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2025届湖北省八校联考高三下学期三模英语试题
一、A
（2025·湖北模拟） Here are several places which will surprise you.
Death Valley, California, USA
Very lively at night but completely dead during the day, this place is nothing but dry hot desert. It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even though less than a thousand people live there.
Kebili, Tunisia
Tunisia's close location to the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it should be nice and cool but Kebili is a desert town which has the highest temperature recorded at 55℃. The people inhabiting the area have adjusted to tough conditions and learned to spend most of their time in the shade. Date palms are one of the key features of this place.
Wādī Halfā, Sudan
The city is located on the shores of Lake Nubia, and dust storms are a pretty common thing in the summer. With an average temperature of 41℃, it still managed to make it to 53℃ in 1967. You would think that it should be a little bit cooler for it is the most northern place in Sudan.
Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran
It's another uninhabited desert which is actually getting super hot. In the past 20 years, the temperatures of 70℃ have been recorded. The salt desert spreads over 200 miles and even wildlife is not that spread. The place is popular with tourists and naturalists who would like to experience extreme landscapes.
1．What can we say about Death Valley
A．There is little rainfall in it.
B．Over 1, 000 people live there.
C．There is nothing but dry hot sand in it.
D．Its average temperature is 56.7℃.
2．Which place has the highest temperature ever recorded
A．Death Valley. B．Dasht-e Lut Desert.
C．Wādī Halfā. D．Kebili.
3．What do the four places have in common
A．They are places suitable to settle in.
B．They are located close to deserts.
C．They are the hottest places on earth.
D．They are more popular with tourists than other places.
【答案】1．A
2．B
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几处会令人感到惊奇的地方，包括美国加利福尼亚州的死亡谷、突尼斯的凯比利、苏丹的瓦迪哈勒法以及伊朗的卢特沙漠，讲述了这些地方的极端高温情况及其他一些特点。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．推理判断题。根据Death Valley, California, USA部分中的"Very lively at night but completely dead during the day, this place is nothing but dry hot desert. It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even though less than a thousand people live there." 这个地方晚上很热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，只不过是干热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干旱的地方，这个地方实际上有人居住，尽管那里只有不到1000人。可知 Death Valley是美国最干旱的地区；由此可知，这个地方很少下雨。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Death Valley, California, USA部分中的"It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. "它实际上保持着最高气温的记录。它的平均气温为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录；Kebili, Tunisia部分中的"Tunisia's close location to the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it should be nice and cool but Kebili is a desert town which has the highest temperature recorded at 55℃."突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃；Wādī Halfā, Sudan部分中的"With an average temperature of 41℃, it still managed to make it to 53℃ in 1967. "这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃；以及Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran部分中的"It's another uninhabited desert which is actually getting super hot. In the past 20 years, the temperatures of 70℃ have been recorded."这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，已有温度达到了70℃的记录。可知，有记载的最高温度在伊朗的Dasht-e Lut 沙漠，达到70℃。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据Death Valley, California, USA部分中的"Very lively at night but completely dead during the day, this place is nothing but dry hot desert. It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even though less than a thousand people live there."晚上非常热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，这个地方只不过是干燥炎热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46℃，但在1913年已达到56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干燥的地方，这个地方实际上也有人居住，尽管只有不到一千人居住在那里；Kebili, Tunisia部分中的"Tunisia's close location to the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it should be nice and cool but Kebili is a desert town which has the highest temperature recorded at 55℃. The people inhabiting the area have adjusted to tough conditions and learned to spend most of their time in the shade."突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃。居住在该地区的人们已经适应了恶劣的条件，并学会了大部分时间都在阴凉处度过；Wādī Halfā, Sudan部分中的"The city is located on the shores of Lake Nubia, and dust storms are a pretty common thing in the summer. With an average temperature of 41℃, it still managed to make it to 53℃ in 1967. "这座城市位于努比亚湖畔，沙尘暴在夏天是很常见的事情。这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃；以及Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran部分中的"It's another uninhabited desert which is actually getting super hot. In the past 20 years, the temperatures of 70℃ have been recorded. The salt desert spreads over 200 miles and even wildlife is not that spread. The place is popular with tourists and naturalists who would like to experience extreme landscapes. "这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，气温达到了70℃。盐沙漠绵延200多英里，甚至连野生动物都没有那么广泛。这个地方很受想体验极端风景的游客和博物学家的欢迎。可知，这四个地区共同之处是它们都是地球上最热的地方。故选C。
二、B
（2025·湖北模拟） Recently I bought a book about signposts. Signposts aren't very interesting, you're thinking. Well, that, of course, depends on whether you happen to be lost! Ancient travelers would have been grateful forthesewhen settlements were smaller and further apart. In winter, the ability to reach shelter for the night could be the difference between life and death.
One of the very earliest way-marks discovered is in Cumbria. Dating from Roman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft (碑文). There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries. It wasn't until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built.
This applied to remote parts of the country where there might be confusion as to which path led to the nearest market town. Later, with the appearance of the Royal Mail, the number rose still further. Nowadays many of these early road signs are designated (指定) as Listed Monuments.
"How times change!" Lucy, an enthusiastic walker, to whom I loaned the book, exclaimed.
"I suppose now we all rely far more upon mobile phones to guide us."
"Yet they aren't perfect. Whenever I go out, I prefer a map. I never have to worry about running out of battery." "I'm always grateful to whoever is placing way-markers along the route," she added, "I suppose that however sure we are, a little outside confirmation is always welcome."
Lucy is quite right there. Life itself can offer us a great many choices of path, and sometimes it isn't easy to know if we've chosen the best one.
Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them — either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track. After all, we'd be lost without them!
4．What does the underlined word "these " in the first paragraph refer to
A．Signposts. B．Abilities. C．Settlements. D．Shelters.
5．What contributed to the initial spread of signposts
A．The market trade. B．The act passed in 1697.
C．The discovery of the sandstone. D．The appearance of the Royal Mail.
6．What does Lucy think of signposts
A．Popular. B．Outdated. C．Imperfect. D．Helpful.
7．What does the author learn from signposts
A．To choose right tracks. B．To live a colorful life.
C．To have a grateful mind. D．To offer practical choices.
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了路标的历史和作用，引发对生活中指引的思考，指出我们应对那些在关键时刻出现、为我们指引正确方向或给予警示的人心怀感激，因为他们如同路标一样，让我们在生活中不至于迷失。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．代词指代题。根据第一段中的"Recently I bought a book about signposts. Signposts aren't very interesting, you're thinking. Well, that, of course, depends on whether you happen to be lost!"最近我买了一本关于路标的书。你在想，路标没什么意思。嗯，那当然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了；以及"Ancient travelers would have been grateful forthesewhen settlements were smaller and further apart."当定居点更小、距离更远的时候，古代旅行者会很感激这些。可知，划线单词these指的就是上文中提到的路标。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段"One of the very earliest waymarks discovered is in Cumbria. Dating from Roman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft (碑文). There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries. It wasn't until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built."最早发现的路标之一是在坎布里亚郡。它始建于罗马时代，直到1836年，一个农民在耕地时偶然发现了一个砂岩井。还有一些石柱已经矗立在路边几个世纪了。直到1697年才通过一项法案，宣布必须建造路标。可知，1697年通过的法案促成了路标最初的传播。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第六段"‘Yet they aren't perfect. Whenever I go out, I prefer a map. I never have to worry about running out of battery.' ‘I'm always grateful to whoever is placing way-markers along the route,' she added, ‘I suppose that however sure we are, a little outside confirmation is always welcome.'" "然而，它们并不完美。无论我什么时候出去，我都喜欢带着地图。我从来不用担心没电了。"无论谁在沿途设置路标，我都很感激，"她补充说，"我想，无论我们多么确定，一点外界的确认总是受欢迎的。"可推知，露西对路标的看法是认为它是有帮助的。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them — either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track."也许说到感恩，我们也应该感谢那些在我们最需要他们的时候出现在我们生活中的人——他们要么温和地警告我们可能走错了方向，要么安慰我们走在正确的道路上。毕竟，没有他们我们会迷路的！可推知，作者从路标中学到了要有感恩的心。故选C。
三、C
（2025·湖北模拟） Scientists at Purdue University created the world's whitest paint — a discovery that not only adds yet another choice to the "which white should we paint this wall" dilemma, but also might help the climate crisis.
The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team. It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming. "When we started this project seven years ago, we had saving energy and fighting climate change in mind," Ruan said in a podcast (播客) episode of This Is Purdue. They wanted to create a paint that would reflect sunlight away from a building, dramatically decreasing the need for air conditioning.
Heating, cooling, and lighting account for 28 percent of the world's total greenhouse gas emissions. And overusing air conditioning can overwhelm a city's power grid and cause blackouts (停电). In a Queens blackout in 2006, 175,000 people were left without power, which lead to 40 deaths. This paint could effectively be an alternative to air conditioners in some places.
The paint reflects 98.1%of solar radiation while also giving out infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat from the sun than it gives out, a surface coated with this paint is cooled below the surrounding temperature without using power. Covering a roof area of 1,000 square feet with the paint could create 10 kilowatts ofcooling power, the researchers found."That's more powerful than the air conditioners used by most houses,"Ruan told This Is Purdue.
