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Lesson 4 Thank you, Mr Pasteur!
Unit 5
Great inventions
01
02
学习目标
能够掌握本课时单词、短语和句型。
能够读懂对话，理解“pasteurized”的含义与目的，回答关于概念解释、原因、人物贡献等问题。
03
能够用英语谈论自己喜欢的发明，并书写介绍某一项发明。
pour /p (r)/ v.倒；下大雨
pasteurize/'pɑ st ra z/ v.用巴氏杀菌法消毒
process/'pr ses/ n.过程；流程
v.处理；加工
heat/hi t/ v.加热；（使）变暖
n.热；温度
raw /r :/ adj. 未经加工的；生的
新课讲授
New words
bacteria /b k't ri / n. 细菌
germ /d m/ n. 病菌；细菌；微生物
microbiologist / ma kr ba ' l d st/ n. 微生物学家
dairy /'de ri/ n. 牛奶场；乳品店；乳制品
adj. 牛奶的；乳品业的
scientist /'sa nt st/ n. 科学家
toast /t st/ n. 干杯；敬酒；烤面包片
v. 为……干杯；烤
A Do you drink milk every day Why
B Do you know how the milk we drink is processed
Yes. Because it gives me calcium for strong bones and teeth.
Yes. They heat it to kill bad bacteria (pasteurization), and then pack it.
1 Read the passage and answer the questions.
Read and answer
Reading
While pouring a glass of milk, Jeremy notices something written on the package.
Jeremy: Hey, Mum! I just noticed a big word on the carton. PASTEURIZED. What does it mean
Mum: Well, if something is pasteurized, it means that it has gone through a process of heating to a certain temperature.
Jeremy: Why do we heat milk
Mum: Raw milk has dangerous bacteria and germs. We must heat milk to 72 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds to kill them.
Jeremy: How did people discover that
Mum: Many years ago, people sometimes got sick when they drank milk. Some of them even died because of the bad bacteria.
Jeremy: Wow! Who created this heating process A dairy farmer or a scientist
Mum: It was Louis Pasteur, a French microbiologist. He invented the process around 1864.
Jeremy: That's a long time ago!
Mum: (She nods and adds.) Mr Pasteur was one of the greatest scientists. His work saved millions of lives around the world. He was famous for his work on germs.
Jeremy: (He raises his glass of milk in the air.) Well, here's a toast to you, Mr Pasteur. Thank you for making the world much safer.
A According to the passage, what does the word “PASTEURIZED” mean
B How did people know their milk needed to be heated
C How did Louis Pasteur's work make the world safer
It means the milk has been heated to a certain temperature to kill harmful bacteria.
2 Read the passage and answer the questions.
People sometimes got sick or died after drinking raw milk.
He invented pasteurization to kill harmful milk bacteria, saving lives.
Read the passage and complete the mind map below.
Raw
dangerous
sick
died
heating
72
15
French
greatest scientists
saved
3 Read the passage again and complete the paragraph with the correct forms of the words.
invent get solve heat kill
Pasteurization is a process that keeps milk safe from harmful bacteria by heating it. In the past, people sometimes ___________ sick or even died after drinking milk. To ___________ this problem, Pasteur __________ the process of pasteurization around 1864. He ____________ the milk to 72 degrees Celsius and kept it at that temperature for 15 seconds. Harmful bacteria and germs in the milk _____________, and the milk became safer to drink.
got
solve
invented
heated
were killed
Language points
1. While pouring a glass of milk, Jeremy notices something written on the package.
杰里米在倒一杯牛奶时，注意到包装上写着一些东西。
分析结构：这是主从复合句。从句是由While 引导的时间状语从句。此从句是省略结构，完整形式为：While Jeremy is pouring a glass of milk。Jeremy 是主句主语，notices 是谓语动词，something 是宾语，written on the package是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 something。
由while 引导的时间状语从句，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生，且从句中多为延续性动作，常与进行时态搭配。while 作连词，表示“当……时；在……期间”。通常在状语从句(时间、条件、让步、方式等) 中，当满足以下两个条件时，可省略从句的主语和 be 动词：
(1) 主从句主语一致：从句主语与主句主语为同一人或事物；
(2) 从句含 be 动词：从句谓语中包含 be 动词(am/is/are/was/were) 。
e.g. While walking in the park, she finds a beautiful flower.
在公园散步时，她发现了一朵美丽的花。
While I agree with you, I have to consider other opinions.
