资源简介

单元过关检测(六)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the woman say about Thomas Edison
A．He invented many other things.
B．He is an interesting person.
C．He was terrified of the dark.
2．What does the man do
A．A student.
B．A teacher.
C．A bus driver.
3．Why does the man give up the tie
A．He doesn't need a tie.
B．The tie isn't good enough.
C．The tie is too expensive.
4．What is the woman doing
A．Having a class. 　　　　
B．Reading a novel.
C．Writing an article.
5．Why didn't the man finish his science homework
A．He found it difficult.
B．He forgot it completely.
C．He didn't have enough time.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the man want the woman to do
A．Dry clean the dress. 　　　　
B．Attend a party.
C．Wash the shirt.
7．When can the man get the clothes back
A．By the end of the week.
B．Tomorrow afternoon.
C．Tomorrow evening.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the woman nervous about
A．Giving English lectures.
B．Taking politics lessons.
C．Doing lots of reading.
9．How does the man find the teacher
A．Great.
B．Just so so.
C．Disappointing.
10．What does the man advise the woman to do
A．Take notes carefully.
B．Read the textbook more.
C．Review the summaries well.
听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。
11．What would Joe probably do during the Mid Autumn Festival
A．Go to a play.
B．Stay at home.
C．Visit Kingston.
12．What is Ariel going to do in Toronto
A．Take part in a party. 　　　　
B．Meet her aunt.
C．See a car show.
13．Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave
A．To call Betty. 　　　　
B．To buy some DVDs.
C．To pick up Daniel.
14．What might be the relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates. 　　　　
B．Fellow workers.
C．Guide and tourist.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15．What are the speakers talking about
A．Vacation plans. 　　　　
B．Famous adventurers.
C．Extreme climates.
16．What has the woman paid close attention to
A．Weather reports.
B．Historical events.
C．Mountain climbing tips.
17．What was the man
A．A trainer.
B．A photographer.
C．A tour guide.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．When is the talk on James Brindley
A．On January 7th.
B．On February 4th.
C．On March 4th.
19．What is the topic of the talk in February
A．The pioneer.
B．Ice trade.
C．Canal planning.
20．Who will give the talk on the museums in the city
A．Miranda. B．Malcolm. C．Chris.
答案：1～5.CBCCC　6～10.ABBAC
11～15.BACBA　16～20.CBABA
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Have you heard of Thomas Edison
M：Sure.He was an inventor who invented the light bulb.
W：That's right.He invented the world's first long lasting light bulb.And actually he had an inspiration because he was afraid of the dark! ①
M：Really？Interesting!
(Text 2)
M：I find students are very active now compared to before.Every day I'm busy answering their questions.
W：Yes, so we should match their development.
(Text 3)
M：This tie isn't bad.How much is it？③
W：It's $36.95.
M：$36.95 Well, maybe I don't really need a tie.③ Thanks, anyway.
(Text 4)
M：It's nearly midnight！Don't you have an early class tomorrow morning
W：Yes, at 7 o'clock.
M：Then you ought to go to bed.
W：OK, I'll finish the article soon.④
(Text 5)
W：Billy, can I please have your science homework？⑤
M：Um, I'm really sorry but a friend came over last night, so I only had time to finish half of it.⑤ Plus, I left it all at home.
W：Billy, you'd better have it done by tomorrow.
(Text 6)
W：Hello, Hanson. What can I do for you
M：I want to have this dress and this suit dry cleaned as soon as possible！⑥
W：OK，I can have them ready by the end of the week.
M：No, you don't understand.I need them tomorrow evening！I accidentally spilled juice all over my mom's dress and we have a party to go tomorrow！She would be very angry with me!
W：OK, I can have them ready tomorrow afternoon.⑦ But this suit is very dirty.I can't guarantee I can remove the stains completely.
M：Fine! Can you also iron this shirt
W：Certainly.
M：Great！This is our secret！If you see my mom，say nothing to her about this!
(Text 7)
M：Hello，Tina.Why do you look so worried
W：I'm going to have politics lessons this term.I'm a little bit nervous of that subject.⑧
M：Why
W：I'm afraid I can't learn well because I don't like politics.It is difficult to understand.
M：Relax！I had that class last term.The lectures were very interesting.I'm sure you'll love the class.
W：What about the teacher
M：The teacher was always making the students feel comfortable in class.⑨
W：Well, was the test difficult
M：Not at all. The teacher usually handed out a summary of his lecture every class.If you study them thoroughly，you will not even need to read the textbook.⑩
W：Thank you for telling me these.I feel much more relaxed now.
(Text 8)
W: Hi, Joe, many people in our department are leaving for the Mid Autumn Festival. What are you going to do
M：I think I'll just stay at home. I may see some friends and watch a few DVDs and I probably would go to the Ottawa Car Show.What about you, Ariel What's your plan
W：I'm going to do some traveling with my family.
M：Oh, where to go
W：Toronto, and on our way we're going to visit my aunt Betty in Kingston.
M：That's exciting.How long do you plan to stay
W：Two days. I have a get together party with my college friends on the 10th in Toronto. Oh, I'm afraid I have to go now.My husband is waiting for me，and we'll have to pick up Daniel from school. Have a nice holiday, Joe.
M：Thank you.You too!
(Text 9)
M：What's your plan for the summer vacation？
W：Dennis and I are thinking about going on an extreme mountain climbing.
M：Wow，extreme mountain climbing！That can be very dangerous.You know that sometimes the temperatures can be up to 50 degrees below freezing.
W：Well, I've been looking at some advice about mountain climbing in my extreme sports magazines. I think it's something that we would both like to try.
M：Certainly, learning as much as you can will help you to have a safe and fun trip.When I was young, I used to go on long hiking expeditions, because I was a professional photographer. I would just make sure that you bring someone with you who knows the mountain very well.
W：We are planning on bringing a guide with us.We also have a professional trainer who has helped us train this year.
(Text 10)
M：Good afternoon.I'm Gerald Smith.I'm going to tell you about the monthly talks at History Museum.Our monthly talks start at 7：30 p．m.on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book.They end around 9：00 p．m.The following are the talks during the first quarter.On January 7th，Chris will give a talk about a pioneer，James Brindley, who is one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. On February 4th, Malcolm will explain how our city's ice trade grew， which includes the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells. There are many museums in our city.Then on March 4th, Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest. If you are interested in the talks，search our official website to get more information.Thank you.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Using 1900 as a starting point, here's a look at some of the most powerful and destructive hurricanes in more than 100 years in the US.
Most powerful hurricanes
Hurricane Camille，which landed on August 17，1969 near Waveland，Mississippi，is the most powerful storm to strike the Gulf Coast.Camille is one of the four category(级别) 5 hurricanes ever to make a landing in the US，the others being the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane，Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Hurricane Michael in 2018.
According to the National Weather Service，the actual wind speed of Hurricane Camille might be around 175 mph along the coast.
Until the arrival of Hurricane Katrina，Camille's more than 24 foot storm wave in Pass Christian，Mississippi，held the record.Katrina's storm wave along the Mississippi coast reached 30 feet.
Costliest hurricanes
Hurricane Katrina is not only the costliest ever US hurricane but also the most expensive natural disaster in the country's history.Not only did it cost as many as 1，836 lives and leave millions of people homeless，but it also caused $160 billion in damage.
Katrina landed near the Gulf Coast on August 29，2005 as a category 3 storm. The hurricane's record breaking waves flooded 80% of the city.
Deadliest hurricanes
The category 4 Hurricane Galveston made a surprising landing along the Texas coast on September 8，1900.It caused a 16 foot storm wave and its wind speed reached 150 mph.
A large part of the city of Galveston，Texas，was left in ruins.The number of death reached 12，000 on Galveston Island and the mainland.It remains the deadliest weather disaster in the US history as it gave the people no time to move out.
【解题导语】　 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了过去一百多年以来美国最强大、最具破坏性和最致命的飓风。
21．How many category 5 storms have stricken the US since 1900
A．1.　　　　　　　　 B．2.
C．3. D．4.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据Most powerful hurricanes部分中的“Camille is one of the four category 5 hurricanes...and Hurricane Michael in 2018.”可知，自1900年以来，已有4次5级风暴袭击美国。
22．Which is the costliest hurricane in the US
A．Hurricane Camille.
B．Hurricane Andrew.
C．Hurricane Katrina.
D．Labor Day Hurricane.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据Costliest hurricanes部分中的“Hurricane Katrina is not only...in the country's history.”可知，给美国造成损失最大的飓风是卡特里娜飓风。
23．Why has Hurricane Galveston become the deadliest weather disaster in the US
A．It has caught the people by surprise.
B．It has caused the biggest waves.
C．It has had the highest wind speed.
D．It has brought in the heaviest rainfall.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据Deadliest hurricanes部分第一段第一句和第二段最后一句可知，因为它让人们措手不及，所以加尔维斯顿飓风成为美国最致命的天气灾害。
B
A young girl was rescued from the ruins of an apartment block in the southern Turkish city of Adiyaman, 178 hours after a terrible earthquake shook the area. The girl was six years old and rescuers were also close to reaching her older sister. It's one of several amazing rescues that are still taking place following an earthquake that killed tens of thousands of people in Turkey and Syria.
Rescuer Aksoy told reporters he was searching through the ruins of the building when he heard a child's shout. He then asked for silence and later found where the girl was. The girl waved at him, told him her name and said that she was okay, Aksoy said.
One member of the rescuers said, “My colleague and I looked at each other as if to say ‘Did you hear that, too？’ We listened again. There was a very weak voice saying something like ‘I'm here.’ Then we shut everything down, including the machines, and started listening again. And there really was a voice coming from a small space next to a dishwasher.”
Health Ministry officials said the girl was in good condition but would be kept under observation. A 13 year old boy was also rescued after being trapped for 182 hours. Footage from a news agency shows the teenager being rescued from a collapsed building in the southern Turkish province of Hatay. He held his rescuer's hand as he was put on a stretcher and taken to an ambulance.
UN aid deputy Martin Griffiths said during a visit to the disaster area in Syria that the rescue phase was “coming to an end”， with assistance next turning to shelter, food and clothing.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了土耳其发生地震后，救援人员救出六岁女孩的经过以及其他救援情况。
24．What can we learn from paragraph 1
A．The rescuers were taking care of the girl.
B．The rescuers saved the girl and her mother.
C.The rescuers sent many people to hospital.
D．The girl's older sister may not have been rescued.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The girl was six years old and rescuers were also close to reaching her older sister.”可推知，女孩的姐姐当时可能还没有获救。
25．What did the members of the rescuers mainly describe
A．How they found the girl.
B．When they got the girl out.
C．Why they shut everything down.
D．What they did to save the girl's sister.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，救援人员主要描述了他们是如何找到那个女孩的。
26．What do we know about the 13 year old boy
A．He held the doctor's hand on a stretcher.
B．He was the six year old girl's elder brother.
C．He was trapped longer than the six year old girl.
D．He and the girl were trapped in the same place.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A young girl was rescued...178 hours after a terrible earthquake shook the area.”及倒数第二段中的“A 13 year old boy was also rescued after being trapped for 182 hours.”可知，这个13岁的男孩被困的时间比那个6岁的女孩长。
27．What's the next step of the rescue according to Martin Griffiths
A．Trying to save those trapped.
B．Providing necessities for the survivors.
C．Digging out survivors and burying the dead.
D．Offering earthquake knowledge to the survivors.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“UN aid deputy Martin Griffiths...with assistance next turning to shelter, food and clothing.”可知，据马丁·格里菲思所说，当时救援的下一步是为幸存者提供生活必需品。
C
Massive flooding in America's Yellowstone National Park caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes. The recent floodwaters changed the path of a river popular for fishing. It also devastated homes, bridges and roadways.
Yellowstone became America's first national park in 1872. It is known for its natural beauty that includes mountains, rivers and lakes. The forces of fire and ice have shaped the park for thousands of years. It is a place where visitors can get close to different kinds of wildlife.
Flooding caused by heavy rains and melting mountain snow did cause a lot of damage. It drove more than 10, 000 visitors out of the park. The rain also damaged hundreds of homes in nearby communities. Luckily, no one was reported hurt. However, the park could remain closed for up to one week. Some entrances might not open all summer. The water also washed away camp structures, flooded small towns and cut power to parts of southern Montana and northern Wyoming. The event happened as the park was beginning its busy summer season and received millions of summer visitors.
The Yellowstone River was running at a historically high level of 4.9 meters as it flowed past Billings, Montana's largest city. The city got its water from the river and was forced to close its treatment plant (工厂) because it couldn't operate effectively with water levels that high. Billings officials said the city only had a 24 hour supply of water. They were asking people to protect water until the river could drop and the plant could restart operations. “None of us planned a 500 year flood event on the Yellowstone when we designed the equipment, ” said Debi Meling, the city's director of public works.
Yellowstone officials said, “The northern half of the park is likely to remain closed over the summer. This will greatly affect local economies that depend on summer tourists. But we have faith in the park repairs and economic recovery. ”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国黄石国家公园的大洪水造成的破坏和影响。
28．What does the underlined word “devastated” mean in paragraph 1
A．Developed. B．Designed.
C．Destroyed. D．Demanded.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知， 本段介绍了大洪水造成的破坏与变化。根据画线词前的also可知，该句内容与上文一样，也介绍了洪水造成的破坏。由此可推知，画线词意为“破坏”。
29．What can we learn about flooding from paragraph 3
A．Its bad effects.
B．Its lasting time.
C．The repairs after it.
D．The wildlife hurt in it.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Flooding caused by heavy rains and melting mountain snow did cause a lot of damage.”及“However, the park could remain closed for up to one week.”可知， 该段介绍了洪水造成许多损害，并使得公园关闭。因此，从本段中可以了解到洪水的不良影响。
30．What happened to the treatment plant in Billings after flooding
A．It stopped working.
B．It was forced to operate.
C．It only cut down the city's water supply for 24 hours.
D．It was asked to design new equipment to protect water.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The city got its water from the river and was forced to close...that high.”可知， 随着水位不断上升， 该处理厂被迫关闭。
31．What's the attitude of Yellowstone officials to the rebuilding work after flooding
A．Uncertain. B．Unconcerned.
C．Curious. D．Confident.
D　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知， 黄石国家公园的官员对公园的修复非常有信心。
D
No matter where you live in the world, natural disasters are always a threat. Of course, we humans take steps, both at an individual and social level, to prepare ourselves for the possibility of natural disasters. But preparing for these events requires understanding the types of natural disasters, what causes them, and the dangers they cause.
A technical term for a period of very cold weather, a cold wave is a type of natural disaster where the temperature drops rapidly over the course of 24 hours. While cold weather in itself isn't necessarily enough to cause a natural disaster, a rapid dropping of the temperature could lead to lots of problems for communities in a region.
