
C．troubled D．controlled
5．A.water B．surface
C．wave D．top
6．A.flat B．rough
C．soft D．hard
7．A.beat out B．got over
C．fought against D．drove away
8．A.went through B．got through
C．passed through D．passed down
答案：1～5.BCDAB　6～8.ADC
Ⅱ.融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教必修三U4】
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population.
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as, memory foam pillows, and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives.
Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets.
1．How has space exploration helped in the fight against world hunger
A．By providing food directly to the poor.
B．By teaching farmers advanced farming techniques.
C．By sending scientists to study agricultural problems.
D．By providing data for scientists to offer useful advice to farmers.
2．Which of the following is an example of how space exploration has improved daily life
A．The development of new medicine for fatal diseases.
B．The creation of memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras.
C．The discovery of new planets suitable for human habitation.
D．The improvement of environmental protection measures.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A．Humans will definitely move to Mars in the near future.
B．Space exploration will solve all the world's problems.
C．More resources will be discovered on Earth to meet the needs of the growing population.
D．Continued space exploration is important for the future of humanity.
答案：1～3.DBD
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·惠州高一期末)Before my first hike to the Rocky Mountains, I was a homebody. I had friends to hang out with and several hobbies, and I felt comfortable spending weeks or even months in my hometown without going anywhere. I thought there was no difference between seeing something on TV and seeing something with one's own eyes.
The situation changed one day when David, my best friend, came to my room. He__always__got__a__couple__of__colorful__bugs__in__his__head. He succeeded in talking me into joining him on his trip to the Rocky Mountains.
This was my first time in the mountains, so I was turning my head in all directions. Unluckily, the weather was foggy most of the time, and the higher we climbed the mountains, the less we could see. But I still enjoyed the hike. I walked fast, and because of that I ran out of energy long before we got to the top. David knew how to save energy.
When we finally got to the top, nothing had really changed. The same fog was covering everything. I felt disappointed, as I expected to see the view from above and take some photos. We spent a couple of hours on the top, and decided to turn back. Then the wind suddenly cleared the clouds and the sun came out. It wasn't until then that I knew how beautiful the mountains looked. And for some moments I couldn't believe my eyes.
At that moment, I realized that I wouldn't be able to live a life without visiting the mountains at least twice a year.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者第一次去落基山脉远足的经历。
1．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean
A．David often had crazy ideas.
B．David liked playing with bugs.
C．David liked persuading others.
D．David was good at talking with others.
A　解析：句意猜测题。根据画线句上下文语境可知，大卫提议去落基山脉远足，说明他有疯狂的想法。由此可猜测，画线句表示“大卫常常有疯狂的想法”。　
2．What made the author unhappy during his first hike
A．Feeling tired during the hike.
B．Not taking a camera with him.
C．Having to climb for a long time.
D．The heavy fog covering everything.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The same fog was covering everything. I felt disappointed”可知， 雾笼罩着一切，这让作者很失望。
3．How did the author most probably feel after the hike
A．Delighted.　　　　　 B．Nervous.
C．Worried. D．Upset.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者不能再过没有爬山的生活。因此，徒步旅行后， 作者最可能的感受是快乐。
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．The author's everyday life.
B．Things the author learned from a trip.
C．The author's attitude towards travelling.
D．The author's first hike to the Rocky Mountains.
D　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了作者第一次去落基山脉远足的经历。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·成都七中高一期中)Hunter Leininger, from Georgia, USA has been doing adventure racing (探险速度赛) since he was seven years old. Now, at age 19, he has set world records, travelled around the globe, and __1__ over 50 races! And he is now on a mission to __2__ other young people to follow their own __3__．　
Hunter became interested in adventure racing through his dad. While playing football, Hunter was looking to __4__ something new. He asked his dad if he could __5__ him in an adventure race, and he went on to complete his first race in about 6 hours.
He has learned a lot of perseverance through adventure racing. There can be a lot of __6__ in a race, but if you drop out, your whole team will have to __7__. This is unlike other team sports, where you can stop and be __8__ by another player. In racing, and in his life, the sport has __9__ Hunter to keep going when times get __10__．
As reported by the USARA, Hunter wants to inspire young people that they can __11__ incredible things at whatever __12__ and that they don't have to __13__ until they get older. __14__ people put off their dreams at a young age, they tend to never come back to them, which __15__ them never accomplishing anything. The best time to do something is now, so go after your dreams before it's too late!
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了19岁的亨特·莱宁格在探险速度赛中创造了世界纪录的故事。探险速度赛让他学会了坚持不懈的精神，他激励年轻人立足当下，勇于追随自己的梦想，可以在任何年龄都能实现不可思议的事情。
1．A.missed　　　　　　　 B．reported
C．organized D．completed
D　解析：根据上文“he has set world records，travelled around the globe”可知，他完成(complete)了50多场比赛。
2．A.inspire B．invite
C．advise D．order
A　解析：根据上文“he is now on a mission”和最后一段中的“Hunter wants to inspire young people that...until they get older”可知，他现在的使命是激励(inspire)其他年轻人追随自己的梦想(dream)。
3．A.interests B．dreams
C．tastes D．rhythms
B　解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.try B．discover
C．create D．share
A　解析：根据下文“something new”可知，亨特想尝试(try)一些新事物。
5．A.help B．meet
C．comfort D．join
D　解析：根据下文“in an adventure race”和“complete his first race”可知，亨特问他的爸爸是否可以和他一起参加(join)冒险比赛。
6．A.fun B．harm
C．pain D．cooperation
C　解析：根据下文“but if you drop out”及语境可知，比赛中可能会有很多痛苦(pain)。
7．A.restart B．stop
C．change D．struggle
B　解析：根据下文“This is unlike other team sports, where you can stop and be ______ by another player.”可知，探险速度赛不同于其他团体运动，如果你退出比赛，你的整个团队将不得不停止(stop)。
8．A.replaced B．supported
C．encouraged D．caught
A　解析：根据下文“by another player”可知，此处指由另一名运动员代替(replace)。
9．A.required B．forced
C．attracted D．taught
D　解析：根据上文“He has learned a lot of perseverance through adventure racing.”可知，这项运动教会(teach)了亨特在更困难的(tougher)时期坚持下去。
10．A.better B．tougher
C．more special D．stranger
B　解析：参见上题解析。
11．A.accept B．imagine
C．choose D．achieve
D　解析：根据下文“incredible things”可知，此处指实现(achieve)不可思议的事情。
12．A.age B．level
C．degree D．status
A　解析：根据下文“they don't have to ______ until they get older”可知，亨特希望激励年轻人可以在任何年龄(age)实现不可思议的事情，不必等(wait)到自己变老。
13．A.wait B．practice
C．perform D．compete
A　解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.Unless B．Although
C．Once D．Because
C　解析：根据下文“they tend to never come back to them”可知，一旦(once)人们在年轻的时候推迟梦想，他们往往就不会再去实现它们。
15．A.provides for B．puts off
C．results in D．objects to
C　解析：根据上文内容及下文“never accomplishing anything”可知，此处指这导致(result in)人们永远无法完成任何事情。INCLUDEPICTURE "英WYBX3Unit5LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../英WYBX3Unit5LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
INCLUDEPICTURE "语基默写温馨提示LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../语基默写温馨提示LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　《教材助读＋语基默写》见分册本
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1．initial　 　 A．the line that divides two countries
or areas; the land near this line
2．thus B．a large number of people gathered
together in a public place
3．zone C．as a result of sth. just mentioned
4．border D．an effort to do better than sth.,
such as a very good performance in sport
5．confirm E．lack of success in doing or achieving
sth.
6．crowd F．happening at the beginning; first
7．attempt G．to state or show that sth. is definitely
true or correct, especially by
providing evidence
8．failure H．an area or a region with a
particular feature or use
答案：1～5.FCHAG　6～8.BDE
Activity 1　Reading for Genre and Structure
1．Genre: ____________
A．Exposition (说明文).　B．Narration (记叙文).
C．Argumentation (议论文).
答案：C
2．Structure and Clues：
答案：(1)special　(2)joy　(3)look inside
(4)mental　(5)personality　(6)benefit from
(7)risks
Activity 2　Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
It mainly talks about whether__Qomolangma__is__worth__climbing．
Activity 3　Reading for Details
1．Read Part 1 and answer the following questions.
(1)Why did some people want to climb Qomolangma
A．Because they needn't spend too much money.
B．Because they thought they were stronger than others.
C．Because they were not afraid of coldness and danger.
D．Because they thought it was an experience making them powerful.
答案：D
(2)Tell the following sentences True (T) or False (F).
①Climbing Qomolangma may cost climbers a great deal of money.T
②It is dangerous to climb Qomolangma.T
③Climbing can always make people become powerful.F
(3)What challenges do the climbers face to climb Qomolangma
People__know__it__includes__crowds,__discomfort__and__danger.__Many__will__become__sick,__due__to__the__extreme__cold__and__low__air__pressure,__and__a__few__will__even__lose__their__lives.
(4)What does the author try to tell us in paragraph 1
A．The great risks of climbing Qomolangma.
B．The great difficulty in climbing Qomolangma.
C．Two different kinds of Qomolangma climbers.
D．People's strong desire to climb Qomolangma.
答案：D
2．Read Part 2 and answer the following questions.
(1)Did George Mallory succeed in climbing Qomolangma
It's__still__unknown.
(2)What happened to Mallory in 1924
He__died__when__climbing__Qomolangma.
(3)According to Mallory, what does life mean
A．To eat the best food.　
B．To earn a lot of money.
C．To enjoy life.
D．To climb mountains.
答案：C
(4)What was George Mallory's attitude towards climbing Qomolangma
A．Negative. B．Positive.
C．Subjective. D．Unknown.
答案：B
(5)Which of the following personalities belongs to “Type T”？
A．Adventurous. B．Honest.
C．Outgoing. D．Intelligent.
答案：A
(6)Tell the following sentences True (T) or False (F).
①Most have climbed Qomolangma successfully.F
②According to Frank Farley, people who enjoy adventure have the personality named “Type T”．T
③When people want to take risks, they also desire to get benefit.T
3．Read Part 3 and answer the following question.
What's the author's opinion on whether the benefits of climbing Qomolangma are worth the risks
It's__totally__up__to__you.
4．What can be inferred from the whole passage
A．Anyone can climb Qomolangma for free.
B．Only “Type T” persons can climb Qomolangma.
C.The author disagrees to climb Qomolangma.
D．You decide whether climbing Qomolangma or not.　
答案：D
Last year, hundreds of people spent a lot of money on climbing Qomolangma even though they knew they would be challenged with different risks. For some people, climbing makes them feel 1.powerful(power).
George Mallory believed that we eat and make money 2.to__enjoy(enjoy) life. Sadly, this climber would lose his life in 1924, although his body 3.would__not__be__found(not find) until many years later. 4.It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life. Alan Arnette, 5.who climbed Qomolangma in 2011, held the idea that climbing brought 6.into focus what was important to you in your life. He believed that there were a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. He added, “You have to focus 7.on the one reason that's most important and unique to you. It depends on the physical and mental 8.toughness(tough) to push when you want to give up.”
With the majority of attempts 9.resulting(result) either in total success or failure, is there a scientific reason Recent studies indicate that risk taking may be part of human nature. Besides, people enjoy climbing because they expect to benefit from the result.
Therefore, it's 10.totally(total) up to you whether you will take the risk of climbing Qomolangma.
1．Do you think it is worth climbing Qomolangma
________________________________________________________________________
2．If you were given the chance, would you like to climb Qomolangma Why or why not
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Open answers.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．zone n.　　　　　　　 A．纯粹的，十足的
2．oxygen n. B．惊险，刺激
3．sheer adj. C．心理学家
4．psychologist n. D．氧气
5．thrill n. E．地区，地带
答案：1～5.EDACB
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．the border between the two countries
　　　　　　　　　　 两国边界
2．break up the crowd 驱散人群
3．a successful attempt 一次成功的尝试
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．initial adj.开始的，最初的→initially adv.最初，首先；开头
2．confirm v．证实，证明→confirmation n．证实；确认
3．failure n．失败→fail vi.& vt.失败；不及格；使失望
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．She spends good__money(大笔的钱) on designer clothes every year, always looking for the latest fashion.
2．He is an excellent businessman, and therefore he always has an eye out for any opportunity to make__money(赚钱).
3．I'm not sure whether I'll succeed__in(成功) persuading her to join us. Anyhow, I'll try my best to make it.
4．The big fire almost took__his__life(夺去他的生命) when he was performing his duty.
5．But we often overlook other benefits to higher education：quality of life improvements that deserve to be brought__into__focus(使……成为焦点), whether you're on the fence about going back to school or are just having a hard time appreciating the degree you already have.
6．I can't figure__out(弄明白) why Robert quit his job, considering he just got a raise and a promotion.
7．People who always stay up late are commonly referred__to__as(被称为) “night owls”．
8．In Chinese culture, the dragon stands__for(代表) happiness and good luck, representing power, wealth, and good fortune.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
A.根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．the＋序数词＋名词＋to do
Vasco da Gama (1460 1524) was a Portuguese explorer and the__first__European__to__reach__India(第一个到达印度的欧洲人) by sea.
2．现在分词(短语)作结果状语
Christopher Columbus(1451 1506)was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between Spain and the Americas, thus marking__the__beginning__of__European__exploration__of__the__Americas(标志着欧洲人探索美洲的开始).
[分析]　此句中还含有who引导的定语从句。
3．it 作形式主语
It__is__still__not__known__if__he__succeeded__in__reaching__the__top(至今人们也不知道他是否成功登顶) of Qomolangma before it took his life.(Para.2)
[分析]　此句中还含有before引导的时间状语从句。
4．with 复合结构
(1)With__the__majority__of__attempts__to__climb__Qomolangma__resulting__either__in__total__success__or__failure(大部分攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试都以完全的成功或彻底的失败结束), is there also a scientific reason behind this risk taking？(Para.4)
(2)With__this__in__mind(了解这些以后), are the benefits of climbing Qomolangma worth the risks？(Para.7)
B.根据汉语提示并使用以上句式结构完成下面的小短文
Human beings have always been adventurous. Neil Armstrong was 1.the__first__man__to__step__on__the__moon(第一个登上月球的人). With advanced technology, more and more explorations are carried out, 2.making__great__discoveries(取得了重大的发现). 3.It__is__exciting__to__explore__unknown__fields(探索未知的领域令人兴奋). People keep trying, 4.with__their__spirits__burning(他们的精神燃烧着).
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【层级一　高频词汇诠释】
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confirm　v.证实，证明；批准，认可；确定，确认(安排/日期等)
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①(教材P66)The first people confirmed to have reached the top were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.
第一批被证实登顶(珠峰)的人是1953年的埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺盖。
②(译林必修三U2) After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other.
在点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊、哭啊、互相拥抱着。
(1) confirm sth./that/wh 从句　 证实……
It is/has been confirmed that...