尽管我同意你的看法，但我还得考虑其他观点。
She is quiet and shy, while her sister is outgoing.
她文静且害羞，而她姐姐很外向。
She sang songs as she walked home. 她一边走回家，一边唱歌。
while 在句子中的其他用法：
(1) 作连词，表示“尽管”，用于句首。
(2) 作连词，表示“然而；却”，用于对比关系。其他引导时间状语从句的词：
(1) when 表示“当……时候”，既可以指时间段，也可以指时间点。
(2) as 表示“一边……一边……；随着”，强调主从句动作同时进行。
(3) before/after 表示“在……之前/ 后”，说明主句动作发生在从句动作之前/ 后。
pour 作动词，意为“倒”，可以接双宾语，pour sb. sth. = pour sth. for sb. 给……倒……。还可引申为“倾注情感、精力”。
常见搭配：(1) pour out 涌出；倒
(2) pour... into... 把……倒进……；向……投入……
(3) pour down (雨) 倾泻；(液体) 流下
e.g. Could you pour me a cup of coffee
=Could you pour a cup of coffee for me
你能给我倒杯咖啡吗？
She poured milk into the cup. 她把牛奶倒进杯子里。
He poured his heart and soul into the project.
他把全部心血倾注到这个项目中。
I’m going to pour out the tea for the guest. 我去给客人倒茶。
2. What does it mean
同义表达：What’s the meaning of it
What does ... mean
=What’s the meaning of...
e.g. What does this word mean
=What’s the meaning of this word
这个单词是什么意思？
3. Well, if something is pasteurized, it means that it has gone through a process of heating to a certain temperature. 嗯，如果某种东西经过了巴氏杀菌，意思是它经过了一道加热到特定温度的工序。
go through 的一词多义：(1) 表示“经历(困难、痛苦、变化等) ”，强调过程的持续性或复杂性。
(2) 表示“仔细检查 / 翻阅”。
(3) 表示“通过；获准”。
(4) 表示“消耗完某物”，宾语多为时间，金钱等。
e.g. She went through a difficult time after losing her job.
她失业后经历了一段艰难时期。
Go through your papers before handing them in. 交卷前仔细检查试卷。
The law has now gone through. 这项法律现在已获通过。
We went through all our savings to pay for the medical bills.
我们耗尽了所有积蓄来支付医药费。
process 作名词，意为“过程；流程”。
常用搭配：in the process of doing sth. 在做某事的过程中
a process of... ……的过程
in process 在进行中
process 还可作动词，意为“处理；加工”。
相关词：processed adj. 经过加工的
e.g. Learning a language is a long process.
学一门语言是一个漫长的过程。
We need to simplify the design process to save time.
我们需要简化设计流程以节省时间。
We’re still in the process of moving to the new office.
我们还在搬往新办公室的过程中。
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
我们买的大部分食品都用某种方法加工过。
heat 的一词多义：(1) heat 作动词，意为“加热；(使) 变暖”。
heat sth. up 加热某物 heat up 变热
(2) 作名词，意为“热；温度”，是不可数名词，指物体或环境的温度高低，或能量的一种形式。
at a high/low heat 在高/ 低温下
相关词汇：heater n. 加热器；炉子 heated adj. 加热了的；激烈的
e.g. Heat the oil and add the onions. 把油烧热后加入洋葱。
Could you heat up the soup for me
你能帮我把汤热一下吗？
The room had a comfortable heat. 房间里温度适宜。
The heat of the oven should be 200℃.
烤箱温度应设定为 200 摄氏度。
4. Raw milk has dangerous bacteria and germs.
raw /r / 熟义 adj. 生的；未经加工的
生义 adj. 原始的；无经验的；寒冷的
e.g. I like to eat raw vegetables in salads. 我喜欢在沙拉里吃生蔬菜。
The team spent weeks organizing the raw information.
团队花了几周时间整理原始信息。
She is a raw beginner and needs more training.
她是个新手，需要更多训练。
It had been a wet raw winter. 那是一个寒冷潮湿的冬天。
The young singer has raw talent but needs professional training.
这位年轻歌手有天赋但需要专业训练。
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions and take notes.
What's your favourite invention
Who invented it
How did it change our
lives
Discuss and write
Writing
5 Write a passage to introduce an invention.
Useful expressions
It was invented by...
It was invented in...
It has made a great difference in my life/our lives.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Polish your passage and hand it in.
Search on the internet to collect more information about Louis Pasteur.
Preview the next lesson.
Homework

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