You can't buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a company to put the paint on the market. While individual action to fight elimate change can help save our planet, it's important to note that the vast majority of the world's greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to 100companies. Maybe we can douse(浇) those companies with this white paint, too — it could be worth a shot.
8．What is known about the paint
A．It has different colors. B．It doesn't cost much.
C．It uses heating technology. D．It is climate-friendly.
9．What is the Queens blackout mentioned to show
A．The poor management of power. B．The significance of the paint.
C．The importance of air conditioning. D．The result of global warming.
10．Which aspect of the paint is talked about in Paragraph 4
A．Its application. B．Its function.
C．Its composition. D．Its disadvantage.
11．What can be learned from the last paragraph
A．The quality of the paint needs improving.
B．The paint will bring profits to the 100 companies.
C．Researchers want to see the paint in commercial use.
D．Individual efforts matter in creating the whitest paint.
【答案】8．D
9．B
10．B
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，普渡大学科学家研发出世界上最白的涂料，该涂料通过被动冷却技术能反射大部分太阳辐射并释放红外线热量，可降低建筑对空调的需求，减少空间制冷成本和全球变暖影响，虽尚未上市但前景可期；同时指出个人行动虽有助于应对气候变化，但全球大部分温室气体排放源于少数公司，引发对更广泛减排举措的思考 。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team. It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming."这种涂料是由普渡大学机械工程教授阮秀林和他的团队开发的。它的工作原理是一种被动冷却技术，这种技术很有希望降低空间冷却成本和全球变暖。可知，关于涂料我们知道它是气候友好型的。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"In a Queens blackout in 2006,175,000 people were left without power, which lead to 40 deaths. This paint could effectively be an alternative to air conditioners in some places."在2006年皇后区的一次大停电中，17.5万人没有电，导致40人死亡。在一些地方，这种涂料可以有效地替代空调。可推知，皇后区停电事件是为了说明涂料的意义。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"The paint reflects 98.1%of solar radiation while also giving out infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat from the sun than it gives out, a surface coated with this paint is cooled below the surrounding temperature without using power. Covering a roof area of 1,000 square feet with the paint could create 10 kilowatts ofcooling power, the researchers found. ‘That's more powerful than the air conditioners used by most houses,'Ruan told This Is Purdue."这种涂料能反射98.1%的太阳辐射，同时还能发出红外线。由于这种涂料从太阳吸收的热量比散发的热量少，涂上这种涂料的表面可以在不使用电力的情况下冷却到周围温度以下。研究人员发现，用这种涂料覆盖1000平方英尺的屋顶可以产生10千瓦的冷却功率。"这比大多数家庭使用的空调更强大，"阮告诉This Is Purdue。可知，第四段主要谈论了涂料的功能方面的内容。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段"You can't buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a company to put the paint on the market. While individual action to fight elimate change can help save our planet, it's important to note that the vast majority of the world's greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to 100companies. Maybe we can douse(浇) those companies with this white paint, too — it could be worth a shot."你现在还不能买到这种涂料，但研究人员正在与一家公司合作，将这种涂料推向市场。虽然个人行动对抗气候变化可以帮助拯救我们的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上绝大多数温室气体排放可以追溯到100家公司。也许我们可以把这些公司也涂上这种白漆——值得一试。可推知，研究人员希望看到这种涂料在商业上的应用。故选C。
四、D
（2025·湖北模拟） Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot.
Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice (牺牲) the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others. They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场).
The authors then presented 767 U. S. participants, who were on average 39 years old, with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person's life to save five others. Before answering, participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five. Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers.
Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read. However, the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments.
The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chatbots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.
12．What are ChatGPT's answers to a certain moral stance like according to Paragraph 2
A．Inconsistent. B．Valuable. C．Creative. D．Simple.
13．What is learned about the participants
A．They admitted the power of ChatGPT.
B．They were interviewed by a moral advisor.
C．They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly.
D．They were presented with different moral dilemmas.
14．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Different findings of the study.
B．Future potentials for chatbots.
C．Major focuses of future education.
D．Solutions to the impact of chatbots.
15．What is the best title for the text
A．ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics
B．ChatGPT: Is It Likely to Affect Our Life
C．ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us So Nervous
D．ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments
【答案】12．A
13．C
14．D
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；段落大意；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项发表于《科学报告》的研究表明，人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写的陈述会影响人类对道德困境的反应，用户可能低估了自身道德判断受聊天机器人影响的程度。研究人员让ChatGPT就"牺牲一人救五人"的道德困境给出不同陈述，然后让美国参与者阅读相关陈述后作答，尽管多数参与者称陈述未影响其答案，但实际结果显示他们可能低估了这种影响。作者由此指出，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜在可能性凸显了开展教育以助人类更好理解人工智能的必要性，并提议未来研究应设计拒绝回答道德判断问题或提供多种论点和警告的聊天机器人。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和标题归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场)."他们发现，ChatGPT随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场。可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回答不一致。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments."这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响。可知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。故选C。
14．段落大意题。根据最后一段"The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chatbots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings."作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们提出，未来的研究应该设计出这样的聊天机器人：要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题。可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。故选D。
15．标题归纳题。根据第一段中的"Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports."发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写言论的影响；以及倒数第二段中的"This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments."这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响；并结合文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。可知"ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断"适合做文章标题。故选D。
五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2025·湖北模拟） Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with.　16． 　 Here are a few tips that will eventually help you lift the spirit of a sad person.
Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care.　17． 　 This can make them feel relaxed and open to you. This can also help them recognize that you are there to help them go through this moment. With no kind and loving words, your actions have already said a lot.
　18． 　 Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like "I'm here", "we are in this together", "you'll get over this", "lean on me" and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you're there to take him/her through the sad moment.
Use the right tone of voice.　19． 　 They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener. To convey your words with faith that would create a positive effect on the sad person, you would need to say it with the right tone of voice.
Listen patiently. People ask lots of questions but they end up paying little attention to getting the feedback (反馈) that they wanted. Don't be that person. After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time.　20． 　
A. Say kind loving words.
B. Make use of polite expressions.
C. Then choose to appreciate others too.
D. Remember that words do not stand alone.
E. It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help.
F. This knowledge is gained through research and practice.
G. When you do this to someone, they can feel your warmth.
【答案】16．F；17．G；18．A；19．D；20．E
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，指出人们并非天生就懂得如何照顾伤心的人，随后给出了一些能最终帮助提振伤心者情绪的建议，包括给予拥抱、说贴心话、使用恰当的语调以及耐心倾听。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with."学习如何关心一个伤心的人会帮助你在你爱的人和朋友倒下的时候陪在他们身边。然而，知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的。提到"知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的"，说明需要通过研究和实践获得，F. This knowledge is gained through research and practice."这些知识是通过研究和实践获得的"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
17．根据空前"Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care."给一个拥抱。拥抱某人表示你的爱和关心；以及空后"This can make them feel relaxed and open to you."这会让他们感到放松，对你敞开心扉。可知，拥抱某人表示你的爱和关心，所以当你对别人这样做时，他们能感受到你的温暖。G. When you do this to someone, they can feel your warmth."当你对别人这样做时，他们能感受到你的温暖"指出拥抱某人的好处，承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
18．根据空后"Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like ‘I'm here', ‘we are in this together', ‘you'll get over this', ‘lean on me' and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you're there to take him/her through the sad moment."现在，继续说几句好话吧。像"我在这里"、"我们在一起"、"你会挺过来的"、"依靠我"之类的话，可以帮助悲伤的人感觉好一点，让他们知道你会陪着他/她度过悲伤的时刻。可知，本段主要关于对别人说一些暖心的话语， A. Say kind loving words. "说些亲切的爱的话"符合语境，故选A。
19．根据空前"Use the right tone of voice."使用正确的语气；以及空后"They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener."它们配合语气向听者传达意思。提到言语配合语气向听者传达意思，说明不是孤立的，D选项words对应后文they。 D. Remember that words do not stand alone. "记住，言语不是孤立的"承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
20．根据空前"After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time."问完问题后，耐心地听，知道那个悲伤的人当时会感激什么。可知此处应承接上文说明倾听的作用：帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助， E. It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help. "它将帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助"承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2025·湖北模拟） I've been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut (黑核桃树)．In late September or early October, falling fruits as 21． as baseballs put your head at risk.Patio (露台) umbrellas are a 22． while dining in the garden beginning in early August, and because of the amount of fruit this season, I 23． my helmet while working in the garden.
Also, the black walnut produces a chemical substance (物质) through its roots as a 24． strategy, which is poisonous to several common plants.
There have been many new plant varieties I brought home with 25． that the walnut would 26． accept them, but they all failed to grow well.
What does 27． are native plants that naturally grow in the area. They are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and 28． to a healthy environment. Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less 29． ．
Have I thought of getting rid of this giant 30． in my backyard Yes, 31． , removing this tree standing at 50 feet is next to impossible. I'm also 32． under the tree. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that live in it. Trees absorb air pollution and keep cities cooler and more livable. They are home to many birds and insect species and are 33． for keeping our environment balanced.