据/已证实……；
确定……
confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事
(2)confirmation n. 证实；确认
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be__confirmed(confirm) in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
(2)How you feel about yourself sometimes depends on whether or not you receive confirmation(confirm) of your value from others.
(3)(人教选必二U4)The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming(confirm) that autumn had arrived in Canada.
(4)(人教必修三U3)据证实，周六晚上6点37分河北省发生轻微地震，没有造成任何破坏。
It__was__confirmed__that a mild earthquake occurred at 6：37 p．m. on Saturday evening in Hebei Province, causing no damage.
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succeed in (doing) sth.　在某方面取得成功，成功做某事
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①(教材P67)It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.
至今人们也不知道他在生前是否成功登顶了珠穆朗玛峰。
②(译林必修三U4)On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
1971年10月4日，在经历了190次失败后，她成功制造出了可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。
(1)succeed vt.& vi.　　　 成功；接替；继任
succeed sb. as... 继某人之后担任……
(2)success n. [U]成功；
[C]成功的人(或事)
successful adj. 成功的
be successful in... 在……方面成功
(3)successfully adv. 成功地
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(人教必修三U2)The girl pushed the stone with all her might. After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.
(2)(译林必修一U3)The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success(succeed) and failure.
(3)(译林必修三U4)In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully(successful)discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.
(4)无论何时你情绪失控，牢记一点：只有拥有良好的心态，你才能获得成功。(个人发展与提升)
Whenever your emotion is out of control, just keep in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can__you__achieve__success．
背诵点 应用文写作之建议信
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bring...into focus　使……成为焦点
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①(教材P67)It brings into focus what's important to you.
它会让你把注意力集中在对你来说重要的事情上。
②(经典例句)The professor's impressive speech about the environment really brought the importance of conservation work into focus.
这位教授关于环境的令人印象深刻的演讲确实使保护工作的重要性成为焦点。
(1)focus v.　　　　　　　　　 集中；关注
n. 关注；焦点
(2)focus (one's energy/attention) on/upon...
集中(某人的精力/
注意力)于……
focus one's eyes on... 注视……
(3)the focus of attention 关注的焦点
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单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级
(1)Focus on/upon what you are doing, and you are more likely to succeed in achieving your goal.
背诵点 应用文写作之建议信
(2)Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the__focus__of__attention(关注的焦点) due to the impact of climate change.
背诵点 应用文写作之环境保护
(3)He focused his energy on working, so he spared no time to travel and visit his family and friends.
→Focusing__his__energy__on__working,__he spared no time to travel and visit his family and friends.(现在分词短语作状语)
→With__his__energy__focused__on__working,__he spared no time to travel and visit his family and friends.(with 复合结构)
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figure out　理解；弄清楚，弄明白；计算出
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①(教材P67)It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness to push when you want to stop.
它会驱使你深入观察自己的内心，并在想要停下的时候，弄清楚自己的身体和心理是否真的有韧劲继续前行。
②(译林选必二U3)We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.
我们必须弄清楚如何防止技术失控。
(1)figure v.　　　　　　 估计；认为；理解
n. 数字；身材；图形
(2)figure on 期待，指望；打算，计划
figure that... 认为……；认定……
(3)keep one's figure 保持身材/体形
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单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)There is still half an hour left. You can figure on him showing up in the party on time.
(2)You can keep__your__figure(保持身材) by incorporating exercise into your daily routine.
(3)你真正需要做的是弄清楚你考试失败的原因，并采取适当的措施来解决这些问题。(个人发展与提升)
What you really need to do is__figure__out__the__reason__why__you__failed__in__the__exam,__and take appropriate measures to solve these problems.
背诵点 应用文写作之建议信
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attempt　n.努力，尝试　vt.尝试；企图
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①(教材P67)With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk taking
大部分攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试都以完全的成功或彻底的失败结束，那么，在这样的冒险背后是否也有一个科学的原因呢？
②(人教选必三U2)To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
改变坏习惯绝非易事，即使尝试过很多次。
(1)make an attempt at doing sth./to do sth.
　　　　　　　　　　 尝试/努力做某事
at the/one's first attempt (某人)第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事
(2)attempt at doing sth./to do sth.
尝试/努力做某事
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单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)As long as you attempt to__take(take) regular practice towards your goal, you're heading in the right direction.
(2)I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at__the__first__attempt(第一次尝试).
(3)In__an__attempt__to__ease__the__tension(为了缓和紧张气氛), I suggest that we break off the conversation for lunch.
(4)尽管我很惊慌，但我试图整理思绪，尝试用简洁的方式解释当时的情况。
Panicked as I was, I attempted/made__an__attempt__to__collect__my__thoughts,__trying to explain the situation in a concise way.
【层级二　中频词汇积累】
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crowd　n.人群　vt.挤满，塞满；涌上心头
(1)a crowd of/crowds of　 一群……；成群的……
in the crowd 在人群中
(2)crowd into 挤入；涌入
crowd in on sb. 涌上某人心头；
涌入某人脑海
(3)crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满人/物的
be crowded with... 挤满了……
[微练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)During the golden week, there are huge crowds(crowd) of people in the hot scenic spots, making it difficult to enjoy the beauty of nature.
(2)Seeing these pictures, Tom felt that the memories of childhood crowded into his mind.
(3)Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding in on her because of the loss of the match.
背诵点 读后续写之心理描写
(4)挤满观众的大厅让我变得更加紧张，我的心扑通扑通地好像要跳出来了。
The__hall__crowded__with__audience__made__me__even__more__uneasy. My heart was pounding hard, as if it were about to pop.
背诵点 读后续写之心理描写
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failure　n.失败，故障；失败的人(或事)
(1)end/result in failure　 以失败告终
(2)fail v. 失败；不及格；出故障；
不足
fail in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事时失败
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
[微练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(北师大必修二U5)Scott had failed to__win(win) the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
(2)(人教必修一U3)In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win. Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures(fail).
(3)未经过思考就行动常常会导致失败，所以我们应该三思而后行。
Acting before thinking often ends/results__in__failure,__so we should think twice before we leap.
背诵点 应用文写作之建议信
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failure 意为“失败”时，表示抽象概念，是不可数名词；意为“失败的人或事”时，表示具体意义，是可数名词。在英语中有很多抽象名词可以在使用过程中具体化，如beauty、 danger、 honour、 pity、 pleasure、 success、 surprise、 difficulty 等。
【层级三　低频词汇拾遗】
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initial　adj.开始的，最初的
①(译林选必二U4)The initial cost will discourage most people in the beginning but that should be fixed over time.
最初的成本会让大多数人一开始就望而却步，但这应该随着时间的推移而被解决。
②(译林选必三U4)At the initial stage of the Silk Road development, silk was the main item in the trade list thanks to its light weight and high value.
在丝绸之路发展的初期，丝绸因其重量轻、价值高而成为贸易清单上的主要商品。
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zone　n.地区，地带
①(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Walking at night time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone.
在夜晚散步是走出舒适区的一个很好的方式。
②(2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.
所以我们中的许多人都认为，舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心。
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border　n.国界，边界
①(译林选必三U1)We were very near to our rest camp in Amboseli National Park located on the border of Kenya when my father, against my mother's advice, decided to drive through a large pool of water that stretched across the dirt road.
我们离位于肯尼亚边境的安博塞利国家公园的休息营地非常近，当时我父亲不顾母亲的建议，决定开车穿过一个横跨土路的大水池。
②(人教选必二U4)When they woke up the next morning and pulled back the curtains, they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron—one of the four Great Lakes on Ontario's southern border.
次日清晨，当她们醒来并拉开窗帘时，辽阔的休伦湖映入眼帘——休伦湖是安大略省南部边境的四大湖之一。
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现在分词(短语)作结果状语
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①(教材P65)Christopher Columbus (1451 1506) was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between Spain and the Americas, thus marking the beginning of European exploration of the Americas.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451～1506)是一名意大利探险家，他完成了西班牙和美洲之间的旅程，从而标志着欧洲人探索美洲的开始。
②(人教必修三U2)He crashed into the stone, spilling the milk everywhere.
他撞到了石头上，把牛奶洒得到处都是。
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果，有时其前可加 thus 表示强调；
(2)不定式短语作结果状语时表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加 only 表示强调。
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(译林选必三U2)With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration, we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind, making(make) our lives safer and easier.
(2)Little Tom jumped into the house with joy, only to__find(find) that his family was not there and the house was unexpectedly quiet.
(3)上课之前，你最好做好充分的准备并且对唐朝历史有一个简单的了解，这会让你上起课来更容易一些。
You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, making__it__easy__for__you__to__go__through__the__class．
背诵点 应用文写作之建议信
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Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．open__up__the__sea__route　 开辟海上航线
2．extreme__cold 严寒
3．an__experience__like__no__other一种无可比拟的体验
4．sheer__joy 纯粹的快乐
5．be__unique__to 对……是独特的，
特有的
6．take__a__risk/risks 冒险
7．be__connected__to 与……有关；与……相连
8．in__search__of__a__westward__route
寻找一条向西的路线
9．by__way__of__the__Cape__of__Good__Hope
经过好望角
10．sea__level 海平面
11．air__pressure 气压
12．write__of__climbing__Qomolangma
记叙攀登珠穆朗玛峰的经历
13．turn__around 转身；转变；(使)好转
14．look__inside__yourself 观察自己的内心
15．be__up__to__sb. 取决于某人
Ⅱ.品句填词
1．(北师大选必三U7)In short, if you want to succeed(成功) in a 21st century career, you will have to develop new essential skills.
2．Enormous facts confirm(证实) the truth that being exposed to books can enrich our life.
3．(北师大选必四U10)In the 1950s, an attempt(尝试) was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically; but after twenty years, they still had not had any success.
4．His initial(最初的) reaction was to say no, but after careful consideration, he eventually agreed to lend a hand.
5．After a long day at work, he retreated to his private zone(区域) in the garden to relax.
6．Though I haven't met him for many years, I could recognize him immediately when I saw him in the crowd(人群).
7．The plan to expand the company overseas was a complete failure(失败), resulting in significant financial losses.
Ⅲ.词块运用
1．Today the issue of education reform has been brought__into__focus(使……成为焦点), and different people hold different opinions.
2．The old man fought a tough battle against the lung cancer which eventually took__his__life(夺去他的生命).
3．His book is__referred__to__as(被称为) a combination of literature and science, having a profound effect on future generations.
4．(北师大必修二U4)I've downloaded the shopping app, but I can't figure__out(弄明白) how to set up an account.
5．My elder brother succeeded__in(成功) passing the College Entrance Examination and was admitted to Peking University, which made our whole family proud.Period 2　Using language
过去将来时
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(1)(教材P66)Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger.
去年，数以百计的人花大价钱进行了一次明知会有拥挤、不适和危险的体验。
(2)(教材P67)In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette, who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world.
2011年，美国登山者艾伦·阿内特说出了与马洛里类似的话。艾伦那年登上了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算登上世界各地的其他高山。
(3)(译林必修二U3)Luckily, I arrived just in time—the show was about to begin as I took my place in the merry crowd.
来得早不如来得巧——我刚在欢乐的人群中找好位置，表演就要开始了。
(4)(北师大选必四U11)The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20，000 to come through this hospital.
将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第两万个病人。
(5)The next morning I was to leave my hometown and go to Beijing to attend university.
第二天早上，我将离开我的家乡，去北京上大学了。
eq \a\vs4\al( INCLUDEPICTURE "语法拾遗LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../语法拾遗LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
以上各句中的黑体部分均为过去将来时态。句(1)中过去将来时的构成是：would＋动词原形；句(2)中过去将来时的构成是：was__going__to＋动词原形；句(3)中过去将来时的构成是：was__about__to＋动词原形，表示正要做某事；句(4)中过去将来时的构成是：was＋动词 ing形式，是过去进行时表示将来，仅限于特定的动词；句(5)中过去将来时的构成是：was＋动词不定式，表示过去计划或安排将要做某事。　
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1．过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中，通常由“would＋动词原形”构成。
2．过去将来时的其他表达方法：
表达方法 用法
was/were going to＋动词原形 表示过去打算/计划做某事或客观迹象表明要发生某事
was/were＋动词不定式 表示过去计划或安排将要做某事
was/were about to＋动词原形 表示过去正要/即将做某事
was/were＋动词 ing形式　 仅限于go、come、leave、start、take off等趋向性动词(短语)来表示过去将来时
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(1)“would＋动词原形”也可以表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作；
(2)“sb. be about to do...when...”表示“某人正要做……这时……”；
(3)在含有条件状语从句或时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语常用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
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单句语法填空
(1)(北师大必修一U1)Zhang Tian graduated from university and got a teacher's certificate last year. His parents, like most, hoped he would__go(go) to a big city to find a teaching job.
(2)The bus driver told everybody to get ready because the bus was__starting(start) in 5 minutes.
(3)It was said that another school was to__be__built(build) in our hometown the next month.
(4)I didn't know when she would come, but when she came(come) I would let you know.
(5)(译林选必二U1)I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In a room above the store, where a party was to__be__held(hold), some workers were busy setting the table.
2．The man told us that the coach was__leaving(leave) at five the next morning, so we decided to get up early to catch it.
3．When they arrived at the airport hurriedly, the plane was just going to__take(take) off.
4．He promised that he would buy some gifts for us when he got(get) there, and he kept his promise.
5．(译林选必四U4)I took a deep breath and carried on into the heart of the campus. Little did I know that I was about to__experience(experience) the best four years of my life.
6．He and a colleague were to__spend(spend) two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.
7．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Once, we camped along Chalk Creek. I was worried that our 15 month old boy would__fall(fall) into the creek (小溪). 　
8．(北师大必修二U5)While Captain Robert Falcon Scott was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was__going(go) south, too.
9．(北师大选必四U12)If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would__have(have) a real problem on your hands.
10．All the signs showed that a big earthquake was going to__happen(happen) at anytime, so preparations must be made.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．老师说我们第二天要去参观故宫，这让我很兴奋，因为我一直都想去那里。
The teacher said that we would__visit/was__going__to__visit/was__to__visit the Forbidden City the next day, which made me excited because I had always wanted to go there.
2．汤姆正要关窗户，这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
Tom was__about__to__close__the__window__when his attention was caught by a bird.
3．当他还是个孩子时，他常常和朋友在这个公园玩耍。
When he was a child, he would__play__with__his__friends in this park.
4．他说他要安排一周后和他哥哥一起度假。
He said that he would__arrange__his__holiday/was__going__to__arrange__his__holiday/was__to__arrange__his__holiday with his elder brother in a week.
5．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)我被告知在写作比赛中获得了一等奖，并且颁奖典礼将在两天后举行。
I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would__be__an__award__presentation in two days.INCLUDEPICTURE "名著选萃LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../名著选萃LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../名著选萃LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../名著选萃LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Wilbur Went Out
Excerpt from Charlotte's Web
在朱克曼家的谷仓里，小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛建立了真挚的友谊。柔弱的夏洛付出了生命的代价拯救了威尔伯，而威尔伯带着感恩的心抚养了夏洛的孩子。
The barn① was very large. It was very old.