Interestingly, there isn't an precise temperature threshold (起点) that must be reached. Rather, cold waves are classified (分类) by how fast the temperature falls. Since what's considered to be “cold” varies widely from region to region, local weather services will use local weather averages to determine if a weather event is actually a cold wave.
There are many reasons why a cold wave might occur. One of the most common causes of a cold wave is the arrival of a very strong high pressure system from the polar regions. Alternatively, movement in the jet streams can also drive very cold weather southward in just a matter of hours.
The primary danger of a cold wave is, indeed, the cold weather itself. This can lead to a higher risk of hypothermia (低温症) and other cold related injuries. Additionally, cold weather can cause ice and frost to build up quickly, damaging basic facilities. Cold waves are also particularly dangerous for aircraft and other machinery. Extreme cold can use up vehicle batteries or cause petrol to come together. So, whenever in extreme cold weather, people need to be careful.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可能会给人类生命和财产带来危害的一种自然灾害——寒潮。
32．Why do people need to understand natural disasters
A．To remove nervousness.
B．To encourage research.
C．To get ready for their possibilities.
D．To build professional departments.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Of course, we humans take steps...and the dangers they cause.”可知，了解自然灾害的类型、成因以及造成的危害有利于我们为自然灾害的发生做准备。
33．How can we define a cold wave
A．By an exact temperature.
B．By classified temperature.
C．By local climate standards.
D．By the fallen temperature in summer.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Since what's considered to be...is actually a cold wave.”可知， 当地气象机构依据该地气候标准来确定某天气事件是不是寒潮。
34．Which of the following contributes most to the cold wave
A．Sudden big wind.
B．Heavy snow.
C．Rapidly rising temperature.
D．A powerful pressure system from polar areas.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One of the most common causes of a cold wave...from the polar regions.”可知，来自极地地区的非常强的高压系统经常导致寒潮的发生。
35．What is the passage mainly about
A．A natural program.
B．A climate disaster.
C．A scientific method.
D．A scientific experiment.
B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了可能会给人类生命和财产带来危害的一种自然灾害——寒潮。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Natural disasters may claim thousands of lives or destroy millions of homes. What can we learn from disasters
Sometimes, there are no real answers. Everyone has lost something and someone, and they keep on asking what they have done to deserve this cruel fate. It's okay to hold on to these questions, but no matter how hard and painful it is, you should keep moving, breathing and living. 36.________
Even strangers can teach you kindness. There may be millions of selfish people in the world. 37.________ There is still kindness out there, waiting to be discovered. You will find it everywhere, at the most unexpected places—even among the wastelands left by the disaster.
Family is everything. Sometimes we forget to love our family, just because we're too busy with our own lives. 38.________ We will not realize their value until we arrive at an empty house, an abandoned and forgotten place that you once called “home”.
39．________ Sure, reality can be harsh and unforgiving but it doesn't mean that we should blame ourselves and feel like a victim forever. We have to strive and thrive; we have to fight and do whatever it takes to resist and rise up. Not everyone will have a happy ending or an interesting plot, but we can always decide how to write the ending.
Every day of your life should be spent loving and living. Don't be angry at the world for letting you live an unbearable life of heartbreaks and frustrations. 40.________ So just love deep and love hard. Live as if it's your only chance to find the happiness that you deserve.
A．You'll find your way someday.
B．Your money won't matter in the end.
C．Life is too short to live in its imperfections.
D.However, it's not a reason to lose hope in humanity.
E．You shouldn't be a victim forever—be a survivor.
F．You have to help yourself first before you can help others.
G．At times, we take them for granted because we think they'll always be there.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了尽管现实很残酷， 有很多灾难， 但我们应该热爱生活， 过好每一天。
36．A　解析：上文说明尽管现实残酷，生活艰难，但也应继续生活，空处应说明总有一天会找到出路。A项承接上文符合语境。
37．D　解析：上文“Even strangers can teach you kindness. There may be millions of selfish people in the world.”与下文“There is still kindness out there, waiting to be discovered.”说明尽管有许多自私的人，但世界上还是有善良等待着被发现，空处内容应与不要对人类失去希望相关。D项符合语境。
38．G　解析：下文说明平时我们不会意识到家以及家人对于我们的意义和价值，空处应说明我们会认为家人是理所当然的。G项承上启下，符合语境。
39．E　解析：根据本段内容可知，现实很残酷，但我们不应该永远觉得自己为受害者，要努力奋斗，空处内容应与不要永远成为受害者相关。E项符合语境。
40. C　解析：上文“Don't be angry at the world for letting you live an unbearable life of heartbreaks and frustrations.”说明我们的世界不完美、生活不完美， 但我们仍要积极乐观，空处内容应与不可能生活在完美中相关。C项符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Some years ago, I was stuck on a crosstown bus during rush hour. The bus was filled with cold, tired people __41__ with one another. Two men __42__ at each other for an unintentional push. An elderly woman got on, but nobody offered her a __43__. Anger was in the air; no __44__ could be found here.
As the bus approached Seventh Avenue, the driver's words came from the speaker. “Folks，” he said. “I know you've had a(n) __45__ day and that you are depressed, but I will __46__. When each of you walks by me before getting off, drop your __47__ into my palm (手掌). My route goes right by the Hudson River, into which I'll __48__them. ”
It seemed as if a spell had lifted. Everyone burst out laughing, their faces shining with __49__. The passengers who had been __50__ each other's existence were suddenly grinning (咧嘴笑) at each other—is this guy serious
At the next stop, just as __51__， the driver held out his hand, palm up, and waited. All the __52__ passengers performed the gesture of dropping something into his palm. The driver __53__ the same action at every stop that followed.
Occasionally we may sink into a grey world, but someone can __54__ it like a ray of light, showing us hope. What if we are the light？__55__， anyone possesses the power to shine on others' dark days.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名公交车司机通过让乘客在下车前把烦恼放在他的掌心里， 然后他把烦恼拿去扔掉来点亮乘客们的一天， 使他们充满希望的故事。
41．A.satisfied　　　　　 　 B．associated
C．impressed D．annoyed
D　解析：根据上文“Some years ago, I was stuck on...rush hour.”和下文“Anger was in the air”可知，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人， 他们对彼此很恼怒(annoy)。
42．A.waved B．nodded
C．barked D．shot
C　解析：根据下文“an unintentional push”和“Anger was in the air”可知，两名男子因无意推搡而互相大声嚷(bark)。
43．A.reminder B．seat
C．ride D．choice
B　解析：根据上文可知， 公共汽车上的人又冷漠又累， 一个老妇人上了车， 但没人给她让座(seat)。
44．A.mercy B．fortune
C．courage D．security
A　解析：根据上文“An elderly woman got on, but nobody offered her a ________．”可知， 这里没有慈悲(mercy)可言。
45．A.tough B．average
C．important D．fruitful
A　解析：根据上文“tired people”可知， 此处表示公共汽车上的乘客们今天过得很艰难(tough)。
46．A.make comments B．show up
C．help out D．take risks
C　解析：根据上文“you are depressed”可知， 此处表示司机会帮乘客们。help out意为“帮助……摆脱困难”， 呼应下文司机想办法让乘客们开心。
47．A.memories B．troubles
C．faults D．tips
B　解析：根据上文可知， 疲倦的乘客们因堵车心烦意乱， 导致车上弥漫着愤怒情绪， 司机想缓和这种情况， 所以司机是让乘客们把他们的烦恼(trouble)丢在他的掌心。
48．A.transform B．stretch
C．accompany D．cast
D　解析：根据上文“drop your ________ into my palm”可知， 此处表示把烦恼扔(cast)进河里。
49．A.envy B．greed
C．pleasure D．pride
C　解析：根据上文“Everyone burst out laughing”可知， 每个人都笑了起来， 脸上洋溢着喜悦(pleasure)的笑容。
50．A.suspecting B．ignoring
C．expecting D．appreciating
B　解析：根据上文“The bus was filled with cold, tired people”和下文“were suddenly grinning at each other”可知，司机提议后， 一直无视(ignore)对方存在的乘客们突然对视而笑。
51．A.ordered B．promised
C．requested D．reported
B　解析：根据上文可知， 到了下一站，就像承诺(promise)过的那样， 司机伸出手， 掌心朝上， 等待着接乘客们的烦恼。
52．A.chosen B．fooled
C．sitting D．exiting
D　解析：根据上文“before getting off”可知， 所有要离开的(exiting)乘客都做了一个把什么东西放到他的手掌里的手势。
53．A.repeated B．designed
C．interpreted D．evaluated
A　解析：根据下文“the same action at every stop that followed”可知， 司机在接下来的每一站都重复(repeat)同样的动作。
54．A.divide B．explore
C．reward D．brighten
D　解析：根据上文司机缓和气氛的做法和下文“like a ray of light”可知， 有人能像一线光明一样照亮(brighten)我们灰暗的世界。
55．A.However B．Instead
C．Actually D．Consequently
C　解析：根据下文“anyone possesses the power to shine on others' dark days”可知， 事实上(actually), 任何人都有照亮别人的黑暗日子的能力， 就像司机所做的那样。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On February 16，1861，a big earthquake struck Sumatra，an Indonesian island.The earthquake shook the western side of the island, 56.____________ (cause) a tsunami.That wall of water poured onto shore，destroying towns and taking thousands of 57.____________ (life).　
Recently，though，a team of scientists discovered that another earthquake 58.____________ (occur) before this deadly event.According to the record，that earthquake started in 1829 and lasted for 32 years but no one felt even one shake.This kind of slow moving earthquake 59.____________(call) “silent earthquakes” because no instrument can find them.Scientists have only begun discovering them because 60.____________ the advances in science technology in the last twenty years.
61．____________(figure) out what is going on under the ground，scientists need to study earthquakes.Every earthquake, either small 62.____________ big, can teach scientists something about how much the ground will shake in the future.Unluckily，no one can predict (预测) when an earthquake will hit.Scientists just have to prepare to study all earthquakes 63.____________ strike.
But silent earthquakes like the one in Sumatra change the game for scientists.These silent earthquakes happen all over the world.Sometimes, a silent earthquake happens just before a regular one，both of which might be 64.____________(relate).By studying silent earthquakes，scientists hope to better understand regular earthquakes and 65.____________ (possible) predict them.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无声地震的定义以及科学家为预测这种地震所做的研究。
56．causing　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语shook，空处应用现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果。
57．lives　解析：考查名词复数。根据thousands of 可知，空处名词应用复数形式。
58．had occurred　解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语before this deadly event，结合这次地震发生的时间为1861年可知，句子描述过去的过去，应用过去完成时。
59．is called　解析：考查动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致。句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语和动词call之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又因主语是单数，be动词用is。
60．of　解析：考查介词。because of是固定搭配，意为“因为”，是介词短语，后面接名词，代词或动名词。
61．To figure　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处是动词不定式作状语，表示目的，空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
62．or　解析：考查固定搭配。“either...or...”意为“或者……或者……”，是固定搭配。
63．that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为earthquakes，指物，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词前由all来修饰，只能用关系代词that来引导定语从句。
64．related　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，表示“相关联的”，应用形容词related。
65．possibly　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词predict，应用副词possibly。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华， 你的英国笔友戴维(David)的家乡遭遇了特大洪涝灾害， 受损严重，戴维自己也受伤了。请你给他写一封信，要点如下：
1.给予安慰和鼓励；
2.为他提供帮助。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear David，
Hearing that a heavy flood struck your hometown, I was in shock. I'm writing to offer my genuine concern and sincere support.
I knew the flood caused great damage to your hometown and that some areas were even in ruins. What's worse, you were injured, suffering great pain physically and mentally. I do feel sad about this and I sincerely hope you can get recovered soon. Meanwhile, never lose heart and don't forget I am always by your side though I can not fly there to fight against the disaster with you. I have raised some money for you and some volunteers have donated medical supplies, which will be delivered to you as soon as possible.
Wish you all the best. And feel free to contact me if you need any more help.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25 分)
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I worked as a nurse, I was on day duty while my workmates were on night duty. On one shift, I sensed something just before going off duty at 11 a．m. I put down the tray (托盘) on the table and suddenly it fell off the table. At first I thought I had accidentally knocked it over, but then I felt the whole building shaking and heard patients screaming.
I realized that an earthquake was happening. I quickly caught hold of a nearby patient, who was terribly frightened, and pushed her under a bed. And then, I got under another bed myself. As soon as the earthquake stopped, I decided to try and get the patient safely outside. I carried her out and helped her down to the grassland, where several other people had gathered.
Afraid that my other workmates were in danger, I went back inside the building again. When I met Lucy, our ward sister (病房护士长), I found her patient couldn't walk. We made a seat for the patient by linking our hands and arms, and carried her outside together. We went back to the building to check no one was left behind in our wards.
Just then, we saw that a male doctor was calling for volunteers to go to other wards with him to help more people, so we went together. The doctor went ahead of us and found one of the nurses partially covered with rubble(碎石)，luckily still alive.Suddenly, the aftershock struck and the doctor ordered us to leave. He intended to stay alone and risk his own life to save the nurse.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
However, without hesitation, we made up our minds to stay with the doctor and save the nurse together.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Later in the afternoon, I had time to look around and saw the destroyed buildings.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
However, without hesitation, we made up our minds to stay with the doctor and save the nurse together.The doctor encouraged the trapped nurse to stay calm, and in the meanwhile, we focused our efforts on removing the rubble that trapped her body. Although faced with falling rubble from time to time, we continued. Gradually and slowly, we lifted the nurse out of the rubble. The doctor put the nurse on his back and ran out of the building with the assistance of us.Finally, all, including patients, nurses and doctors, were in the safe place.
Later in the afternoon, I had time to look around and saw the destroyed buildings. My beautiful workplace changed beyond recognition, even some in ruins. At the sight of this, my heart sank. Suddenly, the gentle wind danced around me, which made me think of all the people surviving the earthquake with our help. It was our teamwork that made a difference. I held the firm belief that some day in the future my workplace would be rebuilt and take on a new look, where we would continue working together to save more patients.INCLUDEPICTURE "外刊撷英LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../外刊撷英LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../外刊撷英LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../外刊撷英LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Two in Three Families Visit Nature Once a Week at Most
Adapted from The Guardian 202404
More than three quarters of children want to spend more time in nature, recently, the National Trust has found, as the charity pushes ministers① to ensure youngsters are no more than a 15 minute walk from green spaces.
An 63% of parents are able to take their children to natural places only once a week or less, citing② accessibility③ as the main barrier, the survey of 1，000 children aged 7 to 14 and 1，000 parents by the trust and the children's newspaper First News found.
The trust is calling on④ the government to live up to⑤ its promise for every person to be 15 minutes from nature—a target by 80% of parents in the survey—by enshrining (把……庄严地载入) the access in law.
