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Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
(语法项目——动词不定式作主语和表语)
名师在线(课堂没学会，课下上线再学习)
语境中体悟
These days, the attitude of many people is just to eat① food that they think tastes good.However, this can lead to an unbalanced diet, which often results in short-term and long-term health issues.To stay② healthy, you need a balanced diet.Needless to say, it is not always easy to plan③ such a diet, but the good thing is that there is a lot of advice out there.To save④ yourself some time, you could try looking at a “food pyramid” — a chart that shows you how much of each type of food to eat⑤.You could also make healthy food at home and try to avoid⑥ eating packaged foods or fast food.It is essential for you to eat⑦ healthy food.You will feel better, have more energy, and have fewer health problems in later life.
[语法入门]
①处的不定式在句中作表语；
②和④处的不定式在句中作目的状语；
③和⑦处的不定式在句中作主语，前面的it为形式主语；
⑤处的不定式在句中作定语；
⑥处的不定式在句中作宾语。
学案中理清
一、动词不定式作主语
[先感知]
①(教材典句)To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.
②(教材典句)When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.
③It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
④It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
[会发现]
动词不定式(短语)作主语时既可以位于句首，也可以后置；后置时，句首要用形式主语__________；动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词应用__________数。
[明规则]
it作形式主语时的常见句式：
1．It＋be＋adj.(important, necessary, easy, difficult ...)＋for sb.＋to do sth.(表语为形容词，描述事物的性质)
2．It＋be＋adj.(kind, generous, considerate, helpful ...)＋of sb.＋to do sth.(表语为形容词，表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征)
3．It＋be＋n.(fun, honour, pleasure)＋动词不定式(表语为名词)
4．It takes/took/will take sb.some time/money to do sth.
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
②It can be easy __________ (let) a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process.
③These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders __________ (begin) computer classes.
④We will know how important __________ is to have a healthy body.
⑤Another way of setting realistic goals is __________ (analyse) your short and long objectives.
⑥It's a great honor for me ______________ (ask) to deliver a speech to everybody here.
二、动词不定式作表语
[先感知]
①(教材典句)Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
②(教材典句)My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills.
③Like the writer, all we can do is (to)look backwards “with a sigh” and (to) imagine what could have been.
④What I wanted to do best was (to) visit the Great Wall.
[会发现]
(1)动词不定式(短语)作表语时，解释说明主语的具体内容，且有“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”的特征。
(2)句③中的主语为all we can do，其中含有______________， 故作表语的不定式可省略to。
(3)句④中的主语为what引导的主语从句what I wanted to do best，该主语从句中含有________，故作表语的不定式可省略to。
[明规则]
1．表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词、短语或从句作主语时，其表语应用动词不定式。
2．不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。
3．当主语部分含有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略 to。
(1)句子主语是被动词 do作谓语的定语从句修饰的all、 all that、 anything、 the only thing (way)，或thing 前面有序数词(first、 second) 或last 等修饰，或者由“形容词＋最高级”修饰时，作表语的不定式可以省略to；
All you have to do is put it in the toaster and wait till it pops up.　你要做的是把它放进烤面包机里，等它弹出来。
(2)句子主语是what引导的主语从句且从句中带有动词 do时，作表语的不定式可以省略 to。
What the plan does is ensure a fair pension for all.　该计划的作用是确保所有人都能获得公平的养老金。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①(2024·1月九省联考卷)He knows that computers are here __________ (stay) and that they will not disappear.
②What he hoped was ______________ (admit) into the university.
③The purpose of education is ______________ (develop) a fine personality in children.
④Whether travelling abroad will do harm to the senior or good remains ______________ (see)．
⑤My explanation seemed ______________ (make) things worse, which drove me madder than before.
⑥Most people believe that the best way to build a great team is ______________ (gather) a group of the most talented individuals.