It smelled of hay② and it smelled of manure③. It smelled of the perspiration④ of tired horses and the wonderful sweet breath of patient cows. It often had a sort of peaceful smell—as though nothing bad could happen ever again in the world. It smelled of grain⑤ and of harness dressing (马具敷料) and of axle (车轴) grease⑥ and of rubber boots and of new rope. And whenever⑦ the cat was given a fish head to eat, the barn would smell of fish. But mostly it smelled of hay, for there was always hay in the great loft (阁楼) up overhead. And there was always hay being pitched⑧ down to the cows and the horses and the sheep.
The barn was pleasantly⑨ warm in winter when the animals spent most of their time indoors, and it was pleasantly cool in summer when the big doors stood wide open to the breeze⑩. The barn had stalls (马厩) on the main floor for the work horses, tie ups on the main floor for the cows (牛棚), a sheepfold (羊圈) down below for the sheep, a pigpen (猪圈) down below for Wilbur, and it was full of all sorts of things that you find in barns. It was the kind of barn that swallows like to build their nests in. It was the kind of barn that children like to play in. And the whole thing was owned by Fern's uncle, Mr. Homer L. Zuckerman.
Wilbur's new home was in the lower part of the barn, directly underneath the cows. Mr. Zuckerman knew that a manure pile is a good place to keep a young pig. Pigs need warmth, and it was warm and comfortable down there in the barn cellar on the south side.　　Fern came almost every day to visit him. She found an old milking stool (凳子) that had been discarded ， and she placed the stool in the sheepfold next to Wilbur's pen . Here she sat quietly during the long afternoons, thinking and listening and watching Wilbur.
The sheep soon got to know her and trust her. So did the geese ， who lived with the sheep. All the animals trusted her; she was so quiet and friendly. Mr. Zuckerman did not allow her to take Wilbur out, and he did not allow her to get into the pigpen. But he told Fern that she could sit on the stool and watch Wilbur as long as she wanted to. It made her happy just to be near the pig ， and it made Wilbur happy to know that she was sitting there, right outside his pen. But he never had any fun—no walks, no rides, no swims.
One afternoon in June, when Wilbur was almost two months old, he wandered out into his small yard outside the barn. Fern had not arrived for her usual visit. Wilbur stood in the sun feeling lonely and bored . “There's never anything to do around here，” he thought. He walked slowly to his food trough (食槽) and sniffed to see if anything had been overlooked at lunch. He found a small strip (条) of potato skin and ate it. His back itched (发痒), so he leaned against the fence and rubbed against the boards. When he was tired of this, he walked indoors, climbed to the top of the manured pile, and sat down. He didn't feel like going to sleep, he didn't feel like digging, he was tired of standing still, tired of lying down. “I'm less than two months old and I'm tired of living，” he said. He walked out to the yard again.
“When I'm out here，” he said, “there's no place to go but in. When I'm indoors, there's no place to go but out in the yard.”
“That's where you're wrong, my friend, my friend，” said a voice. Wilbur looked through the fence and saw the goose standing there.
“You don't have to stay in that dirty little dirty little dirty little yard，” said the goose, who talked rather fast. “One of the boards is loose. Push on it, push—push—push on it, and come on out！”
“What？” said Wilbur. “Say it slower！”
“Did you say a board was loose？”
“That I did, that I did，” said the goose.
Wilbur walked up to the fence and saw that the goose was right—one board was loose. He put his head down, shut his eyes, and pushed . The board gave way . In a minute he had squeezed through the fence and was standing in the long grass outside his yard. The goose chuckled .
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①barn n．谷仓
②hay n．干草
③manure n．粪肥
④perspiration n．汗水
⑤grain n．谷物
⑥grease n．润滑油
⑦此处为whenever引导时间状语从句。
⑧pitch v．投掷
⑨pleasantly [熟词生义] adv.
舒适地
⑩breeze n．微风
all sorts of各种各样的
swallow [熟词生义] n．燕子
directly [熟词生义] adv.
恰好，正好
underneath prep.在……下面
cellar n．地窖
discard v．丢弃
pen [熟词生义] n．圈
此处为并列的v. ing形式作状语。
goose n．(pl. geese) 鹅
此处为部分倒装句。
此处为who引导定语从句。
此处为it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
此处为when引导时间状语从句。
wander v．闲逛
bored adj.无聊的
sniff v．嗅
overlook v．忽视；忽略
lean against 靠着
rub v．摩擦
feel like doing想要做
此处为动词的联动。
give way [熟词生义] 倒塌
squeeze through挤过
chuckle v．咯咯笑INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1.The contract is not valid until we receive official confirmation(confirm) from the other party.
2．The news has been published that the spaceship succeeded in returning(return) to Earth, marking a significant milestone in the history of space exploration.
3．(人教必修三U2)The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone, but he found nobody making an attempt to__move(move) it.
4．(北师大选必三U9)Initially(initial), many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern.
5．(北师大选必三U9)There had been a number of failures(fail) before they eventually found a way to successfully clone a monkey.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．(译林必修二U2)Luckily, my coach taught me how to relax my muscles and focus on peace of mind while performing the routine.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)That's why this issue (期) of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing.
3．Shelly prepared carefully for the exam so that she could be sure of passing it at her first attempt.
4．With everything crowding into her mind, she was seized by a feeling of joy and sweetness.
5．English is referred to as a universal language, which is spoken in many countries as the official language.
维度三　完成句子
1．随着电动汽车变得流行，我们相信空气质量将会被改善。(with 复合结构)
With__electric__cars__becoming__popular,__we believe that the air quality will be improved.
2．徐霞客毕生致力于探索全国，并完成了一部名为《徐霞客游记》的著作。[现在分词(短语)作状语]
Xu Xiake devoted all his life to exploring the whole country，finishing__a__work__named__The__Travel__Notes__of__Xu__Xiake．
3．据证实，家庭氛围对孩子的身心健康有很大的影响。(it 作形式主语)
It__is__confirmed__that the atmosphere of the family has a great effect on children's mental and physical health.
4．(北师大必修二U6)这名女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位因其工作被授予诺贝尔奖的女科学家。(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do)
The woman was Tu Youyou, the__first__Chinese__female__scientist__to__be__awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
Ⅰ.回溯课文·语段微练
【改编自Understanding ideas】
Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger. Many would become sick, due to the extreme cold and low air pressure, and a few would even lose their lives. 1.________ For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel weak and others, powerful.
British mountain climber George Mallory wrote of climbing Qomolangma, “What we get from this adventure is just sheer joy...We do not live to eat and make money. 2.________ That is what life means and what life is for.” Sadly, Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924, although his body would not be found until many years later. 3.________
4．________ He climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world. “It brings into focus what's important to you.” He added, “There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. 5.________ It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness to push when you want to stop.”
A．We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life.
B．Eating and making money are both not important to us.
C．In fact, those like climbing Qomolangma don't value their lives.
D．Yet, despite all this, by the end of the trip many were already planning to return.
E．You really have to focus on the one reason that's most important and unique to you.
F．It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.
G．In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette.
答案：1～5.DAFGE
Ⅱ.融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教必修三U4】
“Are we alone What's out there？” Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers. They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.
Before the mid 20th century, most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, “That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, many more goals were achieved. For example, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space, and it still transmits data today.
Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong，accidents can still happen. All the astronauts on the USSR's Soyuz 11 and America's Challenger died during their missions. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. An example of this ongoing work is the International Space Station. It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board，providing a continuous human presence in space.
1．What is the main purpose of scientists' space exploration
A．To prove that humans are the most intelligent beings in the universe.
B．To find out if there are other planets suitable for human life.
C.To show the power of their countries.
D．To make more money for their countries.
2．Who was the first person to go into space
A．Neil Armstrong.
B．Yuri Gagarin.
C．A scientist from the USSR.
D．An unknown astronaut.
3．Which of the following events happened first
A．The launch of Sputnik 1.
B．Neil Armstrong stepping onto the moon.
C．The launch of Voyager 1.
D．Yuri Gagarin going into space.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．Space exploration will stop because of the accidents.
B．There will be no more accidents in space exploration.
C．Scientists will continue to explore space despite the risks.
D．Only a few countries are interested in space exploration.
答案：1～4.BBAC
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·延安高一期中)He'd spent seven hours climbing up Mount Qomolangma through ice and snow and now exhausted Daniel Mazur sensed that success was near. It was 7：30 a.m., Daniel climbed onto a narrow ledge (岩架) to rest with his teammates. Suddenly, Daniel saw a flash of bright yellow to his left. Was it a tent He thought. The yellow blur moved again, and it was a man sitting cross legged trying to change his shirt.
Hall, who had been alone on the mountain since 7：30 the night before, had no supply with him now. He and his teammates had reached the summit at nine that morning. When they started on their descent (下山), Hall's feet had stopped moving and he was overcome by a deep exhaustion at 28, 000 feet. He appeared to be dead. Checking one last time for signs of life when there was no response, his teammates gathered his backpack, food, water, and extra oxygen and left him.
Daniel's team got Hall away from the cliff's edge. They helped him back into his snowsuit and shared their food and water. Daniel radioed down to high base camp, and asked people for help. It was almost noon when a team finally arrived to help take Hall down the mountain.
“It's such a personal challenge—once you're up there, you feel as though you could do anything, ” he says. “Sure, I wish I could have reached the summit again. But there's no way we could have left Hall on that ridge (山脊). If we'd done that, chances are that he wouldn't be alive today. And I would have to live with that for the rest of my life.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。丹尼尔一行人在即将登上珠穆朗玛峰峰顶时，遇到了奄奄一息、被队友误认为死亡而遗弃的霍尔，最终大家放弃了登顶的机会，齐心协力将霍尔活着带下了山。
1．What did Daniel see when he was resting
A．A light.　　　　　　　 B．A tent.
C．A stone. D．A man.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it was a man sitting cross legged trying to change his shirt”可知，丹尼尔休息时看到了一个男人。
2．What can we learn from paragraph 2 and paragraph 3
A．Hall was too hungry to move.
B．Hall was left because of his making no response.
C.Hall threw his supplies due to an extreme exhaustion.
D．Hall was finally taken to high base camp by Daniel.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Checking one last time for signs of life...and extra oxygen and left him.”可知，霍尔被留在原地是因为他没有了生命反应。
3．What does Daniel convey in his words
A．He felt guilty for not reaching the summit.
B．He decided to climb up Mount Qomolangma again.
C．Saving Hall is more important than reaching the summit.
D．Taking Hall down the mountain is a challenge for Daniel's team.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Sure, I wish I could have reached...he wouldn't be alive today.”可推知，丹尼尔认为，救下霍尔要比登顶更重要。
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．People like to climb Mount Qomolangma.
B．A man gave up reaching the top to save a life.
C．A man lost his life on Mount Qomolangma.
D．People can do much to prevent future deaths.
B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了丹尼尔为了救霍尔而放弃了登上珠穆朗玛峰峰顶的故事。
B
(2024·威海高一期末)Climbers targeting peaks above 5，000 meters in the Xizang Autonomous Region, including the north side of Qomolangma—the world's highest mountain, have to apply for a permit, according to a rule issued by Chinese sports authorities.
To make climbing safer, or at least less deadly, the General Administration of Sport of China and the Sports Bureau of Xizang Autonomous Region released a notification (通知) requiring climbers to send an application to the bureau at least a month in advance of their planned climbing. It said climbing without permits will be strictly forbidden (禁止).
“In recent years, cases of injuries, missing people and deaths have been witnessed as a result of illegal climbing，” the notification said. “Climbing is a highly professional sport with high risk. Most illegal climbers lack professional skills, facilities and tour guides. Such activities will interfere__with orderly climbing and bring risks, not only to the climbers themselves but also rescuers. They will also lead to a loss of personal or national property.”
Applications will need to detail each individual climber's personal information, proposed climbing routes and related plans. Climbers are also being asked to follow related rules to protect mountain environments. The notification also urged regional government departments to strengthen safety checks and the prohibition of illegal climbing, encourage residents to join regular patrols (巡查) near major climbing routes and promote public education on climbing safety.
In a previous interview with China Daily, Kul Bahadur Gurung, general secretary of the Nepal Mountaineering Association, said difficult weather conditions, lack of experience and support personnel, and the commercialization of expeditions were the main reasons for the high death toll (死亡人数) on the world's highest peak. “Since the number of people reaching the peak of Qomolangma is increasing, everyone thinks it is easier to climb and everyone can climb, which is a totally false idea，” he said.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为阻止非法攀登，中国体育部门要求攀登西藏自治区5 000米以上山峰的登山者必须申请许可证。
5．Why is a permit needed for climbers who will climb the north side of Qomolangma
A．To stop illegal climbing.
B．To provide training ahead.
C．To limit the number of climbers.
D．To collect climbers' information.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To make climbing safer, or at least less deadly”和第三段中的“In recent years, cases of injuries...as a result of illegal climbing”可知，非法攀登会造成很多安全问题，攀登珠穆朗玛峰北坡的登山者需要申请许可证是为了禁止非法攀登，确保安全。
6．Which word can best replace the underlined phrase “interfere with” in paragraph 3
A．Test.　　　　　　 　 B．Change.
C．Replace. D．Disturb.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句前一句“Most illegal climbers...tour guides.”及后一句“They will also...or national property.”可推知，此处指非法的登山活动会干扰正常有序的登山，带来风险。故画线短语意为“干扰”。
7．What does paragraph 4 focus on about the notification
A．Its content. B．Its purpose.
C．Its background. D．Its impact.
A　解析：段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段介绍了申请表需填写的内容、对登山者的要求以及对地方政府部门的要求，即介绍了该通知的具体内容。
8．What does Kul Bahadur Gurung think of the Qomolangma climbing
A．It's a totally false idea.
B．It should be eco friendly.
C．It's highly professional.
D．It should be non profitable.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ Since the number...a totally false idea”可知，他认为“登顶珠穆朗玛峰很容易”这种想法是错误的。由此可推知，他认为攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项很专业的活动。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Liam Garner, an 18 year old high school graduate from Long Beach, California, has completed a solo journey of over 14，000 miles. He __1__ from Prudhoe Bay in Alaska to Ushuaia, the southernmost point of South America.
Garner had been __2__ by a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins and had __3__ ridden from Los Angeles to San Francisco. He __4__ on a mountain bike with only a tent, a sleeping bag, food and water, portable batteries, a medical kit and spare bike parts. Garner documented his __5__ on social media, cycling through 14 __6__， including Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Colombia, Peru, Chile and Argentina.
Although Garner's parents were worried about his __7__ at first, but both became active supporters of his adventure __8__. Worrying about his financial ability to complete the trip initially, Garner was able to __9__ on a budget of $430 per month. He was accompanied for part of the journey by a friend but travelled alone for the rest.