Sometimes, I 34． my life without the black walnut. I can't 35． a spring without the birds who arrive every year and sing loudly before dawn. I miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I look up into its leaves before the 36． threaten to fall.
Every spring, I wonder what the season 37． : What are the chances of being knocked 38． while barbecuing Like any good relationship, I'll never be pleased. I'm stuck with this tree, so I'll listen to its needs and give it the space it 39． . In return, my walnut offers a home to wildlife and a reminder that 40． , instead of resistance, is the better way to be.
21．A．aggressive B．powerful C．fast D．hard
22．A．comfort B．must C．favor D．decision
23．A．carry B．keep C．wear D．prepare
24．A．competitive B．basic C．conservative D．successful
25．A．hopes B．curiosity C．directions D．enthusiasm
26．A．suddenly B．generally C．possibly D．carefully
27．A．improve B．work C．stand D．change
28．A．relate B．adapt C．contribute D．stick
29．A．harm B．disaster C．survival D．stress
30．A．assignment B．thrill C．pain D．treasure
31．A．however B．even C．instead D．somehow
32．A．planted B．protected C．removed D．managed
33．A．suitable B．practical C．responsible D．necessary
34．A．live through B．think about C．focus on D．call for
35．A．see B．welcome C．forget D．imagine
36．A．nuts B．worries C．trees D．branches
37．A．produces B．values C．holds D．undertakes
38．A．unbearable B．unbelievable C．unable D．unconscious
39．A．requires B．saves C．chooses D．creates
40．A．patience B．acceptance C．preference D．tolerance
【答案】21．D；22．B；23．C；24．A；25．A；26．C；27．B；28．C；29．D；30．C；31．A；32．B；33．D；34．B；35．D；36．A；37．C；38．D；39．A；40．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己与院子里一棵黑核桃树长达18年的爱恨纠葛，黑核桃树带来诸多麻烦，作者也曾想过移除它，但因其高大且对环境意义重大而放弃。最终作者意识到应接纳这棵树，与其和谐共处，接受自然带来的事物而非一味抗拒。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：在9月底或10月初，像棒球一样坚硬的落果会让你的头处于危险之中。A：aggressive"好斗的"；B：powerful"强大的"；C：fast"快速的"；D：hard " 硬的 "。根据空后"as baseballs put your head at risk"可知，此处描述胡桃树上落下的果实很硬。故选D。
22．句意：从8月初开始，在花园里用餐时，遮阳伞是必不可少的。由于这个季节水果量大，我在花园里工作时戴上了头盔。A：comfort"安慰"；B：must"必不可少的事物"；C：favor"赞成、喜爱"；D：decision " 决定 "。根据空后"while dining in the garden beginning in early August"可知，8月初天气热，作者他们要在花园里用餐，所以遮阳伞是必不可少的。故选B。
23．句意：从8月初开始，在花园里用餐时，遮阳伞是必不可少的。由于这个季节水果量大，我在花园里工作时戴上了头盔。 A：carry"携带"；B：keep"保持"；C：wear"穿戴"；D：prepare" 准备"。根据上文"In late September or early October, falling fruits as 1 as baseballs put your head at risk."在9月底或10月初，像棒球一样坚硬的落果会让你的头处于危险之中；以及空前"because of the amount of fruit this season"可知，这个季节会有果子落下，所以要戴上头盔，以防被坚硬的果子砸到头。故选C。
24．句意：此外，黑核桃树通过其根部产生一种化学物质，作为一种竞争策略，对几种常见植物有毒。A：competitive"有竞争力的"；B：basic"基本的"；C：conservative"保守的"；D：successful " 成功的 "。根据空后"which is poisonous to several common plants"可知，这是黑核桃树要和其它几种常见植物竞争地下的养分。故选A。
25．句意：我带回了很多新的植物品种，希望核桃树能接受它们，但它们都没能长得好。A：hopes"希望"；B：curiosity"好奇心"；C：directions"指导"；D：enthusiasm" 热情 "。根据空后"that the walnut would 6 accept them"可知，这是作者希望的事情。故选A。
26．句意：我带回了很多新的植物品种，希望核桃树能接受它们，但它们都没能长得好。A：suddenly "突然地"；B：generally"大体上"；C：possibly"可能"；D：carefully " 仔细地 "。根据空后"but they all failed to grow well"可知，作者只是希望黑核桃树有可能接受他带来的新植物。故选C。
27．句意：真正起作用的是当地自然生长的植物。A：improve"改善"；B：work"起作用"；C：stand "站立"；D：change" 改变 "。根据下文"They are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and 8 to a healthy environment."它们很重要，因为它们为鸟类、蜜蜂和蝴蝶等有益的传粉者提供种子，并有助于健康的环境。可知，此处指对植物起作用的东西。故选B。
28．句意：它们很重要，因为它们为鸟类、蜜蜂和蝴蝶等有益的传粉者提供种子，并有助于健康的环境。A：relate"与......有关"；B：adapt"适应"；C：contribute"贡献"；D：stick " 粘 "。根据空前"they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds"可知，这些是对健康的环境有益的东西，contribute to固定短语，"有助于"。故选C。
29．句意：该地区的本地植物通常易于生长，因此压力较小。A：harm"害处"；B：disaster"灾难"；C：survival"幸存"；D：stress " 压力 "。根据空前"Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow"可知，该地区的本地植物通常易于生长，因此和其它植物竞争的压力较小。故选D。
30．句意：我有没有想过摆脱后院的巨大痛苦？A：assignment"任务"；B：thrill"激动"；C：pain "疼痛"；D：treasure " 宝藏 "。根据空前"getting rid of"；以及上文"In late September or early October, falling fruits as 1 as baseballs put your head at risk."在9月底或10月初，像棒球一样坚硬的落果会让你的头处于危险之中。可知，此处指作者后院的黑核桃树，所以对他来说是巨大的痛苦。故选C。
31．句意：是的，然而，移除这棵50英尺高的树几乎是不可能的。A：however"然而"；B：even"甚至"；C：instead"相反"；D：somehow "不知怎么地 "。根据上文"Have I thought of getting rid of this giant 10 in my backyard "我有没有想过摆脱后院的巨大痛苦？；以及空后"removing this tree standing at 50 feet is next to impossible"可知，作者想过要移除黑核桃树，但是又不可能做到，所以上下文是转折的关系。故选A。
32．句意：我也受到这棵树的保护。A：planted"种植"；B：protected"保护"；C：removed"移除"；D：managed " 管理 "。根据下文"Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that live in it."树木对城市森林和所有生活在其中的人都很重要。可知，树木保护人类，也包括作者。故选B。
33．句意：它们是许多鸟类和昆虫的家园，是保持环境平衡所必需的。A：suitable"合适的"；B：practical"实际的"；C：responsible"负责的"；D：necessary" 必要的 "。根据空后"for keeping our environment balanced"可知，树木对保持环境平衡来说是必需的。故选D。
34．句意：有时，我会思考没有黑核桃树的生活。A：live through"度过"；B：think about"考虑"；C：focus on"集中"；D：call for " 需要 "。根据下文"I can't 15 a spring without the birds who arrive every year and sing loudly before dawn. I miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I look up into its leaves before the 16 threaten to fall."我无法想象一个春天没有每年都会到来并在黎明前高声歌唱的鸟儿。我怀念周末慵懒的下午，当我抬头望着它的叶子，在坚果快要掉下来之前睡着。可知，作者有时候会思考没有黑核桃树的生活。故选B。
35．句意：我无法想象一个春天没有每年都会到来并在黎明前高声歌唱的鸟儿。A：see"看见"；B：welcome"欢迎"；C：forget"忘记"；D：imagine " 想象 "。根据上文"Sometimes, I 14 _ my life without the black walnut."有时，我会思考没有黑核桃树的生活。可知，作者无法想象没有黑核桃树的生活。故选D。
36．句意：我怀念周末慵懒的下午，当我抬头望着它的叶子，在坚果快要掉下来之前睡着。A：nuts"坚果"；B：worries"担心"；C：trees"树"；D：branches" 分支 "。根据空前"as I look up into its leaves"；以及空后"threaten to fall"可知，此处指黑核桃树的果实，属于坚果。故选A。
37．句意：每年春天，我都想知道这个季节是什么样的：在烧烤时被打晕的可能性有多大？A：produces "生产"；B：values"珍惜"；C：holds"抓住"；D：undertakes" 承担 "。根据空后"What are the chances of being knocked 185 while barbecuing "可知，此处指春天有的东西。故选C。
38．句意：每年春天，我都想知道这个季节是什么样的：在烧烤时被打晕的可能性有多大？A：unbearable"难以容忍的"；B：unbelievable"难以相信的"；C：unable"不能够的"；D：unconscious " 无意识的 "。根据空后"while barbecuing"可知，此处指在作者烧烤的时候会被黑核桃树上落下的果子打晕是意识不到的。故选D。
39．句意：我被这棵树困住了，所以我会倾听它的需求，给它所需的空间。A：requires"要求"；B：saves"挽救"；C：chooses"选择"；D：creates " 创造 "。根据空前"so I'll listen to its needs and give it the space"可知，作者会倾听黑核桃树的需求，给它所需的空间。故选A。
40．句意：作为回报，我的核桃树为野生动物提供了家园，并提醒我们接受而非抵抗才是更好的处世之道。A：patience"耐心"；B：acceptance"接受"；C：preference"偏好"；D：tolerance"容忍 "。根据空后"instead of resistance"可知，这里指的是要接受，而不是抵抗。故选B。
七、第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2025·湖北模拟）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three million years may seem like a long time. But when you consider that planet Earth is more than 4. 5 billion years old, it is a pretty short period of time.