As part of a to level up access to nature, the prime minister Rishi Sunak, said in January 2023 that everyone would live no more than quarter of an hour from green space.In December the Guardian uncovered⑥ documents that suggested the government had no intention⑦ of meeting the target.It is understood Natural England is working with the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) to develop a baseline for the 15 minute commitment based on walking routes rather than straight line distances.The National Trust's director general, Hilary McGrady, said：“The benefits of ensuring access to nature is to see, but there is unequal access to it.We'd like to see the largest improvement in access to urban⑧ green space since the Victorian era...We know from our own work, as well as the polling⑨ around this issue, there is huge public appetite⑩ to these issues—it is a real vote winner.”
The trust said the survey was commissioned to show the disparity in access to green space compared with public demand.
It also found 31% of parents surveyed from lower income households cited the main barrier to accessing nature as cost; 76% of children wanted to spend more time in nature and 56% of children wanted better access to nature and green space.
Research has also shown access to such space benefits children in a variety of ways including better lung health and stronger bone density ， as well as mental and physical well being .Government data in the environmental improvement plan announced in January 2023 shows 38% of people live more than a 15 minute walk from a green or blue space.
A Defra spokesperson said：“We are creating more opportunities for people to access nature and spend time outdoors in our countryside—it's why we have set out our ambition for every household to be within a 15 minute walk of a green space or water.This is especially important for children, and so we have put in ￡2.5m specifically to help young people to spend time in nature. Alongside this, we've announced plans for a new national park, made ￡7m available for green community spaces and opened 1，075 miles of the King Charles Ⅲ coast path.”
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①minister n.　　　 部长
②cite v. 提及
③accessibility n. 可达性；可及性
④call on 呼吁；号召
⑤live up to 遵守(诺言)
⑥uncover v. 揭露；发现
⑦intention n. 意图；打算
⑧urban adj. 都市的
⑨polling n. 民意测验
⑩appetite n． [熟词生义]
强烈欲望
commission v. 正式委托
disparity n. 差异
density n. 密度
well being n. 健康
ambition n. 追求的目标
specifically adv. 专门地　
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答案：1.has found　2.to ensure　3.estimated　4.accessibility　5.to　6.that　7.households　8.a
9．ambition　10.specifically
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1．conservation n.　　 A．to think about a problem and decide how to deal with it
2．estimate v. B．a promise to do sth. or to behave in a particular way
3．back v. C．the protection of the natural environment
4．commitment n. D．to give help or support to sb./sth.
5．plain adj. E．to form an idea of the cost, size or
value of sth.
6．address v. F．easy to see or understand
答案：1～5.CEDBF　6.A
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Please give some advice on how to build green space in the school.
One possible version：
It is preferable to plant some low evergreen plants around the front entrance so that it can be well decorated.On the east side of the library lies the reading area, where reading corridors can be built, with some tall plants providing shade for readers.It is highly recommended to plant seasonal flowers, which not only brings a visual feast to the students, but also enables us to feel the changes of the four seasons.INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．The food that birds rely on when they move to the north might not be reliable(rely) if the beginning of spring at these higher latitudes (维度地区) is extended.
2．It is claimed(claim) that a balanced diet is key to maintaining a healthy weight.
3．The weather, even for February, was exceptionally(exceptional) cold, so we had to stay indoors all day.
4．To make himself understood, he pronounced the words very slowly and precisely(precise), ensuring that his message was clearly conveyed to the listeners.
5．Shortly after the accident, many rescuers(rescue) were sent to the spot and all the people trapped in the fallen building were rescued.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．In a laboratory setting, certain chemical reactions can occur in seconds, releasing energy or changing the properties of substances.
2．It started out to be a beautiful day. Then, all of a sudden, it became cloudy and began to rain.
3．This is a great place for camping but you have to look out for snakes and spiders—Australia has some of the most dangerous in the world.
4．(人教必修二U2) The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
5．Some parents are just too protective. They want to shelter their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
6．Since you claim to__be(be) very familiar with this place, how about serving as our guide today
维度三　完成句子
1.(译林必修二U4)一个小孩和一个男人正在海滩上散步，这时小孩突然发现了一个贝壳，并把它放在耳边。(be doing...when...)
A child and a man were__walking__on__the__beach__when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.
2．无论可能遇到什么困难，只要你坚持努力，你所有的梦想就都会实现。(whatever引导让步状语从句)
Whatever__difficulties__you__may__meet,__all your dreams will come true as long as you keep on working hard.
3．如果天气允许，运动会将在下周五上午举行，我们希望所有参与者都能享受这次活动。(独立主格结构)
Weather__permitting，the sports meeting will be held next Friday morning, and we hope for an enjoyable event for all participants.
4．(北师大必修一U3)每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围——我意识到我踏上了回家的路。 (the moment引导时间状语从句)
Every year, the__moment__I__get__on__the__train,__I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.
Ⅰ.回溯课文·语段微练
【改编自Developing ideas】
It's strange, but I don't really remember much about the hurricane itself. 1.________ I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off. All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been. 2.________
Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. 3.________ We were going nowhere.
At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but we couldn't drink any of it otherwise we'd get really sick. 4.________ It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. 5.________
A．It all happened so quickly.
B．After that I soon felt a little cool.
C．I was so frightened that I just froze.
D．Our street turned into a river in seconds.
E．He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
F.Though we searched it everywhere, it was nowhere to be found.
G．We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough.
答案：1～5.ACDGE
Ⅱ.融合教材·主题探究
【改编自译林必修三U2】
Pompeii was a typical Roman city. In its little shops, its tiny palaces, its forum, its wine bars, its theatre—in the energy and skill of its people, you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire. Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions. Above all, the cloud capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come!
The awful night rolled slowly away, and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII! The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano. It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire! This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment：now it was wildly bright, now of a pale and dying red, and now again it burnt with an unbearable light!
The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet；beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later, the mountain cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; at the same time, it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone! Over the empty streets—over the forum—far and wide—with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea—fell that awful shower!
Each turned to fly—each running, pressing, pushing against the other. If, in the darkness, wife was separated from husband, or parent from child, there was no hope of their meeting again. Each hurried blindly and fearfully on. So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii.
1．What could be seen in the port of Pompeii
A．Only trading ships.
B．Only golden pleasure boats for the rich.
C．Both trading ships and golden pleasure boats.
D.Neither trading ships nor golden pleasure boats.
2．What did the cloud from the top of the volcano look like
A．A huge bird.　　　 　 B．A huge tree.
C．A huge monster. D．A huge palace.
3．What sounds could be heard during the disaster
A．Only the cries of women.
B．Only the crash of falling roofs.
C．Both the cries of women and the crash of falling roofs.
D．Neither the cries of women nor the crash of falling roofs.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．The people of Pompeii were well prepared for the disaster.
B．The disaster happened suddenly and unexpectedly.
C．The people of Pompeii had enough time to escape.
D．The city of Pompeii was rebuilt after the disaster.
答案：1～4.CBCB
Ⅰ.阅读理解
For decades，climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them according to the damage.“Naming and categorizing(把……归类) heat waves is also a must，” states a newly formed international union，called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance. “Hurricanes get attention because they cause obvious physical damage，” says Jennifer Marlon，a climate scientist at Yale University.Heat waves, however, have less evident effects，since the primary damage is to human health.
Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather related disaster. Data from the National Weather Service show that from 1986 to 2019, there were 4，257 deaths as a result of heat.By comparison，there were fewer deaths by floods(2，907)，tornadoes(2，203) or hurricanes(1，405) over the same period.What's more, climate change is increasing the possibility of high temperature events worldwide，getting tens of thousands of people dying each year because of heat.
Some populations are particularly easily harmed by high heat，including people over 65 and those with potential medical conditions.Historical racial discrimination also puts minority communities at higher risk.Due to housing policies，they are more likely to live in urban areas, heat islands which lack green spaces that help cool down neighborhoods.
Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is.No single definition currently exists.Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave，“We don't have a common understanding of the danger we face，” says Aaron Bernstein，an expert of the new group.“Defined categories for heat waves could help local officials better prepare to deal with potential health problems in the face of rising temperatures.And naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks caused by these silent killers.”
The union is having conversations with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，the World Meteorological Organization and other institutions to develop a standard naming and ranking practice.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了有关组织和科学家表示热浪应该像飓风一样被命名，并介绍了热浪所带来的危害以及对热浪进行命名和分类会带来的好处。
1．What do we know about the heat wave in America
A．It causes most serious physical damage.
B．It has got more attention in recent years.
C.It kills more people than other natural disasters.
D．It is the biggest killer among weather related disasters.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather related disaster.”可知，在美国，热浪是与天气有关的灾害中最大的杀手。
2．Why are minority populations easily harmed by heat waves
A．They live in poorly built houses.
B．They lack good medical resources.
C．They have less access to green spaces.
D．They are limited in their movements.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Historical racial discrimination also...cool down neighborhoods.”可知，少数族群容易受到热浪的伤害是因为他们缺乏有助于降温的绿色空间。
3．What is the author's attitude towards the expert mentioned in paragraph 4
A．Supportive.　　　　　　 B．Negative.
C．Conservative (保守的). D．Objective.
A　解析：观点态度题。根据第四段内容可知，作者认为应该对热浪进行命名和排名，所以对专家的态度是支持的。
4．What does the passage intend to tell us about heat waves
A．They also kill lives like hurricanes.
B．They should have names like hurricanes.
C．Climate change is affecting them greatly.
D．Measures should be taken to prevent them.
B　解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段第二句可知，文章说明了有组织和科学家表示热浪应该像飓风一样被命名以及热浪所带来的危害和对热浪进行命名和分类会带来的好处。因此，这篇文章想告诉我们热浪应该像飓风一样有名字。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I used to think my life was perfect.My mom had her dream job and a beautiful office and I had my own room with a computer and a garden to __1__．But one Sunday, everything changed.A hurricane __2__ our neighborhood while we were visiting my grandparents in Raleigh.Our kitchen was destroyed, and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins.
But something __3__ happened.Our neighbors，the Flores family，came to our __4__．They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.Their __5__ was most impressive.We had never __6__ spoken to them before, but they __7__ their home to us and made us feel like family.
We started a new __8__ of having weekend dinner together.We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us，and our __9__ were filled with laughter and delicious food.It was a beautiful thing to see our __10__ come together in the wake of a disaster.
I __11__ knew Rosica，their daughter，before the hurricane.But she quickly became my friend.She had a gift for __12__ and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter.
Looking back，I realize that the hurricane __13__ unexpected benefit.It brought us closer to our neighbors and __14__ our lives in ways we never could have imagined. Sometimes，it takes a(n) __15__ to bring out the best in people.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的家被飓风摧毁，而之前并不熟悉的邻居向作者一家伸出了援手，社区也团结在了一起的故事。作者感悟到一场灾难能激发出人们最好的一面。
1．A.look after B．worry about
C．dream of D．deal with
A　解析：根据上文a garden及常识可知，此处指打理(look after)花园。
2．A.visited B．skipped
C．approached D．swept
D　解析：根据下文“Our kitchen was destroyed, and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins.”可知，一场飓风席卷(sweep)了作者一家所在的街区。
3．A.invisible B．unexpected
C．impossible D．unlucky
B　解析：根据下文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.”及最后一段内容可知，之前并不熟悉的邻居来帮助(aid)作者一家，这是意想不到的(unexpected)事情。
4．A.mind B．knowledge
C．aid D．sense
C　解析：参见上题解析。
5．A.belief B．request
C．wealth D．kindness
D　解析：根据上文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.”可知，邻居们的善良(kindness)最令人印象深刻。
6．A.really B．carefully
C．naturally D．clearly
A　解析：根据下文“but they...feel like family”及语境可知，作者一家之前从未和邻居真正(really)交谈过。
7．A.sold B．rented
C．showed D．opened
D　解析：根据上文offered us a place to stay及语境可知，此处指邻居为作者一家敞开(open)大门。
8．A.business B．project
C．tradition D．life
C　解析：根据下文of having weekend dinner together及语境可知，此处指飓风发生后大家在周末一起吃晚饭成为一个新传统(tradition)。
9．A.reunions B．gatherings
C．journeys D．memories
B　解析：根据上文“having weekend dinner together...other families from the neighborhood to join us”可知，作者一家邀请了附近的其他家庭一起吃晚饭，此处指聚会(gathering)上充满了笑声和美味的食物。
10．A.family B．volunteers
C．community D．supporters
C　解析：根据上文内容及语境可知，此处指这个社区(community)在灾难之后团结在一起。
11．A.soon B．never
C．already D．also
B　解析：根据下文“But she quickly became my friend.”及语境可推知，此处指飓风之前作者从不(never)认识罗西卡。
12．A.fortune telling B．story telling
C．handwriting D．housekeeping
B　解析：根据下文“our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter”可知，罗西卡有讲故事(story telling)的天赋，让他们在一起的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声。
13．A.brought about B．resulted from
C．made up for D．got away with
A　解析：根据下文unexpected benefit及语境可知，此处指飓风带来(bring about)了意想不到的好处。
14．A.saved B．controlled
C．enriched D．recorded
C　解析：根据上文内容可知，飓风过后邻里之间周末一起吃晚饭，作者还结交了新朋友，社区充满了欢声笑语，此处指飓风丰富(enrich)了大家的生活。
15．A.instant B．effort
C．party D．disaster
D　解析：根据上文内容及语境可知，飓风之后社区团结在一起，所以是一场灾难(disaster)激发出了人们最好的一面。INCLUDEPICTURE "英WYBX3Unit6LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../英WYBX3Unit6LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../英WYBX3Unit6LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../英WYBX3Unit6LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
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1．disaster 　 　 A．when a volcano explodes and sends smoke,
fire and rock into the sky
2．tube B．an unexpected event, such as a
very bad accident, a flood or a fire, that kills
a lot of people or causes a lot of damage
3．plus C．a violent tropical storm with
very strong winds
4．erupt D．to happen
5．immediately E．a spoken or written statement
that informs people about sth.
6．typhoon F．a long hollow pipe made of
metal, plastic, rubber, etc., through which liquids or gases
move from one place to another
7．occur G．used after a number to show
that the real number or amount is more than the one mentioned
8．announcement H．without delay
答案：1～5.BFGAH　6～8.CDE
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Activity 1　Reading for Genre and Structure
1．Genre: ____________
A.Exposition (说明文).　 B．Narration (记叙文).
C．Argumentation (议论文).
答案：B
2．Structure and Clues：
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答案：(1)poor　(2)hotter　(3)scared　(4)shocked　(5)nervous　(6)less worried
Activity 2　Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
It mainly talks about the__author's__feelings__and__concerns__on__the__London__Tube__on__an__unusually__hot__day．
Activity 3　Reading for Details
1．Read Part 1 and answer the following questions.
