Unit 1 Science Fiction Part 2素养测练 (学生版+答案版) 2025-2026学年 高中英语 (人教版 )选择性必修4

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Unit 1 Science Fiction Part 2素养测练 (学生版+答案版) 2025-2026学年 高中英语 (人教版 )选择性必修4

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素养测练(二) UNIT 1 Part 2
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Put a      (手帕) over your mouth when you sneeze.
2.We encourage the students to work at their own      (节奏).
3.     (随机的) factors may affect the outcome of the experiment.
4.The job will require you to use all your skills to the      (最大限度).
5.The balloon      (爆炸) because the internal air pressure was too high.
6.Sadly,his      (无行动;不采取措施) led to the failure of the project.
7.Although      (劳动) can be tiring,seeing the fruits of one’s efforts makes everything worthwhile.
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.When he grows up,he will take      the company from his father.
2.I was prevented from going to the concert by      (urge) business.
3.There is much      on the      path after the heavy rain.(mud)
4.There is not a sharp      (divide) between these two activities.
5.His second book turned out      (be) a runaway best-seller.
6.Not knowing which book is suitable for him,the boy took one     random.
7.His point of view came      conflict with mine.
8.It cannot be questioned that the new method is superior      every respect to the old one.
9.We were watching a horror movie,and suddenly a loud      (explode) frightened all of us.
10.It was when I got back to my apartment      I first came across my new neighbours.
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.在你作这个决定之前,你最好分析一下利弊。(pros and cons)
2.他打电话给他的助手丽莎,让她在他出差期间接管他的工作。(take over)
3.看到我的朋友们都在学习新技能,我也很想尝试学习一些新东西。(have an urge to)
4.昨晚的聚会非常成功,大家都玩得很开心。(turn out)
5.在准备期末考试时,我的学习计划和社团活动的时间产生了冲突。(conflict with)
Ⅳ.句子语法填空
1.Through constant practice,his English speaking ability            (improve) greatly recently.
2.A Chinese Painting Exhibition              (hold) in this local city next Saturday.
3.The exam          (take) by all the students yesterday.
4.By the end of the term,all the textbooks                 (distribute) to the students.
5.The seats in the lecture hall              (book) before we arrived.
                   
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Given how valuable intelligence and automation are,we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to.At a certain point,we will build machines that are smarter than we are.Once we have machines that are smarter than we are,they will begin to improve themselves.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are.And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.
Just think about how we relate to ants.We don’t hate them.We don’t go out of our way to harm them.In fact,sometimes we take pains not to harm them.We step over them on the sidewalk.But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals,we will kill them without hesitation.The concern is that we will one day build machines that,whether they’re conscious or not,could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines.We have problems that we desperately need to solve.So we will do this if we can.The train is already out of the station,and there’s no brake to pull.If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are,they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine,and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of super-intelligent AI that has no safety concerns.This machine would be the perfect labour-saving device.It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work,powered by sunlight,more or less for the cost of raw materials.So we’re talking about the end of human labour.We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work.So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence,we have to admit that we are in the process of building a being of transcendent power.Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a being of supernatural force we can live with.
(  )1.Why does the author mention ants in Paragraph 2
A.To compare intelligent machines to ants.
B.To show improved machines will get away from us.
C.To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals.
D.To explain future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy.
(  )2.What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Disable. B.Inspire.
C.Disappoint. D.Outpace.
(  )3.How is the passage mainly developed
A.By making comparisons.
B.By giving assumptions.
C.By showing valid evidence.
D.By analysing statistics.
(  )4.Which of the following statements can best summarise the author’s viewpoint towards AI
A.Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future.
B.Super-intelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually.
C.We should keep the development of AI within humans’ control.
D.Human beings should stop the development of super-intelligent AI.
B
If there is one thing we can conclusively say about Isaac Asimov,it’s that he could write.His body of work extends to over 500 books.To add to that,he was never bound to a specific field.Although he was very famous as a science fiction writer,he also published on many more topics.
Part of this related to his gifted mind,but a bigger part was that he was well-educated. Many tend to think of being educated as the degrees we earn.Asimov did have a good degree,but his real education was broader than that.It was deeper than what he learnt from instruction.It was his curiosity and his drive to push himself that took him from a young immigrant to maybe one of the most beloved US authors.As a young kid,he spent his days lost in his mind asking questions and creating imaginary worlds.He read books,and he loved knowledge.