The blue whale,　41． 　(weigh) more than even the biggest dinosaurs, is the largest animal　42． 　 has ever lived. They can grow to 30 meters long and be as heavy as 130, 000 kilograms. But for millions of years, they were not nearly that large, scientists said. "All of a sudden — ‘boom' — we see　43． 　(they) get very big," said scientist Nick Pyenson. He and other　44． 　 (researcher) recently published an article on whale size. "It's like going from whales the size of minivans (面包车) to longer than two school buses," Pyenson added.
The scientists believe　45． 　 caused whales to get so large was a change in the Earth's climate only about 3 million years ago. This change led to food becoming more　46． 　(easy) available.　47． 　 oncoming ice age made the ocean water cold and　48． 　(bring) more nutrients, resulting in more food for large whales. Whales which were able to quickly-eat a lot of food survived, and got　49． 　 (large). "Over the next three or four million years, the blue whales grew 10 times bigger than they　50． 　(be)," the scientists said.
【答案】41．weighing；42．that；43．them；44．researchers；45．what；46．easily；47．An；48．brought；49．larger；50．had been
【知识点】说明文；科普类；an；brought；easily；large；researcher；that；them；weigh；what
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，指出三百万年在地球45亿多年的历史中是很短的时间，接着以蓝鲸为例，说明科学家认为约三百万年前地球气候的变化，使食物更易获取，导致蓝鲸体型变得巨大，在接下来的三四百万年里，蓝鲸体型增长到原来的十倍。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，定语从句，代词，名词，主语从句，副词，冠词，时态，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：蓝鲸，体重甚至超过了最大的恐龙，是有史以来最大的动物。 weigh "重量为"，动词，此处作后置定语，应用非谓语动词，与主语whales逻辑上是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式，故填weighing。
42．句意：蓝鲸，体重甚至超过了最大的恐龙，是有史以来最大的动物。 has ever lived 是限制性定语从句，先行词是animal，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前有形容词最高级修饰，应用关系代词that，故填that。
43．句意："突然之间，我们看到它们变得非常大。" 科学家Nick Pyenson说。 they "它们"，人称代词主格。此处作动词see的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式，故填them。
44．句意：他和其他的研究人员最近就鲸鱼体型大小发表了一篇文章。researcher"研究人员"，可数名词，other后接可数名词的复数形式，表示"其他的研究人员"。故填researchers。
45．句意：科学家们认为，导致鲸鱼长得如此之大的原因是大约300万年前地球气候的变化。 caused whales to get so large shi 主语从句，引导词在主语从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，故填what。
46．句意：这一变化导致食物变得更容易获得。 easy "容易的"，形容词。此处应用副词形式easily，修饰后面的形容词available，作状语，故填easily。
47．句意：即将到来的冰河时代使海水变冷，带来了更多的营养物质，因此对大型鲸鱼来说有了更多的食物。age在句中用作可数名词，此处泛指"即将到来的冰河时代"，应用不定冠词，且oncoming是以元音音素开头，应用an，首字母应大写。故填An。
48．句意：即将到来的冰河时代使海水变冷，带来了更多的营养物质，因此对大型鲸鱼来说有了更多的食物。 bring "带来" ，是谓语动词，是and连接的并列谓语动词，句子是一般过去时，空处应和made保持一致，用动词过去式。故填brought。
49．句意：能够快速吃掉大量食物的鲸鱼幸存下来，并且变得更大。 large "大的"，形容词。根据句意可知，吃得多的鲸鱼存活下来，体型变得更大，而且前文一直探讨的是体积的变大，故此处应该使用形容词比较级。故填larger。
50．句意："在接下来的三四百万年里，蓝鲸的体型比原来大了10倍。"科学家们说。此处be表示的动作发生在动词"grew"之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had been。
八、第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
51．（2025·湖北模拟）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加个漏字符号（/\）， 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
With the development of network, distance learning is gaining more popular. People's opinions about it varies from one to another. In my opinion, it won't replace with traditional learning. Firstly, it isn't suitably for students who prefer direct communication with teachers. What's bad, studying online too long will do harm to students' eyes. However, it is its flexibility in time and place which benefits teaching and learning. Also, it releases teachers from repeat the same contents since the video or audio materials can played repeatedly. So it is a effective addition to traditional learning.
Briefly, the combination of distance learning and traditional learning can help students realize their potential when putting into practice.
【答案】popular→popularity
2. varies→vary
3. 删掉replace后面的with
4. suitably→suitable
5. bad→worse
6. which→that
7. repeat→repeating
8. 在played前面加be
9. a→an
10. putting→ put
【知识点】学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了网络发展下远程学习日益流行这一现象，指出人们看法不一，作者认为远程学习不会取代传统学习，因其存在不适合偏好与老师直接交流的学生、长时间上网学习损害视力等弊端，不过远程学习在时间和地点上的灵活性有益于教学，还能让老师免于重复相同内容，是传统学习的有效补充，最后强调远程学习与传统学习相结合有助于学生发挥潜力。
【分析】
1.句意：随着网络的发展，线上教学越来越普及。动词gain后面接名词作宾语，所以该句应用popularity作宾语。故将popular改为popularity。
2.句意：人们对线上教学的看法不一。主语People's opinions是复数，所以谓语动词vary应用复数形式，保持主谓一致。故将varies改为vary。
3.句意：我认为线上教学不会取代传统教学。replace是及物动词，后面无需介词，可直接加宾语。故删掉replace后面的with。
4.句意：首先，线上教学不适合那些倾向于与老师进行直接交流的学生。短语be suitable for意为"适于"。故将suitably改为suitable。
5.句意：更糟糕的是，线上学习时间过长会对学生的眼睛造成伤害。what's worse是固定搭配，意为"更糟糕的是"。故将bad改为worse。
6.句意：然而，线上教学的教学优点在于时间和地点的灵活性。强调句型的结构是："It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）+其它"。该句被强调部分是"its flexibility in time and place"，故用that。故将which改为that。
7.句意：此外，由于教学音视频材料可以重复播放，线上教学能够让教师不必重复讲授相同的教学内容。from是介词，后面接动词的动名词形式作宾语。故将repeat改为repeating。
8.考查动词语态。句意：此外，由于教学音视频材料可以重复播放，线上教学能够让教师不必重复讲授相同的教学内容。分析句子结构可知，该句是since引导的原因状语从句，从句主语the video or audio materials与动词play之间是被动关系，所以play应用被动语态。又因为can是情态动词，后面接动词原形，所以此处从句谓语应为can be played。故在played前面加be。
9.句意：因此，线上教学能够有效辅助传统教学。effective发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。故将a改为an。
10.句意：简言之，如果将线上教学与传统教学相结合，便能有利于发挥学生的潜能。此处when引导的从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语the combination of distance learning and traditional learning一致，且与从句谓语动词put之间是被动关系，则put应用被动语态，即从句谓语中有be动词，所以该句省略了从句的主语和be动词，从句部分为when put into practice。故将putting改为put。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及名词，主谓一致，介词，形容词，强调句型，非谓语动词，语态等多个知识点的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
九、第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
52．（2025·湖北模拟）请你以"Science And Technology Influence Our Life"为题，给校刊"英语角"栏目写一篇英文稿件，内容包括： 1. 举例说明科学技术给学校教育和我们生活带来的新变化；2. 你的感受。
注意： 1. 短文词数不少于100词。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 文中不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
Science And Technology Influence Our Life
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One Possible Version
Science And Technology Influence Our Life
Science and technology have been deeply influencing both our our life and study.
Take our school for example. Now there are several HD-cameras monitoring the whole campus in case of emergency or school bullying. At meal time, we can watch TV news in the dinning hall, learning the latest international and domestic events. Not only can our teachers use multimedia equipment to make their classes more lively, but also they can mark papers on the computer, which greatly improves the efficiency of paper-scoring.
Additionally, in our daily life we can do many things conveniently, such as paying by Alipay, getting food by card, going to school by shared bike and so on.
In a word, it is the development of science and technology that makes such a comfortable and convenient life available to us.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生给校刊"英语角"栏目写一篇题为 "Science And Technology Influence Our Life" 的英文稿件。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 举例说明科学技术给学校教育和我们生活带来的新变化；2. 你的感受。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Take our school for example. 运用了祈使句；Now there are several HD-cameras monitoring the whole campus in case of emergency or school bullying. 运用了there be句式；At meal time, we can watch TV news in the dinning hall, learning the latest international and domestic events. 运用了现在分词作状语；Not only can our teachers use multimedia equipment to make their classes more lively, but also they can mark papers on the computer, which greatly improves the efficiency of paper-scoring.运用了并列句，倒装句，非限制性定语从句；In a word, it is the development of science and technology that makes such a comfortable and convenient life available to us.运用了强调句。
1 / 12025届湖北省八校联考高三下学期三模英语试题
一、A
（2025·湖北模拟） Here are several places which will surprise you.