(1)Tell the following sentences True (T) or False (F).
①Today is the hottest day in London.F
②The air conditioning was invented before the Tube.F
③It's unusual that the temperature in London is over 30.T
(2)How does the author find the Tube system in London
It's__old__and__the__condition__is__poor.
2．Read Part 2 and answer the following questions.
(1)Why does the author feel a bit sick
A.Because the temperature in the train has reached 35 degrees.
B．Because the author had bacon and eggs for breakfast.
C．Because a volcano is erupting near London.
D．Because it is very hot and crowded in the Tube.
答案：D
(2)What can we know from paragraph 2
A．The passenger next to the author is wearing a suit.
B．The air conditioning in the train is broken down.
C．Today's temperature might be very high.
D．The cars parked below the buildings are to be melted.
答案：C
(3)Why does the author think about work
Because__he__is__feeling__a__bit__sick,__and__he__wants__to__avoid__the__feeling.
(4)Why does the author suggest moving to the top floor
Because__he__is__afraid__that__his__workplace__will__be__flooded.
(5)What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．The author feels scared to live in London.
B．The author isn't able to swim at all.
C．The author has put a boat in his flat.
D．The author cannot survive when the buildings are flooded.
答案：B
(6)Why are there so many disasters in this summer
Because__of__the__climate__change.
3．Read Part 3 and answer the following question.
How does the author feel when he steps out of the station
A．Less hot.　　　　　　　 B．Much sicker.
C．More worried. D．More scared.
答案：A
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I pick 1.up a free newspaper at the Tube station and see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot！”．Today, the temperature in London is expected 2.to__reach(reach) 30 plus degrees.While 3.going(go) down the stairs and onto the platform, I feel like jumping into a volcano that is erupting.However, it is much 4.worse(bad) on the train because there is no air conditioning.With so many people on the train, I feel I am melting into one with the person 5.who/that is next to me.Standing on the crowded hot train, I feel sick and uncomfortable.
With the temperature getting higher each year, I think I should be well prepared for the change. Perhaps, I should sell my flat and buy a boat so that I will be able to get to work when the Thames 6.rises(rise).I will also speak with my manager about moving my office to the top floor.Most 7.importantly(important), I should learn swimming immediately so as to survive when the tall buildings 8.are__flooded(flood).Since it's difficult to avoid 9.disasters(disaster) on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space.
In the end, I manage to make 10.it to Bank station. Stepping out of the station, I feel much more comfortable.Anyhow, it is only 30 degrees outside.
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1．Have you ever come across extreme weather
_____________________________
2．What influence do you think extreme weather will cause in the future
_____________________________
3．What would you do to improve our climate
_____________________________
答案：Open answers.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．typhoon n.　　　　　　 A．山崩，滑坡
2．landslide n. B．台风
答案：1～2.BA
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．natural disasters　　　　　 自然灾害
2．a test tube 一支试管
3．5 plus degrees 5度以上
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n．(火山)爆发，喷发；(战争等)爆发
2．immediately adv.即刻，马上→immediate adj.立即的，即刻的
3．occur v．发生，出现；存在于；想起→occurrence n.发生，出现；发生的事情；存在的事物
4．announcement n．通告，公告；宣布；宣告→announce vt.宣布；宣告(决定、计划等)；通告；广播
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．No matter how your body reacts__to(对……作出反应) stress, ignoring the problem can have serious health results.
2．Hardly had Mike picked__up(捡起) the ball when another player took it from him.
3．Go__down__the__stairs(走下楼梯) right over there and you will see some signs of how to get into the underground garage.
4．Compared__to(与……相比) the whole size of the Earth, the biggest ocean in the world looks small.
5．As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you will make__it(成功).Remember, every journey begins with a single step.
6．I looked__through(浏览) my test paper again and again so that I wouldn't make any mistakes.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
A.根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．动词 ing形式作状语
(1)Picking__up__a__free__newspaper(拿起一份免费报纸) at the Tube station, I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot！”．(Para.1)
(2)Looking__through__my__newspaper(翻阅报纸的时候), I'm shocked by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town.(Para.4)
[分析]　此句中“showing...a town”是动词 ing形式作定语。
2．动词 ing形式作主语
Sure enough, going__down__the__stairs__and__onto__the__platform(走下楼梯，迈上站台) is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting.(Para.2)
[分析]　此句中还含有that引导的定语从句。
3．now that引导原因状语从句
Now__that__it's__hard__to__avoid__a__disaster__on__Earth(既然在地球上很难躲避灾难), perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...(Para.4)
B.根据汉语提示并使用以上句式结构完成下面的小短文
Natural disasters, like floods and earthquakes, often bring great losses. 1.Now__that__they__can't__be__predicted(既然它们不能被预测), 2.taking__preventive__measures (采取预防性措施) is of great importance. 3.Facing__these__disasters(面对这些灾害), people are constantly improving prevention awareness, working hard to minimize the damage. Moreover, we should keep calm and try to save ourselves and help others. Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end.
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【层级一　高频词汇诠释】
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look through　浏览，翻阅；仔细检查；透过……看；看穿，识破
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①(教材P84)Looking through my newspaper, I'm shocked by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town.
翻阅报纸的时候，我被一组照片震惊到了，照片显示亚洲的一场台风摧毁了一座城镇。
②(译林选必四U3)It's also vital to look back on the process to see what you did well and where improvements are still needed.　回顾这个过程也很重要，看看你什么做得好，还有哪些地方需要改进。
③(经典例句)Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it.
现在每个博物馆都有一个网站，可以让你浏览关于它的信息。
look forward to　　　　　　 期待，盼望(to为介词)
look into 调查，研究
look out (for) 当心；注意
look back on 回忆，回顾
look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起
look up 查阅；抬头向上看；看望
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)The end of a year is a good time to look back, reflecting on achievements and to look forward to seeing(see) what we still need to do.
(2)(人教必修三U4)People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.
(3)We'll look into the problem and call you when we have more information. Please wait for our reply.
(4)可以请你帮我仔细检查一下这篇论文并看看有没有明显的错误吗？
Would you please look__through__the__paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
背诵点 应用文写作之求助信
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occur　v.发生，出现；存在于；想起
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①(教材P84)Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.
专家称，这种恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。
②(北师大选必一U3)The fifth event, which occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs.
6 600万年前发生的第五次事件导致了恐龙的灭亡。
(1)sth.occurs/occurred to sb.
　　　　　　　　　 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；
某人想到某事
(2)It occurs/occurred to sb.that...
某人突然想到……
It occurs/occurred to sb. to do...
某人想到要做……
(3)occurrence n. 发生，出现；发生的事情；
存在的事物
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(人教必修三U3)What a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred(occur) in 1906.
(2)It occurred to me to__attend(attend) an important meeting when I was about to go home.
(3)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)我感到非常沮丧和抱歉，尴尬的笑容悄悄地浮现在我的脸上。然后我想到了一个主意。
I felt so depressed and sorry, embarrassed smile creeping into my face. Then an__idea__occurred__to__me．
背诵点 读后续写之情绪描写
(4)我突然想到，帮助别人是无价的，每个人都应该是一个救生员。
It__occurred__to__me__that helping others was priceless and everyone should be a lifeguard.
背诵点 读后续写之主旨升华
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announcement　n.通告，公告；宣布；宣告
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①(教材P84)“The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement.　“下一站，银行站！”报站声响起。
②(经典例句)We were eager to hear the announcement of the winners of the race, our hearts pounding with anticipation and excitement.
我们急切地想听到比赛获胜者的宣布，我们的心因期待和兴奋而砰砰直跳。
(1)make an announcement　　 下通知；宣布
(2)announce vt. 宣布；通知
announce to sb.sth.＝announce sth. to sb.
向某人宣布某事
announce that... 宣布……
It is announced that... 据称……；
据宣布……
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单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)(人教必修二U4)When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced(announce) that there were no audio guides left.
(2)The school made an announcement(announce) about holding an English speech contest the next Monday, which made Tom very excited.
背诵点 读后续写之心理描写
(3)It__is__announced__that(据称) big prizes will go to whoever finishes the assignment on time, further motivating students to complete their tasks efficiently.
(4)当主持人宣布她获奖时，她兴奋得不能自已，脸上露出灿烂的笑容。
When__the__host__announced__that__she__won__the__prize,__a wide excitement took hold of her, her face lighting up with a brilliant smile.
背诵点 读后续写之情绪描写
【层级二　中频词汇积累】
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immediately 　adv.即刻，马上conj.一……就……
(1)immediate adj.　　 即刻的，马上的；迫切的
(2)作连词且意为“一……就……”的副词还有directly、instantly等，它们相当于as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute。
[微练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He didn't recognise me immediately(immediate) when I said hello to him.
(2)她演讲一结束，班上就爆发出一阵雷鸣般的掌声。
Immediately/Directly/Instantly__she__finished__her__speech,__a storm of applause erupted from the class.
背诵点 读后续写之场景描写
【层级三　低频词汇拾遗】
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disaster　 n．灾难，灾祸
①(2023·浙江卷1月)Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.
大多数火车每天只运行一次，有些一周只运行三次，所以错过你的(火车)可能是一场灾难。
②(译林必修三U2)Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
尽管目前整个灾区有7人死亡，200多人受伤，但只有5名学生受了轻伤。
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plus　 adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余
conj.而且，加上　prep.和；外加
①(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Of course, with its 2，672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.　当然，它有2 672页，不算短。它包含大约16.3万个词，还有词组和惯用语。
②(2024·浙江卷1月)Jumping rope is also helpful to improve your coordination, flexibility, and balance. Plus, jumping rope is a lot of fun, which is a great way to relieve stress and improve your mood.
跳绳还有助于提高你的协调性、灵活性和平衡性。另外，跳绳很有趣，是缓解压力和改善情绪的好方法。
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erupt　v.(火山)爆发，喷发；(感情)迸发
①(经典例句)The volcano began to erupt, sending ash into the sky, covering nearby towns in a thick layer of gray dust.　火山开始喷发，灰烬直冲天空，将附近的小镇覆盖在一层厚厚的灰色尘埃中。
②(经典例句)When she heard the news, she erupted into anger, her face flushing red with rage.
当她听到这个消息时，她勃然大怒，脸气得通红。
背诵点 读后续写之情绪描写
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now that引导原因状语从句
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①(教材P84)Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
既然在地球上很难躲避灾难，或许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
②(北师大选必二U5)Now that Helen grasped the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多的语言，并且尽可能多地运用它。
教材原句中now that意为“既然、由于”，与since同义，引导的从句通常表示显而易见的原因，语气较弱，且通常位于主句之前。在口语中常省略that。
(1)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：because(因为；语气较强，常用于回答why提出的问题)、since(既然、由于)、as(因为、由于；语气较弱)、for(因为；并列连词，置于主句之后)；
(2)引导原因状语的介词短语有due to(由于、因为)、owing to(因为)、on account of(因为、由于)、because of(因为)、thanks to(由于、幸亏)等。
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Since you're interested in China's classical culture，I will send a textbook and some related materials to you as soon as possible.
背诵点 应用文写作之告知信
(2)(人教必修三U4)High end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.
(3)(译林必修三U4)Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
(4)既然你是京剧的忠实爱好者，我相信你不想错过亲眼观看一些技艺高超的表演者现场演出的机会。
Now__that/Since__you__are__a__great__lover__of__Peking__Opera,__I'm sure that you don't want to miss the chance to witness a live performance by some of the most skilled performers.
背诵点 应用文写作之邀请信
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Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．air__conditioning　　　　　 空调设备
2．step__out__of 走出……
3．climate__change 气候变化
4．in__the__face__of 面对；不顾
5．sure__enough 果真；果然
6．a__heavy__heart 沉重的心情
7．put...on__the__market 出售……
8．be__expected__to__do__sth. 预计做某事
9．move__to__space 搬到太空
10．natural__disasters 自然灾害
11．a__crowd__of 一大群；很多
12．after__all 毕竟；终究
Ⅱ.品句填词
1．All employees are paid $3 an hour plus(加) $1.50 for time worked on the weekend.
2．Before I explain in more detail why we need to focus on this chapter, I have a big announcement(宣布) for you about the upcoming test.
3．The train is to arrive in thirty minutes. Let's set out immediately(立刻) so as to meet our friends in time.
4．This volcano erupted(爆发) three years ago and caused widespread destruction in the surrounding area.
5．We were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea when an unexpected storm occurred(发生).
6．Natural disasters(灾害) take many different forms and can happen without warning, causing significant damage to property and potential loss of life.
Ⅲ.词块运用
1．More and more people move__to(搬到) big cities in search of better job opportunities, education, and a higher standard of living.
2．It took me long to pick__up(接) my friend at the airport the other day because of traffic jam.
3．Looking__through(浏览) newspapers every day, you can keep up with the latest news and developments around the world.
4．You really shouldn't have reacted__to(对……作出反应) his comment on your work so violently. After__all(毕竟), he meant no harm to you.
5．—I'm sorry I didn't make__it(及时赶上参加) to your birthday party last night.
—That's all right. I know you have been busy these days.Period 2　Using language
省　略
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一、词法上的省略
(一)动词不定式的省略
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(1)—Will you join in the game
—I'd be glad to (join in the game).
——你会参加这个游戏吗？
——我很乐意(参加这个游戏)。
(2)—Are you a teacher in this school
—No, but I wish to be (a teacher in this school).
——你是这所学校的一名老师吗？
——不，但我想成为(这所学校的一名老师)。
(3)—You didn't attend Tom's birthday party yesterday, did you
—No, but I'd like to have (attended it).
——你昨天没有参加汤姆的生日聚会，是吗？
——是的，我没参加，但我很想(参加)。
(4)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to (ride his bicycle in the street).
这个男孩想在街上骑自行车，但是他妈妈告诉他不要(在街上骑自行车)。
(5)They made the boy (to) go to bed early.
他们让男孩早点上床睡觉。
(6)We don't do much in the evenings except (to) watch television.
除了看电视，我们晚上不做太多的事。
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句(1)(2)(3)(4)为动词不定式后内容的省略；句(5)为动词不定式符号to的省略；句(6)为介词后跟省略to的不定式作宾语。　
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1．有些动词(短语)，如 want、wish、expect、hope、would like、try、forget等后面的动词不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，动词不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略。如果动词不定式中含有be或完成式，通常保留be或have。
2．某些动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，可以省去与前面相同的动词，只留下动词不定式符号to，常见的这类动词有tell、ask、advise、force、persuade、wish、allow、permit、forbid、order、warn 等。
3．感官动词(短语)see、look at、hear、listen to、watch 等和使役动词make、let、have等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略to，但在此类动词(短语)的被动语态中，to要还原。
4．作介词 but、except、besides的宾语，且前面又有实义动词 do的任何形式时，后面的动词不定式常省略to。
5．某些形容词如pleased、glad、happy等后面的动词不定式常省略 to 后面的内容，但to要保留。
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单句语法填空/用省略结构补全句子
(1)She is often heard to__sing(sing) an English song in the classroom.