Garner was robbed at least five times, and he had to spend a month in hospital after coming off his __10__ in Colombia and landing on his head. Although experiencing some crushing lows, Garner __11__ cycling to be the best way to travel, “It's the most __12__ way to travel，” he says. “You __13__ so slow, and you have to physically work to get to places.”
Garner hopes to inspire others to start similar __14__ and to show that cycling can be an inexpensive way to travel，__15__ to people from all economic and ethnic backgrounds.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了18岁的高中毕业生利亚姆·加纳完成了一次超过14 000英里的独自旅行的故事。
1．A.cycled 　　　　　　　 B．hiked
C．drove D．jogged
A　解析：根据下文内容及语境可知，加纳骑自行车(cycle)旅行。
2．A.attracted B．inspired
C．amazed D．persuaded
B　解析：根据语境可知，加纳受到冒险家耶底底亚·詹金斯写的一本书的激励(inspire)。
3．A.seldom B．always
C．previously D．regularly
C　解析：根据下文“ridden from Los Angeles to San Francisco”可推知，加纳应该是以前(previously)就尝试过从洛杉矶骑到旧金山这种相对短途的骑行。
4．A.raced B．relaxed
C．travelled D．depended
C　解析：根据上文“has completed a solo journey of over 14，000 miles”可推知，加纳是骑着一辆山地车旅行(travel)。
5．A.behavior B．research
C．training D．journey
D　解析：根据上文“has completed a solo journey of over 14，000 miles”可推知，加纳记录的是他的旅程(journey)。
6．A.parks B．squares
C．countries D．museums
C　解析：根据下文“including Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Colombia, Peru, Chile and Argentina”可知，他骑行穿过了14个国家(country)。
7．A.safety B．future
C．education D．courage
A　解析：根据上文内容及语境可知，加纳只带着有限的东西骑车旅行，父母自然会担心他的安全(safety)。
8．A.in the end B．from then on
C．to some extent D．from time to time
A　解析：根据上文Although和at first可知，此处上下文语境有转折，上文说明父母一开始是担心的，最后(in the end)父母积极支持加纳。
9．A.agree B．settle
C．return D．survive
D　解析：根据上文“Worrying about his financial ability to complete the trip initially”可知，起初加纳是靠着有限的预算生存(survive)，以确保完成旅行。
10．A.horse B．bike
C．motorbike D．skateboard
B　解析：根据上文on a mountain bike可推知，加纳是从自行车(bike)上摔下来。
11．A.admits B．expects
C．requests D．considers
D　解析：根据下文“cycling to be the best way to travel”可推知，加纳认为(consider)骑自行车是最好、最舒适的(comfortable)旅行方式。
12．A.creative B．comfortable
C．professional D．challenging
B　解析：参见上题解析。
13．A.go B．run
C．start D．grow
A　解析：根据加纳骑自行车旅行并结合常识可推知，相比常见的旅行方式，这种方式走(go)得比较慢。
14．A.games B．businesses
C．adventures D．competitions
C　解析：根据上文“by a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins”及语境可推知，加纳希望激励其他人开始像骑自行车旅行这样的冒险(adventure)。
15．A.open B．known
C．related D．familiar
A　解析：根据下文“to people from all economic and ethnic backgrounds”并结合常识可推知，骑自行车旅行成本较低，难度也不大，对各种经济和种族背景的人都开放(open)。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
维度一　单句语法填空
1.Mary told us that she was__going(go) to Paris to attend a meeting the next Monday.
2．He hurried into the carriage. The train was__leaving(leave) in a few minutes.
3．It was reported that a new bridge would__be__built(build) across the Yangtze River the next year.
4．Now we can't do many things without the Internet. But no one could imagine the part it was to__play(play) in our daily life 20 years ago.
5．Hannah begged Annie not to tell anyone else what they had said, and Annie said she would__keep(keep) her secret.
6．Mother told me that she was__coming(come) to attend my graduation ceremony, which made me feel very happy and honored.
7．I was about to do my homework when my friend called me to invite me to join him for dinner.
8．There was no much time left. My brother said he was to__finish(finish) the work in a week.
9．Jack told me that he would__go(go) back to his native country next month.
10．(人教选必四U1)He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to__leave(leave) and Larry was to__return(return).
维度二　语法与写作
1．所有的迹象都表明，随时可能下一场大雨。
All the signs showed that a heavy rain was__going__to__happen at anytime.
2．我正要放弃的时候，他向我伸出了援助之手，这让我非常感激，并激励我继续坚持下去。
I was__about__to__give__up__when he lent me a hand, which made me feel grateful and motivated to continue.
3．他说他打算明年去环游世界，并对此充满期待。
He said that he was__to__take/was__going__to__take__a__trip__around__the__world next year, and he was really looking forward to it.
4．她希望他们有一天能再次相见，一想到这个，她的脸上就露出了微笑。
She hoped that they would__meet__again__someday,__and the thought of it brought a smile to her face.
维度三　语篇填空
Yesterday was the Dragon Boat Festival, a traditional festival of China. I telephoned my friend the day before yesterday to ask what we 1.were__to__do/were__going__to__do(计划做什么) next day.He told me that he 2.was__going__to__row/was__to__row(打算去划船) on the lake. I thought it was a good idea. Next day, I 3.was__about__to__set__off__when(刚要动身，这时) someone knocked at the door. When the door was opened I found my neighbour waiting outside. To be honest, I didn't expect 4.he__was__coming(他要来). He told me that his pipe burst, and it 5.would__flood__the__whole__house(将会淹没整个房子), so he needed my help. It seemed that the travel plan 6.was__going__to__fail(要失败了)! However, I felt glad to help others.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·陕西部分名校高一期中)Mack Rutherford, born on June 21, 2005, has become the youngest person to fly around the world alone in a small plane after taking off on March 23, 2022.Five months later, he touched down in Bulgaria (保加利亚), where his journey began, according to Rutherford's website. He turned 17 years old during the trip.
Rutherford flew through 52 countries on a specially prepared plane, according to his website. His journey was tracked on his website, which showed he set off for the Mediterranean (地中海) then through the Sahara, onwards through the Middle East and then East Asia. He broke two world records, previously held by his older sister Zara Rutherford, as the youngest person to fly around the world alone and also the youngest person to do so in such a small plane. He entered his last__leg through the United States, Canada and Mexico before flying back through Europe.
The teenager was just 15 years old when he received his pilot's license (许可证), becoming the youngest pilot in the world. “Having flown hundreds of hours with my dad, who is a professional pilot, I have known for certain I wanted to fly. I think there's something I can actually try to struggle for and achieve，” he said. “I also want to use the opportunity to meet young people on my route who do amazing things or make a difference to their communities or even to the world，” he wrote before flying off.
There were several “hairy” moments during his journey, he said, but he never gave up. His journey even took him to a deserted island in the North Pacific after strong headwinds forced him to land during a flight from Japan to the United States. “I was forced to face it on my own—but that was definitely an amazing experience，” he said.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了马克·卢瑟福在他17岁时完成单人环球飞行，成为目前世界上最年轻的独自环球飞行的人。
1．What can we know about Mack Rutherford
A．He started his journey at the age of 16.
B．He was forced to fly around the world.
C．He visited every country of five continents.
D．He is the first to fly around the world alone.
A　解析： 数字计算题。根据第一段中的“Mack Rutherford, born on June 21，2005”及“taking off on March 23，2022”可知，卢瑟福是在16岁时开始他的旅程的。
2．What do the underlined words “last leg” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Losing control.
B．The final period of his trip.
C．Injuring his leg.
D．A dangerous situation.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“He entered his last leg through the United States, Canada and Mexico before flying back through Europe.”可知，他越过美国、加拿大和墨西哥，最后飞回欧洲，因此美国、加拿大和墨西哥是他旅程的最后一段。由此可知，last leg意为“最后一段旅程”。
3．Which can best describe Mack Rutherford
A．Intelligent and warm hearted.
B．Generous and hardworking.
C．Determined and humorous.
D．Ambitious and adventurous.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I think there's something I can actually try to struggle for and achieve”以及最后一段中的“There were several ‘hairy’ moments during his journey, he said, but he never gave up.”可知，马克·卢瑟福是一个有抱负的、勇于冒险的人。
4．What kind of article is this passage most likely to be
A．A survey report.　 B．A travel guideline.
C．A news report. D．A book review.
C　解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了马克·卢瑟福在17岁时完成单人环球飞行，成为目前世界上最年轻的独自环球飞行的人，由此可推知，本文最可能是一篇新闻报道。
B
Since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay climbed Mount Everest, Mount Qomolangma's peak is no longer a lonely place and is turning into a trash heap.
So far，a large number of climbers have successfully reached the peak.And they have complained about waiting for hours in the bottlenecks (狭窄路段) on the way to the peak, a situation that isn't just uncomfortable—it's cold and windy up there—but downright dangerous. If bad weather strikes, climbers may die.
As a matter of fact, the dangerous crowds aren't the only problem on Mount Qomolangma. All those climbers need to bring a lot of gear—and much of it ends up being left on the mountain, sometimes even the peak itself.Mount Qomolangma is becoming the world's largest rubbish dump.Here's mountaineer Mark Jenkins' writing in National Geographic about the state of Mount Qomolangma，“The two standard routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are badly polluted with oxygen cans and torn tents everywhere.”
But the good news is that some mountaineers are taking on the work to clean up Mount Qomolangma. Mountaineer Paul Thelen and his friend Eberhard Schaaf are part of the annual Eco Everest Expedition，which has been cleaning up rubbish from base camps to the peak since 2008.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for a higher purpose.As part of the Mt.Everest 8，848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage brought down the mountain by climbers.They've transformed the cans and oxygen tanks—and in one case, part of the remains of a helicopter—into 74 pieces of art that have already gone on exhibition in Nepal's capital.Part of the profit from sales will go to an association, which has helped collect tons of rubbish on the slopes of the mountain.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于攀登人数增加，珠穆朗玛峰正在变成一个垃圾场，幸而有一些登山者正主动承担起清理垃圾的责任。
5．What do we learn about the bottlenecks on the way to Mount Qomolangma's peak
A．They are relatively safe.
B．They are often crowded.
C．They are very easy to pass.
D．They are sites of base camps.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And they have complained about waiting for hours in the bottlenecks on the way to the peak”可知，攀登者在通过去珠穆朗玛峰顶峰的狭窄路段时要等很长时间，故狭窄路段经常很拥挤。
6．What does the underlined word “gear” mean
A．Equipment for climbing mountains.
B．The food climbers brought onto the mountain.
C.Some important machines used in the bottlenecks.
D．Some rubbish found on the mountain.
A　解析：词义猜测题。结合语境并根据第三段中的“The two standard routes...and torn tents everywhere.”可知，两个线路到处都被氧气罐和撕破的帐篷所污染，由此可推知，画线词指的是“登山者用的登山设备”。
7．What did the group of 15 Nepali artists do according to the last paragraph
A．They created works of art using rubbish from Mount Qomolangma.
B．They were employed to recycle the rubbish.
C．They climbed Mount Qomolangma and collected 1.5 tons of trash.
D．They painted 74 beautiful pictures of Mount Qomolangma's peak.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As part of...in Nepal's capital.”可知，由15个尼泊尔艺术家组成的小组用珠穆朗玛峰上的垃圾创作出了艺术品。
8．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Economical Travel Proves Successful
B．Mount Qomolangma Has Hope of Being Clean
C．How to Protect Yourself on Mount Qomolangma
D．How to Climb Mount Qomolangma
B　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容和第四段中的“But the good news is that...to clean up Mount Qomolangma.”可知，由于攀登人数增加，珠穆朗玛峰正在变成一个垃圾场，幸而有一些登山者正主动承担起清理垃圾的责任。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·深圳高一期中)
The Science of Risk Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 1.________ Some of us enjoy activities that would astonish and scare the rest of us. Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why we take risks might relate to early humans. Risk takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.2.________ As the quality of risk taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then Well, even 200，000 years ago, too much risk taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay in the cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exist today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.3.________
No matter where you are on the risk seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4.________ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
5．________ For the risk seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A．It all depends on your character.
B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D．Thus, these well equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据。
1．F　解析：根据上文“Sometimes we decide...the risk seems worth taking.”可知，有时，我们认为一点不必要的危险是值得的，因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险似乎是值得承担的。F项承接上文，形成转折关系。F项中的“weigh risks and rewards”和上文中的“weigh the risk and the reward”相呼应。
2．C　解析：上文“Risk takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.”提到了冒险者更擅长的一些事情。C项承接上文，符合语境。C项中的“Being better at those things”和上文中的“were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring”相呼应。
3．A　解析：根据上文“As a result...or maybe you hate it.”可知，人类形成了一系列至今仍然存在的性格类型，所以，也许你喜欢赛车，也许你讨厌赛车。A项承接上文，且A项中的“character”和上文中的“a range of character types”相呼应。
4．E　解析：根据上文“scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years”和下文“To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.”可知，E项承上启下，符合语境。
5．G　解析：根据下文“For the risk seekers...fear becomes active.”可知，不同的人的大脑在面对风险时表现会不一样。G项引出下文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·福州高级中学高一期中)I climbed Kilimanjaro with Lava Expeditions (探险队) during the rainy season.
I 1.____________(fly) to Nairobi in Kenya and spent several days there. At my hotel in Nairobi I met the rest of the group with whom I would spend the next week. We all travelled on the bus together for 2.____________ 8 hour journey into Tanzania and then Arusha, a quiet place.
After we arrived at our hotel in Arusha, we had dinner and a few drinks. Then we 3.____________(introduce) to more members including Taddeus Minja, the main guide，4.____________was very experienced—climbing Kilimanjaro runs in the generations of his family.
The next day the Lava Expeditions members checked if we had the correct and enough clothing for our expedition on Kilimanjaro. Only one person needed to bring 5.____________(many) clothes.
After that we set off，6.____________(walk) in the rain through the beauty of the rainforest, all the way to the first camp. I was happy the next few days as the view was so 7.____________(wonder) and changed every day. I suffered a little during the trip and I felt so tired. But the members of Lava Expeditions provided me with lots of encouragement, which was one of the best 8.____________(memory). Finally we reached the top of Kilimanjaro in bright blue skies.
