资源简介

Section Ⅲ　　Grammar and usage
(语法项目——非谓语动词)
名师在线(课堂没学会，课下上线再学习)
语境中体悟
A 360-word poem known as The Ballad of Mulan① describes a legendary woman from ancient Chinese history, Mulan. There is no proof that she was a real person. The only information we are sure about is that her story is connected with the history of China in the 4th or 5th century CE. In the ballad, Mulan decides to take her aged father's place② in the army. After twelve years' fighting, the army returns and the warriors are rewarded. Mulan turns down an official post offered by the Khan③ and asks only for a horse to take her back home④. After greeting her family⑤， Mulan changes back into her female clothing and visits her comrades. Her comrades see Mulan in female clothes, all amazed and confused⑥. During the 12 years in the army, they did not realise that Mulan was a woman.
[语法入门]
①处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰poem，know与poem之间为被动关系；
②处为动词不定式短语作decides的宾语；
③处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰post；
④处为动词不定式短语作状语；
⑤处为动名词短语作介词after的宾语；
⑥处为分词形容词在句中作状语。
学案中理清
非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
形式 功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ed形式 √ √ √ √
一、非谓语动词作主语：动词不定式与动词-ing形式
1．动词不定式作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式后置。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind、 nice、 foolish、 generous等，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描述不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.
和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他捐献了这么多，真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low-carbon life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2．动名词作主语
动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
(1)It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.
(2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.
It is no use coming before that.
在那之前来没有用。
There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.
现在为那件事担心没有意义。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It is possible ______________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
②__________________________ without taking action.
不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
③____________________ is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
学会批判性地思考是现在的孩子未来需要的一项重要技能。
④It took years of hard work __________________________________________________.
减少工业污染和净化水质花了数年的努力。
二、非谓语动词作宾语：动词不定式与动词-ing形式
1．有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语，如：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, would like, pretend
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help
2.有些动词(短语)后只能跟动名词作宾语。(具体内容见UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ)
3．有些动词(短语)后既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。(具体内容见UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ)
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend __________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether __________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
③(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years __________ (record) everything I discovered.
④I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not __________ (stay) out with my friends too late.
⑤Minimize the impact of __________ (visit) the place.
三、非谓语动词作表语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
1．动词不定式与动名词作表语
动词不定式作表语表示某一具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。
My dream is to become a great scientist.
我的梦想是成为一名伟大的科学家。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
2．分词作表语
表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词形式；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词形式。
The boy was frightened to see the dog.
这个男孩看到这只狗很害怕。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
① It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________ (educate) about the areas.
②What I hate most is __________________.
我最讨厌的就是被嘲笑。
③I ____________________ the presence of such a student.
我非常高兴有这样的一个学生在场。
④His explanation is ______________ that most of us couldn't understand.
他的解释太令人费解了，以至于我们大多数人都无法理解。
⑤What he hoped was ___________________________________________.
他希望能被理想的大学录取。
四、非谓语动词作定语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
1．动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)　她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。
Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)
你有一封信要写吗？
Do you have the ability to read and write in English？(同位关系)
你有用英语读写的能力吗？
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing、 being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的房子是给老师们的。
The broken glass is Tom's.
这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done。doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。
boiling water　 正沸腾的水　 boiled water 　开水
3．动名词作定语
动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。
a walking stick＝a stick for walking　　 手杖
a sleeping car＝a car for sleeping 卧铺车
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2025·1月八省联考卷)At the same time, a language and its individual __________ (write) forms make up the “soul” of a national tradition.
②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) The latest __________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.
③(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the __________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling ...
⑤(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully __________ (build) system of ring roads.
五、非谓语动词作状语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
1．分词作状语
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。
Hearing the news, they got excited.
听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.　如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
2．动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.
看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do、so as to do、to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
为了通过考试，他努力学习。
(3)作目的状语的动词不定式表示的动作必须是主语发出的。
To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2025·1月八省联考卷)The goal was two-fold: ______________ (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six tongues.
②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ______________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
③(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)__________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.”
④(2023·全国乙卷)______________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
⑤(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ____________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
六、非谓语动词作补语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
1．后接动词不定式作补语的动词及动词短语
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
advise　 建议　 allow　　 允许　　 ask　　　 询问；要求
beg 恳求 cause 导致 encourage 鼓励
permit 准许 forbid 禁止 force 强迫
intend 打算 invite 邀请 order 命令；要求
persuade 说服 prefer 更喜欢 require 需要；要求
teach 教 remind 提醒 tell 告诉
want 想要 warn 警告 wish 希望；想要
wait for 等待 call on　 号召；要求　 depend on 依靠
　She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向学生们解释了所有的规则，并要求每个人都要遵循这些规则。
He depends on you to help him with his English.　他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear、listen to)，三让(let、have、make)，五看(see、notice、observe、watch、look at)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)
没人看见他进来。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)　有人看见小偷进了银行。
(3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语：
sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/
thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.
据报道，那起事故中已有两人丧生。
2．非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see、watch、observe、look at、notice、hear、listen to、feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：
　I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
(2)使役动词make、let、have、get后接复合宾语的情况：
　 ①make＋
　 ①make＋宾语＋
　The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.