(2)The city now is much noisier than it used to__be(be).
(3)All he could do was nothing but__wait__and__see(只有等等看).
(4)—How about going shopping with me tomorrow
—I'd__like__to(我想去), but I have no time.
(二)介词的省略
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(1)Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.　
树木能防止泥土被冲走。
(2)I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.
我回答这个问题有些困难。
(3)They spent two months (in) finishing the project.
他们花了两个月的时间完成这个项目。
(4)The snowy weather lasted (for) two weeks.
大雪天气持续了两个星期。
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句(1)(2)(3)(4)中均省略了介词。　
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1．一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，但要保留介词后面的动名词。常见的结构有have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.、be busy (in) doing sth.等。
2.表示一段时间或方式的短语中的for、in、by、at 等常常省略；但是for在否定句中或引导的介词短语位于句首强调持续时间时，一般不可省略。
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单句语法填空
(1)(译林必修二U1)Director James Cameron spent six months looking(look) at and revising plans of the Titanic in order to build a full sized model for his 1997 film.
(2)(译林必修一U4)She has not eaten breakfast for the last few months. She told me she had trouble concentrating(concentrate) in class.
(3)(北师大选必四U12)He said it had not prevented him from having a family, and being successful in his work.
(4)For a whole year, I was helping my dad on the farm.
二、句法上的省略
(一)简单句的省略
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(1)What a hot day (it is) today!
今天天气多热啊！
(2)—(Will you) Have a rest
—No, thanks.
——你休息一下吗？
——不，谢谢。
(3)(Is there) Anything else to say
还有什么要说的吗？
(4)—Did you go to the museum yesterday
—No, I didn't (go to the museum yesterday).
——你昨天去博物馆了吗？
——没有，我(昨天)没有(去博物馆)。
eq \a\vs4\al( INCLUDEPICTURE "语法拾遗LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../语法拾遗LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../语法拾遗LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../语法拾遗LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
句(1)(2)(3)(4)均为简单句，为了使语言简洁明了，均省略了句子中的某些成分。　
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1．感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。
2．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
3．在对话中，针对问题进行回答时，答语常常省略与问句中相同的部分。
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补全下列省略句
(1)Have a seat, please!
→You__have__a__seat,__please!
(2)Looks like rain.
→It__looks__like__rain.
(3)Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you dry.
→Let's__do__the__dishes.__I'll__wash__the__dishes__and__you__dry__them/the__dishes.
(4)Got any idea about the plan
→Have__you__got__any__idea__about__the__plan
(二)并列句的省略
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(1)John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
约翰一定是在踢足球，而玛丽一定是在做作业。
(2)Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't (sing at the party).
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不唱。
(3)(教材P83)It's lovely at the beach, but (it is) not so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers!
这个温度在海滩上是很舒适的，可是当你穿着西装，跟一群乘客挤在一起时就并非如此了。
(4)His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，但使玛丽生气。
(5)Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳戒烟了一段时间，但不久他又抽烟了。
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句(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)均为并列句，均省略了重复出现的部分。　
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针对并列句的第二分句：
1．如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。
2．如果主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者都可以省略。
3．如果主语相同，而谓语动词不同，则可省略主语。
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写出下列句中可以省略的部分
(1)Mr. Li picked up an ID card on the road and Mr. Li handed it to a policeman.第二个Mr.__Li
(2)I tried to call you for advice yesterday evening but I couldn't get through. but后的I
(3)My friend didn't come to school, and I wonder why he didn't come to school. why后的he__didn't__come__to__school
(4)Some of us study Japanese, and others study English.第二个study
(三)复合句的省略
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(1)(人教必修三U5)He gives the clerk the bank note. The clerk drops Henry's coat. Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, as if looking at something he can't believe is there.
他把钞票给了店员。店员把手中亨利的外套扔到了地上。接着，他把钞票对折起来，然后又慢慢摊开，好像在看一个他不相信存在的东西。
(2)(人教选必一U3)The park has plenty of restaurants with tasty food for every appetite—you can even eat while watching the fish swim by.
公园里有很多餐厅，有适合每个人口味的美食——你甚至可以边吃边看鱼游过。
(3)(人教必修一U3)I made a list of the things I liked about myself.　我把对自己满意的地方罗列出来。
(4)She said she had finished her homework so she wanted to go out and play.
她说她已经完成了她的作业，所以她想出去玩。
INCLUDEPICTURE "语法拾遗LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../语法拾遗LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../语法拾遗LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../语法拾遗LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
句（1）中的as if后和句（2）中的while后均省略了主语和be动词，构成了状语从句的省略形式；句（3）中省略了引导定语从句的关系代词which/that；句（4）中省略了引导宾语从句的连接词that。
INCLUDEPICTURE "明悉规则LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../明悉规则LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../明悉规则LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../明悉规则LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
2．在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that、which、who、whom常可以省略。
3．引导宾语从句的连词that常常可省略；及物动词后接两个宾语从句时，第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略，第二个宾语从句中的that不能省略。
INCLUDEPICTURE "即时测试LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../即时测试LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../即时测试LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../即时测试LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
写出下列句中可以省略的部分
(1)While I was walking along the river bank, I saw many fish swimming in the river. I__was
(2)Video games can be a poor influence if they are left in the wrong hands, so parents should monitor their children's gaming activities. they__are
(3)Among the many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. which
(4)Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. that
(5)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. that
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Ⅰ.句型转换(使用省略)
1．I'm very sorry to have hurt your feelings, but I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
→I'm very sorry to have hurt your feelings, but__I__didn't__mean__to．
2．One side of the board should be painted blue, and the other side of the board should be painted yellow.
→One side of the board should be painted blue, and__the__other__yellow．
3．When I was cooking in the kitchen, I heard the doorbell ring.
→When__cooking__in__the__kitchen,__I heard the doorbell ring.
4．If it is possible, we will finish it ahead of time.
→If__possible,__we will finish it ahead of time.
5．Only some of the rescue volunteers have done a first aid course but most of the rescue volunteers haven't done a first aid course.
→Only some of the rescue volunteers have done a first aid course but most__haven't．
6．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone who was very important to her.
→She stood at the gate as__if__waiting__for__someone__who__was__very__important__to__her．
Ⅱ.语法与写作(使用省略)
1．除非邀请你发言，否则你应该在这次会议上保持沉默。
Unless__invited__to__speak,__you should remain silent at the conference.
2．亨利通过期末考试的可能性很小，但他仍希望通过。
Henry is less likely to pass the end of term exam, but__he__still__hopes__to．
3．这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
Will you be free this Sunday？If__so,__let's go camping.
4．他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该记住它。
He__said__the__text__was__very__important and that we should memorize it.
5．让我惊讶的是，我儿子的作业完成得比预期好。
To my surprise, my son finished his homework better__than__expected．INCLUDEPICTURE "名著选萃LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../名著选萃LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../名著选萃LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../名著选萃LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Escape
Excerpt from Charlotte's Web
在朱克曼家的谷仓里，小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛建立了真挚的友谊。柔弱的夏洛付出了生命的代价拯救了威尔伯，而威尔伯带着感恩的心抚养了夏洛的孩子。
“How does it feel to be free ” asked the goose.
“I like it，” said Wilbur. “That is, I guess I like it.” Actually, Wilbur felt queer① to be outside his fence, with nothing between him and the big world②.
“Where do you think I'd better go？”
“Anywhere you like, anywhere you like，” said the goose. “Go down through the orchard (果园), root up③ the sod (草皮)! Go down through the garden, dig up the radishes (萝卜)! Root up everything! Eat grass! Look for corn! Look for oats④！ Run all over! Skip⑤ and dance, jump and prance (腾跃)! Go down through the orchard and stroll (漫步) in the woods! The world is a wonderful place when you're young.”
“I can see that，” replied Wilbur. He gave a jump⑥ in the air⑦， twirled⑧， ran a few steps, stopped, looked all around, sniffed the smells of afternoon, and then set off⑨ walking down through the orchard. Pausing⑩ in the shade of an apple tree, he put his strong snout (鼻子) into the ground and began pushing, digging, and rooting. He felt very happy. He had plowed up quite a piece of ground before anyone noticed him. Mrs. Zuckerman was the first to see him. She saw him from the kitchen window, and she immediately shouted for the men.
“Ho mer！” she cried. “Pig's out! Lurvy! Pig's out! Homer! Lurvy! Pig's out. He's down there under that apple tree.”
“Now the trouble starts，” thought Wilbur. “Now I'll catch it.”
The goose heard the racket (吵闹声) and she, too, started hollering (喊叫). “Run—run—run downhill, make for the woods, the woods！” she shouted to Wilbur. “They'll never—never—never catch you in the woods.”
The cocker spaniel (可卡犬) heard the commotion (喧闹) and he ran out from the barn to join the chase . Mr. Zuckerman heard, and he came out of the machine shed where he was mending a tool. Lurvy, the hired man, heard the noise and came up from the asparagus (芦笋) patch where he was pulling weeds . Everybody walked toward Wilbur and Wilbur didn't know what to do. The woods seemed a long way off, and anyway, he had never been down there in the woods and wasn't sure he would like it.
“Get around behind him, Lurvy，” said Mr. Zuckerman, “and drive him toward the barn! And take it easy—don't rush him! I'll go and get a bucket of slops (泔水).”
The news of Wilbur's escape spread rapidly among the animals on the place. Whenever any creature broke loose on Zuckerman's farm, the event was of great interest to the others. The goose shouted to the nearest cow that Wilbur was free, and soon all the cows knew. Then one of the cows told one of the sheep, and soon all the sheep knew. The lambs learned about it from their mothers. The horses, in their stalls in the barn, pricked up their ears when they heard the goose hollering; and soon the horses had caught on to what was happening. “Wilbur's out，” they said. Every animal stirred and lifted its head and became excited to know that one of his friends had got free and was no longer penned up (圈养) or tied fast .
Wilbur didn't know what to do or which way to run. It seemed as though everybody was after him. “If this is what it's like to be free，” he thought, “I believe I'd rather be penned up in my own yard.”
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①queer adj.奇怪的
②此处为with复合结构。
③root up 铲除
④oat n．燕麦
⑤skip v．跳跃
⑥give a jump 跳了一下
⑦in the air在空中
⑧twirl v．旋转
⑨set off 动身，出发
⑩pause v．暂停
shade n．(树)荫
plow up 犁起；深翻
shout v．呼喊
run out from...
从……中跑出来
chase n．追逐
此处为where引导定语从句。
mend v．修理
此处为v. ed形式作定语。
patch [熟词生义] n. 一块地
pull weeds 拔草
bucket n．桶
spread v．传播
rapidly adv.飞快地
此处为whenever引导时间状语从句。
creature n．生物；动物
break loose挣脱
此处为“be of＋抽象名词”结构。
lamb n．羊羔
prick up one's ears 竖起耳朵
catch on to 理解
此处为what引导宾语从句。
fast [熟词生义] adv.紧紧地　　INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．I'm Li Hua, president of the Students' Union in our school. Here I have an announcement(announce) to make.
2．I was halfway there when it occurred(occur) to me that I had left my notebook home, so I had to go back to fetch it.
3．You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately(immediate), and you need to stay calm, analyze the situation, and make the right decision.
4．(人教选必三U3)There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters(disaster) worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
5．(译林必修三U2)Mount Vesuvius' ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions(erupt) that might have warned the city what was to come!
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．Looking through the newspaper, I was shocked by the news of a hurricane which occurred in the area, causing widespread destruction and leaving many people homeless.
2．I don't know how Mrs. White will react to the news that her son has won the first place in the writing competition.
3．Mr. Green picked up some French when he was away on a business trip last year.
4．Compared to/with current search engine, this system is more convenient and more efficient to use.
5．Despite the heavy traffic, we managed to make it to the concert just before it started.
维度三　完成句子
1．既然天气预报说会有台风，我们最好待在室内。 (now that引导原因状语从句)
Now__that__the__weather__forecast__says__there__will__be__a__typhoon,__we had better stay indoors.
2．学好英语将帮助学生拓宽视野，增进他们对文化的理解。(动词 ing形式作主语)
Learning__English__well will help students to broaden their horizons and increase their cultural understanding.
3．(北师大必修二U4)通过使用智能手机、平板或电脑，你无论在家里还是在路上都能与他人保持联系。(动词 ing形式作状语)
Using__a__smartphone,__a__tablet__or__a__computer,__you can be in contact at home and also when you are on the move.
Ⅰ.回溯课文·语段微练
【改编自Understanding ideas】
Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube station, I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot！”. Today, the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus degrees! The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not __1__ for London. It's going to be awful on the Central Line, with no air conditioning. Why did they have to __2__ the Tube before air conditioning It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest. It's the __3__ on the whole Tube system.
Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the __4__ is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting. This, however, is nothing __5__ the train. Because there's no air conditioning, the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees! It's lovely at the beach, but not so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of __6__！ I'm sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one! I had bacon and eggs for breakfast, and now I'm feeling a bit sick—I hope I can make it to Bank station...I'll __7__ the feeling by thinking about work. I work in a tall, glass building. One very hot summer, the sun __8__ off it and melted cars parked below! Will this happen again today
1．A.usual 　　　　　　　 B．special
C．new D．formal
2．A.accept B．turn
C．invent D．import
3．A.coolest B．hottest
C．best D．fastest
4．A.roof B．train
C．board D．platform
5．A.compared to B．contrary to
C．according to D．thanks to
6．A.workers B．passengers
C．conductors D．soldiers
7．A.experience B．enjoy
C．avoid D．control
8．A.set B．put
C．took D．reflected
答案：1～5.ACBDA　6～8.BCD
Ⅱ.融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教必修一U4】
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep as usual that night.
At 3：42 a．m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
1．What were the strange things happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei before the earthquake
A．The water in the wells kept rising.
B．Only chickens were too nervous to eat.
C．There were no cracks in the well walls.
D．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
2．When did the earthquake happen in Tangshan
A．At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976.
B．At 3：42 a．m., on 28 July 1976.
C．At about 3：00 p．m., on 28 July 1976.
D．At 3：42 p．m., on 28 July 1976.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Only one third of the people in Beijing felt the earthquake.
B．One third of the city felt the earthquake.
C．Nearly one third of the whole nation felt the earthquake.
D.More than half of the nation felt the earthquake.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A.The earthquake caused little damage to Tangshan.