应用中融通
用括号内动词的适当形式填空
①__________ (be) kind to difficulty is to be cruel to ourselves.When we are faced with difficulties, our main task is ②__________ (find) out the root of the problem.Then figure out how ③__________ (solve) the problem.It is not advisable ④__________ (be) afraid of difficulties in the face of them.Fear of trouble only makes it harder ⑤__________ (move) forward.We can take a variety of approaches.One way is ⑥__________ (find) someone to talk to.Another better way is ⑦__________ (look) for experienced people to turn to.In addition, the most effective and direct way is ⑧__________ (take) immediate action.Only in this way can we overcome the difficulties and move forward.
1．I've thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.　我全身心地投入到了家庭烹饪中，从在锅里煮面条到在煎锅里煎牛排。
★throw oneself into投身于，热衷于
|用|法|感|知|
·(“演讲”类写作佳句)We hold the firm belief that we are to achieve Chinese Dream with so many people throwing themselves into it.
我们坚信，有这么多人投身其中，我们一定会实现中国梦。
·(“学校生活”主题佳句)I decided to throw myself into my study for the rest of the school year.
我决定在剩下的学年里全身心投入到学业当中。
[归纳点拨]
throw up　　　　 放弃；呕吐；匆匆建造(某物)
throw away 扔掉；摒弃；浪费；错过(机会)
throw off 迅速脱掉；摆脱
throw light on 使某事更易理解
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①This could be the best chance you will ever have.Don't throw it __________！
②Just the thought of eating that food makes me want to throw __________.
③Two recent papers ________________ these questions.　
最近的两篇论文阐明了这些问题。
④Mr Green ____________________ those in need after he retired.
格林先生退休后致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人。
2．As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre.　只要你不恐高，市中心最新的天空自助餐厅会令你印象深刻。
★impress vt.&vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到
|用|法|感|知|
·(“景物描写”佳句)Yulong Snow Mountain impresses visitors with its beauty forever, attracting millions of visitors from home and abroad each year.
玉龙雪山的美丽给游客们留下了难以磨灭的印象，每年吸引着数以百万计的国内外游客。
·My parents impressed me with the importance of receiving a good education.
我父母使我认识到接受良好教育的重要性。
·(“人物描写”佳句)His impressive performance at the concert left a deep impression on me.
他在音乐会上令人赞叹的演出给我留下了深刻的印象。
[归纳点拨]
使某人牢记某事
　 be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻
　 be impressed on one's mind/memory
被印在某人的脑海/记忆里
(2)impression n. 印象；感想
make/leave an impression on sb.
给某人留下深刻印象
(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①Our teacher impressed us __________ the importance of industry and economy.
②I didn't get much of an __________ (impress) of the place because it was dark when we drove through it.
③Thanks to our wonderful and __________ (impress) performance, we finally won the first prize.
④I was impressed by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time.
→__________________________， I forgot to go back home in time.(分词短语作状语)
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
语法专题突破
学案中理清
一、[会发现]　it　单
[对点练]　①to walk　②to let　③to begin　④it
⑤to analyse　⑥to be asked
二、[会发现]　(2)动词do　(3)动词do
[对点练]　①to stay　②to be admitted　③to develop
④to be seen　⑤to have made　⑥to gather
应用中融通
①To be　②to find　③to solve　④to be　⑤to move
⑥to find　⑦to look　⑧to take
新知深化学习
1．①away　②up　③have thrown light on
④threw himself into helping
2．①with　②impression　③impressive
④Impressed by the beautiful scenery
1 / 5(共61张PPT)
Grammar and usage
(语法项目——动词不定式作主语和表语)
Section Ⅲ
语法专题突破
课时检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
新知深化学习
01
语法专题突破
语境中体悟
These days, the attitude of many people is just to eat① food that they think tastes good.However, this can lead to an unbalanced diet, which often results in short-term and long-term health issues.To stay② healthy, you need a balanced diet.Needless to say, it is not always easy to plan③ such a diet, but the good thing is that there is a lot of advice out there.To save④ yourself some time, you could try looking at a “food pyramid” — a chart that shows you how much of each type of food to eat⑤.You could also make healthy food at home and try to avoid⑥ eating packaged foods or fast food.It is essential for you to eat⑦ healthy food.You will feel better, have more energy, and have fewer health problems in later life.