Death Valley, California, USA
Very lively at night but completely dead during the day, this place is nothing but dry hot desert. It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even though less than a thousand people live there.
Kebili, Tunisia
Tunisia's close location to the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it should be nice and cool but Kebili is a desert town which has the highest temperature recorded at 55℃. The people inhabiting the area have adjusted to tough conditions and learned to spend most of their time in the shade. Date palms are one of the key features of this place.
Wādī Halfā, Sudan
The city is located on the shores of Lake Nubia, and dust storms are a pretty common thing in the summer. With an average temperature of 41℃, it still managed to make it to 53℃ in 1967. You would think that it should be a little bit cooler for it is the most northern place in Sudan.
Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran
It's another uninhabited desert which is actually getting super hot. In the past 20 years, the temperatures of 70℃ have been recorded. The salt desert spreads over 200 miles and even wildlife is not that spread. The place is popular with tourists and naturalists who would like to experience extreme landscapes.
1．What can we say about Death Valley
A．There is little rainfall in it.
B．Over 1, 000 people live there.
C．There is nothing but dry hot sand in it.
D．Its average temperature is 56.7℃.
2．Which place has the highest temperature ever recorded
A．Death Valley. B．Dasht-e Lut Desert.
C．Wādī Halfā. D．Kebili.
3．What do the four places have in common
A．They are places suitable to settle in.
B．They are located close to deserts.
C．They are the hottest places on earth.
D．They are more popular with tourists than other places.
二、B
（2025·湖北模拟） Recently I bought a book about signposts. Signposts aren't very interesting, you're thinking. Well, that, of course, depends on whether you happen to be lost! Ancient travelers would have been grateful forthesewhen settlements were smaller and further apart. In winter, the ability to reach shelter for the night could be the difference between life and death.
One of the very earliest way-marks discovered is in Cumbria. Dating from Roman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft (碑文). There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries. It wasn't until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built.
This applied to remote parts of the country where there might be confusion as to which path led to the nearest market town. Later, with the appearance of the Royal Mail, the number rose still further. Nowadays many of these early road signs are designated (指定) as Listed Monuments.
"How times change!" Lucy, an enthusiastic walker, to whom I loaned the book, exclaimed.
"I suppose now we all rely far more upon mobile phones to guide us."
"Yet they aren't perfect. Whenever I go out, I prefer a map. I never have to worry about running out of battery." "I'm always grateful to whoever is placing way-markers along the route," she added, "I suppose that however sure we are, a little outside confirmation is always welcome."
Lucy is quite right there. Life itself can offer us a great many choices of path, and sometimes it isn't easy to know if we've chosen the best one.
Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them — either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track. After all, we'd be lost without them!
4．What does the underlined word "these " in the first paragraph refer to
A．Signposts. B．Abilities. C．Settlements. D．Shelters.
5．What contributed to the initial spread of signposts
A．The market trade. B．The act passed in 1697.
C．The discovery of the sandstone. D．The appearance of the Royal Mail.
6．What does Lucy think of signposts
A．Popular. B．Outdated. C．Imperfect. D．Helpful.
7．What does the author learn from signposts
A．To choose right tracks. B．To live a colorful life.
C．To have a grateful mind. D．To offer practical choices.
三、C
（2025·湖北模拟） Scientists at Purdue University created the world's whitest paint — a discovery that not only adds yet another choice to the "which white should we paint this wall" dilemma, but also might help the climate crisis.
The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team. It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming. "When we started this project seven years ago, we had saving energy and fighting climate change in mind," Ruan said in a podcast (播客) episode of This Is Purdue. They wanted to create a paint that would reflect sunlight away from a building, dramatically decreasing the need for air conditioning.
Heating, cooling, and lighting account for 28 percent of the world's total greenhouse gas emissions. And overusing air conditioning can overwhelm a city's power grid and cause blackouts (停电). In a Queens blackout in 2006, 175,000 people were left without power, which lead to 40 deaths. This paint could effectively be an alternative to air conditioners in some places.
The paint reflects 98.1%of solar radiation while also giving out infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat from the sun than it gives out, a surface coated with this paint is cooled below the surrounding temperature without using power. Covering a roof area of 1,000 square feet with the paint could create 10 kilowatts ofcooling power, the researchers found."That's more powerful than the air conditioners used by most houses,"Ruan told This Is Purdue.
You can't buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a company to put the paint on the market. While individual action to fight elimate change can help save our planet, it's important to note that the vast majority of the world's greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to 100companies. Maybe we can douse(浇) those companies with this white paint, too — it could be worth a shot.
8．What is known about the paint
A．It has different colors. B．It doesn't cost much.
C．It uses heating technology. D．It is climate-friendly.
9．What is the Queens blackout mentioned to show
A．The poor management of power. B．The significance of the paint.
C．The importance of air conditioning. D．The result of global warming.
10．Which aspect of the paint is talked about in Paragraph 4
A．Its application. B．Its function.
C．Its composition. D．Its disadvantage.
11．What can be learned from the last paragraph
A．The quality of the paint needs improving.
B．The paint will bring profits to the 100 companies.
C．Researchers want to see the paint in commercial use.
D．Individual efforts matter in creating the whitest paint.
四、D
（2025·湖北模拟） Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot.
Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice (牺牲) the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others. They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场).
The authors then presented 767 U. S. participants, who were on average 39 years old, with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person's life to save five others. Before answering, participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five. Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers.
Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read. However, the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments.
The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chatbots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.
12．What are ChatGPT's answers to a certain moral stance like according to Paragraph 2
A．Inconsistent. B．Valuable. C．Creative. D．Simple.
13．What is learned about the participants
A．They admitted the power of ChatGPT.
B．They were interviewed by a moral advisor.
C．They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly.
D．They were presented with different moral dilemmas.
14．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Different findings of the study.
B．Future potentials for chatbots.
C．Major focuses of future education.
D．Solutions to the impact of chatbots.
15．What is the best title for the text
A．ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics
B．ChatGPT: Is It Likely to Affect Our Life
C．ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us So Nervous
D．ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments
五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2025·湖北模拟） Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with.　16． 　 Here are a few tips that will eventually help you lift the spirit of a sad person.
Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care.　17． 　 This can make them feel relaxed and open to you. This can also help them recognize that you are there to help them go through this moment. With no kind and loving words, your actions have already said a lot.
　18． 　 Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like "I'm here", "we are in this together", "you'll get over this", "lean on me" and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you're there to take him/her through the sad moment.
Use the right tone of voice.　19． 　 They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener. To convey your words with faith that would create a positive effect on the sad person, you would need to say it with the right tone of voice.
Listen patiently. People ask lots of questions but they end up paying little attention to getting the feedback (反馈) that they wanted. Don't be that person. After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time.　20． 　
A. Say kind loving words.
B. Make use of polite expressions.
C. Then choose to appreciate others too.
D. Remember that words do not stand alone.
E. It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help.
F. This knowledge is gained through research and practice.
G. When you do this to someone, they can feel your warmth.
六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2025·湖北模拟） I've been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut (黑核桃树)．In late September or early October, falling fruits as 21． as baseballs put your head at risk.Patio (露台) umbrellas are a 22． while dining in the garden beginning in early August, and because of the amount of fruit this season, I 23． my helmet while working in the garden.
Also, the black walnut produces a chemical substance (物质) through its roots as a 24． strategy, which is poisonous to several common plants.
There have been many new plant varieties I brought home with 25． that the walnut would 26． accept them, but they all failed to grow well.
What does 27． are native plants that naturally grow in the area. They are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and 28． to a healthy environment. Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less 29． ．
Have I thought of getting rid of this giant 30． in my backyard Yes, 31． , removing this tree standing at 50 feet is next to impossible. I'm also 32． under the tree. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that live in it. Trees absorb air pollution and keep cities cooler and more livable. They are home to many birds and insect species and are 33． for keeping our environment balanced.
Sometimes, I 34． my life without the black walnut. I can't 35． a spring without the birds who arrive every year and sing loudly before dawn. I miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I look up into its leaves before the 36． threaten to fall.
Every spring, I wonder what the season 37． : What are the chances of being knocked 38． while barbecuing Like any good relationship, I'll never be pleased. I'm stuck with this tree, so I'll listen to its needs and give it the space it 39． . In return, my walnut offers a home to wildlife and a reminder that 40． , instead of resistance, is the better way to be.
21．A．aggressive B．powerful C．fast D．hard
22．A．comfort B．must C．favor D．decision
23．A．carry B．keep C．wear D．prepare
24．A．competitive B．basic C．conservative D．successful
25．A．hopes B．curiosity C．directions D．enthusiasm
26．A．suddenly B．generally C．possibly D．carefully
27．A．improve B．work C．stand D．change
28．A．relate B．adapt C．contribute D．stick
29．A．harm B．disaster C．survival D．stress
30．A．assignment B．thrill C．pain D．treasure
31．A．however B．even C．instead D．somehow
32．A．planted B．protected C．removed D．managed
33．A．suitable B．practical C．responsible D．necessary
34．A．live through B．think about C．focus on D．call for
35．A．see B．welcome C．forget D．imagine
36．A．nuts B．worries C．trees D．branches
37．A．produces B．values C．holds D．undertakes
38．A．unbearable B．unbelievable C．unable D．unconscious
39．A．requires B．saves C．chooses D．creates
40．A．patience B．acceptance C．preference D．tolerance
七、第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2025·湖北模拟）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three million years may seem like a long time. But when you consider that planet Earth is more than 4. 5 billion years old, it is a pretty short period of time.