这个老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量让别人明白他的意思。
　②let＋宾语＋
　Don't let your child play computer games.
别让你的孩子玩电脑游戏。
Let the work be done immediately.
让这项工作立即完成。
　He had the computer working all the night.
他让电脑工作了一夜。
He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。
④get＋
　She got her bike running very fast.
她骑自行车骑得非常快。
I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
3．动词leave、keep、find、catch后接非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况
(2)keep
(3)find
(4)catch sb. doing sth.　　 撞见某人正在做某事
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2025·浙江1月高考) Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women ______________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ______________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left __________ (want) more next time.
④But that's how nature is — always leaving us __________ (astonish)．
应用中融通
Ⅰ.用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
→____________________， he began to mow the lawn.
2．Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
→____________________， I want to ask for your advice.
3．She awoke, so that she found herself lost in the forest.
→She awoke, ______________ herself lost in the forest.
4．My brother makes paper planes every day.He is interested in it.
→My brother ________________________________________________________________________.
5．When I wandered through the gallery, I was attracted by paintings by Xu Beihong.
→____________________， I was attracted by paintings by Xu Beihong.
6．The girl who was riding a bike in front of the house was my little sister.
→______________________________ was my little sister.
7．The room is crowded with a lot of equipment, so it looks a mess.
→____________________， the room looks a mess.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
①__________ (draw) inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries.Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou.The main principle of its design is ②__________ (recreate) natural landscapes in miniature.First ③__________ (establish) in the Ming Dynasty, the original garden contained a rockery ④__________ (symbolise) Tiantai Mountain.Pine and bamboo groves were added later, along with a pond and an island.Visitors would be ⑤__________ (astonish) ⑥__________ (find) the garden ⑦__________ (model) closely on natural features.Visitors are also supposed ⑧__________ (explore) it scene-by-scene.This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish, to a tree in blossom, a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全短文
①__________________________________ (随着我校五十周年校庆的临近), we are going to hold an exhibition.We sincerely hope that all students will provide original artworks ②____________________ (以庆祝它的生日)．
We will be happy ③__________________ (看到照片) of different school activities ④______________________________ (给你留下了深刻的印象的)．Besides, you can write Chinese poems, ⑤____________________ (分享你们的美好经历) of school life.More importantly, it is a good opportunity ⑥____________________________ (致以你最美好的祝福) to the school as well as display your colorful school life.Please send in your works before October 1st.We really appreciate everyone's ⑦______________________________ (积极参与)．
1．Instead, they advocated going back to nature.
相反，他们提倡回归自然。
★advocate vt.拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师
|用|法|感|知|
·(“倡议”类写作佳句)I strongly advocate that we should make joint efforts to contribute to the youth football progress.
我强烈主张我们应该共同努力，为青少年足球运动的进步做出贡献。
·It's advocated that we should change our way of life and learn to exist in harmony with nature.
人们主张改变我们的生活方式，学会与自然和谐相处。
·It's well-known that he is a strong advocate of green lifestyles.
众所周知，他是绿色生活的大力倡导者。
[归纳点拨]
(1)advocate doing sth.　　　 提倡做某事
advocate that ...(should) do sth. 主张/提倡……做某事
it is advocated that ... 人们主张/支持……
(2)an advocate of sth. 某事的拥护者
a leading advocate 主要倡导者
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Many experts advocate __________ (reduce) the amount of children's homework and also advocate that children ________________ (give) more free time.
②She has always been an advocate __________ changes to English spelling, to make it easier to learn.
③____________________ the whole society should work together to build a healthy and progressive culture atmosphere for students.
人们倡议全社会共同努力为学生创建一个健康、进步的文化氛围。
2．The poets also wrote about individual feelings and beliefs.
诗人也写有关个人情感和信仰方面的诗。
★belief n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心
|用|法|感|知|
·(“邀请”类写作佳句)I hold the firm belief that this year's music festival will make a deep impression on you.
我坚信今年的音乐节肯定能给你留下深刻的印象。
·No matter what happens, always believe that the things you desire may not happen today, but they will happen.
无论发生什么，要始终相信你渴望的事情(即使)今天可能不会发生，但它们(终究)会发生。
·It is commonly believed that the value of life lies not in the length of days, but in the use that we make of it.　人们普遍认为，生命的价值不在于寿命的长短，而在于我们如何利用它。
[归纳点拨]
(1)have belief in　　　　　 相信……
confirm one's belief 坚定某人的信念
hold the firm belief that 坚信……
(2)disbelief n. 不信；怀疑；疑惑
in disbelief 难以置信地；不相信地
(3)believe v. 相信
believe in 信任……
Sb./Sth.is believed to＝It is believed that ...
人们相信/认为……
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①In contrast to your __________ (believe) that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed.
②My father has much belief __________ doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.
③You can believe __________ him; he'll never let you down.
④We were amazed, shocked, dumbfounded, shaking our heads in __________ (belief)．
⑤Advertising is often believed to be the most effective method of promotion.