[语法入门]
①处的不定式在句中作表语；
②和④处的不定式在句中作目的状语；
③和⑦处的不定式在句中作主语，前面的it为形式主语；
⑤处的不定式在句中作定语；
⑥处的不定式在句中作宾语。
学案中理清
一、动词不定式作主语
[先感知]
①(教材典句)To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.
②(教材典句)When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.
③It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
④It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
[会发现]
动词不定式(短语)作主语时既可以位于句首，也可以后置；后置时，句首要用形式主语____；动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词应用____数。
it
单
[明规则]
it作形式主语时的常见句式：
1．It＋be＋adj.(important, necessary, easy, difficult ...)＋for sb.＋to do sth.(表语为形容词，描述事物的性质)
2．It＋be＋adj.(kind, generous, considerate, helpful ...)＋of sb.＋to do sth.(表语为形容词，表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征)
3．It＋be＋n.(fun, honour, pleasure)＋动词不定式(表语为名词)
4．It takes/took/will take sb.some time/money to do sth.
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①It is possible ________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
②It can be easy ______(let) a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process.
③These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders _________(begin) computer classes.
to walk
to let
to begin
④We will know how important ___is to have a healthy body.
⑤Another way of setting realistic goals is ___________(analyse) your short and long objectives.
⑥It's a great honor for me ____________(ask) to deliver a speech to everybody here.
it
to analyse
to be asked
二、动词不定式作表语
[先感知]
①(教材典句)Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
②(教材典句)My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills.
③Like the writer, all we can do is (to)look backwards “with a sigh” and (to) imagine what could have been.
④What I wanted to do best was (to) visit the Great Wall.
[会发现]
(1)动词不定式(短语)作表语时，解释说明主语的具体内容，且有“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”的特征。
(2)句③中的主语为all we can do，其中含有________, 故作表语的不定式可省略to。
(3)句④中的主语为what引导的主语从句what I wanted to do best，该主语从句中含有_______，故作表语的不定式可省略to。
动词do
动词do
[明规则]
1．表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词、短语或从句作主语时，其表语应用动词不定式。
2．不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。
3．当主语部分含有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略 to。
(1)句子主语是被动词 do作谓语的定语从句修饰的all、 all that、 anything、 the only thing (way)，或thing 前面有序数词(first、 second) 或last 等修饰，或者由“形容词＋最高级”修饰时，作表语的不定式可以省略to；
All you have to do is put it in the toaster and wait till it pops up.　你要做的是把它放进烤面包机里，等它弹出来。
(2)句子主语是what引导的主语从句且从句中带有动词 do时，作表语的不定式可以省略 to。
What the plan does is ensure a fair pension for all.　该计划的作用是确保所有人都能获得公平的养老金。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①(2024·1月九省联考卷)He knows that computers are here _______(stay) and that they will not disappear.
②What he hoped was ______________(admit) into the university.
③The purpose of education is __________(develop) a fine personality in children.
to stay
to be admitted
to develop
④Whether travelling abroad will do harm to the senior or good remains __________(see)．
⑤My explanation seemed _____________(make) things worse, which drove me madder than before.
⑥Most people believe that the best way to build a great team is _________(gather) a group of the most talented individuals.
to be seen
to have made
to gather
应用中融通
用括号内动词的适当形式填空
①_____ (be) kind to difficulty is to be cruel to ourselves.When we are faced with difficulties, our main task is ②______ (find) out the root of the problem.Then figure out how ③________ (solve) the problem.It is not advisable ④_____ (be) afraid of difficulties in the face of them.Fear of trouble only makes it harder ⑤_______ (move) forward.We can take
To be
to find
to solve
to be
to move
a variety of approaches.One way is ⑥_______ (find) someone to talk to.Another better way is ⑦______ (look) for experienced people to turn to.In addition, the most effective and direct way is ⑧_______ (take) immediate action.Only in this way can we overcome the difficulties and move forward.
to find
to look
to take
02
新知深化学习
1．I've thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.
我全身心地投入到了家庭烹饪中，从在锅里煮面条到在煎锅里煎牛排。
★throw oneself into投身于，热衷于
|用|法|感|知|
·(“演讲”类写作佳句)We hold the firm belief that we are to achieve Chinese Dream with so many people throwing themselves into it.