The blue whale,　41． 　(weigh) more than even the biggest dinosaurs, is the largest animal　42． 　 has ever lived. They can grow to 30 meters long and be as heavy as 130, 000 kilograms. But for millions of years, they were not nearly that large, scientists said. "All of a sudden — ‘boom' — we see　43． 　(they) get very big," said scientist Nick Pyenson. He and other　44． 　 (researcher) recently published an article on whale size. "It's like going from whales the size of minivans (面包车) to longer than two school buses," Pyenson added.
The scientists believe　45． 　 caused whales to get so large was a change in the Earth's climate only about 3 million years ago. This change led to food becoming more　46． 　(easy) available.　47． 　 oncoming ice age made the ocean water cold and　48． 　(bring) more nutrients, resulting in more food for large whales. Whales which were able to quickly-eat a lot of food survived, and got　49． 　 (large). "Over the next three or four million years, the blue whales grew 10 times bigger than they　50． 　(be)," the scientists said.
八、第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
51．（2025·湖北模拟）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加个漏字符号（/\）， 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
With the development of network, distance learning is gaining more popular. People's opinions about it varies from one to another. In my opinion, it won't replace with traditional learning. Firstly, it isn't suitably for students who prefer direct communication with teachers. What's bad, studying online too long will do harm to students' eyes. However, it is its flexibility in time and place which benefits teaching and learning. Also, it releases teachers from repeat the same contents since the video or audio materials can played repeatedly. So it is a effective addition to traditional learning.
Briefly, the combination of distance learning and traditional learning can help students realize their potential when putting into practice.
九、第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
52．（2025·湖北模拟）请你以"Science And Technology Influence Our Life"为题，给校刊"英语角"栏目写一篇英文稿件，内容包括： 1. 举例说明科学技术给学校教育和我们生活带来的新变化；2. 你的感受。
注意： 1. 短文词数不少于100词。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 文中不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
Science And Technology Influence Our Life
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．B
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几处会令人感到惊奇的地方，包括美国加利福尼亚州的死亡谷、突尼斯的凯比利、苏丹的瓦迪哈勒法以及伊朗的卢特沙漠，讲述了这些地方的极端高温情况及其他一些特点。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．推理判断题。根据Death Valley, California, USA部分中的"Very lively at night but completely dead during the day, this place is nothing but dry hot desert. It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even though less than a thousand people live there." 这个地方晚上很热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，只不过是干热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干旱的地方，这个地方实际上有人居住，尽管那里只有不到1000人。可知 Death Valley是美国最干旱的地区；由此可知，这个地方很少下雨。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Death Valley, California, USA部分中的"It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. "它实际上保持着最高气温的记录。它的平均气温为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录；Kebili, Tunisia部分中的"Tunisia's close location to the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it should be nice and cool but Kebili is a desert town which has the highest temperature recorded at 55℃."突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃；Wādī Halfā, Sudan部分中的"With an average temperature of 41℃, it still managed to make it to 53℃ in 1967. "这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃；以及Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran部分中的"It's another uninhabited desert which is actually getting super hot. In the past 20 years, the temperatures of 70℃ have been recorded."这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，已有温度达到了70℃的记录。可知，有记载的最高温度在伊朗的Dasht-e Lut 沙漠，达到70℃。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据Death Valley, California, USA部分中的"Very lively at night but completely dead during the day, this place is nothing but dry hot desert. It actually holds the record for the hottest air temperature. It has an average temperature of 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is considered to be a current record. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even though less than a thousand people live there."晚上非常热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，这个地方只不过是干燥炎热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46℃，但在1913年已达到56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干燥的地方，这个地方实际上也有人居住，尽管只有不到一千人居住在那里；Kebili, Tunisia部分中的"Tunisia's close location to the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it should be nice and cool but Kebili is a desert town which has the highest temperature recorded at 55℃. The people inhabiting the area have adjusted to tough conditions and learned to spend most of their time in the shade."突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃。居住在该地区的人们已经适应了恶劣的条件，并学会了大部分时间都在阴凉处度过；Wādī Halfā, Sudan部分中的"The city is located on the shores of Lake Nubia, and dust storms are a pretty common thing in the summer. With an average temperature of 41℃, it still managed to make it to 53℃ in 1967. "这座城市位于努比亚湖畔，沙尘暴在夏天是很常见的事情。这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃；以及Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran部分中的"It's another uninhabited desert which is actually getting super hot. In the past 20 years, the temperatures of 70℃ have been recorded. The salt desert spreads over 200 miles and even wildlife is not that spread. The place is popular with tourists and naturalists who would like to experience extreme landscapes. "这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，气温达到了70℃。盐沙漠绵延200多英里，甚至连野生动物都没有那么广泛。这个地方很受想体验极端风景的游客和博物学家的欢迎。可知，这四个地区共同之处是它们都是地球上最热的地方。故选C。
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了路标的历史和作用，引发对生活中指引的思考，指出我们应对那些在关键时刻出现、为我们指引正确方向或给予警示的人心怀感激，因为他们如同路标一样，让我们在生活中不至于迷失。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．代词指代题。根据第一段中的"Recently I bought a book about signposts. Signposts aren't very interesting, you're thinking. Well, that, of course, depends on whether you happen to be lost!"最近我买了一本关于路标的书。你在想，路标没什么意思。嗯，那当然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了；以及"Ancient travelers would have been grateful forthesewhen settlements were smaller and further apart."当定居点更小、距离更远的时候，古代旅行者会很感激这些。可知，划线单词these指的就是上文中提到的路标。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段"One of the very earliest waymarks discovered is in Cumbria. Dating from Roman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft (碑文). There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries. It wasn't until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built."最早发现的路标之一是在坎布里亚郡。它始建于罗马时代，直到1836年，一个农民在耕地时偶然发现了一个砂岩井。还有一些石柱已经矗立在路边几个世纪了。直到1697年才通过一项法案，宣布必须建造路标。可知，1697年通过的法案促成了路标最初的传播。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第六段"‘Yet they aren't perfect. Whenever I go out, I prefer a map. I never have to worry about running out of battery.' ‘I'm always grateful to whoever is placing way-markers along the route,' she added, ‘I suppose that however sure we are, a little outside confirmation is always welcome.'" "然而，它们并不完美。无论我什么时候出去，我都喜欢带着地图。我从来不用担心没电了。"无论谁在沿途设置路标，我都很感激，"她补充说，"我想，无论我们多么确定，一点外界的确认总是受欢迎的。"可推知，露西对路标的看法是认为它是有帮助的。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them — either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track."也许说到感恩，我们也应该感谢那些在我们最需要他们的时候出现在我们生活中的人——他们要么温和地警告我们可能走错了方向，要么安慰我们走在正确的道路上。毕竟，没有他们我们会迷路的！可推知，作者从路标中学到了要有感恩的心。故选C。
【答案】8．D