B.People in Tangshan were well prepared for the earthquake.
C．The rescue work after the earthquake was very difficult.
D．There were no more earthquakes in Tangshan after that.
答案：1～4.DBCC
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·湖北夷陵中学高一期中)In December 2004, I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea, known as sea nomads (海上游牧民族). I was living with members of the Chao Ley tribe (部落) on a small island in southern Thailand. We didn't share a language and depended on body language to communicate.
I went to the sea with them regularly. One morning, I was due to set out with a group of six fishermen in a small boat. The sea looked different, with the water totally still.
About 20 minutes after we left and a few miles out in the open sea, one of the fishermen pointed to a small white spot far in the distance. It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly. This was a tsunami wave speeding through the ocean. We were in shock.
Usually, the deeper the water, the weaker the wave. But we weren't out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck. I began to feel really scared.
The captain told the six of us where to sit, so we would balance the boat. My camera was in my backpack. I wanted to capture the scene, but I couldn't. Any movement would make the boat out of balance. Suddenly there was a huge noise. The wave hit the boat, but in a flash the skilled captain managed to swerve (突然转向) up and onto the wave. Then the boat moved from the tip of the wave down into safe waters. Our eyes and mouths were wide open, and everyone let out heavy sighs. The captain had saved us all.
Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how important life can be. I've been going back to Southeast Asia almost every year since. The photography project has become a thank you to the person who saved my life. The picture I wanted to take on the boat remains “the one that got away”—I think every photographer has one. But mine changed my life.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在与六个渔民乘坐一条小船出海时遭遇了海啸，英勇的船长救了船上所有人的故事。
1．What happened before the author set out with the fishermen
A．The captain wanted to cancel the trip.
B．He noticed something unusual.
C．They saw a white spot in the distance.
D．It looked as if it was about to rain.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One morning, I was...with the water totally still.”可知，在出发前，作者注意到了一些不寻常的情况。
2．When did the author start to feel frightened
A．When fishermen on the boat felt nervous.
B．When he realized they were trapped.
C．When the boat was about to be hit.
D．When the boat shook violently.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But we weren't out far enough to be safe...We were stuck.I began to feel really scared.”可知，当作者意识到他们被困住的时候，他开始感到害怕。
3．What was the author doing when the tsunami wave hit the boat
A．Helping the captain swerve.
B．Taking a photo of the wave.
C．Trying not to move.
D．Reaching for his backpack.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The captain told the six of us where...make the boat out of balance.”可知，当海啸波袭击船的时候，作者尽力保持不动。
4．What did the author learn from his experience
A．We should have the courage to take risks.
B．Opportunity never knocks twice.
C．Life is too short to be wasted.
D．Sometimes regrets in life can save us.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，经历了那次与死神的邂逅，作者深刻理解了生命的重要性。虽说在经历那次灾难时，作者作为摄影师没有拍到现场的照片，但船长的英勇和他们的克制不动让他们活了下来。由此可推知，从这次经历中作者意识到有时候生活中的遗憾可以拯救我们。
Ⅱ.完形填空
It was a freezing winter day when a space heater caused a fire in a high rise apartment building. The fire was small, but it __1__ huge heavy smoke. Because a broken fire door was left __2__， it took just minutes for the entire building to become a death __3__ for the people inside.
Before firefighters' arrival, people __4__ to evacuate the smoking building. Single mother of two Kristin was one of the hundreds of people __5__ to get out of the building. As she tried to carry her two young children down the crowded __6__ from her apartment, a stranger appeared out of nowhere and asked if she needed __7__. The man is Francis, who lived on the building's top floor. He was running for his __8__ and when he saw Kristin and her daughters he __9__ that he couldn't just leave them there to struggle for themselves. __10__， he picked 3 year old Kween up and took off down the stairs quickly. __11__ helped Kristin and her other child __12__ it out not long after Francis and Kween got out. Kristin couldn't __13__ what could have happened if Francis hadn't stopped to help.
Many people might have been so __14__ by the fire that they might just care about themselves __15__ danger, but this man kept his eyes open and didn't hesitate to lend a hand.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一栋着火的大楼上， 弗朗西斯冒着生命危险帮助带着两个孩子的母亲成功脱险的故事。
1．A.experienced　　　　　 B．prevented
C．produced D．attracted
C　解析：根据上文“The fire was small”及下文huge heavy smoke并结合常识可知， 浓烟是火产生(produce)的。
2．A.open B．closed
C．destructive D．alone
A　解析：根据下文“it took just minutes for the entire building to become a death ________ for the people inside”可知， 防火门开着(open)导致了浓烟的扩散，几分钟内整个大楼变成了楼里的人的死亡陷阱(trap)。
3．A.march B．game
C．blow D．trap
D　解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.attempted B．failed
C．happened D．continued
A　解析：根据上文Before firefighters' arrival可知，消防员还没到， 楼里的人们只能试图(attempt)自救。
5．A.struggling B．waiting
C．shouting D．refusing
A　解析：根据下文get out of the building可知，人们挣扎着(struggle)要逃离大楼。
6．A.corner B．room
C．windows D．stairs
D　解析：根据下文from her apartment及down the stairs可知，这个母亲带着两个孩子要下楼梯(stair)逃离大楼。
7．A.advice B．help
C．shelter D．escape
B　解析：根据上文“a stranger appeared out of nowhere and asked if she needed”及下文内容可知，陌生男子是要帮助这个母亲和两个孩子逃离， 所以询问其是否需要帮助(help)。
8．A.job B．life
C．meal D．freedom
B　解析：根据上文内容及“He was running”可知，他奔跑是为了逃命(life)。
9．A.remembered B．wondered
C．realized D．feared
C　解析：根据下文“he couldn't just leave them there to struggle for themselves”可知， 这是弗朗西斯的想法， 他意识到(realize)应该帮助她们脱险。
10．A.However B．Therefore
C．Anyhow D．Besides
B　解析：根据上文“he couldn't just leave them there to struggle for themselves”可知，他不能丢下她们独自搏命，因此(therefore)，他要帮助她们。
11．A.Policemen B．Soldiers
C．Officials D．Firefighters
D　解析：根据上文Before firefighters' arrival及生活常识可知， 大楼里面着火， 应为消防员(firefighter)上楼救人。
12．A.work B．check
C．stick D．make
A　解析：根据上文“______ helped Kristin and her other child”及下文“not long after Francis and Kween got out”可知， 在消防员的帮助下， 克里斯汀和她的另一个孩子成功逃离着火的大楼。work out意为“成功脱险”。
13．A.imagine B．sense
C．express D．bear
A　解析：根据下文“what could have happened”可知， 这不是事实情况， 而是克里斯汀的想象(imagine)。
14．A.excited B．frightened
C．annoyed D．confused
B　解析：根据上文内容及下文by the fire可知， 人们惧怕(frightened)火灾。
15．A.in place of B．in spite of
C．in case of D．in face of
D　解析：根据上文“they might just care about themselves”及下文danger可知， 人们在面对(in face of)危险的时候， 可能会只顾自己。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
维度一　单句语法填空
1．The plan, if carried(carry) out successfully, will completely change the traffic condition in the city.
2．You can never be too careful when crossing(cross) the street, for there is too much traffic on the street.
3．Nowadays, there are far more opportunities for young people than there used to__be(be).
4．You can't imagine that what great difficulty we had climbing(climb) to the top of the mountain.
5．It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. If so,__we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
6．It can be shown that a single special machine of that type can be made to__do(do) the work of all.
7．If convenient(convenience), I would like to contact you one week later to further discuss the interview arrangements.
8．The report shows we have made some progress, but that we need to make greater efforts.
维度二　语法与写作(使用省略结构)
1．汤姆想在雨天踢足球，可是他爸爸不让他去。
Tom wanted to play football in rainy day, but his father asked__him__not__to．
2．幽默有助于我们减轻压力，放松自我。
Humor helps__us__lessen__our__tension__and__relax__ourselves．
3．我白天可能有空。要是有空，我会过来看你。
I may be free in daytime.If__so,__I will come around and see you.
4．我欣赏你处理这个问题的方式。
I appreciate the__way__you__deal__with the problem.
5．尽管现在我愿意帮忙，但是没有多少空闲时间。
I don't have much time available now while__willing__to__help．
维度三　把下面短文中可以省略的词用“\”划掉，以使行文更加简洁
Last summer, some exchange boy students and exchange girl students from Russia paid a visit to Beijing. While they were visiting the Forbidden City, they were guided by a Chinese guide. When they were asked why there are 9，999.5 rooms in the Forbidden City by legend, neither the boy students nor the girl students knew why there are 9，999.5 rooms in the Forbidden City by legend. The guide told them that it was because the number of the emperors' rooms cannot be over the number of the Heaven Palace's rooms—10，000 rooms. With curiosity, the exchange Russian students spent more than 3 hours in visiting the Forbidden City. Before the end of the visit, these Russian students were told to visit the Summer Palace. How pleasant and meaningful a day it was!
答案：
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·中国人民大学附中高一期中)In a natural disaster—a hurricane, a flood, a volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained.
On September 29，1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with heavy rains and winds up to 160 km per hour. Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean. This was a very different result from 1900, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6，000 people. Vastly improved hurricane warnings explained the different circumstances at the end of the 20th century—residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions (预防).
At the same time when people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied. A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans.Emergency management officials must begin evacuation (疏散) well before it strikes. But evacuation costs money. The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city's preparations for Georges cost more than $50 million. After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs.
The different views on the early warnings of Hurricane Georges show some of the complexity (复杂性) related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information for the government officials and other decision makers who must respond to those predictions.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了灾害预测的重要性和不确定性，灾害预测是为了挽救人们的生命，但目前技术还有局限。
1．What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the passage
A．To find out the cause of disasters.
B．To save people's lives.
C．To prevent natural disasters from happening.
D.To apply advanced technology to disaster prediction.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In a natural disaster—a hurricane...where disasters will happen.”可知，灾害预测的目的是挽救人们的生命。
2．In which area did a hurricane cause the most deaths
A．Puerto Rico.　　　　　 B．New Orleans.
C．Biloxi. D．Galveston.
D　解析：细节理解题。通读第二、第三段内容并结合选项可知，加尔维斯顿的死亡人数最多。
3．Why were the city residents of New Orleans unsatisfied
A．Because their preparations were made in vain.
B．Because the hurricane warning arrived rather late.
C．Because the forecast hurricane did not hit the city.
D．Because they suffered from a heavy hurricane attack.　
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，天气预报员说飓风很可能会袭击新奥尔良，因此新奥尔良市花费很多钱预防和疏散，但飓风乔治斯并没有在新奥尔良登陆，因而居民们因自己所做的徒劳准备而不满。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The different ways of disaster prediction.
B．Technological advances in disaster prediction.
C.The benefits and preparations of disaster prediction.
D.The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction.
D　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一、二段介绍灾害预测可以拯救人们的生命，第三段介绍灾害预测有时会有不确定性，第四段介绍灾害预测非常复杂，因此文章主要介绍了灾害预测的重要性和不确定性。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·重庆高一检测)The thought of a natural disaster can be frightening, but preparing for the most likely disasters, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, fires and winter storms, is necessary. 1.________ You can develop an emergency plan for your family in case of a natural disaster, including household information, out of town contacts and school, workplace, and childcare contact information and emergency first aid. Add your evacuation routes and shelter plans as well.
More importantly, you have to monitor potential disasters. 2.________ Watch news and weather reports in your region so that you can be aware of potential disasters in the area. You can also download apps for your smart phone that will warn you of potential disasters near your location.
3．________ If your family is at risk for exposure to a natural disaster, explain to them what's happening. Review your emergency preparedness plan so that everyone knows what to do in the event of a disaster.
Thirdly, track the progress of forthcoming disasters. Check back with your news station frequently so that you'll be aware of changes in weather or conditions that could alter the course of a disaster. 4.________ In this way, you'll be well informed of what's happening.
Finally, evacuate before disaster strikes, if possible. If danger is coming in your area, evacuate before it strikes. 5.________ So be sure to follow their instructions. If you aren't able to evacuate, shelter in place until it's safe to leave the area.
A．For instance, creating a plan is a good idea.
B．Make a contact card for each member of the family.
C．Secondly, prepare family members for what may happen.
D．You may not know what kind of disaster is about to strike.
E.To achieve this, firstly, identify potential threatening situations.
F．Your local authority may order evacuations if a natural disaster is coming.
G．Sign up to receive alerts or updates from your local government or weather service.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章建议家庭应该制订一个应急计划， 以防发生自然灾害。
1．D　解析：上文说明各种各样的自然灾害都有可能发生。D项承接上文， 说明自然灾害是无常的， 人们可能不知道将会遇到什么样的灾难，符合语境。
2. E　解析：上文说明监测潜在灾难的重要性。E项承接上文，且E项中的potential threatening situations和上文中的potential disasters相呼应。
3．C　解析：下文建议要让家人对灾难都有所准备。C项概括本段大意， 说明要让家人有所准备。
4．G　解析：下文说明这种方法能清楚将来会发生什么事。G项符合语境，且下文中的this way指代选项中所提供的方法。
5．F　解析：下文“So be sure to follow their instructions.”说明要听从指挥。F项和下文存在因果关系，且下文中的代词their指代选项中Your local authority。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Formed in 2001, the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) brings help and hope to those 1.____________ lives are changed by natural disasters.
The team made its first international rescue mission in 2003.It was the first time that a Chinese team 2.____________ (work) outside China, and the team won high praise 3.____________ their bravery and skills.The list of people to whom help has been given ever since 4.____________ (be) long. The team treated more than 3，000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia, and spent several months 5.____________ (give) aid to over 25，000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
Rescue workers 6.____________ (train) to find people, treat the injured, and hand out food, water, and other supplies.There is 7.____________ (usual)no electricity or water after a disaster and diseases and accidents may appear. 8.____________ (save) lives, rescue workers have to work day and night, and sadly they must also bury 9.____________ dead, which means they have to be strong in both the body and the mind.Rescue workers must have big hearts, too.Of course, they'll have to take 10.____________ (effect) measures in action.The members of the CISAR are always ready to go wherever help is needed.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。成立于2001年的中国国际救援队给那些遭受自然灾害的人们带来了帮助和希望。
1．whose　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。
2．had worked　解析：考查动词的时态。“It was the first time that sb./sth...”意为“这是某人/某物第一次……”， that从句应用过去完成时。
3．for　解析：考查介词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用表示原因的介词。for意为“因为、由于”，符合句意。
4．is　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主句主语为The list of people，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时is。
5．giving　解析：考查固定搭配。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，为固定搭配。应用giving。
6．are trained　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，空处应用一般现在时；救援人员是接受训练者，Rescue workers与train之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；Rescue workers为复数，be动词也应用复数。空处应用are trained。
7．usually　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，应用副词。
8．To save　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
9．the　解析：考查冠词。定冠词用在形容词前，表示一类人，因此空处应用定冠词the, the dead意为“死者”。
10．effective　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词修饰复数名词measures。Period 4　Writing
INCLUDEPICTURE "主题引领情境写作LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../主题引领情境写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../主题引领情境写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../主题引领情境写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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夏天即将来临，暴雨增多，积水增加，洪水泛滥。你校为了增加学生的安全自救常识，打算准备一份防洪安全指南。请你以“Flood Safety Guidelines”为题拟定指南内容。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
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1.洪水是最危险的自然灾害之一，并且它可能突然到来，卷走一切。
Flood is one__of__the__most__dangerous__natural__disasters,__and it may come suddenly and sweep__away__everything．
2．学习一些安全指南并为洪灾做准备是非常重要的，尤其是那些居住在河边的人。
Learning__some__safety__guidelines__and__getting__prepared__for__a__flood are very important, especially for those living near a river.