→________________advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
语法专题突破
学案中理清
一、①to walk　②It is no use complaining
③Learning to think critically
④to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water
二、①to catch　②to bite　③recording　④staying　⑤visiting
三、①educated　②being laughed at　③was very delighted at
④so confusing　⑤to be admitted into the ideal university
四、①written　②engineering　③inspired　④recognized　⑤built
五、①to celebrate　②to give　③Recalling　④Having visited　⑤to teach
六、①to rent　②to be lifted　③wanting　④astonished
应用中融通
Ⅰ.1.Having watered the garden　2.Not knowing what to do next
3．only to find　4.is interested in making paper planes every day
5．Wandering through the gallery
6．The girl riding a bike in front of the house
7．Crowded with a lot of equipment
Ⅱ.①Drawing　②to recreate　③established　④to symbolise　⑤astonished　⑥to find　⑦modeled　⑧to explore
Ⅲ.①With the 50th anniversary of our school approaching
②to celebrate its birthday　③to see photos
④leaving a deep impression on you
⑤sharing your sweet experiences
⑥to extend your best wishes　⑦participating in it actively
新知深化学习
1．①reducing; (should) be given　②of　③It's advocated that
2．①belief　②in　③in　④disbelief　⑤It is believed that
1 / 12(共94张PPT)
Grammar and usage
(语法项目——非谓语动词)
Section Ⅲ
语法专题突破
课时检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
新知深化学习
01
语法专题突破
语境中体悟
A 360-word poem known as The Ballad of Mulan① describes a legendary woman from ancient Chinese history, Mulan. There is no proof that she was a real person. The only information we are sure about is that her story is connected with the history of China in the 4th or 5th century CE. In the ballad, Mulan decides to take her aged father's place② in the army. After twelve years' fighting, the army returns and the warriors are rewarded. Mulan turns down an official
post offered by the Khan③ and asks only for a horse to take her back home④. After greeting her family⑤， Mulan changes back into her female clothing and visits her comrades. Her comrades see Mulan in female clothes, all amazed and confused⑥. During the 12 years in the army, they did not realise that Mulan was a woman.
[语法入门]
①处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰poem，know与poem之间为被动关系；
②处为动词不定式短语作decides的宾语；
③处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰post；
④处为动词不定式短语作状语；
⑤处为动名词短语作介词after的宾语；
⑥处为分词形容词在句中作状语。
学案中理清
非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ed形式 √ √ √ √
一、非谓语动词作主语：动词不定式与动词-ing形式
1．动词不定式作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式后置。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind、 nice、 foolish、 generous等，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描述不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.
和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他捐献了这么多，真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low-carbon life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2．动名词作主语
动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
(1)It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.
(2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.
It is no use coming before that.
在那之前来没有用。
There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.
现在为那件事担心没有意义。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It is possible _________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
②________________________ without taking action.
不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
③__________________________ is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
学会批判性地思考是现在的孩子未来需要的一项重要技能。
④It took years of hard work _________________________________
_______________.
减少工业污染和净化水质花了数年的努力。
to walk
It is no use complaining
Learning to think critically
to reduce the industrial pollution and
clean the water
二、非谓语动词作宾语：动词不定式与动词-ing形式
1．有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语，如：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, would like, pretend
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help
2.有些动词(短语)后只能跟动名词作宾语。(具体内容见UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ)
3．有些动词(短语)后既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。(具体内容见UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ)
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend __________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether _______ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
to catch
to bite
③(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ____________(record) everything I discovered.
④I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ________(stay) out with my friends too late.
⑤Minimize the impact of _________(visit) the place.
recording
staying
visiting
三、非谓语动词作表语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
1．动词不定式与动名词作表语
动词不定式作表语表示某一具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。
My dream is to become a great scientist.
我的梦想是成为一名伟大的科学家。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
2．分词作表语
表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词形式；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词形式。
The boy was frightened to see the dog.
这个男孩看到这只狗很害怕。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
① It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________(educate) about the areas.
②What I hate most is__________________.
我最讨厌的就是被嘲笑。
③I ________________________the presence of such a student.
我非常高兴有这样的一个学生在场。
educated
being laughed at
was very delighted at
④His explanation is ____________that most of us couldn't understand.
他的解释太令人费解了，以至于我们大多数人都无法理解。
⑤What he hoped was___________________________________.
他希望能被理想的大学录取。
so confusing
to be admitted into the ideal university
四、非谓语动词作定语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
1．动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。
Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)你有一封信要写吗？
Do you have the ability to read and write in English？(同位关系)
你有用英语读写的能力吗？
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing、 being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的房子是给老师们的。
The broken glass is Tom's.
这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done。doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。
boiling water　 正沸腾的水 　boiled water　 开水
3．动名词作定语
动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。
a walking stick＝a stick for walking　　 手杖
a sleeping car＝a car for sleeping 卧铺车
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2025·1月八省联考卷)At the same time, a language and its individual _________(write) forms make up the “soul” of a national tradition.
②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) The latest _____________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.
written
engineering
③(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ___________(recognize) home of the soup dumpling ...
⑤(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ______(build) system of ring roads.
inspired
recognized
built
五、非谓语动词作状语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
1．分词作状语
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。
Hearing the news, they got excited.