I felt excited about climbing Kilimanjaro and the feeling didn't change during my trip. The fellow members of Lava Expeditions looked 9.____________ me so well that I was 10.____________ (deep) thankful for their help.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己和熔岩探险队一起攀登乞力马扎罗山的经历，并感激熔岩探险队成员对自己的帮助。
1．flew　解析：考查动词的时态。根据下文and spent several days there可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，空处应用一般过去时。
2．an　解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示“一段8小时的旅程”，且8 hour 的发音以元音音素开头，空处应用不定冠词an。
3．were introduced　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语动词，主语we与动词introduce之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语we为复数，be动词应用were。
4．who　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词guide，且从句缺少主语，指人，应用who引导。
5．more　解析：考查比较级。结合语境可知，此处表示“更多的”，应用比较级more。
6．walking　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句中已有谓语set off，空处应用非谓语动词。walk与其逻辑主语we之间构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。
7．wonderful　解析：考查形容词。空处作表语，应用形容词形式。
8．memories　解析：考查名词复数。memory作“回忆、记忆”讲时，为可数名词；“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”。
9．after　解析：考查介词。结合句意可知，熔岩探险队的同伴们把作者照顾得很好，作者对他们的帮助深表感谢。look after为固定搭配，意为“照顾”。
10．deeply　解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词thankful，应用副词形式。Period 4　Writing
INCLUDEPICTURE "主题引领情境写作LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../主题引领情境写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../主题引领情境写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../主题引领情境写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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假如你是李华，暑假里和父母去法恩群岛(Farne Islands)进行了一次海底探险，体验了一次海底潜水。请根据下面的内容，写一篇英语短文，介绍你的潜水经历：
1．穿上潜水装备，跟潜水教练一起下水；
2．跟海豹在多彩缤纷的水下世界中近距离接触；
3．自我感受。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
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1．我以前从没想过我会进行海底探险。
I had never thought I could start__an__adventure__under__the__sea before.
2．我父母带我去了法恩群岛，我在那里试着潜水。
My parents took me to the Farne Islands and I tried__diving__there．
3．潜水的难度比我想象的要小得多。
Diving was much__less__difficult__than__I__had__imagined．
4．在教练的指导下，我穿上装备，跟在他后面。
Under__the__guidance__of my instructor, I put on the instruments and followed him.
5．我可以看到深蓝色的海浪上下移动，还有小鱼在游动。
I could see__deep__blue__waves__moving__up__and__down and small fishes swimming.
6．我转过身来，几乎惊呆了——那是一只巨大的公海豹。
I turned__around and almost got astonished—it was a huge male seal.
7．我把手放在它的背上，试着摸它光滑的皮肤。
I put__my__hands__on__its__back__ and tried to feel its smooth skin.
8．这里的世界如此安静，以至于我觉得时间已经停止了。
The world here was so__quiet__that__I__felt__that__time__had__stopped．
9．最后，我的教练示意我上去。
Finally, my instructor gestured__for__me__to__go__up．
10．刚才发生的一切就像一场梦。
Everything__that__happened__just__now was like a dream.
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11．【读教材原句】　(教材P67)Sadly, Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924, although his body would not be found until many years later.
【记句式】　“not...until”句型
【学仿写】　用“not...until”句型合并句1和句2
I__had__never__thought__I__could__start__an__adventure__under__the__sea__until__my__parents__took__me__to__the__Farne__Islands__and__I__tried__diving__there.
12．【读教材原句】　(教材P67)For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel weak and others, powerful.
【记句式】　现在分词短语作伴随状语
【学仿写】　用现在分词短语作伴随状语升级句7
I__put__my__hands__on__its__back，trying__to__feel__its__smooth__skin.
13．【读教材原句】　(教材P67)What we get from this adventure is just sheer joy.
【记句式】　what引导主语从句
【学仿写】　用what引导主语从句升级句10
What__happened__just__now__was__like__a__dream.
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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
I had never thought I could start an adventure under the sea until my parents took me to the Farne Islands and I tried diving there.
Diving was much less difficult than I had imagined.Under the guidance of my instructor, I put on the instruments and followed him.At first, I could see nothing, but gradually, I could see deep blue waves moving up and down and small fishes swimming. When we reached the spot, something big appeared on my right.I turned around and almost got astonished—it was a huge male seal. I put my hands on its back，trying to feel its smooth skin.The world here was so quiet that I felt that time had stopped.Finally, my instructor gestured for me to go up.
What happened just now was like a dream.
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假如你是李华，请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍一次令你难忘的海底探险活动，内容包括：
1．活动时间和地点；
2．活动过程；
3．个人感受。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
I had always been looking forward to diving. Last summer in Sanya, I went diving for the first time, which became the most exciting experience I'd ever had.
With my instructor guiding me, we managed to reach the spot, where we came across hundreds of seals. At first I was so scared, fearing they would attack me, but the instructor told me they were harmless. One of the seals just touched me lightly with its body, as if wanting to hug me.
Finally, I had to leave when my instructor gestured for me to go up. Although tiring, it was an exciting and unforgettable adventure.
INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 写作二　读后续写登峰篇——慈善组织成员凯茜整理书籍时拾金不昧
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在记叙文中，结尾起到至关重要的作用。读后续写的主题往往是积极向上的，因此可以通过表达人生感悟、生活真谛、人生观或价值观来升华主题。除了点明故事结局以外，也会和原文相互照应，点明主旨，深化主题。
主题升华包括以下方面：
·揭示事物的普遍规律；
·由具体的人、物、事概括出世间的一般道理；
·合理迁移，由此及彼，由个体联系到整体，大至国家社会，小至企业、家庭等。
因此，一个好的结尾，往往起到画龙点睛的作用，既能够展现学生的视野和见识， 又能够有效地总结全文，并且提升续写文章的档次。 常见结尾如下：
1．常用的三种结尾类型
(1)首尾呼应法：关注标题和开头所表达的主题
①原文开头：
*I had an interesting childhood. It was filled with surprises and amusements, all because of my mother—loving, sweet, yet absent minded and forgetful.
我有一个有趣的童年。它充满了惊喜和乐趣，这一切都是因为我的母亲——可爱、温柔，却又心不在焉、健忘。
②续写结尾：
*Despite Mom's being absent minded and forgetful, she was still a kind and nice Mom, offering a great deal of happiness and unforgettable memories.
尽管妈妈心不在焉、健忘，但她仍然是一个和蔼可亲的妈妈，给了我很多快乐和难忘的回忆。
(2)主题升华：也称哲理式结尾，即在结尾用富含哲理的语句，总结全文，升华主旨，并给人以启发。学生在日常学习中，可以积累一些富含哲理的段落或句子，如果引用得当，不仅能深化主题，而且能引人深思，给读者以有益的启迪。
*It turned out that a simple act of kindness not only helped a person in need but also made a difference to the suffering community.
事实证明，一个小小的善行不仅帮助了有需要的人，还为有困难的社区带来了改变。
(3)自然而然的结尾：顺着文章发展的自然趋势结束全文。自然式结尾简单、自然，使文章的结构显得十分完整。
*Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. When the sun went down, we returned home happily.
钓鱼累了，我们躺在河岸边，沐浴在阳光下。当太阳下山的时候，我们高兴地回家了。
2．四个高分结尾句型
(1)It turned out to be 句型＋not only...but (also)...
*It turned out to be a rewarding/unforgettable experience, where Mary not only harvested friendship, but also became a better version of herself.　这证明是一次有益的/难忘的经历，在这次经历中，玛丽不仅收获了友谊，而且也成了更好的自己。
(2)One thing is for certain—主句＋which引导的非限制性定语从句
*One thing is for certain—Mary benefited greatly from this experience, which will go a long way with her/gave her the sweet taste of friendship and happiness.
有一件事是肯定的——玛丽从这次经历中受益匪浅，这将伴她走很长一段路/让她尝到了友谊和幸福的甜蜜滋味。
(3)强调句型
*It is through this painful experience that Mary learned the value of friendship and enjoyed real/genuine happiness in life.
正是通过这次痛苦的经历，玛丽才认识到友谊的价值并享受到生活中真正的幸福。
(4)含蓄虚拟句
*But for this valuable experience, Mary wouldn't have learned/known the importance of friendship.
要不是这次宝贵的经历，玛丽就不会了解到友谊的重要性。
3．不同主题语境的高分结尾
(1)人与自我：往往归结到个人的积极改变和成长。
*But for this unforgettable experience, I would never have realized the importance of helping others in times of hardship.
要不是这次难忘的经历，我永远不会意识到在困难时帮助别人的重要性。
*Only then did I realize that it was bravery and determination that could conquer all the difficulties.
那时我才意识到勇敢和决心可以战胜一切困难。
*Hard work paid off eventually.
努力工作最终会有回报。
(2)人与社会：往往归结到人与人之间的和谐相处或者互帮互助。
①亲情
*One thing is for certain, what matters most in the world is family.
有一件事是肯定的，世界上最重要的是家庭。
②友情、师生情
*As the famous saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
正如那句名言所说，“患难见真情。”
*It is through this unforgettable experience that I have realized that my teacher is the person who offered me unconditioned support.
正是通过这次难忘的经历，我意识到我的老师是无条件支持我的人。
③社会温情
*From then on, I was determined to try my best to help more people in the future to make our world a better place.
从那时起，我决心尽我最大的努力在未来帮助更多的人，使我们的世界变成一个更加美好的地方。
*One thing is for certain—any act of kindness, however small, can make a difference.
有一件事是肯定的——任何善举，无论多么渺小，都能产生影响。
*Love/Kindness is one thing that really deserves to be passed on from one to another.
爱/善良是一件真正值得传递的东西。
④救援脱困
*What an unforgettable experience! It turns out that there's always a way out of any trouble as long as we stay calm.
多么难忘的一次经历啊！事实证明，只要我们保持冷静，任何困难都是有办法解决的。
*From the story/experience, we can learn that a good knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
从这个故事/经历中，我们可以了解到，良好的急救知识可以起到真正的作用。
(3)人与自然：往往归结到人与自然和谐共生、相互依存。
*From then on, I realized that only in this way can we live in harmony with nature.
从那时起，我意识到只有这样我们才能与自然和谐相处。
*Humans and nature depend on each other. Let's live in harmony with the natural world and protect nature, for it is our home and future.
人与自然相互依存。让我们与自然世界和谐生存，保护自然，因为它是我们的家园和未来。
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阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]There are a number of volunteer organizations out there that deal in things like clothing donations and the sale of remaining books. Retired schoolteacher Cathy McAllister has been a member of such an organization, VNSA, since 2012. Her duties in this regard involve working throughout the year to help prepare the books for their February sale and acting as personnel chair for the sale itself. This means that she helps coordinate (协调) all the other volunteers that help out before, during, and after the event.
[2]It was before the 2019 book sale and Cathy once again found herself sitting among a towering pile of books and sorting through them to ensure that they would be in good enough condition to resell. As she was sorting, she came upon a book. The slightly broken book was in fair condition but it was one of four copies she had already found. The other three were much better than this one. Though she didn't like doing it, she had done this long enough to know that the only remaining choice was to throw it into the pile for repurposing.
[3]A greedy book lover herself, Cathy felt guilty about throwing away a perfectly good book. Before she threw it away, she decided to check for more serious damage inside that might justify her giving it up. She opened the cover and moved to fan through the pages when she noticed something unusual.
[4]When she opened the cover, Cathy was surprised to see that a part had been hollowed out inside the book. It looked as though someone had taken an X Acto knife and rather expertly hollowed out a significant space. What's more, the book's previous owner had chosen to hide something in that space. She looked down and saw that someone had hidden four packages in the space, each containing ten$100 bills. Cathy's first thought was that the bills were toy money that perhaps a kid had hidden inside as part of some childish game or something.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
But Cathy soon realized that these were real $100 bills.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Luckily for Cathy, the book also contained the name of the book owner.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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【Settings背景】
When&Where [2]It was before__the__2019__book__sale and Cathy once again found herself sitting among a__towering__pile__of__books and sorting through them to ensure that they would be in good enough condition to resell.
【Characters角色】
Who Cathy;__the book owner
【Plots情节】
What [2]As she was sorting, she came upon a__book. [3]Before she threw it away, she decided to check__for__more__serious__damage__inside that might justify her giving it up.[3]She opened the cover and moved to fan__through__the__pages when she noticed something unusual.[4]She looked down and saw that someone had__hidden__four__packages in the space, each containing ten $100 bills.
Why [1]Her duties in this regard involve working throughout the year to help__prepare__the__books for their February sale and acting as personnel chair for the sale itself.
【Feelings情感】
How [3]A greedy__book__lover herself, Cathy felt guilty about throwing away a perfectly good book. [4]When she opened the cover, Cathy was__surprised__to__see that a part had been hollowed out inside the book.
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Theme(正能量原则) While sorting out books, Cathy noticed something unusual. She found four packages in a book, each containing ten__$100__bills. She managed to find the__book__owner and returned the money. Finally, the book owner donated a large amount of money in return for Cathy's honesty．
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每段三个微情节(Q&A策略)：注重衔接和冲突解决原则
第一段段首句：But Cathy soon realized that these were real $100 bills.
[Question 1]　How did she feel
[Answer]　She__felt__surprised.
[Question 2]　What was her second thought
[Answer]　She__wanted__to__do__charity__with__the__money.
[Question 3]　What was her decision
[Answer]　She__decided__to__return__it__to__its__owner.
第二段段首句：Luckily for Cathy, the book also contained the name of the book owner.
[Question 1]　What did Cathy do
[Answer]　She__turned__to__the__Internet__for__help.
[Question 2]　How did she find the book owner
[Answer]　Numerous__volunteers__online__helped__her__to__find__the__owner.
[Question 3]　What did the book owner do
[Answer]　The__book__owner__donated__a__large__amount__of__money__in__return__for__Cathy's__honesty.
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精彩结尾公式：首尾呼应；主题升华；自然而然的结尾
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1．有许多志愿组织在那里处理像捐赠衣服和出售剩余书籍这样的事务。
There are a number of volunteer__organizations out there that deal in things like clothing donations and the__sale__of__remaining__books. (开头给出背景信息：“志愿者组织”和“卖书”，推动故事情节发展)
2．自2012年以来，退休教师凯茜·麦卡利斯特一直是VNSA这样一个组织的成员。
Retired__schoolteacher Cathy McAllister has been a member of such__an__organization,__VNSA, since 2012.(文章的主要人物及慈善组织出现，为下文做铺垫)
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他们非常感谢凯茜的诚实，以至他们最终向VNSA捐赠了一大笔钱来表达他们的感激之情。
So thankful were they for Cathy's honesty that they actually ended up donating__a__generous__amount__to__VNSA__to__show__their__gratitude．(精彩结尾公式：自然而然的结尾)
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1．她惊讶地张大了嘴。
Her__mouth dropped open in surprise. (无生命名词作主语)
2．很明显，这本书的主人曾选择把4 000美元藏在书里。
It__was__obvious__that someone who owned the book had chosen to hide $ 4，000 inside the book. (it作形式主语)
3．看到这些钱，凯茜的第二个想法是这些钱足够做慈善了。
Upon seeing the money, Cathy's second thought was that__this__was__sufficient__to__do__charity．(that引导表语从句)
4．用这个名字，凯茜也许能找到它的合法主人。
Using__this__name,__Cathy might be able to find its rightful owner.(v. ing形式作状语)
5．谢天谢地，这本书的前主人碰巧有一个非常不寻常的姓氏，这让搜索变得容易多了。
Thankfully, the book's previous owner happened to have a pretty unusual last name, which__made__the__search__much__easier．(which引导非限制性定语从句)
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But Cathy soon realized that these were real $100 bills.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Luckily for Cathy, the book also contained the name of the book owner.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
But Cathy soon realized that these were real $100 bills. Her mouth dropped open in surprise. Cathy was lost in thought. It was obvious that someone who owned the book had chosen to hide $4，000 inside the book. Upon seeing the money, Cathy's second thought was that this was sufficient to do charity. She didn't bother considering keeping the money herself, but it just didn't feel right to keep it for any reason. Regardless of how much good she thought she might be able to do with the money, Cathy decided that the only realistic choice left to her was to return it to its owner.