我们坚信，有这么多人投身其中，我们一定会实现中国梦。
·(“学校生活”主题佳句)I decided to throw myself into my study for the rest of the school year.
我决定在剩下的学年里全身心投入到学业当中。
[归纳点拨]
throw up　　　　 放弃；呕吐；匆匆建造(某物)
throw away 扔掉；摒弃；浪费；错过(机会)
throw off 迅速脱掉；摆脱
throw light on 使某事更易理解
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①This could be the best chance you will ever have.Don't throw it_______!
②Just the thought of eating that food makes me want to throw____.
③Two recent papers ____________________these questions.
最近的两篇论文阐明了这些问题。
④Mr Green ________________________those in need after he retired.
格林先生退休后致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人。
away
up
have thrown light on
threw himself into helping
2．As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre.
只要你不恐高，市中心最新的天空自助餐厅会令你印象深刻。
★impress vt.&vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到
|用|法|感|知|
·(“景物描写”佳句)Yulong Snow Mountain impresses visitors with its beauty forever, attracting millions of visitors from home and abroad each year.
玉龙雪山的美丽给游客们留下了难以磨灭的印象，每年吸引着数以百万计的国内外游客。
·My parents impressed me with the importance of receiving a good education.
我父母使我认识到接受良好教育的重要性。
·(“人物描写”佳句)His impressive performance at the concert left a deep impression on me.
他在音乐会上令人赞叹的演出给我留下了深刻的印象。
[归纳点拨]
　
be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻
be impressed on one's mind/memory 被印在某人的脑海/记忆里
(2)impression n. 印象；感想
make/leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象
(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①Our teacher impressed us ______the importance of industry and economy.
②I didn't get much of an ____________(impress) of the place because it was dark when we drove through it.
with
impression
③Thanks to our wonderful and _____________(impress) performance, we finally won the first prize.
④I was impressed by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time.
→________________________________, I forgot to go back home in time.(分词短语作状语)
impressive
Impressed by the beautiful scenery
03
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Some people have glibly (轻率地) called it the “Chinese burger”．But roujiamo, a food that has its origins in northern China's Shaanxi Province, is different from what you'd order at the burger chain, with a far longer 2,000-year-old history.Roujiamo is a thing of beauty — a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised (炖) pork.
Most amazingly, some customers might show their respect for the pork in this little bun, which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them.Among a sea of tough competition, Lijiarongxi, a restaurant recognized as the best roujiamo place in town, should owe its success to the soup used to slow-cook its meat, which has been braised on the stove since the founder, Mr Li, first braised it 27 years ago.In fact, most restaurants of good fame have an exclusive heritage recipe (家传秘方) for their soups that often date back to decades ago.The soup in Fanji Roujiamo, one of Xi'an's best-known roujiamo restaurants, is believed to be more than 80 years old!
You might eat the bun quickly in seconds, but like all good things, it should be given time to enjoy.Chefs braise the pork in its decade-old soup for hours and let it sit overnight, making the meat more tender.Such tenderly-cooked meat is what lends this dish the nickname “lao han xi” in Xianyang.That's because the best roujiamo meat is so soft that it should melt in your mouth without having to chew it — imagining the elderly customers in question, without a perfect set of teeth.
It's also worth noting that like most types of regional Chinese food, roujiamo varies depending on the city and community.Buns come baked or pan-fried, and for the meat, Muslim communities in Shaanxi often use beef, while people in Ningxia usually choose lamb.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了陕西的特色小吃——肉夹馍。
1．What is TRUE about roujiamo
A．A soft but chewy bun with meat.
B．A pork bun with a history less than 2,000 years.
C．A kind of food ordered at the burger chain.
D．A typical burger originating in Shanxi Province.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised pork”可知，肉夹馍是夹带肉且又软又有嚼劲的饼。
2．What is the main factor that makes roujiamo amazing
A．A sea of fierce competition.
B．The softness of the meat.
C．The soup used to braise the meat.