3．首先要做的事情是密切关注天气预报。
The first thing to do is pay__close__attention__to__the__weather__forecast．
4．试着移动到足够高的地方以避开洪水，比如建筑物的顶层等。
Try to move to a place high enough to__keep__clear__of__floodwater,__such as the top floor of a building, etc.
5．远离电源是很关键的。
Keeping__away__from__electricity is crucial.
6．不要喝洪水。洪水不干净。
Don't drink floodwater. Floodwater is__not__clean．
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7．【读教材原句】　(教材P84)Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to a space...
【记句式】　it作形式主语
【学仿写】　用it作形式主语分别改写句2和句5
(1)It__is__very__important__to__learn__some__safety__guidelines__and__get__prepared__for__a__flood,__especially__for__those__living__near__a__river.
(2)It__is__crucial__to__keep__away__from__electricity.
8．【读教材原句】　(外研必修二U1)We all love roast beef and vegetables, but Mum says we'd better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, according to traditional Chinese medicine.
【记句式】　as引导原因状语从句
【学仿写】　用as引导原因状语从句改写句6
Don't__drink__floodwater__as__it__is__not__clean.
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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Flood Safety Guidelines
Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters, and it may come suddenly and sweep away everything. It is very important to learn some safety guidelines and get prepared for a flood, especially for those living near a river.Here are some tips on flood safety.
Things to do before a flood：
The first thing to do is pay close attention to the weather forecast.
Move to a safe place immediately if there is a warning.
Remember to prepare enough food, clean drinking water and a first aid kit.
Things to do during a flood：
Try to move to a place high enough to keep clear of floodwater，such as the top floor of a building, etc.
Hold to a tree or a wood block if you are in water.
It is crucial to keep away from electricity.
Things not to do during a flood：
Don't drink floodwater as it is not clean.
Don't take too many personal belongings with you.
Never give up hope.
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假定你是李华，你校最近开展了“创建平安校园”活动，本周谈论的主题是“发生地震时如何保护自己”。请你以“Earthquake Safety Guidelines”为题写一份安全指南。内容包括：
1．地震来临前，做好充分准备，装备好救生包，里面有手电筒、饮用水、食物和急救包；
2．地震来临时，不要惊慌。如果在室外，请远离大树、高楼等。如果在室内，要尽量躲在桌子等坚固的家具下面，并注意保护好头部、颈部。逃生时千万不要选择乘坐电梯。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
参考词汇：救生包(emergency kit)；手电筒(flashlight)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Earthquake Safety Guidelines
Earthquake is unexpected and can break out anytime. However，read these tips on earthquake safety, and you can survive.
Things to do before an earthquake：
·Have an emergency kit filled with flashlights, drinking water, food and a first aid kit in your home.
·Be sure to plan escape routes and make sense of your environment.
Things to do during an earthquake：
·When you are indoors, get under a strong table with a cushion protecting your head and neck.
·When you are outdoors, try to get into an open area which is away from trees, buildings and walls.
Things not to do during an earthquake：
·Don't be nervous and keep calm.
·Never use the lift.
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读后续写评分原则明确了对词汇应用的丰富性、准确性的要求。为了达成这一要求，可以遵循词汇具体化原则和短语优先原则。
1．词汇具体化原则
减少笼统性、概括性词汇的使用，使用一些具体化的词汇。因为具体化的表达比泛泛的词汇更能生动地描绘画面，引起读者的共鸣。
按照词性进行划分，常用的笼统词变具体词示例如下：
(1)名词
thing → business(事情)，issue(问题)，affair(事件)，matters(事态)，event(大事)，trifle(琐事)
advantage→virtue(优点；长处)，merit(优点；价值)，benefit(优势；益处)
disadvantage→ shortcoming(缺点；短处)，drawback(缺点；不利条件)，defect (缺陷)，demerit(短处)
mistake→fault(过错)，error(错误；差错)，fallacy(谬论；谬误)
fame→reputation(名誉；名声)，renown(名誉；声望)，prestige(声望；威信)
top→ climax(极点；顶点)，peak (顶峰)，zenith(鼎盛时期，顶峰)，summit(最高点；顶点)
way→means(方法)，method(方法；办法)，approach(方式；方法)，avenue(途径；手段)
(2)动词
walk→stroll(溜达)，stagger(蹒跚)，slide (快捷而悄声地移动)，tiptoe(踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚地走)，creep(缓缓行进；潜行)，wander(漫步；闲逛)，stride(阔步走)，march(行进；齐步走)
run→charge(猛冲)，dart(飞奔)，gallop(疾驰)，sprint(冲刺)
say/talk→announce (宣布)，declare (宣布)，exclaim(呼喊)，argue(争论)，chat(闲聊)，complain(抱怨)，debate(辩论)，discuss(讨论)，murmur(低语)，whisper(低语；耳语)，persuade(说服)
cry→wail(哭号，恸哭)，sob(啜泣；呜咽)，wipe(哭泣；流泪)
laugh→chuckle(轻声地笑)，giggle(咯咯地笑；傻笑)，tease (嘲笑)
eat→bite(咬)，chew(咀嚼)，devour(狼吞虎咽地吃)，swallow(吞下；咽下)
drink →drain(喝光；喝干)，sip(小口喝；抿)，suck(吮，吸)
want→crave(渴望；热望)，desire (渴望；期望)，long (渴望)
catch→capture(捕获)，grasp(抓紧；抓牢)，seize(抓住；捉住)
hit→pat(轻拍)，beat(敲打；锤砸)，strike(撞击)
break→crack (裂开；破开)，demolish(拆毁，拆除)，destroy(摧毁；毁灭)，damage(损坏)
(3)形容词和副词
beautiful→handsome(英俊的)，attractive (吸引人的)，graceful(优雅的)，fine(精美的)
glad→excited (兴奋的)，pleasant(愉快的)，joyful(欢喜的)
important→vital (至关重要的)，critical (决定性的)，significant(意义重大的)，primary(首要的)，profound(深刻的)
bad→mean (卑鄙的)，evil (邪恶的)，selfish(自私的)，disgusting(令人恶心的)
good→excellent(优秀的)，awesome(令人惊叹的)，outstanding(杰出的)
poor→impoverished(赤贫的)，needy(贫困的)，poverty stricken(一贫如洗的)
very→terribly (极度地)，extremely(极其)，highly (非常)，greatly(大大地)
nearby→adjacent(毗连的)，neighboring(邻近的，毗邻的)
all→completely(彻底地)，absolutely(绝对地)，fully(充分地)
only→merely(只不过)，solely(单独地；唯一地)
usually→periodically(周期性地)，regularly(定期地)　
2．短语优先原则
使用释义相同或相近的短语替换单词，可以达到强化表达的效果。较为常见的替换有动词→动词短语、形容词→of＋名词、副词→副词短语、介词→介词短语。
高频的单词替换成短语的情况归纳如下：
like→have a passion for, have a preference for, be keen on, be passionate about
start/begin→get down to, set out to do, set about doing
appreciate→be grateful for
raise→put forward
use→make use of, make the most of, take advantage of　
desire→ long for, feel an urge to do
decide→make up one's mind, determine to do
cry→burst into tears, burst out crying
come→draw near
meet→come across, run into
think(思考)→ ponder over, reflect on
think (认为)→hold the view
bear(忍受)→put up with
affect→have an effect/impact/influence on
remember→ bear...in mind, remind sb. of sth.
know/realize→be aware of
help sb.→give/lend sb. a hand, do sb. a favour
understand→figure out, make sense of
own→be in possession of
believe→be convinced of
tired→worn out, stressed out
stress→lay emphasis on, attach great importance to doing
solve→work out, figure out
replace→ take the place of
see→catch sight of, on seeing
suit→be suitable for, be fit for
refuse→turn down, decline to do
attract→appeal to
usually→ more often than not, on a regular basis
about→with regard to
finally→in the end, at length
important→of importance
valuable →of great value
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阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]Whenever I spread marmalade (橘子酱), I am reminded of my mother, a five foot tall angel who even befriended a skunk (臭鼬).
[2]One day, while she was busy picking beans in the backyard, she came across a skunk no more than a meter away. The skunk's embarrassment was evident as he had undoubtedly been rummaging (乱翻) through the garbage. He still had a marmalade jar stuck on his nose. Mother took pity on him. Instead of worrying the creature would spray something smelly all over her and the beans, she smiled compassionately at the little thing and extended a helping hand. Kneeling on the ground, she inched across the grass, reached out, and twisted the jar—very carefully.
[3]The jar slipped off. The skunk nodded a thank you before slipping away into the woods at the back of the garden. Obviously, there was no spraying incident, thanks to my remarkable mother. She repeated this tale numerous times, always calling the skunk Marmalade. However, that was not the end of the story. Three summers later, when I was about twelve, another encounter occurred.
[4]It was a rainy morning, and both my mother and father had gone to work. My friend Rob came over to play, and we decided to run the electric train in my room. Suddenly, a scratching sound emerged from the attic (阁楼). Rob assumed that it might be some kind of animal. Curiosity got the better of us, and we ventured towards the source of the sound.
[5]I cautiously opened the attic door in the hall. The noise ceased abruptly. I climbed up the stairs, Rob following my lead. There behind the toy box near the chimney stood the animal—black with a distinct white stripe down his back. Was he scared and trembling I believe so, at least that's what I remember. Instinctively, I retreated, fearing the potential spray or bites from the creature. “Hey, Rob，” I whispered urgently, “it's a skunk. Let's go to the kitchen and figure out a way to get him out of here.”
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
In the cupboard, several paper cups and a jar of marmalade caught our sight.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rob and I followed the skunk as he ate his way down the stairs.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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【Settings背景】
When&Where [4]It was a__rainy__morning,__and both my mother and father had gone to work. [5]I cautiously opened the__attic__door in the hall. [5]I climbed up the__stairs,__Rob following my lead.[5]Let's go to the__kitchen__ and figure out a way to get him out of here.
【Characters角色】
Who I；Rob；my mother；a skunk (Marmalade)
【Plots情节】
What [2]One day, while she was busy picking beans in the backyard, she came__across__a__skunk no more than a meter away. [3]Three summers later, when I was about twelve, another__encounter occurred.[4]Suddenly, a__scratching__sound emerged from the attic.[5]There behind the toy box near the chimney stood the__animal—black with a distinct white stripe down his back.
Why [2]Mother took__pity__on him.
【Feelings情感】
How [2]She smiled compassionately at the little thing.[4]Curiosity got the better of us.[5]Instinctively, I retreated, fearing the potential spray or bites from the creature.
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Theme(正能量原则) My mother and I came across the__same__skunk separately. Instead of hurting him, we managed to get him out of our home with marmalade. The skunk found a__warm__heart in our home.
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每段三个微情节(Q&A策略)：注重衔接和冲突解决原则
第一段段首句：In the cupboard, several paper cups and a jar of marmalade caught our sight.
[Question 1]　What came to my mind when I saw the marmalade
[Answer]　My__mother's__encounter__with__a__skunk__years__ago.
[Question 2]　What did I do
[Answer]　I__dumped__some__marmalade__into__the__paper__cups__and__tried__to__get__the__skunk__out__of__the__attic.
[Question 3]　How did the skunk react
[Answer]　He__crept__towards__the__first__paper__cup__and__began__to__lick__the__sweet__treat.
第二段段首句：Rob and I followed the skunk as he ate his way down the stairs.
[Question 1]　Did the skunk get out of the house What was his reaction
[Answer]　 Yes,__he__did.__He__seemed__to__show__his__gratitude.
[Question 2]　How did we feel
[Answer]　We__felt__amazed__to__encounter__the__skunk.
[Question 3]　What did my mother say after I shared the story with her
[Answer]　She__was__sure__that__skunk__was__Marmalade__and__he__always__knew__where__to__find__a__warm__heart__and__a__jar__of__marmalade.
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语言协同原则：应用高级词汇、句型和语法结构
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1．臭鼬的尴尬是显而易见的，因为它无疑是在垃圾桶里翻找(东西)。
The skunk's embarrassment was evident as he had undoubtedly been rummaging__through the garbage.(应用高级语块)
2．她并没有担心这个小东西会在她身上和豆子上喷什么难闻的东西，而是同情地对这个小东西笑了笑，伸出了援助之手。
Instead of worrying the creature would spray something smelly all over her and the beans, she smiled compassionately at the little thing and extended__a__helping__hand．(应用高级语块)
3．她跪在地上，慢慢地穿过草地，伸出手来，非常小心地转动了罐子。
Kneeling on the ground, she inched__across__the__grass,__reached out, and twisted the jar—very carefully.(应用高级语块)
4．好奇心战胜了我们，我们大胆地向声音的来源走去。
Curiosity got__the__better__of us, and we ventured__towards the source of the sound.(应用高级语块)
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1．我匆匆忙忙地在每个纸杯里倒了一茶匙橘子酱，希望能把臭鼬从阁楼里引诱出来。
Hurriedly, I dumped a teaspoon of marmalade into each paper cup, hoping to lure the skunk out of the attic.(应用高级语块)
2．他的鼻子抽动了一下，然后开始舔这份甜食。
His nose twitched,__and then he began to lick__the__sweet__treat．(应用高级语块)
3．他狼吞虎咽地吃完最后一点橘子酱时，转过身来看着我们，那双棕色的眼睛似乎在表达他的感激之情。
As he finished gobbling the last bit of the marmalade, he turned and looked at us, those brown eyes seemingly showing__his__gratitude．(应用高级语块)
4．我们站在那里，对这次非凡的邂逅感到惊奇和完全敬畏。(应用高级语块)
We stood there, amazed and in__complete__awe__of the remarkable encounter.