9．B
10．B
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，普渡大学科学家研发出世界上最白的涂料，该涂料通过被动冷却技术能反射大部分太阳辐射并释放红外线热量，可降低建筑对空调的需求，减少空间制冷成本和全球变暖影响，虽尚未上市但前景可期；同时指出个人行动虽有助于应对气候变化，但全球大部分温室气体排放源于少数公司，引发对更广泛减排举措的思考 。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team. It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming."这种涂料是由普渡大学机械工程教授阮秀林和他的团队开发的。它的工作原理是一种被动冷却技术，这种技术很有希望降低空间冷却成本和全球变暖。可知，关于涂料我们知道它是气候友好型的。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"In a Queens blackout in 2006,175,000 people were left without power, which lead to 40 deaths. This paint could effectively be an alternative to air conditioners in some places."在2006年皇后区的一次大停电中，17.5万人没有电，导致40人死亡。在一些地方，这种涂料可以有效地替代空调。可推知，皇后区停电事件是为了说明涂料的意义。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"The paint reflects 98.1%of solar radiation while also giving out infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat from the sun than it gives out, a surface coated with this paint is cooled below the surrounding temperature without using power. Covering a roof area of 1,000 square feet with the paint could create 10 kilowatts ofcooling power, the researchers found. ‘That's more powerful than the air conditioners used by most houses,'Ruan told This Is Purdue."这种涂料能反射98.1%的太阳辐射，同时还能发出红外线。由于这种涂料从太阳吸收的热量比散发的热量少，涂上这种涂料的表面可以在不使用电力的情况下冷却到周围温度以下。研究人员发现，用这种涂料覆盖1000平方英尺的屋顶可以产生10千瓦的冷却功率。"这比大多数家庭使用的空调更强大，"阮告诉This Is Purdue。可知，第四段主要谈论了涂料的功能方面的内容。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段"You can't buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a company to put the paint on the market. While individual action to fight elimate change can help save our planet, it's important to note that the vast majority of the world's greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to 100companies. Maybe we can douse(浇) those companies with this white paint, too — it could be worth a shot."你现在还不能买到这种涂料，但研究人员正在与一家公司合作，将这种涂料推向市场。虽然个人行动对抗气候变化可以帮助拯救我们的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上绝大多数温室气体排放可以追溯到100家公司。也许我们可以把这些公司也涂上这种白漆——值得一试。可推知，研究人员希望看到这种涂料在商业上的应用。故选C。
【答案】12．A
13．C
14．D
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；段落大意；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项发表于《科学报告》的研究表明，人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写的陈述会影响人类对道德困境的反应，用户可能低估了自身道德判断受聊天机器人影响的程度。研究人员让ChatGPT就"牺牲一人救五人"的道德困境给出不同陈述，然后让美国参与者阅读相关陈述后作答，尽管多数参与者称陈述未影响其答案，但实际结果显示他们可能低估了这种影响。作者由此指出，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜在可能性凸显了开展教育以助人类更好理解人工智能的必要性，并提议未来研究应设计拒绝回答道德判断问题或提供多种论点和警告的聊天机器人。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和标题归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场)."他们发现，ChatGPT随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场。可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回答不一致。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments."这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响。可知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。故选C。
14．段落大意题。根据最后一段"The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chatbots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings."作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们提出，未来的研究应该设计出这样的聊天机器人：要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题。可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。故选D。
15．标题归纳题。根据第一段中的"Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports."发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写言论的影响；以及倒数第二段中的"This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments."这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响；并结合文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。可知"ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断"适合做文章标题。故选D。
【答案】16．F；17．G；18．A；19．D；20．E
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，指出人们并非天生就懂得如何照顾伤心的人，随后给出了一些能最终帮助提振伤心者情绪的建议，包括给予拥抱、说贴心话、使用恰当的语调以及耐心倾听。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with."学习如何关心一个伤心的人会帮助你在你爱的人和朋友倒下的时候陪在他们身边。然而，知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的。提到"知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的"，说明需要通过研究和实践获得，F. This knowledge is gained through research and practice."这些知识是通过研究和实践获得的"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
17．根据空前"Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care."给一个拥抱。拥抱某人表示你的爱和关心；以及空后"This can make them feel relaxed and open to you."这会让他们感到放松，对你敞开心扉。可知，拥抱某人表示你的爱和关心，所以当你对别人这样做时，他们能感受到你的温暖。G. When you do this to someone, they can feel your warmth."当你对别人这样做时，他们能感受到你的温暖"指出拥抱某人的好处，承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
18．根据空后"Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like ‘I'm here', ‘we are in this together', ‘you'll get over this', ‘lean on me' and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you're there to take him/her through the sad moment."现在，继续说几句好话吧。像"我在这里"、"我们在一起"、"你会挺过来的"、"依靠我"之类的话，可以帮助悲伤的人感觉好一点，让他们知道你会陪着他/她度过悲伤的时刻。可知，本段主要关于对别人说一些暖心的话语， A. Say kind loving words. "说些亲切的爱的话"符合语境，故选A。
19．根据空前"Use the right tone of voice."使用正确的语气；以及空后"They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener."它们配合语气向听者传达意思。提到言语配合语气向听者传达意思，说明不是孤立的，D选项words对应后文they。 D. Remember that words do not stand alone. "记住，言语不是孤立的"承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
20．根据空前"After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time."问完问题后，耐心地听，知道那个悲伤的人当时会感激什么。可知此处应承接上文说明倾听的作用：帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助， E. It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help. "它将帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助"承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【答案】21．D；22．B；23．C；24．A；25．A；26．C；27．B；28．C；29．D；30．C；31．A；32．B；33．D；34．B；35．D；36．A；37．C；38．D；39．A；40．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己与院子里一棵黑核桃树长达18年的爱恨纠葛，黑核桃树带来诸多麻烦，作者也曾想过移除它，但因其高大且对环境意义重大而放弃。最终作者意识到应接纳这棵树，与其和谐共处，接受自然带来的事物而非一味抗拒。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：在9月底或10月初，像棒球一样坚硬的落果会让你的头处于危险之中。A：aggressive"好斗的"；B：powerful"强大的"；C：fast"快速的"；D：hard " 硬的 "。根据空后"as baseballs put your head at risk"可知，此处描述胡桃树上落下的果实很硬。故选D。
22．句意：从8月初开始，在花园里用餐时，遮阳伞是必不可少的。由于这个季节水果量大，我在花园里工作时戴上了头盔。A：comfort"安慰"；B：must"必不可少的事物"；C：favor"赞成、喜爱"；D：decision " 决定 "。根据空后"while dining in the garden beginning in early August"可知，8月初天气热，作者他们要在花园里用餐，所以遮阳伞是必不可少的。故选B。
23．句意：从8月初开始，在花园里用餐时，遮阳伞是必不可少的。由于这个季节水果量大，我在花园里工作时戴上了头盔。 A：carry"携带"；B：keep"保持"；C：wear"穿戴"；D：prepare" 准备"。根据上文"In late September or early October, falling fruits as 1 as baseballs put your head at risk."在9月底或10月初，像棒球一样坚硬的落果会让你的头处于危险之中；以及空前"because of the amount of fruit this season"可知，这个季节会有果子落下，所以要戴上头盔，以防被坚硬的果子砸到头。故选C。
24．句意：此外，黑核桃树通过其根部产生一种化学物质，作为一种竞争策略，对几种常见植物有毒。A：competitive"有竞争力的"；B：basic"基本的"；C：conservative"保守的"；D：successful " 成功的 "。根据空后"which is poisonous to several common plants"可知，这是黑核桃树要和其它几种常见植物竞争地下的养分。故选A。
25．句意：我带回了很多新的植物品种，希望核桃树能接受它们，但它们都没能长得好。A：hopes"希望"；B：curiosity"好奇心"；C：directions"指导"；D：enthusiasm" 热情 "。根据空后"that the walnut would 6 accept them"可知，这是作者希望的事情。故选A。
26．句意：我带回了很多新的植物品种，希望核桃树能接受它们，但它们都没能长得好。A：suddenly "突然地"；B：generally"大体上"；C：possibly"可能"；D：carefully " 仔细地 "。根据空后"but they all failed to grow well"可知，作者只是希望黑核桃树有可能接受他带来的新植物。故选C。
27．句意：真正起作用的是当地自然生长的植物。A：improve"改善"；B：work"起作用"；C：stand "站立"；D：change" 改变 "。根据下文"They are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and 8 to a healthy environment."它们很重要，因为它们为鸟类、蜜蜂和蝴蝶等有益的传粉者提供种子，并有助于健康的环境。可知，此处指对植物起作用的东西。故选B。
28．句意：它们很重要，因为它们为鸟类、蜜蜂和蝴蝶等有益的传粉者提供种子，并有助于健康的环境。A：relate"与......有关"；B：adapt"适应"；C：contribute"贡献"；D：stick " 粘 "。根据空前"they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds"可知，这些是对健康的环境有益的东西，contribute to固定短语，"有助于"。故选C。
29．句意：该地区的本地植物通常易于生长，因此压力较小。A：harm"害处"；B：disaster"灾难"；C：survival"幸存"；D：stress " 压力 "。根据空前"Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow"可知，该地区的本地植物通常易于生长，因此和其它植物竞争的压力较小。故选D。