D．Its exclusive heritage recipes.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，是比有些顾客年纪还大的炖肉的老汤使人们对肉夹馍感到震惊。
3．What does the nickname “lao han xi” suggest in paragraph 3
A．The decade-old soup is so attractive that the old feel like bathing in it.
B．The meat gets soft and is friendly for the old to eat, making them happy.
C．The meat turns tough after being braised in its decade-old soup for hours.
D．The meat melts in the mouth of the old, who sigh for not tasting it successfully.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，肉夹馍之所以得名“老汉喜”，是因为肉不需要咀嚼，很适合牙口不好的老年人。
4．What are the tones of the passage
A．Humorous and affectionate.
B．Ridiculous and religious.
C．Serious but affectionate.
D．Humorous but ridiculous.
√
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，特别是第二段第一句中的“show their respect for the pork”以及“which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them”可以看出文章用词幽默，且字里行间透露出作者对这种传统美食的喜爱之情。
Ⅱ.完形填空
You can imagine how novel we found it when my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum (课程)．As a growing boy, I seemed to be 5 all day long.And the good news was that we could 6 what we cooked.I immediately signed up.
At the beginning of the first class, I 7 slowly with a classic, boiled egg alone.To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.I was feeling 8 and excited.
Then the class was divided into teams to 9 the complex and challenging dish — Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs.The 10 proceeded satisfactorily.Even the baking seemed to progress as 11 .But my team ran into 12 when we turned on the broiler (烤箱) to brown our hot dogs.It really wasn't our 13 .The members of another group were busy 14 their hot dogs out from the oven and placing them on the table to cool.They 15 good, making our mouths water.We gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs, and we were all 16 ... until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly 17 our masterpieces.
All our previous efforts were wasted. 18 ， we were regarded as that day's heroes.The sense of 19 that came from creating a dish promoted a positive relationship with food and willingness to try new things.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加学校举办的烹饪课的经历。
5．A.ignorant　　　　　　　 B．sleepy
C．hungry D．greedy
6．A.display B．exchange
C．market D．have
√
√
解析：根据上文“As a growing boy”和下文语境可知，作为一个正在长身体的男孩，作者总是感觉饿。
解析：根据前后文可知，作者报名烹饪课的一个理由是听说课上做的菜可以自己吃掉。
7．A.took off B．started off
C．called off D．put off
√
解析：根据句中“At the beginning of the first class”可知，作者刚开始上烹饪课，故此处表示开始独自做煮鸡蛋。
8．A.nervous B．confident
C．bored D．relaxed
√
解析：根据上文“To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.”可知，作者认为煮鸡蛋是一件轻而易举的事，故此处表示作者很自信。
9．A.recommend B．appreciate
C．evaluate D．make
10．A.preparation B．cooking
C．competition D．course
√
√
解析：作者上的是烹饪课，故此处指的是制作菜肴。
解析：根据下文“Even the baking seemed to progress as_______ .”可知，句中描述的是烹饪过程，所以先进行的是准备工作。
11．A.involved B．intended
C．imitated D．pictured
12．A.trouble B．pressure
C．prejudice D．resistance
√
√
解析：根据上文“The______proceeded satisfactorily.”可知，准备工作进展顺利，烘焙过程也按预期进行。
解析：根据下文“until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly _______our masterpieces”可知，作者和同伴把热狗烤焦了，故此处表示他们小组遇到了麻烦。
13．A.dish B．task
C．fault D．cooker
√
解析：根据下文语境可知，作者他们因被另一组的热狗吸引而把热狗烤焦了，他们认为这不是他们的错。
14．A.pulling B．giving
C．putting D．working
√
解析：根据句中“placing them on the table to cool”可知，应该先把热狗从烤箱里拿出来，再放在桌子上冷却。pull ...out from ...意为“把……从……中拉出来”。
15．A.tasted B．felt
C．sounded D．smelled
16．A.taken B．cheated
C．beaten D．refused
√
√
解析：根据句中“making our mouths water”可知，刚烤好的热狗闻起来很香，让人流口水。
解析：根据上文“They ________good, making our mouths water.”可知，香气扑鼻的热狗让作者他们流口水，吸引了他们的注意力。
17．A.comprised B．ended
C．perfected D．saved
√
解析：根据句中“until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly”可知，热狗烤焦了，一团黑烟终结了他们的杰作。
18．A.Moreover B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．Still
√
解析：根据上文“All our previous efforts were wasted.”和句中“we were regarded as that day's heroes”可知，虽然努力都白费了，但他们仍然被视为那一天的英雄。
19．A.achievement B．security
C．excitement D．responsibility
√
解析：根据上文“I was feeling_______and excited.”可知，制作菜肴让作者感到兴奋，由此可知，做菜所带来的兴奋感提升了作者对食物的热爱以及尝试新事物的意愿。
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)( )
For those who travel to China, the scenic spots and ancient civilization are 20 (attract) things, and so is Chinese food and drink.Like music, dance and painting, eating is also an art in China and Chinese cuisine 21 (list) as one of the top in the field of world cuisines.