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1．我伸手去拿那个罐子，想起了几年前我母亲与臭鼬的相遇。
I reached for the jar, remembering__my__mother's__encounter with a skunk years ago.(v. ing形式作状语)
2．我们的心在期待中加速直跳，我们在后廊上放了一杯，在后门里放了一杯，每隔几英尺就放一杯，一直放到阁楼上。
Hearts__pounding__in__anticipation,__we set one cup on the back porch, one just inside the back door, and one every few feet all the way up to the attic. (独立主格结构)
3．没有任何攻击的迹象，他转过身，走出房子，消失在下着雨的早晨。
Without any sign of aggression, he turned__around,__made__his__way__out__of__the__house and disappeared__into__the__rainy__morning．(动词的联动)
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In the cupboard, several paper cups and a jar of marmalade caught our sight.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rob and I followed the skunk as he ate his way down the stairs.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
In the cupboard, several paper cups and a jar of marmalade caught our sight. I reached for the jar, remembering my mother's encounter with a skunk years ago. Could it be that this was indeed Marmalade, returning to our home in search of a familiar treat Hurriedly, I dumped a teaspoon of marmalade into each paper cup, hoping to lure the skunk out of the attic. Hearts pounding in anticipation, we set one cup on the back porch, one just inside the back door, and one every few feet all the way up to the attic. The skunk seemed interested, slowly creeping towards the first cup. His nose twitched, and then he began to lick the sweet treat.
Rob and I followed the skunk as he ate his way down the stairs. He seemed to have grown accustomed to our presence, no longer trembling, and even appeared to enjoy the treat. As he finished gobbling the last bit of the marmalade, he turned and looked at us, those brown eyes seemingly showing his gratitude. Without any sign of aggression, he turned around, made his way out of the house and disappeared into the rainy morning. We stood there, amazed and in complete awe of the remarkable encounter. Later, when I shared the story with my mother, she smiled and nodded, saying, “Yes, that's Marmalade. He always knows where to find a warm heart and a jar of marmalade.”Period 3　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
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1．Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
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答案：(1)frightened　(2)flew off　(3)drinking
(4)so bad　(5)see the good side　(6)happy
(7)came home　(8)rebuild our homes and our lives
2．What is the passage mainly about
A.The rescue of the cat Smartie during the hurricane.
B．The survival and hope through the hurricane.
C．The damage caused by the hurricane.
D．The stars of New Orleans after the storm.
答案：B
3．What was the author doing when the roof was gone
A．Staring at the sky.　　　 B．Drinking water.
C．Sitting in the room. D．Feeding the cat.
答案：C
4．Why did the author's family just have drinking water
Because__the__water__surrounding__them__may__get__them__ill.
5．What do we know about Smartie when the hurricane came
He__disappeared.
6．Why did the author refer to the stars in the sky
Because__the__stars__provided__the__author's__family__with__hope__for__the__future.
7．How do you find the author's mom
A．Thoughtful and optimistic.
B．Forgetful but positive.
C．Sad and responsible.
D．Strict but negative.
答案：A
8．What can be inferred from the passage
A．All families returned one year later.
B．The author's family never lost heart.
C．The cat Smartie died in the hurricane.
D．The stars became less after the storm.
答案：B
9．Tell the following sentences True (T) or False (F).
(1)It was months before the author's family were rescued.F
(2)Smartie returned before the author's family left.T
(3)It took one year to rebuild New Orleans well after the hurricane hit it.F
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I was sitting in the room with my cat Smartie when the roof of our house flew off.I was so 1.frightened(frighten) that I didn't know what to do.The rain was just pouring down so hard and so fast that our street turned 2.into a river in seconds, which made us unable to go anywhere.
Without a roof, we found 3.it too dangerous to stay at home.There was water everywhere, but we couldn't drink any of it.We could only drink the water 4.sent(send) to us by helicopter, but it was never enough.Besides, it was so hot in the summer and it smelled terrible everywhere.5.Living(live) in the open air, we were disturbed by 6.mosquito(e)s(mosquito).We felt sad, because we had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. But Mother told us we should try to see the good side of things whatever happens.She 7.reminded(remind) us that we were all together and safe, 8.which made us feel better.
Looking up at the stars gave us hope for the future. 9.Luckily(lucky), Smartie returned home before we 10.were__taken(take) to another faraway town. Now I'm back home. We are now rebuilding our homes and lives.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．tsunami n.　　　　　　 A．十亿
2．typhoon n. B．蚊子
3．blizzard n. C．海啸
4．avalanche n. D．(美国等国家的)县；
(英国的)郡
5．satellite n. E．直升机
6．billion num. F．暴风雪
7．lap n. G．人造卫星
8．helicopter n. H．台风
9．mosquito n. I．雪崩
10．county n. J．(坐着时的)大腿部
答案：1～5.CHFIG　6～10.AJEBD
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．forecast a recovery in the economy
　　　　　　　　 　 预测经济复苏
2．grab the opportunity 抓住机会
3．a rescue operation 一次营救行动
4．the emergency exit 紧急出口
5．The car crash claimed three lives.
那次撞车事故夺去三人的生命。
6．a financial crisis 一次金融危机
7．have nowhere to go 无处可去
8．I'd better write it down, otherwise I'll forget it.
我最好把它写下来，
否则我会忘记的。
9．at midnight 午夜时分
10．personal property 个人财产
11．an air raid shelter 防空掩蔽所
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的→(反义词)unreliable adj.不能信赖的，不可靠的
2．exceptionally adv.极其，非常→except prep. 除……之外 conj.除了；只是→exception n．例外→exceptional adj.异常的；杰出的
3．threaten v．威胁到，危及→threat n．威胁；构成威胁的人或事物→threatening adj.恐吓的；威胁的；阴沉沉的
4．precisely adv.精确地，准确地→precise adj.精确的，准确的
5．sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→sufficiently adv.充分地；最大限度地
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．The butterfly landing on the flower flew__off(突然迅速离开) before I could catch it.
2．All__of__a__sudden(突然), there was a terrific bang and a flash of smoke from the kitchen.
3．It was silly of us to keep__on(继续) waiting for him for such a long time in such a hot day.
4．Details of both plans have__yet__to(还没有) be announced until now, but we expect to release them in the coming weeks.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．“be doing...when...”意为“正在做……，这时(突然)……”
I was__sitting__in__my__room(正在自己的房间里坐着) with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when(这时) the roof just flew off.(Para.1)
2．the moment引导时间状语从句
He had disappeared the__moment__the__storm__hit(暴风雨来袭的时候).(Para.3)
3．whatever引导让步状语从句
But Mom said that whatever__happens(无论发生什么), we should always try to see the good side of things.(Para.4)
[分析]　此句中还含有that引导的宾语从句。
4．独立主格结构
Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their__beauty__inspiring__us__and__giving__us__confidence__to__move__on(它们的美好激励着我们，给了我们继续前进的信心).(Para.6)
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【高频词汇诠释】
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reliable　adj.可信赖的，可靠的
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①(教材P86)So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
所以，为了准确可靠的预测，最好查阅官方的科学报告。
②(译林选必四U1) I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive, for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world.
我知道吉米会来这里见我的，如果他还活着的话，因为他一直是这个世界上最忠实、最可靠的同伴。
rely v.　　　　　　　　 依靠；依赖；信赖
rely on/upon 依靠；信赖
rely on/upon sb.to do sth.＝rely on/upon sb.'s doing sth. 依靠/相信/指望某人做某事
rely on/upon it that... 相信……；指望……
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable(rely) weekly supply of fresh greens.
(2)If he promises to do something, he will do it, so you can rely on his helping(help) you when you run into difficulties.
(3)He is a dependable person, so you can rely upon him to__finish(finish) the work on time.
(4)你可以相信我的介绍和努力会加深参观者对中国传统文化的了解。(弘扬传统文化)
You can rely__on/upon__it__that my introduction and efforts can deepen visitors' understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
背诵点 应用文写作之申请信
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rescue　n.[U]营救，解救，救援；[C]营救行动　v．营救，解救
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①(教材P87)Amongst all the international heavy rescue teams, the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was the first international heavy rescue team to arrive.
在所有国际重型救援队中，中国国际救援队是第一个抵达的国际重型救援队。
②(人教选必三U4)If Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue
如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有获救的希望吗？
(1) come to/go to sb.'s rescue　 来/去营救某人
rescue team/workers 救援队/救援人员
(2)rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来
(3)rescuer n. 救助者
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单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)Soon after the accident，one thousand soldiers were sent to rescue the miners from the local coal mine.
(2)Firefighters in China are absolutely reliable.Whenever we are in danger, we can always rely on it that they will come__to__our__rescue(来营救我们).
(3)当我们最终被救援人员救出时，我们感到如此欣慰和快乐，以至于我们中有许多人无法掩饰自己的眼泪。
When__we__were__finally__rescued__by__rescue__workers,__we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.
背诵点 读后续写之心理描写
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claim　v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称；宣称；索赔；认领　n．主张，声称；要求；索赔
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①(教材P88)Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, they destroyed buildings and forests, and claimed over 256 lives.
短时间内异常严重的降雪摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了超过256人的生命。
②(人教选必一U2)Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.
尽管如此，该公司仍然宣称，不久的将来，大多数人将乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。
③(经典例句)It is claimed that humor not only affects patients' moods, but also helps them recover faster.
据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪，而且还有助于病人更快速地康复。
(1)claim to do sth.　　　　　　 声称做某事
claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事
claim that... 声称……
(2)It is claimed that... 有人声称……；
据说/据称……
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单句语法填空/写出下列句中加黑词的含义/句型转换
(1)Don't be taken in by advertisements claiming to__help(help) you lose weight in a week.
(2)I was just about to claim my luggage at the office when a woman stopped me, claiming that she must have met me somewhere before.认领；声称
(3)(北师大选必三U9) The 1997 bird flu which claimed over 100 lives was an adaptation of the Great Flu of 1918.夺去(生命)
(4)He claimed that he had found the same mysterious cave of the science fiction，which was really absurd and ridiculous.
→He claimed__to__have__found the same mysterious cave of the science fiction，which was really absurd and ridiculous.
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threaten　v.威胁到，危及；恐吓；对……构成威胁
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①(教材P88)It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
它导致了一场严重的粮食危机，威胁到超过950万人的生计。
②(译林选必二U4)Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans
思考机器人会与人类并肩工作还是会威胁人类的生存？
(1) threaten to do sth.　　　 威胁要做某事
threaten sb. with sth. 用某事(物)威胁某人
(2) threat n. 威胁；构成威胁的人或
事物；恐吓；征兆
under threat 遭到威胁
a threat to... 对……的威胁
(3)threatening adj. 恐吓的；威胁的；阴沉沉的
threatened adj. 受到威胁的；感到危险的
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单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)(译林选必三U1)There was not a plant to be seen. The desert appeared completely empty, which was calming and threatening(threaten) at the same time.
(2)The man threatened to__call(call) the police if he didn't receive the money he was owed.　
(3)With the rapid development of economy, many species' habitats are under__threat(遭到威胁).　
(4)只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。(聚焦社会热点)
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a__threat__to__wildlife__and__to__our__planet．
背诵点 应用文写作之生态保护
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shelter　n.庇护，掩蔽；住处；庇护处，避难处　v．保护；掩蔽；躲避
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①(教材P94)If you cannot get home in time, find other shelter as soon as you can.
如果你不能及时回家，要尽快找到其他的避难处。
②(人教必修二U2)The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Xizang.
该保护区是西藏西北部动植物的庇护所。
(1)take shelter from...　　　 躲避……
under the shelter of... 在……的庇护下
(2)shelter...from... 保护……免受……
shelter from 躲避(风雨或危险)
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单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(2024·浙江卷1月)When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain.
(2)Under the shelter of the bay, there was no risk to a boat in the hands of an experienced captain who knew how to navigate the waters safely.
(3)我们在山中徒步时遭遇了雷雨。更糟糕的是，我们找不到任何可以躲雨的地方。
We were caught in a thunderstorm when we were hiking in the mountains. What's worse, we couldn't find__anywhere__to__shelter．
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独立主格结构
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①(教材P92)Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.
现在，我们又有机会仰望新奥尔良的星空了，它们的美好激励着我们，给了我们继续前进的信心。
②(译林必修二U3)The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room. There were hundreds of guests, all dressed up in formal, colourful clothes.
婚礼在一间装饰华美的酒店包房内举行。到场宾客数以百计，都身着正式的、色彩艳丽的衣服。
独立主格结构在句中主要起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句；可以作时间、原因、条件或伴随状语等。独立主格结构的形式有以下几种：
(1)名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行的动作)；
(2)名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已完成的动作)；
(3)名词/代词＋动词不定式(表示将要发生的动作)；
(4)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)。
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单句语法填空/句式升级
(1)After the result of the exam was announced, Tom looked at his father nervously, his legs trembling(tremble) and his heart beating(beat) wildly.
背诵点 读后续写之心理描写
(2)Many trees, flowers, and grass to__be__planted(plant), our newly built school will look even more beautiful.
(3)He was listening attentively in class. His eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
→He was listening attentively in class, his__eyes__fixed__on__the__blackboard．(独立主格结构)　
→He was listening attentively in class, with__his__eyes__fixed__on__the__blackboard．(with复合结构)
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Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．look__out__for　　　　　　 关照；注意；留心
2．in__seconds 很快地；片刻；瞬间
3．quite__a__while 相当长一段时间，很久
4．up__and__down 起伏；上下波动；来来
往往
5．turn__into (使)变成；(使)成为
6．in__the__open__air 在户外；在露天的地方
7．move__on 继续前进；转换(话题)
8．drinking__water 饮用水
9．have__a__chance__to__do__sth. 有机会做某事
10．stay__positive 保持乐观
Ⅱ.品句填词
1．He left at midnight(午夜) so that he could make it to the customer's house by 8：00 a．m. the next morning.
2．As we all know, our private property(财产), like houses, cars, and so on, is protected by law.
3．We sheltered(躲避) in a public restroom by the roadside until the shower passed and arrived home safe and sound.
4．The idea of a holiday abroad is sure appealing, but I don't have sufficient(足够的) money.
5．Taking advantage of the new technologies，the police can find out precisely(准确地) how the accident happened.
6．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami, claiming(夺去) more than 6，500 lives in at least four countries.
Ⅲ.词块运用
1．Alex stepped up__and__down(来来回回) the room within the hours of waiting for the result, looking worried.
2．What made us frightened was that the car crashed into the tree when one of the wheels flew__off(突然迅速离开).
3．(2024·全国甲卷)Cats use their noses to assess their environment and look__out__for(注意) any signs of danger.
4．You've been working on the project for the past two years and have__yet__to(还没有) take a vacation.
5．When the terrible earthquake struck and all lights went out all__of__a__sudden(突然), it seemed as if the world were at an end.

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