In his autobiography It’s Been a Good Life,Asimov tells a story about an encounter he had as a child when his father asked him a question:“How did you learn all this,Isaac ” “From you,Pappa,” Asimov said.“From me I don’t know any of this.” “You didn’t have to,Pappa,” he said.“You valued learning and you taught me to value it.Once I learnt to value it,the rest came without trouble.” The mark of educated minds has nothing to do with how much they know.It has everything to do with the way they know and the way they go about knowing.
Also,one thing that many people don’t know about Isaac Asimov is that he actually wasn’t a full-time writer for most of his life.By personal choice,his day-job was as a chemist.One of the things that many polymaths (博学者) naturally do is to explore a broad range of non-fiction topics.But something they tend to overlook is the knowledge they can obtain from fiction.Before Asimov fell in love with science,he was already attracted by fiction.It was his love of Greek myth and his reading of 18th and 19th-century classics that led him to become a great writer.
(  )5.What is Isaac Asimov according to the passage
A.A beloved US chemist.
B.A full-time fiction author.
C.A productive sci-fi writer.
D.A knowledgeable educator.
(  )6.What can we learn from Asimov’s father from the childhood encounter
A.He loved teaching Asimov knowledge.
B.He explored unknown fields with Asimov.
C.He rescued Asimov from trouble.
D.He taught Asimov to value learning.
(  )7.Which of the following might the author agree with
A.A good degree reflects one’s real education level.
B.Polymaths tend to dislike Greek myth.
C.The way to learn is more important than knowledge itself.
D.Non-fiction is not worth reading if one is to become a writer.
(  )8.What is the purpose of this passage
A.To analyse the reasons behind Asimov’s success as a writer.
B.To introduce Asimov’s childhood and his achievements.
C.To emphasise the contributions Asimov has made.
D.To call on the readers to buy Asimov’s books.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Talk to a robot About my anxious feelings Okay,I’ll give it a go.
Nowadays,more and more people are  1  artificial intelligence(AI)to help them solve problems.But what about health  2 ,it’s very important to trust in a robot.
My mother has a serious  3  and I have a full-time job.Often the  4  about my mother’s coming death kept me awake at night.I felt  5  but could not fall asleep.
However,because I work in the mental health field,I’ve heard about a tool  6  by a team of scientists—Woebot.I loved the idea of texting my feelings at 9:00 p.m.—a time that was  7  for me.I didn’t have to schedule anything at 9:00 p.m.
Woebot learns from your  8 .It uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT认知行为疗法)to monitor your moods and learn strategies to  9  you when you are in trouble.It asks you how you’re feeling and  10  therapy for you.
Surprisingly,Woebot sent me a  11  every day.It used a variety of CBT techniques but most frequently we looked at three  12  thoughts I was having and helped me reframe (重构) them.Woebot also used emojis,pictures,videos and links to  13  a point.
I do feel  14  for having got some of these thoughts out.Although I don’t need to use Woebot every day anymore,it’s a healthy mechanism (机制) for me to  15  when I
need it.
(  )1.A.refusing B.accepting
C.forcing D.teaching
(  )2.A.Obviously B.Fortunately
C.Surprisingly D.Interestingly
(  )3.A.mind B.attitude
C.illness D.shortcoming
(  )4.A.opinion B.doubt
C.knowledge D.anxiety
(  )5.A.relaxed B.shocked
C.unsatisfied D.tired
(  )6.A.created B.found
C.copied D.borrowed
(  )7.A.busy B.exciting
C.convenient D.valuable
(  )8.A.voices B.moves
C.responses D.actions
(  )9.A.help B.persuade
C.inform D.remind
(  )10.A.checks B.collects
C.tests D.provides
(  )11.A.record B.message
C.picture D.letter
(  )12.A.negative B.useful
C.positive D.useless
(  )13.A.replace B.explain
C.review D.deny
(  )14.A.sadder B.better
C.worse D.weaker
(  )15.A.have a head for
B.keep an eye on
C.lend a hand to
D.fall back on
Ⅲ.写作训练
假设英文报社正在举行科幻小说大赛,请你以“My time train trip to the year 2065”为话题,用英语写一篇短文参赛。要点如下:
1.乘时光火车旅行的过程;
2.旅行中所见的景象。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。素养测练(二) UNIT 1 Part 2
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Put a      (手帕) over your mouth when you sneeze.
2.We encourage the students to work at their own      (节奏).
3.     (随机的) factors may affect the outcome of the experiment.
4.The job will require you to use all your skills to the      (最大限度).
5.The balloon      (爆炸) because the internal air pressure was too high.