Nobody could tell exactly how many restaurants a specific city has, let alone the roadside eateries (餐馆) 22 (distribute) in streets and back lanes.Wherever you would like to eat, in the restaurants 23 the roadside eateries, make sure that the restaurant is clean and the food has been 24 (fresh) prepared and is hot.
Chinese regard eating as an art, 25 is a comprehensive combination of sight, smell, touch, taste and even sound.Chinese cuisine is an important branch from the Chinese culture and the core is taste while the purpose is 26 (preserve) health.It is a perfect combination of color, shape, 27 (appear) and flavor.Delicious and nutritious food has been regarded as the basics of ordinary life.
Chinese cuisine has a long history and is famous worldwide 28 its rich tastes and delightful colors.The difference in local climate, history and eating custom in each region has produced local dishes and snacks with their own 29 (characteristic)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在中国，吃也是一门艺术。文章主要介绍了中餐的相关情况。
20．attractive　考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词things，需用形容词，所以填attractive。
21．is listed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处是分句的谓语；结合语境可知，本句描述客观情况，时态应为一般现在时；主语Chinese cuisine与list之间为被动关系且为单数，所以填is listed。
22．distributed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语 the roadside eateries之间为被动关系，所以填distributed。
23．or　考查连词。此处表示无论你喜欢在哪里吃，(正规)饭店还是路边餐馆，空处前后为选择关系，所以填or。
24．freshly　考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词prepared，需用副词，所以填freshly。
25．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为art，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，所以填which。
26.to preserve　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，表示the purpose的具体内容，需用不定式，所以填to preserve。
27．appearance　考查名词。空处与color, shape和flavor 并列，因此需用名词形式，所以填appearance。
28．for　考查介词。be famous for意为“以……而出名”，为固定搭配，所以填for。
29．characteristics　考查名词复数。此处表示每个区域因当地气候、历史和饮食习惯的差异会造就具有它们自己特点的本地菜和小吃。空处需要用名词复数，所以填characteristics。UNIT 1　课时检测(三)　Grammar and usage
(标语篇配有教师讲评课件。选择题在答题区内作答，主观题在题后作答)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Some people have glibly (轻率地) called it the “Chinese burger”．But roujiamo, a food that has its origins in northern China's Shaanxi Province, is different from what you'd order at the burger chain, with a far longer 2,000-year-old history.Roujiamo is a thing of beauty — a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised (炖) pork.
Most amazingly, some customers might show their respect for the pork in this little bun, which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them.Among a sea of tough competition, Lijiarongxi, a restaurant recognized as the best roujiamo place in town, should owe its success to the soup used to slow-cook its meat, which has been braised on the stove since the founder, Mr Li, first braised it 27 years ago.In fact, most restaurants of good fame have an exclusive heritage recipe (家传秘方) for their soups that often date back to decades ago.The soup in Fanji Roujiamo, one of Xi'an's best-known roujiamo restaurants, is believed to be more than 80 years old!