Luckily for Cathy, the book also contained the name of the book owner. Using this name, Cathy might be able to find its rightful owner. She turned to the Internet for help. Unexpectedly, she received more than 1，000 comments within ten minutes. Thankfully, the book's previous owner happened to have a pretty unusual last name, which made the search much easier. With the help of numerous volunteers online, Cathy found the owner successfully in just about half an hour. As it turned out, the money belonged to a man and his daughter. So thankful were they for Cathy's honesty that they actually ended up donating a generous amount to VNSA to show their gratitude.单元过关检测(五)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Why did the woman feel upset
A．She lost her schoolbook.
B．She was late for school.
C．Her mother got angry with her.
2．Who cooks dinner today
A．Susie. B．Dad. C．Mum.
3．What does the man suggest the woman do
A．Learn surfing from an app.
B．Watch some surfing shows.
C．Buy things needed for surfing.
4．Who will hand in the report
A．The woman.
B．The man.
C．Neither.
5．How long will the boy be away from school
A．It's uncertain.
B．For two days.
C．For a week.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What job is the man applying for
A．A language teacher.
B．A teaching assistant.
C．A table tennis coach.
7．What language is the woman weak in
A．English. B．Chinese. C．French.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What's the woman's attitude towards her trying
A．Disappointed.
B．Confident.
C．Interested.
9．Which of the following has been tried
A．Doing exercise.
B．Writing books.
C．Going on diets.
10．What does the man advise the woman to do
A．Keep her lifestyle.
B．Improve her health.
C．Save her energy.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．How long has the man played the piano up to now
A．For 10 years.
B．For 15 years.
C．For 20 years.
12．What do we know about the man
A．He started to write music at ten years old.
B．He enjoys giving concerts in schools.
C．His CDs have become the bestseller.
13．How does the woman like the man
A．Creative. B．Excellent. C．Ordinary.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Why does the man call
A．To make an appointment.
B．To have a talk with Mr Dionis.
C．To know about the goods from Athens.
15．Who is the woman
A．Mr. Hall's secretary.
B．Mr. Dionis' secretary.
C．Mr. Dionis' partner.
16．When will Mr. Hall meet Mr. Dionis
A．Next week. B．May 3rd. C．May 4th.
17．How will the speakers confirm the appointment
A．By email. B．By letter. C．By phone.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．On which day is World Sleep Day held
A．March 21. B．March 25. C．March 31.
19．What benefit is mentioned about enough sleep
A．Being stronger.
B．Being cleverer.
C．Being more active.
20．What percentage of adults have the full eight hours' sleep each day
A．21%. B．27%. C．80%.
答案：1～5.CBAAA　6～10.CBACB
11～15.ABBAB　16～20.CAABA
听力材料
(Text 1)
M：What's wrong with you？You look like you just failed at school.
W：No, I just failed an exam. But my mum got angry with me this time.①
(Text 2)
W：I'll help cook dinner when I finish my homework, Dad.
M：Thank you for your offer, Susie, but until you have taken your exams, I will do all the cooking.
W：Thank you, Dad.②
(Text 3)
W：Speaking of surfing, I have one slight problem.I can't surf.
M：Well, there is an app you can download.It will show you everything you need to know about surfing.③
(Text 4)
M：The thing to keep in mind is to be clear and brief when you write your report.
W：Oh, before I forget, when is it due, Professor Lawrence？④
M：It's due a week from today.
(Text 5)
M：How long will I have to stay out of school
W：That depends.⑤You still have a fever.Let me feel your forehead.
(Text 6)
M：Hello, are you Helen Miller
W：Hi, yes.
M：I'm Peter Clark. I've learned that you are looking for a schoolmate to be your table tennis coach.⑥
W：Yes.When did you begin to practice playing table tennis
M：At the age of five.And I took part in my first table tennis competition when I was in Grade 4.I won first prize.
W：You are really great.Can you speak English I have difficulty in communicating in Chinese.⑦
M：Yes, I'm fluent in English.
W：I think you have all the qualities of being a table tennis coach.
(Text 7)
M：Oh, you got me all wrong！Maybe you'll just have to try a little harder...
W：But I really am! And I've tried everything: pills, all kinds of diets, best selling books—you name it！⑨ I feel like I'm doing everything right but I still keep getting bad news！⑧
M：Well, you must be doing something wrong.To be honest, I'd say what you really need is an overall change of lifestyle.
W：Yeah，you're probably right but I've been so caught up in the work deadlines.Whenever I'm upset or tense, I'll head straight for the fridge.
M：Well, habits like that are hard to break.What I'm saying is that instead of always thinking about your weight, you could try to improve your health and increase your energy levels.⑩
(Text 8)
W：Hi，welcome to Musical Talent！My name is Jane Brown and today I'm talking to Charlie from Seattle.Charlie, tell us about your music.
M：Hi, Jane.I love music! I started playing the piano when I was 5 years old. Now，I write songs, sing and play the piano in a band.
W：That's wonderful！What kind of music do you write
M：Well, I write pop music，and I like playing rock, too.
W：Have you ever played at any concerts
M：Yes, I have.Our band went to about ten schools in Seattle.It was a lot of fun.
W：Have you made a CD yet
M：Yes，I have.I made one last year.It's called Someone Like You, and I've already sold 5，000 CDs.
W：Wow.How old are you
M：I'm 15.
W：That's great！
(Text 9)
W：Okay，how can I help you，Mr. Hall？
M：Well，I'd like an appointment with Mr. Dionis.
W：Can you tell me what it's about
M：Certainly.I'd like to discuss the transport of goods from Singapore to Athens.
W：I see.When would be a good time for you to come here
M：May I suggest next week
W：I'm sorry, next week's not possible—Mr. Dionis is away next week. How about the beginning of next month
M：Yes, that would be okay. Could we say Monday，3rd of May
W：Er, unfortunately, Mr. Dionis is busy all day on that Monday.He could make it, Tuesday, 4th.
M：That's fine. Shall we say 10：00 a．m.
W：Yes，that's a good time for us. Er...can I ask you to confirm by email And would you like us to book you a hotel
M：I'll email you, and thank you.The hotel booking isn't necessary.I think that's everything，for now.
W：Right，many thanks. We look forward to your email to confirm the meeting. Goodbye，Mr. Hall.
M：Bye for now.
(Text 10)
World Sleep Day is held on March 21 every year. The aim of World Sleep Day is to celebrate the benefits of good and healthy sleep.Events involving discussions，presentations of educational materials and exhibitions take place around the world and online.
Sleep quality plays a key role in people's health.Researchers say that there are a lot of advantages if we always get enough sleep. We can be smarter， thinner, healthier and more cheerful.Also, we're to have better skin, better memories and longer lives.When you lose even one hour of sleep for any reason, it will influence your performance next day.
In general，adults are thought to need at least eight hours of sleep a night, but a recent survey found that, on workdays, only 21% of them really get the full eight hours' sleep, and another 21% get less than six.For teenagers, a healthy amount is about eight to nine hours per night.However，about 80% of high school students don't get enough sleep because of their schoolwork or some bad habits.
27% of people throughout the world have sleep problems.Now there are over 80 kinds of sleep disorders，and most people know little about their danger.So，for our good life and work, it's necessary for us to realize the importance of sleep and try to have a good sleep.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Most Extreme Travel Adventures in the World
The driest place on Earth：Atacama Desert, Chile
You'll definitely need the right kind of sunscreen if you plan on travelling through this desert. From October 1903 to January 1918, Arica did not see so much as one drop of rain, making it the longest rainless period in the world's recorded history. Less populated, the Atacama Desert has several hotels to choose from that cater to tourists who come to explore the land.
The hottest place on Earth：Lut Desert, Iran
Here, temperatures soar to as high as 158 degrees Fahrenheit, so it's important to have a game plan for staying cool and know the signs of heatstroke in case you develop symptoms. According to a local legend, the name Dasht e Lut means “toasted wheat” in Persian, referencing a story about a load of wheat that burst into flames after being accidentally left out in the desert for a few days. Though tourists visit this desert land, it's a destination only for those willing to take up the challenge of surviving the heat and the unbearably dry climate.
The closest place to outer space: Mount Chimborazo, Ecuador
An inactive volcano (火山) that last erupted in approximately 550 AD, Mount Chimborazo stands at over 20，000 feet high. While Mount Everest is over 29，000 feet tall, due to the position of the mountain on the earth's surface, the peak of Mount Qomolangma is the furthest spot from the center of the Earth. That also means that standing on it will put you closest to outer space, which humans can't get to on foot.
The most isolated place on Earth: Tristan da Cunha, the United Kingdom
Are you looking for a getaway from your daily life Forget these popular island getaways; this is about as far away from it as you can get. Discovered by Portuguese explorer Tristao da Cunha in 1506, the island is home to fewer than 300 inhabitants and has no airport. Tristan da Cunha is accessible only by sea.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个世界上最极端的旅行目的地：地球上最干燥的地方、最热的地方、最接近外太空的地方和最偏僻的地方。
21．Which of the following is a must during your visit to the Atacama Desert
A．Booking a suitable hotel.
B．Having a basic knowledge of Martian soil.
C．Having a game plan for staying cool.
D．Buying a suitable sunscreen.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据The driest place on Earth: Atacama Desert, Chile部分中的“You'll definitely need the right kind of sunscreen if you plan on travelling through this desert.”可知，在你去阿塔卡马沙漠的时候，防晒霜是必需品。
22．Which place best suits people who have a high tolerance to high temperature
A．The Atacama Desert.
B．The Lut Desert.
C．Mount Chimborazo.
D．Tristan da Cunha.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据The hottest place on Earth: Lut Desert, Iran部分中的“Here, temperatures soar to as high as 158 degrees Fahrenheit”及“it's a destination only...unbearably dry climate”可知，卢特沙漠适合可以忍耐高温的人们。
23．How can one get to Tristan da Cunha
A．By plane.　　　　　 B．By boat.
C．By train. D．By car.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据The most isolated place on Earth: Tristan da Cunha, the United Kingdom部分中的“Tristan da Cunha is accessible only by sea.”可知，只能通过海路到达岛上。因此，要去这里需要乘船。
B
For Christina and her team, planting trees isn't the only goal. She hopes to employ residents, especially youth, to get their hands in the dirt and see how they can grow change.
Groundwork Bridgeport hired a team of youth and trained them to provide ongoing care for trees in the community (社区). They serve the neighborhoods where they live, monitoring the trees, providing basic care, and connecting with their neighbors. Their “patrolling” is improving each tree's longevity while giving them valuable experience and a good payment.
“We're using data and technology to be able to find even down to the specific city block of where trees are needed the most，” said Amy Lester, Ventures Project Coordinator, Arbor Day Foundation. A tech and research company helps the Arbor Day Foundation determine where trees are needed most in urban spaces by the company's nature score system. According to the nature score system, the east Bridgeport neighborhood was flagged as desperately needing trees. The most recent program that happened in partnership with the Arbor Day Foundation was a tree giveaway. Fifty trees were given to residents of the neighborhood identified by the company.
Residents showed their support for the effort by coming out in full force. They know what the trees mean to their community, to their health, to the next generation of those growing up in east Bridgeport.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了克里斯蒂娜和她的团队如何通过雇用当地居民，特别是青年人，来参与树木的种植与护理工作的故事。
24．What did Groundwork Bridgeport hire a youth team to do
A．To cut down trees.
B．To provide guidance.
C．To care for trees.
D．To get a good payment.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Groundwork Bridgeport hired a team of youth...in the community.”可知，布里奇波特雇用了一个青年团队来照顾树木。
25．How did the tech and research company help the Foundation locate areas where trees are needed most
A．By counting numbers.
B．By using technology.
C．By giving away trees.
D．By observing trees.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We're using data and technology...where trees are needed most in urban spaces”可知，该公司通过使用数据和技术帮助基金会定位最需要树木的地区。
26．Which of the following best describes the impact of the giveaway project
A．Far reaching. B．One sided.
C．Short lived. D．Time wasting.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段、第四段内容可知，当地居民深知这些树木对于他们的社区、健康以及对于在东布里奇波特成长的下一代意味着什么。由此可推知，树木赠送活动是影响深远的。
27．What can be the best title for the passage
A.A Tree Planting Plan by Groundwork Bridgeport
B．Employ the Next Generation of Tree Planters
C.A Tree Giveaway Program to Communities
D.Tree Planting Cooperation Between Communities
B　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容可知，本文讲述了克里斯蒂娜和她的团队如何通过雇用当地居民，特别是青年人，来参与树木的种植与护理工作的故事。B项最适合作文章标题。
C
Scrolling through social media can quickly convince you that everyone's life is more interesting than yours. During a particularly adventurous week on social media Stories recently, I saw water skiing in Maui, hiking in Yosemite and swimming with wild pigs in Bermuda. I started searching flights to new places. Then I ordered pho, Vietnam's national dish, from the same Vietnamese place I eat every week and returned to the same old routine and I felt bad about not trying somewhere new.
Evolutionarily, human brains tend to find newfangled experiences more exciting and attention grabbing than repeated experiences. They can't process all the thrills around us, so we evolve to pay attention to new, flashy and potentially dangerous things more intently than familiar things, which we've seen enough to know they're not dangerous. What's more, words like “repetition” and “repetitiveness” tend to be associated with more negative emotions.
However, recent research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology suggests we should reconsider how we digest those feelings of monotony (单调). Some previous research has painted a negative picture of repeated experiences, saying that doing the same thing twice can feel less valuable. But Ed O'Brien, a professor of behavioral science, wondered whether people actually underestimate how positively they react to repeated experiences.
To test this theory, Mr.O'Brien and his team exposed all participants to the same stimulus (刺激) (various stimuli were tested, including museum visits, movies and video games). Next, after dividing them into two groups, the first group of participants were asked to imagine repeating the experience, while the second actually did repeat the experience. Counter to previous research, Mr.O'Brien found that across the board, repeated experiences were far more enjoyable than participants expected. In other words, you're far more likely to enjoy something the second time around than you think.
“Brand new experiences are definitely great for enjoyment，” said Mr.O'Brien. “And our studies don't go against this idea. In many cases, the brand new option is better. But what our studies emphasize is that repeated options might also have high hedonic (与快乐有关的) value and might also come with lower costs than a purely new option.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多人都喜欢冒险，追求新鲜感，但是研究却发现，重复能让我们更全面、深刻地认识事物，能给我们带来不一样的快乐。
28．What did the author think of her own life
A．It included many exciting things.
