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(共29张PPT)
Unit 8
Making a Difference
第4课时 (Section A 4a-4d)
R·八年级下册
Enjoy a song
Review and fill
Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer with
this _________ organization
Volunteer 1: Oh, I’ve been a volunteer since ________.
Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer
_____________
Volunteer 2: Well, I’ve only been a guide here for
_________.
football
last year
at the museum
two weeks
Interviewer: Have you been a volunteer with the
______________ organization for long
Volunteer 3: Yes, for about ___________.
Ella: Hi, Teng Fei. What are your plans for the
summer holidays
Teng Fei: I think I’ll do some volunteer work at a
_____________ with my youth group. I’ve
been a volunteer there since ________.
beach clean-up
seven years
nursing home
last year
Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer with this football organization
Volunteer 1: Oh, I’ve been a volunteer since last year.
Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer at the museum
Volunteer 2: Well, I’ve only been a guide here for two weeks.
Interviewer: Have you been a volunteer with the beach clean-up organization for long
Volunteer 3: Yes, for about seven years.
Ella: Hi, Teng Fei. What are your plans for the summer holidays
Teng Fei: I think I’ll do some volunteer work at a nursing home
with my youth group. I’ve been a volunteer there since last year.
现在完成时表示一个动作或状态从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
常和“since” 或 “for” 连用。
4a
Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently
Have you been to our animal shelter before
No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work
Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer
I have been a volunteer here for a few months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum
He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.
for + 时间段
since + 时间点
But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
since后面接时间点，强调动作或状态的开始时间。
for后面接时间段，强调动作或状态的持续时间。
如何区分时间段和时间点呢？
试着说说哪些是时间点，哪些是时间段吧！
5:30
five years
three minutes
2015
May 5
two months
时间点
时间点
时间段
时间点
时间段
时间段
时间点指的是具体的时间，比如1点、4月7日、2026年12月；
时间段指的是一段时间内，比如说三点到四点，中间这一个小时就是一段时间。
Have you been to our animal shelter before
No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work
Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer
I have been a volunteer here for a few months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum
He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.
观察句中动词，你能发现什么？
这些动词都是延续性动词。
延续性动词与非延续性动词
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延
续下去或产生持久影响，如learn, work, live,
know, walk等。
非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示
不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止，如
open, close, die, begin, come, go, borrow等。
延续性动词可以在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状
语连用，如“for+一段时间”“since+过去的时间点”
“since 引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）”或
“since +一段时间+ago”等。
用 法
◆ My sister has kept these postcards since she was five.
我妹妹从五岁起就留着这些明信片了。
非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
The old man has moved to India for two years.
The old man has moved to India.
在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
◆ I haven’t heard from my friend for three days.
我已经三天没有收到朋友的消息了。
非延续性动词（短语）与延续性动词（短语）的转换
①直接转换成对应的延续性动词（短语）。
buy → have borrow → keep put on → wear
become → be catch a cold → have a cold
◆ 一个星期前他成了动物收容所的一名志愿者。
He became a volunteer at an animal shelter a week ago.
He has been a volunteer at an animal shelter for a week.
②转换成“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词等”。
come/arrive/go → be in/at begin/start → be on
finish/end/stop → be over open → be open
die → be dead leave → be away
close → be closed fall asleep → be asleep
fall ill → be ill come back → be back
join → be a member of/be in
◆林先生到澳大利亚已经十天了。
Mr Lin arrived in Australia ten days ago.
Mr Lin has been in Australia for ten days.
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给内容的适当形式填空。
1. The film ___________ (be) popular with the public
since it ___________ (come) out.
2. Tony ___________ (have) the bike for two years. His
father ___________ (buy) it for his ninth birthday.
3. Linda ___________ (borrow) the book from the
library and she ___________ (keep) it for three days.
has been
came
has had
bought
borrowed
has kept
4. We ___________ (know) each other since we were in
middle school, and we’re still best friends.
5. Lucy ___________ (not see) her aunt for months. She
___________ (miss) her so much and wants to visit her
this weekend.
have known
hasn’t seen
misses
Ⅱ. 按要求完成句子，每空一词。
6. The Whites have lived in the city for about twenty
years.（对画线部分提问）
_______ _______ have the Whites lived in the city
7. The meeting has been over for half an hour.（改为一般
疑问句并作肯定回答）
— _______ the meeting _______ _______ for half an
hour
— _______, it _______.
How long
Has been over
Yes has
8. Peter and Julie have been married for two years.
（改为同义句）
Peter and Julie have been married _______ _______
_______ _______.
9. My pet cat died last year.（用since last year 改写句子）
My pet cat _______ _______ _______ since last year.
since two
years ago
has been dead
4b
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since.
1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the
army. She _____________ (teach) English to the
soldiers ___________ three years.
2. I ___________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for
six years. I have made a lot of friends ___________
I joined the organization.
has taught
for
have been
since
军队
军人；士兵
3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer
___________ two years now. ___________ he started
working there, he ___________ (help) many students.
4. The organization ___________ (train) over 6,000
volunteers ___________ it began to offer classes
three years ago.
for
Since
has helped
has trained
since
小学教育的；首要的
=more than 多于；超过
4c
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
I love being a volunteer! I ____________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I __________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I __________ (make) many
have worked
have helped
have made
=nearly
help out 分担工作；帮忙做
new friends and I __________ even _________ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _________ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium __________ (be) so big that they __________ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they __________ (smile) and __________ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer.
have
met
met
was
got
smiled
thanked
慈善机构（或组织）；慈善事业
热情地；温暖地
例如
get lost 迷路
be proud to do sth 为做……感到骄傲/自豪
4d
Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class.
How long have you
known your best friend/...
had your favourite toy/...
lived in your neighbourhood/...
A: How long have you known your best friend
B: I have known my best friend since we were six years old.
A: How long have you had your favourite toy
B: I have had my favourite toy for about 6 months.
A: How long have you lived in your neighbourhood
B: I have lived in my neighbourhood since 2020.
Possible version
1. ... I have helped out at over ten different sports events.
help out sb (with sth) 帮助某人摆脱困境
◆ There are plenty of robots helping out in the factory.
工厂里有大量机器人在帮忙。
◆ Could you help me out with this heavy box
你能帮我搬一下这个重箱子吗？
Language points
2. ... so big that they got lost.
so... that 如此……以至于
◆ It’s raining so heavily that I can’t see clearly on the
roads.
雨太大了，我看不清路况。
so that 以便；为了 引导目的状语从句。
◆ He has to shout so that we could hear him.
为了让我们听清楚，他必须大声喊。
Review the grammar of this lesson.
Do some related exercises.
Homework

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