You might eat the bun quickly in seconds, but like all good things, it should be given time to enjoy.Chefs braise the pork in its decade-old soup for hours and let it sit overnight, making the meat more tender.Such tenderly-cooked meat is what lends this dish the nickname “lao han xi” in Xianyang.That's because the best roujiamo meat is so soft that it should melt in your mouth without having to chew it — imagining the elderly customers in question, without a perfect set of teeth.
It's also worth noting that like most types of regional Chinese food, roujiamo varies depending on the city and community.Buns come baked or pan-fried, and for the meat, Muslim communities in Shaanxi often use beef, while people in Ningxia usually choose lamb.
1．What is TRUE about roujiamo
A．A soft but chewy bun with meat.
B．A pork bun with a history less than 2,000 years.
C．A kind of food ordered at the burger chain.
D．A typical burger originating in Shanxi Province.
2．What is the main factor that makes roujiamo amazing
A．A sea of fierce competition.
B．The softness of the meat.
C．The soup used to braise the meat.
D．Its exclusive heritage recipes.
3．What does the nickname “lao han xi” suggest in paragraph 3
A．The decade-old soup is so attractive that the old feel like bathing in it.
B．The meat gets soft and is friendly for the old to eat, making them happy.
C．The meat turns tough after being braised in its decade-old soup for hours.
D．The meat melts in the mouth of the old, who sigh for not tasting it successfully.
4．What are the tones of the passage
A．Humorous and affectionate.
B．Ridiculous and religious.
C．Serious but affectionate.
D．Humorous but ridiculous.
Ⅱ.完形填空
You can imagine how novel we found it when my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum (课程)．As a growing boy, I seemed to be __5__ all day long.And the good news was that we could __6__ what we cooked.I immediately signed up.
At the beginning of the first class, I __7__ slowly with a classic, boiled egg alone.To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.I was feeling __8__ and excited.
Then the class was divided into teams to __9__ the complex and challenging dish — Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs.The __10__ proceeded satisfactorily.Even the baking seemed to progress as __11__.But my team ran into __12__ when we turned on the broiler (烤箱) to brown our hot dogs.It really wasn't our __13__.The members of another group were busy __14__ their hot dogs out from the oven and placing them on the table to cool.They __15__ good, making our mouths water.We gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs, and we were all __16__ ... until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly __17__ our masterpieces.
All our previous efforts were wasted.__18__， we were regarded as that day's heroes.The sense of __19__ that came from creating a dish promoted a positive relationship with food and willingness to try new things.
5．A.ignorant　　　　　　　 B．sleepy
C．hungry D．greedy
6．A.display B．exchange
C．market D．have
7．A.took off B．started off
C．called off D．put off
8．A.nervous B．confident
C．bored D．relaxed
9．A.recommend B．appreciate
C．evaluate D．make
10．A.preparation B．cooking
C．competition D．course
11．A.involved B．intended
C．imitated D．pictured
12．A.trouble B．pressure
C．prejudice D．resistance
13．A.dish B．task
C．fault D．cooker
14．A.pulling B．giving
C．putting D．working
15．A.tasted B．felt
C．sounded D．smelled
16．A.taken B．cheated
C．beaten D．refused
17．A.comprised B．ended
C．perfected D．saved
18．A.Moreover B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．Still
19．A.achievement B．security
C．excitement D．responsibility
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)()
For those who travel to China, the scenic spots and ancient civilization are 20.____________ (attract) things, and so is Chinese food and drink.Like music, dance and painting, eating is also an art in China and Chinese cuisine 21.____________ (list) as one of the top in the field of world cuisines.
Nobody could tell exactly how many restaurants a specific city has, let alone the roadside eateries (餐馆) 22.____________ (distribute) in streets and back lanes.Wherever you would like to eat, in the restaurants 23.____________ the roadside eateries, make sure that the restaurant is clean and the food has been 24.____________ (fresh) prepared and is hot.
Chinese regard eating as an art, 25.____________ is a comprehensive combination of sight, smell, touch, taste and even sound.Chinese cuisine is an important branch from the Chinese culture and the core is taste while the purpose is 26.____________ (preserve) health.It is a perfect combination of color, shape, 27.____________ (appear) and flavor.Delicious and nutritious food has been regarded as the basics of ordinary life.