6.Sadly,his      (无行动;不采取措施) led to the failure of the project.
7.Although      (劳动) can be tiring,seeing the fruits of one’s efforts makes everything worthwhile.
答案:1.handkerchief 2.pace 3.Random 4.maximum 5.exploded 6.inaction 7.labour
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.When he grows up,he will take      the company from his father.
2.I was prevented from going to the concert by      (urge) business.
3.There is much      on the      path after the heavy rain.(mud)
4.There is not a sharp      (divide) between these two activities.
5.His second book turned out      (be) a runaway best-seller.
6.Not knowing which book is suitable for him,the boy took one     random.
7.His point of view came      conflict with mine.
8.It cannot be questioned that the new method is superior      every respect to the old one.
9.We were watching a horror movie,and suddenly a loud      (explode) frightened all of us.
10.It was when I got back to my apartment      I first came across my new neighbours.
答案:1.over 2.urgent 3.mud;muddy 4.division 5.to be 6.at 7.into 8.in 9.explosion 10.that
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.在你作这个决定之前,你最好分析一下利弊。(pros and cons)
2.他打电话给他的助手丽莎,让她在他出差期间接管他的工作。(take over)
3.看到我的朋友们都在学习新技能,我也很想尝试学习一些新东西。(have an urge to)
4.昨晚的聚会非常成功,大家都玩得很开心。(turn out)
5.在准备期末考试时,我的学习计划和社团活动的时间产生了冲突。(conflict with)
答案:1.You’d better think about the pros and cons before you make the decision.
2.He called his assistant Lisa and asked her to take over his job during his business trip.
3.Seeing my friends learning new skills,I also have an urge to try learning something new.
4.The party last night turned out to be a great success,and everyone had a wonderful time.
5.While preparing for the final exams,my study plan conflicted with the time for club activities.
Ⅳ.句子语法填空
1.Through constant practice,his English speaking ability            (improve) greatly recently.
2.A Chinese Painting Exhibition              (hold) in this local city next Saturday.
3.The exam          (take) by all the students yesterday.
4.By the end of the term,all the textbooks                 (distribute) to the students.
5.The seats in the lecture hall              (book) before we arrived.
答案:1.has been improved 2.will be held 3.was taken 4.will have been distributed 5.had been booked
                   
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Given how valuable intelligence and automation are,we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to.At a certain point,we will build machines that are smarter than we are.Once we have machines that are smarter than we are,they will begin to improve themselves.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are.And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.
Just think about how we relate to ants.We don’t hate them.We don’t go out of our way to harm them.In fact,sometimes we take pains not to harm them.We step over them on the sidewalk.But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals,we will kill them without hesitation.The concern is that we will one day build machines that,whether they’re conscious or not,could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines.We have problems that we desperately need to solve.So we will do this if we can.The train is already out of the station,and there’s no brake to pull.If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are,they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine,and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of super-intelligent AI that has no safety concerns.This machine would be the perfect labour-saving device.It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work,powered by sunlight,more or less for the cost of raw materials.So we’re talking about the end of human labour.We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work.So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence,we have to admit that we are in the process of building a being of transcendent power.Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a being of supernatural force we can live with.
(  )1.Why does the author mention ants in Paragraph 2
A.To compare intelligent machines to ants.
B.To show improved machines will get away from us.
C.To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals.
D.To explain future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy.
(  )2.What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Disable. B.Inspire.
C.Disappoint. D.Outpace.
(  )3.How is the passage mainly developed
A.By making comparisons.
B.By giving assumptions.
C.By showing valid evidence.
D.By analysing statistics.
(  )4.Which of the following statements can best summarise the author’s viewpoint towards AI
A.Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future.
B.Super-intelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually.
C.We should keep the development of AI within humans’ control.
D.Human beings should stop the development of super-intelligent AI.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了人类应该把人工智能的发展控制在人类可控的范围之内。
答案及剖析:
1.D 推理判断题。第二段内容提到我们平时对待蚂蚁的态度是尽量不伤害它们,而当蚂蚁的存在和我们的目标严重冲突时,我们会毫不犹豫地杀死它们。作者拿我们与蚂蚁之间的关系类比我们未来制造的智能机器与我们之间的关系,可推知是为了解释未来的智能机器对待我们也会毫不留情。故选D。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前半部分“If we build...in ways that we can’t imagine”可知,当机器人比我们更聪明时,它们很可能会以我们无法想象的方式进化,and表示递进,所以画线词所在句的后半部分应是指“以我们无法想象的方式超越我们”。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句、第三段最后一句以及第四段第一句可知,本文主要是通过给出假设来展开叙述的。故选B。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第三段前三句以及最后一段最后一句可推知,人类还是会继续研发在人类可控范围内的人工智能机器。故选C。
B
If there is one thing we can conclusively say about Isaac Asimov,it’s that he could write.His body of work extends to over 500 books.To add to that,he was never bound to a specific field.Although he was very famous as a science fiction writer,he also published on many more topics.