听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
2．动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.
看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do、so as to do、to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
为了通过考试，他努力学习。
(3)作目的状语的动词不定式表示的动作必须是主语发出的。
To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2025·1月八省联考卷)The goal was two-fold: ______________
(celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six tongues.
②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
to celebrate
to give
③(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)___________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.”
Recalling
④(2023·全国乙卷)________________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
⑤(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) _________(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
Having visited
to teach
六、非谓语动词作补语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
1．后接动词不定式作补语的动词及动词短语
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
advise　 建议　 allow　　 允许　　 ask　　 询问；要求
beg 恳求 cause 导致 encourage 鼓励
permit 准许 forbid 禁止 force 强迫
intend 打算 invite 邀请 order 命令；要求
persuade 说服 prefer 更喜欢 require 需要；要求
teach 教 remind 提醒 tell 告诉
want 想要 warn 警告 wish 希望；想要
wait for 等待 call on　 号召；要求　 depend on　依靠
She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向学生们解释了所有的规则，并要求每个人都要遵循这些规则。
He depends on you to help him with his English.
他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear、listen to)，三让(let、have、make)，五看(see、notice、observe、watch、look at)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)
没人看见他进来。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)
有人看见小偷进了银行。
(3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语：
sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/
thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.
据报道，那起事故中已有两人丧生。
2．非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see、watch、observe、look at、notice、hear、listen to、feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
(2)使役动词make、let、have、get后接复合宾语的情况：
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.
这个老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量让别人明白他的意思。
Don't let your child play computer games.
别让你的孩子玩电脑游戏。
Let the work be done immediately.
让这项工作立即完成。
He had the computer working all the night.
他让电脑工作了一夜。
He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。
She got her bike running very fast.
她骑自行车骑得非常快。
I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
3．动词leave、keep、find、catch后接非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况
[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2025·浙江1月高考) Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women ________(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
to rent
to be lifted
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left _________(want) more next time.
④But that's how nature is — always leaving us ___________
(astonish)．
wanting
astonished
应用中融通
Ⅰ.用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
→__________________________, he began to mow the lawn.
2．Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
→____________________________, I want to ask for your advice.
Having watered the garden
Not knowing what to do next
3．She awoke, so that she found herself lost in the forest.
→She awoke, ____________herself lost in the forest.
4．My brother makes paper planes every day.He is interested in it.
→My brother__________________________________________.
5．When I wandered through the gallery, I was attracted by paintings by Xu Beihong.
→_____________________________, I was attracted by paintings by Xu Beihong.
only to find
is interested in making paper planes every day
Wandering through the gallery
6．The girl who was riding a bike in front of the house was my little sister.
→______________________________________ was my little sister.
7．The room is crowded with a lot of equipment, so it looks a mess.
→_______________________________, the room looks a mess.
The girl riding a bike in front of the house
Crowded with a lot of equipment
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
①__________ (draw) inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries.Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou.The main principle of its design is ②____________ (recreate) natural landscapes in miniature. First
③____________ (establish) in the Ming Dynasty, the original garden contained a rockery ④___________ (symbolise) Tiantai Mountain.Pine and bamboo groves were added later, along with a pond and an
Drawing
to recreate
established
to symbolise
island.Visitors would be ⑤___________ (astonish) ⑥________ (find) the garden ⑦__________ (model) closely on natural features.Visitors are also supposed ⑧__________ (explore) it scene-by-scene.This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish, to a tree in blossom, a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.
astonished
to find
modeled
to explore
Ⅲ.根据提示补全短文
①_______________________________________________ (随着我校五十周年校庆的临近), we are going to hold an exhibition.We sincerely hope that all students will provide original artworks ②____ ____________________(以庆祝它的生日)．
With the 50th anniversary of our school approaching
to
celebrate its birthday
We will be happy ③_____________ (看到照片) of different school activities ④_______________________________ (给你留下了深刻的印象的)．Besides, you can write Chinese poems, ⑤__________________ ____________(分享你们的美好经历) of school life.More importantly, it is a good opportunity ⑥_________________________ (致以你最美好的祝福) to the school as well as display your colorful school life.Please send in your works before October 1st.We really appreciate everyone's ⑦_________________________ (积极参与)．
to see photos
sharing your sweet
experiences
to extend your best wishes
participating in it actively
leaving a deep impression on you
02
新知深化学习
1．Instead, they advocated going back to nature.
相反，他们提倡回归自然。
★advocate vt.拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师
|用|法|感|知|
·(“倡议”类写作佳句)I strongly advocate that we should make joint efforts to contribute to the youth football progress.
我强烈主张我们应该共同努力，为青少年足球运动的进步做出贡献。
·It's advocated that we should change our way of life and learn to exist in harmony with nature.
人们主张改变我们的生活方式，学会与自然和谐相处。
·It's well-known that he is a strong advocate of green lifestyles.
众所周知，他是绿色生活的大力倡导者。
[归纳点拨]
(1)advocate doing sth.　　　 提倡做某事
advocate that ...(should) do sth. 主张/提倡……做某事
it is advocated that ... 人们主张/支持……
(2)an advocate of sth. 某事的拥护者
a leading advocate 主要倡导者
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Many experts advocate _________(reduce) the amount of children's homework and also advocate that children _________________(give) more free time.