30．句意：我有没有想过摆脱后院的巨大痛苦？A：assignment"任务"；B：thrill"激动"；C：pain "疼痛"；D：treasure " 宝藏 "。根据空前"getting rid of"；以及上文"In late September or early October, falling fruits as 1 as baseballs put your head at risk."在9月底或10月初，像棒球一样坚硬的落果会让你的头处于危险之中。可知，此处指作者后院的黑核桃树，所以对他来说是巨大的痛苦。故选C。
31．句意：是的，然而，移除这棵50英尺高的树几乎是不可能的。A：however"然而"；B：even"甚至"；C：instead"相反"；D：somehow "不知怎么地 "。根据上文"Have I thought of getting rid of this giant 10 in my backyard "我有没有想过摆脱后院的巨大痛苦？；以及空后"removing this tree standing at 50 feet is next to impossible"可知，作者想过要移除黑核桃树，但是又不可能做到，所以上下文是转折的关系。故选A。
32．句意：我也受到这棵树的保护。A：planted"种植"；B：protected"保护"；C：removed"移除"；D：managed " 管理 "。根据下文"Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that live in it."树木对城市森林和所有生活在其中的人都很重要。可知，树木保护人类，也包括作者。故选B。
33．句意：它们是许多鸟类和昆虫的家园，是保持环境平衡所必需的。A：suitable"合适的"；B：practical"实际的"；C：responsible"负责的"；D：necessary" 必要的 "。根据空后"for keeping our environment balanced"可知，树木对保持环境平衡来说是必需的。故选D。
34．句意：有时，我会思考没有黑核桃树的生活。A：live through"度过"；B：think about"考虑"；C：focus on"集中"；D：call for " 需要 "。根据下文"I can't 15 a spring without the birds who arrive every year and sing loudly before dawn. I miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I look up into its leaves before the 16 threaten to fall."我无法想象一个春天没有每年都会到来并在黎明前高声歌唱的鸟儿。我怀念周末慵懒的下午，当我抬头望着它的叶子，在坚果快要掉下来之前睡着。可知，作者有时候会思考没有黑核桃树的生活。故选B。
35．句意：我无法想象一个春天没有每年都会到来并在黎明前高声歌唱的鸟儿。A：see"看见"；B：welcome"欢迎"；C：forget"忘记"；D：imagine " 想象 "。根据上文"Sometimes, I 14 _ my life without the black walnut."有时，我会思考没有黑核桃树的生活。可知，作者无法想象没有黑核桃树的生活。故选D。
36．句意：我怀念周末慵懒的下午，当我抬头望着它的叶子，在坚果快要掉下来之前睡着。A：nuts"坚果"；B：worries"担心"；C：trees"树"；D：branches" 分支 "。根据空前"as I look up into its leaves"；以及空后"threaten to fall"可知，此处指黑核桃树的果实，属于坚果。故选A。
37．句意：每年春天，我都想知道这个季节是什么样的：在烧烤时被打晕的可能性有多大？A：produces "生产"；B：values"珍惜"；C：holds"抓住"；D：undertakes" 承担 "。根据空后"What are the chances of being knocked 185 while barbecuing "可知，此处指春天有的东西。故选C。
38．句意：每年春天，我都想知道这个季节是什么样的：在烧烤时被打晕的可能性有多大？A：unbearable"难以容忍的"；B：unbelievable"难以相信的"；C：unable"不能够的"；D：unconscious " 无意识的 "。根据空后"while barbecuing"可知，此处指在作者烧烤的时候会被黑核桃树上落下的果子打晕是意识不到的。故选D。
39．句意：我被这棵树困住了，所以我会倾听它的需求，给它所需的空间。A：requires"要求"；B：saves"挽救"；C：chooses"选择"；D：creates " 创造 "。根据空前"so I'll listen to its needs and give it the space"可知，作者会倾听黑核桃树的需求，给它所需的空间。故选A。
40．句意：作为回报，我的核桃树为野生动物提供了家园，并提醒我们接受而非抵抗才是更好的处世之道。A：patience"耐心"；B：acceptance"接受"；C：preference"偏好"；D：tolerance"容忍 "。根据空后"instead of resistance"可知，这里指的是要接受，而不是抵抗。故选B。
【答案】41．weighing；42．that；43．them；44．researchers；45．what；46．easily；47．An；48．brought；49．larger；50．had been
【知识点】说明文；科普类；an；brought；easily；large；researcher；that；them；weigh；what
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，指出三百万年在地球45亿多年的历史中是很短的时间，接着以蓝鲸为例，说明科学家认为约三百万年前地球气候的变化，使食物更易获取，导致蓝鲸体型变得巨大，在接下来的三四百万年里，蓝鲸体型增长到原来的十倍。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，定语从句，代词，名词，主语从句，副词，冠词，时态，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：蓝鲸，体重甚至超过了最大的恐龙，是有史以来最大的动物。 weigh "重量为"，动词，此处作后置定语，应用非谓语动词，与主语whales逻辑上是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式，故填weighing。
42．句意：蓝鲸，体重甚至超过了最大的恐龙，是有史以来最大的动物。 has ever lived 是限制性定语从句，先行词是animal，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前有形容词最高级修饰，应用关系代词that，故填that。
43．句意："突然之间，我们看到它们变得非常大。" 科学家Nick Pyenson说。 they "它们"，人称代词主格。此处作动词see的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式，故填them。
44．句意：他和其他的研究人员最近就鲸鱼体型大小发表了一篇文章。researcher"研究人员"，可数名词，other后接可数名词的复数形式，表示"其他的研究人员"。故填researchers。
45．句意：科学家们认为，导致鲸鱼长得如此之大的原因是大约300万年前地球气候的变化。 caused whales to get so large shi 主语从句，引导词在主语从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，故填what。
46．句意：这一变化导致食物变得更容易获得。 easy "容易的"，形容词。此处应用副词形式easily，修饰后面的形容词available，作状语，故填easily。
47．句意：即将到来的冰河时代使海水变冷，带来了更多的营养物质，因此对大型鲸鱼来说有了更多的食物。age在句中用作可数名词，此处泛指"即将到来的冰河时代"，应用不定冠词，且oncoming是以元音音素开头，应用an，首字母应大写。故填An。
48．句意：即将到来的冰河时代使海水变冷，带来了更多的营养物质，因此对大型鲸鱼来说有了更多的食物。 bring "带来" ，是谓语动词，是and连接的并列谓语动词，句子是一般过去时，空处应和made保持一致，用动词过去式。故填brought。
49．句意：能够快速吃掉大量食物的鲸鱼幸存下来，并且变得更大。 large "大的"，形容词。根据句意可知，吃得多的鲸鱼存活下来，体型变得更大，而且前文一直探讨的是体积的变大，故此处应该使用形容词比较级。故填larger。
50．句意："在接下来的三四百万年里，蓝鲸的体型比原来大了10倍。"科学家们说。此处be表示的动作发生在动词"grew"之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had been。
51．【答案】popular→popularity
2. varies→vary
3. 删掉replace后面的with
4. suitably→suitable
5. bad→worse
6. which→that
7. repeat→repeating
8. 在played前面加be
9. a→an
10. putting→ put
【知识点】学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了网络发展下远程学习日益流行这一现象，指出人们看法不一，作者认为远程学习不会取代传统学习，因其存在不适合偏好与老师直接交流的学生、长时间上网学习损害视力等弊端，不过远程学习在时间和地点上的灵活性有益于教学，还能让老师免于重复相同内容，是传统学习的有效补充，最后强调远程学习与传统学习相结合有助于学生发挥潜力。
【分析】
1.句意：随着网络的发展，线上教学越来越普及。动词gain后面接名词作宾语，所以该句应用popularity作宾语。故将popular改为popularity。
2.句意：人们对线上教学的看法不一。主语People's opinions是复数，所以谓语动词vary应用复数形式，保持主谓一致。故将varies改为vary。
3.句意：我认为线上教学不会取代传统教学。replace是及物动词，后面无需介词，可直接加宾语。故删掉replace后面的with。
4.句意：首先，线上教学不适合那些倾向于与老师进行直接交流的学生。短语be suitable for意为"适于"。故将suitably改为suitable。
5.句意：更糟糕的是，线上学习时间过长会对学生的眼睛造成伤害。what's worse是固定搭配，意为"更糟糕的是"。故将bad改为worse。
6.句意：然而，线上教学的教学优点在于时间和地点的灵活性。强调句型的结构是："It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）+其它"。该句被强调部分是"its flexibility in time and place"，故用that。故将which改为that。
7.句意：此外，由于教学音视频材料可以重复播放，线上教学能够让教师不必重复讲授相同的教学内容。from是介词，后面接动词的动名词形式作宾语。故将repeat改为repeating。
8.考查动词语态。句意：此外，由于教学音视频材料可以重复播放，线上教学能够让教师不必重复讲授相同的教学内容。分析句子结构可知，该句是since引导的原因状语从句，从句主语the video or audio materials与动词play之间是被动关系，所以play应用被动语态。又因为can是情态动词，后面接动词原形，所以此处从句谓语应为can be played。故在played前面加be。
9.句意：因此，线上教学能够有效辅助传统教学。effective发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。故将a改为an。
10.句意：简言之，如果将线上教学与传统教学相结合，便能有利于发挥学生的潜能。此处when引导的从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语the combination of distance learning and traditional learning一致，且与从句谓语动词put之间是被动关系，则put应用被动语态，即从句谓语中有be动词，所以该句省略了从句的主语和be动词，从句部分为when put into practice。故将putting改为put。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及名词，主谓一致，介词，形容词，强调句型，非谓语动词，语态等多个知识点的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
52．【答案】One Possible Version
Science And Technology Influence Our Life
Science and technology have been deeply influencing both our our life and study.
Take our school for example. Now there are several HD-cameras monitoring the whole campus in case of emergency or school bullying. At meal time, we can watch TV news in the dinning hall, learning the latest international and domestic events. Not only can our teachers use multimedia equipment to make their classes more lively, but also they can mark papers on the computer, which greatly improves the efficiency of paper-scoring.
Additionally, in our daily life we can do many things conveniently, such as paying by Alipay, getting food by card, going to school by shared bike and so on.
In a word, it is the development of science and technology that makes such a comfortable and convenient life available to us.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生给校刊"英语角"栏目写一篇题为 "Science And Technology Influence Our Life" 的英文稿件。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 举例说明科学技术给学校教育和我们生活带来的新变化；2. 你的感受。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Take our school for example. 运用了祈使句；Now there are several HD-cameras monitoring the whole campus in case of emergency or school bullying. 运用了there be句式；At meal time, we can watch TV news in the dinning hall, learning the latest international and domestic events. 运用了现在分词作状语；Not only can our teachers use multimedia equipment to make their classes more lively, but also they can mark papers on the computer, which greatly improves the efficiency of paper-scoring.运用了并列句，倒装句，非限制性定语从句；In a word, it is the development of science and technology that makes such a comfortable and convenient life available to us.运用了强调句。
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