Chinese cuisine has a long history and is famous worldwide 28.____________ its rich tastes and delightful colors.The difference in local climate, history and eating custom in each region has produced local dishes and snacks with their own 29.____________ (characteristic)．
UNIT 1　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了陕西的特色小吃——肉夹馍。
1．选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised pork”可知，肉夹馍是夹带肉且又软又有嚼劲的饼。
2．选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，是比有些顾客年纪还大的炖肉的老汤使人们对肉夹馍感到震惊。
3．选B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，肉夹馍之所以得名“老汉喜”，是因为肉不需要咀嚼，很适合牙口不好的老年人。
4．选A　推理判断题。通读全文，特别是第二段第一句中的“show their respect for the pork”以及“which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them”可以看出文章用词幽默，且字里行间透露出作者对这种传统美食的喜爱之情。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加学校举办的烹饪课的经历。
5．选C　根据上文“As a growing boy”和下文语境可知，作为一个正在长身体的男孩，作者总是感觉饿。
6．选D　根据前后文可知，作者报名烹饪课的一个理由是听说课上做的菜可以自己吃掉。
7．选B　根据句中“At the beginning of the first class”可知，作者刚开始上烹饪课，故此处表示开始独自做煮鸡蛋。
8．选B　根据上文“To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.”可知，作者认为煮鸡蛋是一件轻而易举的事，故此处表示作者很自信。
9．选D　作者上的是烹饪课，故此处指的是制作菜肴。
10．选A　根据下文“Even the baking seemed to progress as ______.”可知，句中描述的是烹饪过程，所以先进行的是准备工作。
11．选B　根据上文“The ________ proceeded satisfactorily.”可知，准备工作进展顺利，烘焙过程也按预期进行。
12．选A　根据下文“until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly ________ our masterpieces”可知，作者和同伴把热狗烤焦了，故此处表示他们小组遇到了麻烦。
13．选C　根据下文语境可知，作者他们因被另一组的热狗吸引而把热狗烤焦了，他们认为这不是他们的错。
14．选A　根据句中“placing them on the table to cool”可知，应该先把热狗从烤箱里拿出来，再放在桌子上冷却。pull ...out from ...意为“把……从……中拉出来”。
15．选D　根据句中“making our mouths water”可知，刚烤好的热狗闻起来很香，让人流口水。
16．选A　根据上文“They ________ good, making our mouths water.”可知，香气扑鼻的热狗让作者他们流口水，吸引了他们的注意力。
17．选B　根据句中“until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly”可知，热狗烤焦了，一团黑烟终结了他们的杰作。
18．选D　根据上文“All our previous efforts were wasted.”和句中“we were regarded as that day's heroes”可知，虽然努力都白费了，但他们仍然被视为那一天的英雄。
19．选C　根据上文“I was feeling ________ and excited.”可知，制作菜肴让作者感到兴奋，由此可知，做菜所带来的兴奋感提升了作者对食物的热爱以及尝试新事物的意愿。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在中国，吃也是一门艺术。文章主要介绍了中餐的相关情况。
20．attractive　考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词things，需用形容词，所以填attractive。
21．is listed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处是分句的谓语；结合语境可知，本句描述客观情况，时态应为一般现在时；主语Chinese cuisine与list之间为被动关系且为单数，所以填is listed。
22．distributed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语 the roadside eateries之间为被动关系，所以填distributed。
23．or　考查连词。此处表示无论你喜欢在哪里吃，(正规)饭店还是路边餐馆，空处前后为选择关系，所以填or。
24．freshly　考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词prepared，需用副词，所以填freshly。
25．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为art，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，所以填which。
26．to preserve　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，表示the purpose的具体内容，需用不定式，所以填to preserve。
27．appearance　考查名词。空处与color, shape和flavor 并列，因此需用名词形式，所以填appearance。
28．for　考查介词。be famous for意为“以……而出名”，为固定搭配，所以填for。
29．characteristics　考查名词复数。此处表示每个区域因当地气候、历史和饮食习惯的差异会造就具有它们自己特点的本地菜和小吃。空处需要用名词复数，所以填characteristics。
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