②She has always been an advocate ___changes to English spelling, to make it easier to learn.
③_________________ the whole society should work together to build a healthy and progressive culture atmosphere for students.　
人们倡议全社会共同努力为学生创建一个健康、进步的文化氛围。
reducing
(should) be given
of
It's advocated that
2．The poets also wrote about individual feelings and beliefs.
诗人也写有关个人情感和信仰方面的诗。
★belief n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心
|用|法|感|知|
·(“邀请”类写作佳句)I hold the firm belief that this year's music festival will make a deep impression on you.
我坚信今年的音乐节肯定能给你留下深刻的印象。
·No matter what happens, always believe that the things you desire may not happen today, but they will happen.
无论发生什么，要始终相信你渴望的事情(即使)今天可能不会发生，但它们(终究)会发生。
·It is commonly believed that the value of life lies not in the length of days, but in the use that we make of it.
人们普遍认为，生命的价值不在于寿命的长短，而在于我们如何利用它。
[归纳点拨]
(1)have belief in　　　　　 相信……
confirm one's belief 坚定某人的信念
hold the firm belief that 坚信……
(2)disbelief n. 不信；怀疑；疑惑
in disbelief 难以置信地；不相信地
(3)believe v. 相信
believe in 信任……
Sb./Sth.is believed to＝It is believed that ... 人们相信/认为……
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①In contrast to your ________(believe) that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed.
②My father has much belief ____doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.
③You can believe ____him; he'll never let you down.
belief
in
in
④We were amazed, shocked, dumbfounded, shaking our heads in __________(belief)．
⑤Advertising is often believed to be the most effective method of promotion.
→_________________ advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.
disbelief
It is believed that
03
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
I am in seventh-grade language arts class in an upstairs room in the old red-brick junior high school building.The afternoon sun streams through high windows that face the playground.It is the day I remember hearing this phrase for the first time：“the little/lame balloonman.”
It's from “in Just-”， the E．E.Cummings' poem we are reading.Mr Katz is trying to loosen up our adolescent imaginations to the point where we might appreciate figurative language.There are phrases like “the world is mud-/luscious”， and then “puddle-wonderful”．Something begins to grow in me as a reader: the mixture of descriptive words and words expressing action.
Words would be and do what they describe! I'd like to think Mr Katz was conspiring (密谋) with the poem, sun, spring and kid energy, not just a lesson plan.From then on, I was a new reader and writer.I look back on that poem as a starting line.I heard the call to poetry.
I would see “in Just-” in nearly every poem in my language arts life.It was in my very old A Pocket Book of Modern Verse, edited by Oscar Williams and in An Approach to Poetry, by X．J.Kennedy.I began to understand that a poet is describing the world, experience, or concepts in a way that antidotes dullness, commonness, and indifference.“Poetry provides the one permissible (许可的) way of saying one thing and meaning another，” Robert Frost explained.
Reading poems became a daily practice.I collect my own favorite expressions of life's joys and sufferings.I'm fond of Billy Collins' view：“The history of poetry is the only surviving history we have of human emotion.It is the history of the human heart.There is no other one.”
The special poems always lead me back to my memory of a sunny classroom, in junior high school when Mr Katz carefully brought us into a new field — a moment that got me out of middle school mundanity (尘俗)．Even the dance on Friday and my drum lesson on Wednesday afternoon paled in comparison.I was addicted to poetry.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者回忆起自己初中时上Katz先生的语言艺术课，对诗歌产生了喜爱，在之后的日子里作者开始阅读各位名家的诗歌，读诗成了每天的惯例。
1．What is Mr Katz trying to do in his class
A．Fire up students' interest in poetry.
B．Finish his lesson plan on time.
C．Teach students to write poems.
D．Use great words to express himself.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mr Katz is trying to loosen up our adolescent imaginations”以及第三段中的“I'd like to think Mr Katz was conspiring with the poem, sun, spring and kid energy, not just a lesson plan.”可知，Katz先生在课堂上想激发学生对诗歌的兴趣。
2．What does Robert Frost think of poetry
A．It makes the theme obvious.
B．It talks about practical concepts.
C．It carries underlying meaning.
D．It allows dullness and commonness.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘Poetry provides the one permissible way of saying one thing and meaning another，’ Robert Frost explained.”可推知，罗伯特·弗罗斯特认为诗歌有潜在的含义。
3．How did the author find his/her middle school
A．The dance on Friday was quite boring.
B．The language arts lesson was incomparable.
C．The school life remained generally the same.
D．The drum lesson on Wednesday was a piece of cake.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，这些诗歌把作者带回到了中学时代，其语言艺术课的美妙是无可比拟的。
4．What's the best title of the article
A．My junior school life B．Mr Katz's arts language lessons
C．My language arts life D．My love of poetry
√
解析：标题归纳题。文章中作者回忆起自己初中时上Katz先生的语言艺术课，对诗歌产生了喜爱，在之后的日子里作者开始阅读各位名家的诗歌，读诗成了每天的惯例。故D项“我对诗歌的热爱”适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Here's a story that illustrates the important role teachers play in their students' lives.