Part of this related to his gifted mind,but a bigger part was that he was well-educated. Many tend to think of being educated as the degrees we earn.Asimov did have a good degree,but his real education was broader than that.It was deeper than what he learnt from instruction.It was his curiosity and his drive to push himself that took him from a young immigrant to maybe one of the most beloved US authors.As a young kid,he spent his days lost in his mind asking questions and creating imaginary worlds.He read books,and he loved knowledge.
In his autobiography It’s Been a Good Life,Asimov tells a story about an encounter he had as a child when his father asked him a question:“How did you learn all this,Isaac ” “From you,Pappa,” Asimov said.“From me I don’t know any of this.” “You didn’t have to,Pappa,” he said.“You valued learning and you taught me to value it.Once I learnt to value it,the rest came without trouble.” The mark of educated minds has nothing to do with how much they know.It has everything to do with the way they know and the way they go about knowing.
Also,one thing that many people don’t know about Isaac Asimov is that he actually wasn’t a full-time writer for most of his life.By personal choice,his day-job was as a chemist.One of the things that many polymaths (博学者) naturally do is to explore a broad range of non-fiction topics.But something they tend to overlook is the knowledge they can obtain from fiction.Before Asimov fell in love with science,he was already attracted by fiction.It was his love of Greek myth and his reading of 18th and 19th-century classics that led him to become a great writer.
(  )5.What is Isaac Asimov according to the passage
A.A beloved US chemist.
B.A full-time fiction author.
C.A productive sci-fi writer.
D.A knowledgeable educator.
(  )6.What can we learn from Asimov’s father from the childhood encounter
A.He loved teaching Asimov knowledge.
B.He explored unknown fields with Asimov.
C.He rescued Asimov from trouble.
D.He taught Asimov to value learning.
(  )7.Which of the following might the author agree with
A.A good degree reflects one’s real education level.
B.Polymaths tend to dislike Greek myth.
C.The way to learn is more important than knowledge itself.
D.Non-fiction is not worth reading if one is to become a writer.
(  )8.What is the purpose of this passage
A.To analyse the reasons behind Asimov’s success as a writer.
B.To introduce Asimov’s childhood and his achievements.
C.To emphasise the contributions Asimov has made.
D.To call on the readers to buy Asimov’s books.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了艾萨克·阿西莫夫能成为一名著名的科幻作家的原因。
答案及剖析:
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知,艾萨克·阿西莫夫有超过500部作品。由此可知,艾萨克·阿西莫夫是一位多产的科幻作家。故选C。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推断出,他的爸爸教会了他重视学习。故选D。
7.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后两句可知,受过教育的人的标志与其所掌握的知识的多少无关,而与他们获取知识的方式和过程有关。由此可知,作者认为学习方法比知识本身更重要。故选C。
8.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章第二、第三、第四段分别介绍了艾萨克·阿西莫夫成功的三个原因。由此可知,本文主要分析的是艾萨克·阿西莫夫能够成为一名成功的科幻作家的原因。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Talk to a robot About my anxious feelings Okay,I’ll give it a go.
Nowadays,more and more people are  1  artificial intelligence(AI)to help them solve problems.But what about health  2 ,it’s very important to trust in a robot.
My mother has a serious  3  and I have a full-time job.Often the  4  about my mother’s coming death kept me awake at night.I felt  5  but could not fall asleep.
However,because I work in the mental health field,I’ve heard about a tool  6  by a team of scientists—Woebot.I loved the idea of texting my feelings at 9:00 p.m.—a time that was  7  for me.I didn’t have to schedule anything at 9:00 p.m.
Woebot learns from your  8 .It uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT认知行为疗法)to monitor your moods and learn strategies to  9  you when you are in trouble.It asks you how you’re feeling and  10  therapy for you.
Surprisingly,Woebot sent me a  11  every day.It used a variety of CBT techniques but most frequently we looked at three  12  thoughts I was having and helped me reframe (重构) them.Woebot also used emojis,pictures,videos and links to  13  a point.