B．It depended heavily on social media.
C．It was highly adventurous.
D．It was boringly repetitive.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Then I ordered pho...I felt bad about not trying somewhere new.”可推知，作者觉得自己的生活单调乏味，毫无新意。
29．What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 2
A．Fictional. B．Fascinating.
C．Novel. D．Significant.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“They can't process all the thrills around us...they're not dangerous.”可知，人类的大脑往往更关注不熟悉的东西及新奇的体验。由此可推知，newfangled 意为“新奇的”。
30．How do our brains usually respond to stimuli from familiar things
A．They may pay little attention to them.
B．They may process them first.
C．They may feel uncertain of them.
D．They may consider them as positive things.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Evolutionarily, human brains tend to find...more intently than familiar things”可推知，我们的大脑使我们不太注意熟悉的刺激物。
31．What did the second group of participants do during the experiment
A．They experienced the same stimuli twice.
B．They imagined their old experiences twice.
C．They repeated similar activities many times.
D．They predicted the first group's experiences.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Next, after dividing them into two groups...the second actually did repeat the experience.”可知，第二组参与者重复了先前的体验。
D
Now many young people are travelling around the world on their own, not because they have no one to travel with, but because they prefer to go alone.
Kristina Wegscheider from California first travelled alone when she was at college and believed that it was something everyone should do at least once in their life.She said，“It opens your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfort zone.” Wegscheider has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents.
In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you if you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen, it is challenging.This is what drives young people to travel alone. It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own.
Chris decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go travelling last year. He set up a website, The Aussie Nomad, to document his adventures.He said he wished he had travelled alone earlier. “The people you meet, the places you visit, or the things you do, everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person，” said the man.
Chris describes travelling alone as “a shot in the arm”， which makes you a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything. He said，“The feeling of having overcome something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when I'm dealing with a difficult task.I walk around with my head up because I know deep down inside that nothing is impossible if you try.”
As the saying goes，“Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述两个年轻人独自旅行的例子，说明人的一生之中应该至少有一次独自旅行的经历。
32．Which of the following will Kristina Wegscheider agree with
A．Travelling abroad helps people to find new things.
B．It is more meaningful to travel in foreign countries.
C．It is comfortable to travel around without a friend.
D．Travelling alone is a necessary experience for everyone.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kristina Wegscheider from California first travelled alone...at least once in their life.”可知，克里斯蒂娜·韦格谢德认为独自旅行是每个人一生中应该至少做一次的事。
33．Why is travelling alone challenging
A．Because you have to choose things on your own.
B．Because it is hard for you to prove yourself to others.
C．Because you can only depend on yourself whatever happens.
D．Because it pushes you into the comfort zone.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“In foreign countries...it is challenging.”可知，独自旅行具有挑战性是因为一切都要依靠你自己。
34．What can we know about Chris
A．He started travelling alone at an early age.
B．He once was afraid of travelling.
C．He used to work as a salesman.
D．His website inspires others a lot.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Chris decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go travelling last year.”可知，克里斯曾经是一名销售员。
35．What is the best title for the passage
A．Travel Abroad　　　　 B．Travel Alone
C．Travel Light D．Travel Far
B　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过讲述两个年轻人独自旅行的例子，说明人的一生之中应该至少有一次独自旅行的经历。因此，B项最适合作文章标题。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to Help Kids Explore Nature
Summer is the best time for kids to spend time in nature. Here are some ways to help kids explore nature in the summer holidays.
36．________ You don't have to teach kids to love nature because they already do. Young children naturally love the outdoors and are fascinated by dirt, rocks, trees and so on. Therefore, the parents' role is more about removing distractions like phones and tablets to enable that exploration to take place.
Allow for full engagement with nature. 37.____________ Bug bites will eventually disappear. Cuts and broken bones heal in time. Let your kids throw themselves into the natural world freely and resist (忍住) the parental urge to shout, “Be careful! Put that down! Ew, that's dirty！”
Set a goal for the summer. Make it your family's mission to spend as much time outside as possible in summer. Sit down with your kids and brainstorm ways of doing so. Create a list of places in your area that you can visit and check them off the list. 38.________
Prepare an outdoor exploration kit (工具包). Make your nature adventure easy and safe by putting together an exploration kit in advance. Keep it in a box or a bag in your car or on your bike. 39.________ They can include hats, sunscreen, snacks, rain jackets and a water bottle.
Have a positive attitude. 40.________ Instead, consider it a welcome escape for yourself as well. Kids are the best possible excuse to get away from your desk, away from the piles of laundry and dishes, and out of the house for a few hours.
A．Clothes can be washed.
B．Start by planning.
C．Let kids take the lead.
D．You can also consider starting a nature club using online resources.
E．When kids are involved in planning, they're more eager to participate.
F．Don't forget the usual necessities that make outdoor adventures much more pleasant.
G．Letting the children get in touch with nature should not feel like a burden in any way.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章给家长提出了几条在暑期帮助孩子探索大自然的建议。
36. C　解析：空处为本段主题句，根据下文可知， 本段主要表达了在探索自然时，让孩子带头并发挥主导作用的观点。C项与下文中的“the parents' role”相呼应，符合语境。
37．A　解析：根据下文“Bug bites will eventually disappear. Cuts and broken bones heal in time.”可知，这是对让孩子全身心地投入到大自然中进行的举例解释。A项符合语境。
38．E　解析：根据上文可知，本段主要介绍了让家长和孩子一起头脑风暴，制订计划清单。E项承接上文，符合语境。
39．F　解析：根据下文“They can include hats, sunscreen, snacks, rain jackets and a water bottle.”可知，这里是对工具包进行进一步解释。F项符合语境。
40．G　解析：根据上文“Have a positive attitude.”和下文“Instead, consider it a welcome escape for yourself as well.”可知，这里建议人们对让孩子到大自然中去要保持积极的态度。G项承上启下，符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On December 21，1943, in the Tanana River valley of Alaska, not far from the Arctic Circle, a warplane crashed.Crane, the only __41__ of the five pilots, was lost in the mountain covered with thick __42__．
__43__， he had a few supplies to keep him warm until help arrived. He stayed for a few days hoping the air base would come to his __44__. In fact, the hunt for him continued several days, but no luck.Crane __45__ that his best chance of survival was to leave the crash area and __46__ a path out of the mountains downstream.
He walked and walked down a stream with great __47__ and there was no sign of __48__. With each step, he had to push snow aside. Not a single step landed easily. He __49__ to find a house with a fire and a family after each bend, but bend after bend, it was just more hills.
As he blindly __50__ on, a log cabin came into view, where he __51__ cocoa, dried milk, sugar and a box of biscuits. These were __52__ by former mountain climbers on purpose. He then made a sled，__53__ it with food and supplies and moved on. The walk was quite difficult and it took him weeks to find a trail and __54__ it. Finally, 53 days after the __55__， Crane came back to civilization again.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了飞行员克兰在飞机失事后，在北极圈附近的雪山里艰难求生的故事。
41．A.survivor 　　　　　 B．helper
C．soldier D．climber
A　解析：通读全文可知，飞机失事后，克兰历经艰辛终于走出大山。文中没有提到其他飞行员，因此，他是唯一的幸存者(survivor)。
42．A.leaves B．dirt
C．snow D．trees
C　解析：根据上文“not far from the Arctic Circle”和第三段中的“he had to push snow aside”可知，飞机失事的地方在北极圈附近，山上覆盖着厚厚的白雪(snow)。
43．A.Suddenly B．Eventually
C．Obviously D．Fortunately
D　解析：根据下文“he had a few supplies to keep him warm until help arrived”可知，虽然迷了路，但幸好(fortunately)他还有一些补给可以保暖。
44．A.place B．rescue
C．end D．sense
B　解析：根据常识，飞机失事后，一般会有搜寻和营救活动，所以克兰待在那里，等待救援(rescue)。come to one's rescue意为“营救某人”。
45．A.believed B．said
C．persuaded D．warned
A　解析：根据下文“his best chance of survival was to leave the crash area”可知，没有等到救援，克兰认为(believe)想要获救只能自己探索(explore)一条路走出去。
46．A.build B．recognize
C．clean D．explore
D　解析：参见上题解析。
47．A.speed B．difficulty
C．curiosity D．pride
B　解析：根据下文“With each step，he had to push snow aside.Not a single step landed easily.”可知，每一步都得推开雪，每一步都不容易，所以克兰沿着溪谷下山是很艰难(difficulty)的。
48．A.turning back B．coming across
C．getting out D．passing down
C　解析：根据上文“He walked and walked down a stream with great ________ and there was no sign of”可知，and表示并列，说明沿着小溪行走困难，没有走出去(get out)的迹象。
49．A.happened B．managed
C．failed D．wished
D　解析：根据下文“to find a house with a fire...it was just more hills”可知，路很艰难，这时克兰每拐一个弯都希望(wish)看到一间有烟火的小屋或一户人家，但一弯又一弯，只是更多的山丘。
50．A.looked B．walked
C．focused D．turned
B　解析：克兰在山里边走边寻找，所以是盲目地往前走(walk)。
51．A.found B．made
C．bought D．borrowed
A　解析：根据下文“cocoa，dried milk，sugar and a box of biscuits”可知，在一个小木屋里克兰找到(find)了一些吃的。
52．A.discovered B．left
C．produced D．chosen
B　解析：根据下文“by former mountain climbers on purpose”可知，这些吃的是以前的登山者特意留下(leave)的。
53．A.mixed B．provided
C．connected D．packed
D　解析：结合下文“it with food and supplies and moved on”可知，克兰要继续跋涉出山，所以把这些食物打包(pack)放在雪橇上。
54．A.crossed B．cut
C．followed D．marked
C　解析：根据上文“it took him weeks to find a trail and”可知，克兰花了好几个星期才找到一条路，然后沿着(follow)这条路走了出来。
55．A.crash B．war
C．adventure D．winter
A　解析：此处呼应第一段中的“a warplane crashed”，总结全文，飞机失事(crash)53天后，克兰又回到了文明世界。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was May 23，2016.Arnot, the 32 year old mountain guide, reached the top of Qomolangma without the use of oxygen equipment. It was achieved after seven years, three previous 56.____________(attempt), and fourteen straight hours of climbing.
Arnot didn't start climbing 57.____________ she was 19 years old. Money was tight in her family, and climbing mountains never 58.____________ (occur) to her. After graduating from college, Arnot 59.____________ (invite) by her friend to climb a mountain. “It totally changed my life，” said Arnot. “I always know that if you want something, you can achieve it, but knowing what you want is a whole different thing，” she said.“I am athletic but not 60.____________ (compete). After my first climbing, I knew 61.____________ (immediate) that mountains were what I want—as that was where I felt at home for the first time in my life.”
After that first climb, she devoted 62.____________(she) to learning how to climb and move through mountains. It was during her second trip to Qomolangma in 2009 63.____________ she first set her sights on a no oxygen attempt. However, while hiking into Qomolangma Base Camp that year, she hurt her leg and wasn't able to climb without oxygen. No matter what happened, she made up her mind that nothing 64.____________ (stop) her from achieving her goal.
In 2013 she nearly made it 65.____________ the top, but was forced to take oxygen at 8，504 meters while helping another climber.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了攀登者阿诺特开始从事登山活动的经过以及她如何在无氧气装置的情况下成功登顶珠峰的故事。
56．attempts　解析：考查名词复数。attempt为可数名词，根据上文中的three可知，应用复数形式。
57．until　解析：考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导时间状语从句。not...until...意为“直到……才……”。　
58．occurred　解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文“Money was tight in her family”可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
59．was invited　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，且Arnot与invite之间是被动关系，所以空处应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为Arnot，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
60．competitive　解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语，意为“努力竞争的、一心求胜的”。
61．immediately　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词knew，应用副词immediately，作状语。
62．herself　解析：考查代词。devote oneself to意为“致力于、献身于”，为固定搭配。
63．that　解析：考查强调句型。此处为强调句，其结构是“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”，本句强调句子的状语during her second trip to Qomolangma in 2009，应用that。
64．would stop　解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处指无论发生什么，都不会阻止她实现目标，从句应用过去将来时，would do意为“将会做”。
65．to　解析：考查介词。make it to意为“准时到达、获得成功”，为固定搭配。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，请你用英语给你的笔友约翰(John)写一封电子邮件，讲述你上周末去山洞的探险经历。内容主要包括：
1．山洞探险的经历；
2．探险之后的感受。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear John，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__John，
I experienced an adventure last weekend. I can't wait to share it with you.
There is a deep cave in the mountain at the back of our village. I, together with another two boys, was determined to take an adventure into the cave. We decided to go further into the cave. However, the deeper we went into the cave, the darker it became. Before long, it became so dark that we were unable to find our way back. Not knowing what to do, we felt frightened and burst into tears.
Fortunately, my father came into the cave with flashlights. I am so deeply impressed by this adventure that I shall never forget it. I do hope to have another adventure with you someday!
Yours，
Li__Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was 15, I followed Roy to the deep mountain in search of the astragalus root(黄芪), which is a rare and valuable plant.
We searched the plant for a whole day, but without luck, we found nothing. As it got dark, I asked Roy to go back, but he refused and said, “I would rather sleep on the mountain tonight and continue to search tomorrow！”
I desired to go home but I lacked the courage to go back alone, so I chose to stay and help Roy put up a simple tent under a tree. It was freezing cold on the mountain and there were mosquitoes like weeds, which made it impossible for us to have a good sleep. What's worse, we heard a wolf howling nearby! I was so scared.
“I heard that wolves bully (欺负) the weak and fear the strong，” Roy told me. “Let's strike the shovel (铲子) and shout to scare it away！” He found a stone and started to strike the shovel. And then he shouted as he struck the shovel. Inspired, I followed him and shouted loudly. Half an hour later, I felt cold all over the body. And the cold air on the mountain made that worse. My stomach began to ache. I lay in the tent, shivering, sweating and then falling unconscious. Roy was shocked with panic. He called my name in horror, but I just made no response. He tried to put me on his back to carry me home but without success. At last, he went out and found some tree branches and blocked up the entrance to our tent with them. Then, he ran to the direction of our village as fast as he could.
Not knowing how much time went by, I heard some sounds approaching near. I thought it was Roy but I didn't hear him saying anything. In deep shock, I sat up in a rush. At that moment, my eyes had adjusted to the darkness. Through a hole of our tent, I saw two animals like dogs removing the tree branches with their mouths and claws. They were wolves!
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Their sudden appearance shocked me and I broke out in a cold sweat.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Strangely, I saw the two wolves turn around and run away in a flash.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Their sudden appearance shocked me and I broke out in a cold sweat. But I managed to gather myself together. I struck the shovel beside me with a stone and screamed as loudly as I could. The two wolves were frightened at first and stepped back. But after a short time of hesitation, they continued to remove the branches. And no matter how hard I struck the shovel, they just ignored it. I was almost in despair. But I still held the stone and shovel firmly, thinking I wouldn't give up without a fight.