Mary's silence began after a 5 incident which caused her to believe her words would bring bad luck.Her family also chose to never 6 of the incident, so Mary could hardly receive any 7 and help she needed during those five years.
8 ， after Mary met her new teacher, Bella Flowers, everything changed.Bella 9 Mary's problem and gave her individual attention.
She told Mary, “Reading a lot is good, but not good enough.Words mean 10 what is set down on paper.It depends on the human voice to fill up the deeper meaning.” Her words 11 Mary and their relationship grew as Bella provided Mary with new books and increased her 12 to read more, which planted a seed of literature in her heart.
Although, for a long time, young Mary buried herself in the 13 ， she rejected to open her mouth.Bella 14 Mary's long silence by telling Mary that she was not really in love with poems until she read them aloud.Mary, 15 ， read out the first lines and heard the poem come alive from her own 16 .Eventually, at the age of 13, Mary began speaking again, and her 17 in literature also had a good start.
“I felt 18 and expected then, and what a difference my teacher has made！” said Mary, now a poet and writer.“It's my teacher's support that 19 me and has an impact throughout my life.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了埋头读书不肯开口的玛丽，在老师贝拉的鼓励下做出改变，最终成为一位诗人和作家的故事。
5．A.disturbing　　　　　　 B．rewarding
C．satisfying D．pleasing
√
解析：根据下文中“which caused her to believe her words would bring bad luck”可知，这是一件不好的事。
6．A.inform B．think
C．dream D．speak
√
解析：根据下文“so Mary could hardly receive any______and help she needed during those five years”可知，她的家人们也选择不再谈论这件事。
7．A.message B．support
C．promise D．lesson
8．A.Generally B．Clearly
C．Frankly D．Fortunately
√
√
解析：根据and后的“help”可知，这里应用support“支持”。
解析：根据下文“after Mary met her new teacher, Bella Flowers, everything changed”可知，新老师给玛丽带来了改变，这是幸运的。
9．A.solved B．raised
C．stopped D．noticed
10．A.rather than B．other than
C．more than D．less than
√
√
解析：根据and后的“gave her individual attention”可知，贝拉注意到了玛丽的问题。
解析：根据下文“It depends on the human voice to fill up the deeper meaning.”可知，话语的意义比纸上写的要多。
11．A.struck B．annoyed
C．shaped D．calmed
12．A.pressure B．motivation
C．challenge D．possibility
√
√
解析：根据下文“which planted a seed of literature in her heart”可知，贝拉的话打动了玛丽。
解析：根据上文“as Bella provided Mary with new books”可知，贝拉提升了她读书的动力。
13．A.words B．ideas
C．books D．seeds
14．A.broke through B．dealt with
C．struggled against D．cared for
√
√
解析：根据上文“Bella provided Mary with new books”可知，很长时间，玛丽都在埋头读书。
解析：根据下文“Mary,__________， read out the first lines”可知，贝拉打破了玛丽长久的沉默。
15．A.astonished B．encouraged
C．doubtful D．thankful
√
解析：根据上文“Bella ________Mary's long silence by telling Mary that she was not really in love with poems until she read them aloud.”可知，玛丽是受到了贝拉的鼓励。
16．A.hands B．mind
C．head D．lips
17．A.competition B．journey
C．imagination D．curiosity
√
√
解析：根据上文“Mary, _______， read out the first lines”可知，玛丽听到了从自己的嘴里发出的声音。
解析：根据下文“had a good start”可知，此处是指她的文学之旅。
18．A.moved B．impressed
C．accepted D．relaxed
19．A.changed B．limited
C．controlled D．honoured
√
√
解析：根据and后的“expected then”可知，这里说的是玛丽感到自己被接受、被期待。
解析：根据上文“_______， after Mary met her new teacher，Bella Flowers，everything changed.”可知，老师的支持改变了玛丽。
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)( )
Poetry is never far away from our daily lives.Many of us grew up reciting classic poems, learning to enjoy this beautiful art form that's able to use just a few lines 20 (express) such rich meanings.
The Chinese Shijing, which dates back 21 the Western Zhou Dynasty, has a 22 (long) history than the Homeric epics (荷马史诗)．Even today, classic poems are appreciated by a lot of people.
To recognize the special ability of poetry and get its 23 (create) spirit, World Poetry Day 24 (hold) by the United Nations on March 21 each year to support linguistic (语言的) diversity through poetic expression.
The Chinese Poetry Congress showing classic poetry is 25 (extreme) popular.The competition saw over 100 hopeful participants taking part in a number of challenges.The participants, 26 ages range from 7 to 70, include students, farmers, teachers and foreign 27 (compete) with an interest in Chinese literature.