I do feel  14  for having got some of these thoughts out.Although I don’t need to use Woebot every day anymore,it’s a healthy mechanism (机制) for me to  15  when I
need it.
(  )1.A.refusing B.accepting
C.forcing D.teaching
(  )2.A.Obviously B.Fortunately
C.Surprisingly D.Interestingly
(  )3.A.mind B.attitude
C.illness D.shortcoming
(  )4.A.opinion B.doubt
C.knowledge D.anxiety
(  )5.A.relaxed B.shocked
C.unsatisfied D.tired
(  )6.A.created B.found
C.copied D.borrowed
(  )7.A.busy B.exciting
C.convenient D.valuable
(  )8.A.voices B.moves
C.responses D.actions
(  )9.A.help B.persuade
C.inform D.remind
(  )10.A.checks B.collects
C.tests D.provides
(  )11.A.record B.message
C.picture D.letter
(  )12.A.negative B.useful
C.positive D.useless
(  )13.A.replace B.explain
C.review D.deny
(  )14.A.sadder B.better
C.worse D.weaker
(  )15.A.have a head for
B.keep an eye on
C.lend a hand to
D.fall back on
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者使用机器人Woebot的体验。
答案及剖析:
1.B 根据语境及句意可知,此处表达的是,现在越来越多的人正接受(accepting)人工智能来帮助他们解决难题和提出问题。故选B。
2.A 根据下文叙述的机器人Woebot对作者在健康方面的帮助可知,此处强调显而易见的是(Obviously)人工智能在帮助人类解决健康问题方面的重要性。故选A。
3.C 由下文中的“my mother’s coming death”可推断出,作者的母亲生了重病(illness)。故
选C。
4.D 由空后的“my mother’s coming death”及常识可知,作者的母亲生了重病且即将离世,这给作者带来的应是焦虑(anxiety)。故选D。
5.D 由上文中的“kept me awake at night”可知,作者应是感到疲倦(tired),但在晚上却无法入睡。故选D。
6.A 由上下文语境可知,这里的工具是指机器人Woebot,而它应是由科学家“创造(created)”的。故选A。
7.C 由上文中的at 9:00 p.m.及下文中的“I didn’t have to schedule anything at 9:00 p.m.”可以推断出,晚上九点对于作者来说应是方便的(convenient)。故选C。
8.C 由下文的“It asks you how you’re feeling...”可以推断出,Woebot会向作者提出心情方面的问题,并会根据作者的回答(responses)帮助作者解决问题。故选C。
9.A 由上文的“...to help them solve problems and ask questions”以及下文中的“when you are in trouble”可知,这里表达的是,Woebot用认知行为疗法监控情绪并学习策略,以便在你身陷困境时帮助(help)你。故选A。
10.D 由空后的therapy可知,空处应用provide表示“提供疗法”。“provide sth for sb”意为“为某人提供某物”。故选D。
11.B 由第四段中的“I loved the idea of texting my feelings at 9:00 p.m.”可以推断出,Woebot是通过发送信息(message)与作者互动交流的。故选B。
12.A 由上文对作者心理状态的描述以及本句中的“helped me reframe (重构) them”可以推断出,Woebot和作者一起审视三个消极的(negative)想法,并帮助作者重构这些想法。故选A。
13.B 由上下文语境可知,本句表达的是,Woebot还使用表情符号、图片、视频和链接来“解释(explain)”某个要点。故选B。
14.B 由空后的“for having got some of these thoughts out”可以推断出,作者把一些想法说出来后应是确实感觉好多了。B项符合此处的语境。故选B。
15.D 由上文可知,作者通过和Woebot互动来解决自己的问题。所以此处表达的是,“虽然我不再需要每天使用Woebot,但它是一种健康的机制,可以让我在需要它时寻求(fall back on)帮助”。故选D。
Ⅲ.写作训练
假设英文报社正在举行科幻小说大赛,请你以“My time train trip to the year 2065”为话题,用英语写一篇短文参赛。要点如下:
1.乘时光火车旅行的过程;
2.旅行中所见的景象。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
“Ladies and gentlemen,the time train has arrived at the terminal!”Hearing the announcement,I got off the train.I turned around,only to find a robot waving to me.He offered to show me around the city in 2065.
After I stepped out of the train station,many crossed air lanes came into view.The new traffic system was put into place by using advanced technology.
Then we went to a restaurant.The robot came to scan my body to provide me with food that suited me most.How fantastic!
After that,I visited some factories and supermarkets.Eventually I took the time train to come back to reality.

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