Strangely，I saw the two wolves turn around and run away in a flash.“Are they afraid of my shovel？” I wondered. But I realized I was wrong when I saw many flashlights approaching my tent quickly. It turned out that Roy had run to seek help and came back. With a dozen villagers, Roy was coming to my rescue! They were calling my name and I responded as they removed the branches. As Roy got into the tent and hugged me, I couldn't help crying, both in fright and relief.Period 3　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
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1．What was the sea creature seen by several ships
It__was__a__submarine.
2．Why were the three passengers not allowed to leave the submarine
A．Because the submarine is a secret.
B．Because the submarine needs repairing.
C．Because they are the newest passengers.
D．Because they want to kill the sea creature.
答案：A
3．How did the author feel when he walked under the sea
A．Excited.　　　　　　　 B．Puzzled.
C．Weightless. D．Frightened.
答案：A
4．Why did the author think his head shook like a nut in its shell
A．Because he was ill.
B．Because he felt tired.
C．Because he wore a thick helmet.
D．Because he was beneath water.
答案：C
5．Why did the author distinguish objects at a distance clearly
A．Because of his good sight.
B．Because of the clear water.
C．Because of the shallow water.
D．Because of the powerful light.
答案：D
6．What can we know about the sea thirty feet below the surface of the ocean
A．There is no sunlight at all.
B．There is no water vibration at all.
C．Some objects cannot be seen clearly.
D．The air is heavier than the Earth's atmosphere.
答案：D
7．Which kind of book does the passage belong to
A．Biography. B．Fiction.
C．Thriller. D．Romance.
答案：B
8．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To introduce a terrible creature seen under the sea.
B．To introduce the adventures under the sea.
C．To introduce the French writer Jules Verne and his novels.
D．To introduce the dangers the three people met under the sea.
答案：B
I 1.took(take) a walk under the waters of the sea many years ago. I will never forget the impression 2.left(leave) on me. I find words are not enough to relate the great wonders! Captain Nemo walked in front, one of his men 3.following(follow) some steps behind. Conseil and I 4.were__kept(keep) in metal cases but we remained near each other. Inside the metal cases, I didn't feel the weight of anything around me, including my shoes, my air supply and my helmet, inside 5.which my head shook like a nut in its shell.
The light went through thirty feet of water and lit the soil below the surface of the ocean. The sunlight was so 6.powerful(power) that it consumed all colour. As 7.a result, I was able to see different objects 8.at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards. Beyond the sunlight, the colours became fine shades of deep blue and 9.gradually(gradual) disappeared. We were walking on the sand as if we were walking on a flat shore. When I tell you this story about my walk at the 10.depth(deep) of thirty feet, I don't expect you to believe me.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．alcohol n.　　　　　 A．头盔，钢盔
2．bandage n. B．有皱褶的
3．plaster n. C．(光、声等的)强度
4．thermometer n. D．原子
5．rubber n. E．坚果(仁)
6．cotton n. F．被迷住的，被吸引住的
7．wool n. G．潜(水)艇
8．league n. H．船长
9．servant n. I．光线，光束
10．submarine n. J．地毯
11．captain n. K．岸，滨
12．fascinated adj. L．仆人，佣人
13．helmet n. M．里格(旧时长度单位，
相当于3英里或3海里)
14．nut n. N．羊毛，毛织物
15．ray n. O．体温计
16．wrinkled adj. P．棉布，棉纱
17．shore n. Q．创可贴
18．carpet n. R．橡胶，合成橡胶
19．intensity n. S．绷带
20．vibration n. T．酒精
21．atom n. U．震颤，震动
答案：1～5.TSQOR　6～10.PNMLG
11～15.HFAEI　16～20.BKJCU　21.D
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．fishing ports　　　　　 　 渔港
2．dietary guidelines for Chinese people
中国人的膳食指南
3．the transition from liquid to vapour
从液体到蒸气的转化
4．stretch for several miles 绵延数英里
5．the person in charge 负责人
6．look straight ahead 直视前方
7．the first chapter 第一章
8．consume natural resources 消耗自然资源
9．a broad street 一条宽广的街道
10．beneath the surface of the lake
在湖面下
11．the local residents 当地居民
12．a male bird 一只雄鸟
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．unaware adj.未觉察到的，未意识到的→(反义词)aware adj.意识到的；察觉到的→awareness n．知道；认识；意识
2．cloth n．布→clothes n．衣服→clothing n．(总称)衣服
3．bleeding n．流血，失血→bleed v．出血，流血→blood n．血，血液
4．injury n．伤，损害→injure vt.损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的
5．permit v．允许，准许，许可→permission n．许可，允许
6．relate v．相联系，有关联；讲述→relation n．亲属；关联→relationship n．关系；关联
7．astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶
8．distinguish v．看清；认出→distinguished adj.卓越的，杰出的
9．gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的
10．surround v．环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的，附近的→surroundings n．(pl.)周围的事物；环境
11．depth n．深，深度→deep adj.深的→deepen v．加深
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Seeing the problems had been solved, the man in__charge(负责) smiled in relief.
2．When I look__back__upon/on(回顾) my childhood, I am always delighted to think of those beautiful days that I spent with my grandparents.
3．My elder brother is a kind, easy going and friendly man, who leaves__an__impression__on/upon(给……留下印象) everyone he meets.
4．The rapid industrialization and urbanization driven by human activities account__for(解释) most of the environmental problems in many developing countries.
5．You can't believe that they would commit such a crime in__broad__daylight(在大白天), right in the heart of the city!
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．独立主格结构
Captain Nemo walked in front, one__of__his__men__following__some__steps__behind(他的一个下属跟在身后，距离他几步远).(Para.1)
2．as if/though引导方式状语从句
Conseil and I remained near each other, as__if__an__exchange__of__words__had__been__possible__through__our__metal__cases(好像我们可以通过金属外壳交谈似的).(Para.1)
3．完全倒装
Above me was__the__calm__surface__of__the__sea(是平静的海面).(Para.2)
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【高频词汇诠释】
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charge　n.主管，负责；收费　v．收(费)；(向……)要价；指责，控告；给……充电；猛冲
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①(教材P75)They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge, Captain Nemo.　他们被俘虏，并被带进潜水艇里，在那里他们遇到了负责人尼摩船长。
②(北师大选必一U1)On a family holiday last summer, my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone.　在去年夏天的一次度假中，我的妹妹一直在抱怨她需要给她的手机充电。
(1)in charge (of...)　　　 管理/负责(……)
in the charge of... 由……掌管/负责
take charge of... 负责/掌管……
free of charge 免费
(2)charge (sb.) for... 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb. with (doing) sth.
指控某人(做了)某事
charge into 冲进；撞上；突入
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单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)(人教选必三U3)In some countries, including China, customers are now charged for each bag.
(2)I thought they would deliver the goods to the port free__of__charge(免费), but actually they charged__me__almost__$100__for__the__delivery(收了我将近100美元的运费).
(3)Let's form a team. You take__charge__of/are__in__charge__of(负责) singing the song, and the dance is in__the__charge__of__me(由我负责).
(4)他冲进我的房间，要求知道发生了什么事。
He came charging__into__my__room and demanded to know what was going on.
背诵点 读后续写之动作描写
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relate　v.相联系，有关联；讲述
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①(教材P75)Words are not enough to relate such wonders!
言语不足以描述这样的奇遇！
②(译林选必二U3)Another theory relates acupuncture to the production of a substance in the body which can reduce pain.　另一种理论认为针灸与体内产生的一种能减轻疼痛的物质有关。
(1)relate A and/with/to B　 把A与B联系起来
relate to 与……相关；涉及，谈到……
(2)related adj. 有关系的，有关联的
be related to... 与……有关
(3)relation n. [U]关系；[C]亲属
in relation to 关于；涉及
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Now that you're interested in Chinese classical culture, I will send a textbook related(relate) to Tang poems to you soon.
(2)We have to know a little bit of history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us.
(3)The professor discussed various theories in relation(relate) to the topic.
(4)剪纸有1 500多年的历史，与中国的传统文化紧密联系在一起。 (弘扬传统文化)
Paper cutting is__closely__related__to__traditional__Chinese__culture and has a history of over 1，500 years.
背诵点 应用文写作之传统文化
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astonish　v.使吃惊，使惊讶
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①(教材P75)The light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean, astonished me by its power.
(阳)光照亮了海平面以下三十英尺处的土壤，这股力量真让我感到惊奇。
②(人教选必二U4)Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.
她们站在远处，看到从湖的南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的云雾，感到非常震撼。
(1)It astonishes sb. that...　　 令某人惊讶的是……
(2)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
(3)astonished adj. 感到吃惊的
be astonished
(4)astonishment n. 惊异；惊讶
to one's astonishment 令人吃惊的是
in astonishment 吃惊地
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单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Given the astonishing(astonish) potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI powered future.
(2)(北师大选必二U4)When he looks at the menu, an astonished(astonish) look quickly appears on his face.
(3)Much__to__my__astonishment(特别令我惊讶的是), she still kept optimistic in the face of the major failure.
背诵点 读后续写之情绪描写
(4)让我惊讶的是，一直在英语上有困难的汤姆，在英语演讲比赛中赢得了第一名。
What__made__me__astonished__was__that/It__astonished__me__that Tom, who had always struggled with English, won the first prize in the English Speech Contest.
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distinguish　v.看清；认出；区分，辨别；使有别于；使出众
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①(教材P75)The solar rays shone through the watery mass easily, and consumed all colour, and I clearly distinguished objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards.　阳光毫不费力地穿过了水层，把水中的所有颜色驱散，我可以清晰地辨认出一百五十码远的物体。
②(人教选必一U4)While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
尽管很容易察觉学生们是何时感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中的，但要分辨出学生们何时有困扰有时会难得多。
(1)distinguish A from B　　 区分A与B；使A
区别于B
distinguish (between) A and B
区分A与B
(2)distinguish oneself (as...)
(作为……)杰出/著名
(3)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的
be distinguished for...＝be famous for...
因……而著称；以……而著名
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单句语法填空/补全句子/词汇/句式升级
(1)Shanghai Museum, a well known and distinguished(distinguish) museum at home and abroad, is very professional in holding painting exhibitions.
(2)Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.
(3)Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish__between__right__and__wrong(明辨是非).
背诵点 应用文写作之建议信
(4)Hangzhou is famous for its attractive scenery and witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.
→Distinguished__for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.(形容词短语作状语)
背诵点 应用文写作之景点介绍
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surround　v.环绕，围绕
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①(教材P76)Truly this water which surrounded me was but another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere, but almost as clear.
真的，在我周围的海水只是另一种空气，虽然密度比地面上的空气大，但清澈程度跟地面上的空气相仿。
②(译林选必二U4)When you wear a VR headset equipped with sensors and a screen, you are surrounded by three D images, sounds and other sensory information, which creates a super realistic effect called “presence”．
当你戴着装有传感器和屏幕的虚拟现实耳机时，你会被三维图像、声音和其他感官信息所包围，从而产生一种称为“存在”的超现实效果。
(1)surround...with...　　　　 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with... 被……环绕/包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
(3)surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境
in...surroundings 在……环境中
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单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级
(1)(2023·浙江卷1月)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded(surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
(2)(人教选必二U2)Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings(surround).
(3)(人教选必三U3)The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding(surround)scenery is one of the most well known tourist destinations in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
(4)The farm is__surrounded__by/with__green__trees(被绿树环绕) and located at the foot of the hill near our school. There is a small river flowing through the farm.
→Surrounded__by/with__green__trees,__the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school, with a small river flowing through it. [过去分词(短语)作状语]
背诵点 读后续写之环境描写
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as if/though引导方式状语从句
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①(教材P75)Conseil and I remained near each other, as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases.
我和康塞尔彼此紧挨着，好像我们可以通过金属外壳交谈似的。
②(译林必修三U2)Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.　它的墙壁很新，好像昨天被刷过一样；地板上丰富的图案没有一种颜色发生了变化。
as if/though意为“好像、似乎、仿佛”，可以引导方式状语从句或表语从句。
(1)若as if/though引导的从句中的内容为非真实的情况，从句通常用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的形式：
(2)若从句描述的情况是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实，从句通常用陈述语气；
(3)省略形式：as if＋名词/不定式/分词/形容词(短语)/介词短语。
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their clothes and food to me as if I were(be) their own family.
(2)Hurry up! It looks as if the train is__going(go) to move in two minutes; let's not miss it.
(3)(2022·浙江卷1月读后续写)Initially, when we discussed my opinion, I felt he was eyeing me doubtfully as if to__say(say) how stupid it was.
背诵点 读后续写之心理描写
(4)鹿妈妈低下头，轻轻地舔着我儿子的脸颊，好像在表达感激之情。
The mother deer lowered her head and licked my boy's cheek gently, as__if__she__was__expressing__gratitude．
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Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．a__terrible__sea__creature　　 一个可怕的海洋生物
2．keep__this__secret 保守这个秘密
3．be__adapted__from__a__chapter__of__the__book
改编自这本书的某个章节
4．solar__rays 阳光
5．on__a__flat__shore 在一个平坦的海岸上
6．at__the__depth__of__thirty__feet
在三十英尺深的地方
7．science__fiction 科幻小说
8．ahead__of 在……前面；早于；领先
9．be__fascinated__by__their__adventures
对他们的冒险经历着迷
10．below__the__surface__of__the__ocean
在海平面以下
11．at__a__distance__of__a__hundred__and__fifty__yards
在一百五十码远的地方
12．drive__away__the__rays__of__the__sun
赶走阳光
Ⅱ.品句填词
1．When working on a tough project, you need to keep observing the guidelines(指导方针)to ensure you're always on the right track.
2．Don't permit(允许) little things to ruin your happiness. Try to adopt a positive attitude that will bring you peace.
3．Many students who are learning English as a foreign language can't distinguish(辨别) American English from British English.
4．She related/relates(讲述) her childhood experiences in the first few chapters, giving us a peek (窥视) into the world she grew up in.
5．After graduation from the college we gradually(逐渐地) lost track of each other and the memories we shared seemed to fade away with time.
6．I was so absorbed in my book that I was unaware(未察觉) of things happening around me.
Ⅲ.词块运用
1．Every time Frank looked__back__upon/on(回顾) the good old days, a sweet smile appeared on his face.
2．The fact that he has been ill since last week accounts__for(解释) his failure in the English exam.
3．Your performance did leave__an__impression__on/upon(给……留下印象) me. It's so wonderful and I like it very much.
4．The doctor in__charge(主管) explained to the patient what the treatment would be like, explaining possible side effects and the expected recovery time.
5．His electromobile (电动车) was stolen in__broad__daylight(在大白天), in an extremely busy area of the city.

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