And even TV series involving poetry are very 28 (success)．For example, in a TV drama that was popular nationwide, one of the drama's most moving songs was adapted from a poem 29 (write) by Wen Tingyun of the Tang Dynasty.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了诗歌在我们的日常生活中随处可见，离我们的生活并不遥远，并举例进行了说明。
20．to express　考查非谓语动词。use sth.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“使用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语，故填to express。
21．to　考查介词。date back to为固定短语，意为“追溯到……”，故填to。
22．longer　考查形容词比较级。根据空后“history than the Homeric epics”可知，应用形容词比较级，故填longer。
23．creative　考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰spirit，作定语，故填creative。
24．is held　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“each year”可知，应用一般现在时；主语World Poetry Day与hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，谓语动词也应用单数，故填is held。
25．extremely　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词popular，作状语，故填extremely。
26．whose　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the participants，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。
27．competitors　考查名词复数。此处与“students, farmers, teachers”并列，作动词include的宾语，应用名词的复数形式，故填competitors。
28．successful　考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语，故填successful。
29．written　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作非谓语，且a poem与write在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填written。UNIT 4　课时检测(三)　Grammar and usage
(标语篇配有教师讲评课件。选择题在答题区内作答，主观题在题后作答)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
I am in seventh-grade language arts class in an upstairs room in the old red-brick junior high school building.The afternoon sun streams through high windows that face the playground.It is the day I remember hearing this phrase for the first time：“the little/lame balloonman.”
It's from “in Just-”， the E．E.Cummings' poem we are reading.Mr Katz is trying to loosen up our adolescent imaginations to the point where we might appreciate figurative language.There are phrases like “the world is mud-/luscious”， and then “puddle-wonderful”．Something begins to grow in me as a reader: the mixture of descriptive words and words expressing action.
Words would be and do what they describe! I'd like to think Mr Katz was conspiring (密谋) with the poem, sun, spring and kid energy, not just a lesson plan.From then on, I was a new reader and writer.I look back on that poem as a starting line.I heard the call to poetry.
I would see “in Just-” in nearly every poem in my language arts life.It was in my very old A Pocket Book of Modern Verse, edited by Oscar Williams and in An Approach to Poetry, by X．J.Kennedy.I began to understand that a poet is describing the world, experience, or concepts in a way that antidotes dullness, commonness, and indifference.“Poetry provides the one permissible (许可的) way of saying one thing and meaning another，” Robert Frost explained.
Reading poems became a daily practice.I collect my own favorite expressions of life's joys and sufferings.
I'm fond of Billy Collins' view：“The history of poetry is the only surviving history we have of human emotion.It is the history of the human heart.There is no other one.”
The special poems always lead me back to my memory of a sunny classroom, in junior high school when Mr Katz carefully brought us into a new field — a moment that got me out of middle school mundanity (尘俗)．Even the dance on Friday and my drum lesson on Wednesday afternoon paled in comparison.I was addicted to poetry.
1．What is Mr Katz trying to do in his class
A．Fire up students' interest in poetry.
B．Finish his lesson plan on time.
C．Teach students to write poems.
D．Use great words to express himself.
2．What does Robert Frost think of poetry
A．It makes the theme obvious.
B．It talks about practical concepts.
C．It carries underlying meaning.
D．It allows dullness and commonness.
3．How did the author find his/her middle school
A．The dance on Friday was quite boring.
B．The language arts lesson was incomparable.
C．The school life remained generally the same.
D．The drum lesson on Wednesday was a piece of cake.
4．What's the best title of the article
A．My junior school life
B．Mr Katz's arts language lessons
C．My language arts life
D．My love of poetry
Ⅱ.完形填空
Here's a story that illustrates the important role teachers play in their students' lives.
Mary's silence began after a __5__ incident which caused her to believe her words would bring bad luck.Her family also chose to never __6__ of the incident, so Mary could hardly receive any __7__ and help she needed during those five years.
__8__， after Mary met her new teacher, Bella Flowers, everything changed.Bella __9__ Mary's problem and gave her individual attention.She told Mary, “Reading a lot is good, but not good enough.Words mean __10__ what is set down on paper.It depends on the human voice to fill up the deeper meaning.” Her words __11__ Mary and their relationship grew as Bella provided Mary with new books and increased her __12__ to read more, which planted a seed of literature in her heart.
Although, for a long time, young Mary buried herself in the __13__， she rejected to open her mouth.Bella __14__ Mary's long silence by telling Mary that she was not really in love with poems until she read them aloud.Mary, __15__， read out the first lines and heard the poem come alive from her own __16__.Eventually, at the age of 13, Mary began speaking again, and her __17__ in literature also had a good start.
“I felt__18__ and expected then, and what a difference my teacher has made！” said Mary, now a poet and writer.“It's my teacher's support that __19__ me and has an impact throughout my life.”
5．A.disturbing　　　　　　 B．rewarding
C．satisfying D．pleasing
6．A.inform B．think
C．dream D．speak
7．A.message B．support
C．promise D．lesson
8．A.Generally B．Clearly
C．Frankly D．Fortunately
9．A.solved B．raised
C．stopped D．noticed
10．A.rather than B．other than
C．more than D．less than
11．A.struck B．annoyed
C．shaped D．calmed
12．A.pressure B．motivation
C．challenge D．possibility
13．A.words B．ideas
C．books D．seeds
14．A.broke through B．dealt with
C．struggled against D．cared for
15．A.astonished B．encouraged
C．doubtful D．thankful
16．A.hands B．mind
C．head D．lips
17．A.competition B．journey
C．imagination D．curiosity
18．A.moved B．impressed
C．accepted D．relaxed
19．A.changed B．limited
C．controlled D．honoured
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)()
Poetry is never far away from our daily lives.Many of us grew up reciting classic poems, learning to enjoy this beautiful art form that's able to use just a few lines 20.____________ (express) such rich meanings.
The Chinese Shijing, which dates back 21.____________ the Western Zhou Dynasty, has a 22.____________ (long) history than the Homeric epics (荷马史诗)．Even today, classic poems are appreciated by a lot of people.
To recognize the special ability of poetry and get its 23.____________ (create) spirit, World Poetry Day 24.____________ (hold) by the United Nations on March 21 each year to support linguistic (语言的) diversity through poetic expression.
The Chinese Poetry Congress showing classic poetry is 25.____________ (extreme) popular.The competition saw over 100 hopeful participants taking part in a number of challenges.The participants, 26.____________ ages range from 7 to 70, include students, farmers, teachers and foreign 27.____________ (compete) with an interest in Chinese literature.
And even TV series involving poetry are very 28.____________ (success)．For example, in a TV drama that was popular nationwide, one of the drama's most moving songs was adapted from a poem 29.____________ (write) by Wen Tingyun of the Tang Dynasty.
UNIT 4　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者回忆起自己初中时上Katz先生的语言艺术课，对诗歌产生了喜爱，在之后的日子里作者开始阅读各位名家的诗歌，读诗成了每天的惯例。
1．选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mr Katz is trying to loosen up our adolescent imaginations”以及第三段中的“I'd like to think Mr Katz was conspiring with the poem, sun, spring and kid energy, not just a lesson plan.”可知，Katz先生在课堂上想激发学生对诗歌的兴趣。
2．选C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘Poetry provides the one permissible way of saying one thing and meaning another，’ Robert Frost explained.”可推知，罗伯特·弗罗斯特认为诗歌有潜在的含义。
3．选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，这些诗歌把作者带回到了中学时代，其语言艺术课的美妙是无可比拟的。
4．选D　标题归纳题。文章中作者回忆起自己初中时上Katz先生的语言艺术课，对诗歌产生了喜爱，在之后的日子里作者开始阅读各位名家的诗歌，读诗成了每天的惯例。故D项“我对诗歌的热爱”适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了埋头读书不肯开口的玛丽，在老师贝拉的鼓励下做出改变，最终成为一位诗人和作家的故事。
5．选A　根据下文中“which caused her to believe her words would bring bad luck”可知，这是一件不好的事。
6．选D　根据下文“so Mary could hardly receive any ________ and help she needed during those five years”可知，她的家人们也选择不再谈论这件事。
7．选B　根据and后的“help”可知，这里应用support“支持”。
8．选D　根据下文“after Mary met her new teacher, Bella Flowers, everything changed”可知，新老师给玛丽带来了改变，这是幸运的。
9．选D　根据and后的“gave her individual attention”可知，贝拉注意到了玛丽的问题。
10．选C　根据下文“It depends on the human voice to fill up the deeper meaning.”可知，话语的意义比纸上写的要多。
11．选A　根据下文“which planted a seed of literature in her heart”可知，贝拉的话打动了玛丽。
12．选B　根据上文“as Bella provided Mary with new books”可知，贝拉提升了她读书的动力。
13．选C　根据上文“Bella provided Mary with new books”可知，很长时间，玛丽都在埋头读书。
14．选A　根据下文“Mary, ________， read out the first lines”可知，贝拉打破了玛丽长久的沉默。
15．选B　根据上文“Bella ________ Mary's long silence by telling Mary that she was not really in love with poems until she read them aloud.”可知，玛丽是受到了贝拉的鼓励。
16．选D　根据上文“Mary, ________， read out the first lines”可知，玛丽听到了从自己的嘴里发出的声音。
17．选B　根据下文“had a good start”可知，此处是指她的文学之旅。
18．选C　根据and后的“expected then”可知，这里说的是玛丽感到自己被接受、被期待。
19．选A　根据上文“________， after Mary met her new teacher，Bella Flowers，everything changed.”可知，老师的支持改变了玛丽。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了诗歌在我们的日常生活中随处可见，离我们的生活并不遥远，并举例进行了说明。
20．to express　考查非谓语动词。use sth.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“使用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语，故填to express。
21．to　考查介词。date back to为固定短语，意为“追溯到……”，故填to。
22．longer　考查形容词比较级。根据空后“history than the Homeric epics”可知，应用形容词比较级，故填longer。
23．creative　考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰spirit，作定语，故填creative。
24．is held　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“each year”可知，应用一般现在时；主语World Poetry Day与hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，谓语动词也应用单数，故填is held。
25．extremely　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词popular，作状语，故填extremely。
26．whose　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the participants，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。
27．competitors　考查名词复数。此处与“students, farmers, teachers”并列，作动词include的宾语，应用名词的复数形式，故填competitors。
28．successful　考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语，故填successful。
29．written　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作非谓语，且a poem与write在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填written。
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